Multi-adaptive turning and milling combined spindle unit

Abstract

The application relates to a multi-adaptive turning and milling combined spindle unit which is composed of a spindle power rotary module, an end-tooth axial locking module and an elastic radial locking module; the rear end of the spindle power rotary module is connected with the elastic radial locking module; the elastic radial locking module is structured as follows: a rear sleeve is connected with a rear sleeve through a bushing at the tail end of a sleeve, three parallel annular grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the rear sleeve, annular friction plates are arranged in each annular groove, and the two ends of the friction plates are respectively welded with the end portions of the corresponding annular grooves to form annular weld seams; one of the annular oil grooves is connected with a corresponding pipe joint through an inner pipeline of the rear sleeve and is connected with a corresponding hydraulic control valve through an independent oil path. The turning and milling combined spindle unit not only has the functions of high-speed turning, equal-division-angle positioning and locking, arbitrary-angle positioning and locking machining, but also can realize damping turning under strong milling machining and large torque low speed and milling machining under zero rotation speed, so that the combined machining of various complex working conditions is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit, belonging to the technical field of CNC machine tool functional components. Background Technology

[0002] The spindle is a core functional component of a machine tool, playing a crucial role in mill-turn machines, offering a flexible machining range and strong production capabilities. Its spindle is an integrated product possessing both extensive turning and milling capabilities. When the mill-turn machine tool is in turning mode, the spindle can rotate at high speed; when the mill-turn machine tool is in milling mode, the spindle must be locked to prevent it from moving.

[0003] Currently, the common method for switching between milling and turning functions is end gear locking. That is, an end gear locking device is used at the front end of the spindle. This solution places the end gear in front of the spindle's front bearing, locking only the front end of the spindle. This results in uneven force distribution on the front and rear of the spindle, leading to drawbacks such as insufficient rigidity, backlash, incomplete unloading of the spindle bearing force, and increased axial force on the spindle. Alternatively, some designs place the end gear locking structure at the rear end of the spindle, but this essentially suffers from the same problems associated with front-mounted end gear locking.

[0004] In addition to the end gear locking indexing structure, there is also a structure that allows hydraulic oil to enter the sealing cavity. This structure often uses a U-shaped sealing ring to lock the front end of the spindle and has the function of arbitrary division. However, the seal is prone to aging and has a short lifespan. It is generally used in small and medium-sized turning and milling composite machine tools.

[0005] In addition to the two structures mentioned above, there is also a disc brake device. After the spindle motor determines its position by the encoder, the motor stops. At this time, the spindle is positioned and the hydraulic cylinder brakes the flat disc to ensure that the spindle will not rotate when subjected to milling force. This structure is simple, but for the brake pads, it is mainly a single-point or multi-point circumferential axial locking, with limited locking force, which is not suitable for large cutting volume machining. At the same time, the positioning accuracy is not ideal.

[0006] As machine tool products become increasingly complex, the requirements for milling and turning spindles are also increasing. Therefore, a milling and turning spindle that can adapt to various machining conditions is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-adaptive turning and milling composite spindle unit. This turning and milling composite spindle unit not only has high-speed turning, equal-division angle positioning and locking, and arbitrary angle positioning and locking machining, but also can achieve strong milling machining, damped turning under high torque and low speed, and milling machining at zero speed, thereby meeting the composite machining needs of various complex working conditions.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit, comprising a spindle power rotation module, an end gear axial locking module, and an elastic radial locking module; the spindle power rotation module includes a shaft and a sleeve, the shaft is connected to the motor rotor, the sleeve is connected to the motor stator, and a bushing is connected to the rear end of the sleeve; the front end of the spindle power rotation module is connected to the indexable end gear axial locking module, and the rear end of the spindle power rotation module is connected to the elastic radial locking module; the elastic radial locking module has the following structure: a rear sleeve is connected to the rear end of the sleeve through a bushing, and the rear sleeve is coaxially clearance-fitted with the shaft; three parallel annular grooves are provided on the inner wall of the rear sleeve, and an annular friction plate is provided in each annular groove, the two ends of the friction plate are welded to the ends of the corresponding annular grooves to form annular welds; several annular oil grooves are provided on the annular grooves corresponding to the bottom surface of each friction plate, one of the annular oil grooves is connected to the corresponding pipe joint through the inner pipe of the rear sleeve, and the three pipe joints are connected to the corresponding hydraulic control valves through independent oil circuits.

[0009] Application of a multi-adaptive milling and turning spindle unit in turning under high torque and low speed conditions.

[0010] Application of a multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit in milling machining with zero spindle speed in spindle motor stall torque mode.

[0011] The control method for the above application is as follows: simultaneously activate any one or two hydraulic control valves to open, causing the corresponding one or two friction plates to expand and deform. The outer circumference of the rear end of the shaft bears the locking force of the friction plates, but can rotate at low speed. The spindle can achieve high torque low speed damped cutting or spindle indexing milling at zero speed.

[0012] Application of a multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit in applications where the spindle does not rotate and bears large cutting forces.

[0013] The control method for the above application is as follows: three hydraulic control valves are opened simultaneously, causing the three friction plates to expand and deform at the same time, gripping the outer circumference of the rear end of the shaft; the end gear axial locking module locks and positions; the spindle is fully positioned and locked in the axial and radial directions, so that the front and rear bearings are evenly stressed when the spindle is subjected to cutting force, eliminating backlash, and the spindle will resist stronger cutting force and play a powerful cutting role.

[0014] The multi-adaptive milling and turning spindle unit of this application adopts the above-mentioned structure. While meeting the basic functions of a high-speed spindle, it can achieve both high-rigidity positioning milling and precision milling at arbitrary angles. It also possesses soft feed and damped machining capabilities, adapting to complex parts under various working conditions. The workpiece is clamped in a single setup for milling and turning, enabling the machine tool to achieve both high-rigidity cutting capabilities and high precision and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the main shaft structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic radial locking module.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a side view of the elastic radial locking module.

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image. Detailed Implementation

[0019] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit comprises a spindle power rotation module 10, an end-tooth axial locking module 20, and an elastic radial locking module 30. The spindle power rotation module 10 includes a shaft 1 and a sleeve 2. The shaft 1 is connected to the motor rotor, and the sleeve 2 is connected to the motor stator. A bushing 3 is connected to the rear end of the sleeve 2. The front end of the spindle power rotation module 10 is connected to the indexable end-tooth axial locking module 20, and the rear end of the spindle power rotation module 10 is connected to the elastic radial locking module 30. The elastic radial locking module 30 is structured such that a rear sleeve 4 is connected to the rear end of the sleeve 2 via the bushing 3, and the rear sleeve 4 is coaxially fitted with the shaft 1 with a clearance fit. Three parallel annular grooves are provided on the inner wall of the rear sleeve 4. An annular friction plate 5 is provided in each annular groove. The two ends of the friction plate 5 are welded to the ends of the corresponding annular grooves to form annular welds 6. Several annular oil grooves 7 are provided on the annular grooves corresponding to the bottom surface of each friction plate 5. One of the annular oil grooves 7 is connected to the corresponding pipe joint 8 through the internal pipeline of the rear sleeve 4. The three pipe joints 8 are connected to the corresponding hydraulic control valves through independent oil circuits. When a hydraulic control valve of a certain circuit is activated, oil enters the corresponding annular oil groove 7, causing the friction plate 5 to undergo elastic deformation, thereby contacting the tail of the corresponding shaft 1 and generating braking force, so that the shaft 1 is in a locked state.

[0020] The end tooth axial locking module 20 is an existing structure, disclosed in patent number 202210918748.4, invention title "An equal-division positioning and locking device for a lathe spindle". This structure realizes the indexing and locking function of the front end of the spindle. Example 1

[0021] When the workpiece being machined requires high-speed turning, both the end tooth axial locking module 20 and the elastic radial locking module 30 are in a loose state, and the spindle has high-speed turning capabilities. Example 2

[0022] The workpiece to be machined needs to be positioned at 15° intervals for large-cut milling or drilling. At this time, the end tooth axial locking module 20 can be indexed and locked according to the actual structure, while the elastic radial locking module 30 is in the loose state, so that the spindle can resist strong milling during the cutting process. The spindle has the function of high-rigidity milling at equal intervals. Example 3

[0023] The workpiece processed by the machine tool needs to be locked and positioned when the end tooth axial locking module 20 cannot be indexed, such as at an 11° angle. At this time, the end tooth axial locking module 20 is in the loose state, and the three hydraulic control valves are opened at the same time, so that the three friction plates (5) expand and deform at the same time, and hug the outer circumference of the rear end of the shaft (1); the spindle can be positioned and locked at any angle as needed, and can resist strong milling during the cutting process. The spindle has the function of high-efficiency milling at any angle. Example 4

[0024] The workpiece being machined needs to be turned at high torque and low speed, requiring high workpiece surface quality. At this time, the elastic radial locking module 30 works, and oil is injected separately through different oil circuits, causing one or two of the three sets of friction plates 5 to undergo elastic expansion deformation. Although the spindle shaft 1 also bears the locking force of the friction plates, it can rotate at low speed. Under this condition, damped cutting of the workpiece can be achieved, and the workpiece will obtain a higher surface quality. Example 5

[0025] When machining workpieces, the spindle motor needs to be in stall torque mode for milling, with the spindle operating at zero speed. In this condition, the stall current of the motor needs to be stable under the required load to avoid impact loads damaging the spindle orientation accuracy and affecting the quality of the machined surface. At this time, the elastic radial locking module 30 works, and can be pressurized and injected with oil through different oil circuits to cause one or two sets of friction plates 5 to elastically expand and deform, providing a certain rotational damping to the spindle shaft 1, thereby shortening the spindle indexing time and improving efficiency. Example 6

[0026] While the end tooth axial locking module 20 provides equal-division angle positioning and locking for the spindle, the elastic radial locking module 30 also performs a clamping action. The three sets of friction plates 5 work simultaneously. At this time, the spindle will be positioned and locked in both the axial and radial directions, so that the front and rear bearings are evenly stressed when the spindle is subjected to cutting force, eliminating backlash. The spindle will resist stronger cutting force and play a powerful cutting role.

[0027] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit, characterized in that: It consists of a main spindle power rotation module (10), an end tooth axial locking module (20), and an elastic radial locking module (30); the main spindle power rotation module (10) includes a shaft (1) and a sleeve (2), the shaft (1) is connected to the motor rotor, the sleeve (2) is connected to the motor stator, and a bushing (3) is connected to the rear end of the sleeve (2); the front end of the main spindle power rotation module (10) is connected to the indexable end tooth axial locking module (20), and the main spindle power rotation module (10) The rear end is connected to the elastic radial locking module (30); the elastic radial locking module (30) is structured as follows: the rear sleeve (4) is connected to the tail end of the sleeve (2) through the bushing (3), and the rear sleeve (4) is coaxially and clearance-fitted with the shaft (1). Three parallel annular grooves are provided on the inner wall of the rear sleeve (4), and an annular friction plate (5) is provided in each annular groove. The two ends of the friction plate (5) are respectively welded to the ends of the corresponding annular grooves to form an annular weld (6); at the bottom of each friction plate (5) Several annular oil grooves (7) are provided on the corresponding annular groove. One of the annular oil grooves (7) is connected to the corresponding pipe joint (8) through the inner pipe of the rear sleeve (4). The three pipe joints (8) are connected to the corresponding hydraulic control valves through independent oil circuits. At the same time, any one or two hydraulic control valves are opened to make the corresponding one or two friction plates (5) expand and deform. The outer circumference of the rear end of the shaft (1) bears the locking force of the friction plate (5), but can rotate at low speed. The spindle realizes the high torque low speed damping cutting of the workpiece or the spindle indexing milling at zero speed. At the same time, the three hydraulic control valves are opened to make the three friction plates (5) expand and deform at the same time, and hug the outer circumference of the rear end of the shaft (1). The end tooth axial locking module (20) locks and positions. The spindle is fully positioned and locked in the axial and radial directions, so that the front and rear bearings are evenly stressed when the spindle is subjected to cutting force, eliminating the backlash. The spindle will resist stronger cutting force and play the role of strong cutting.

2. An application of the multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit as described in claim 1 in turning under high torque and low speed conditions.

3. The application of the multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit as described in claim 1 in milling operations with zero spindle speed in the spindle motor stall torque mode.

4. The application of the multi-adaptive milling and turning composite spindle unit as described in claim 1 in applications where the spindle does not rotate and bears large cutting forces.

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