Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating integrated material, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses sound-absorbing and sound-insulating integrated material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of new materials. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating integrated material comprises a fiber assembly layer, a high-density sound-insulating layer and a polymer damping layer, the fiber assembly layer, the high-density sound-insulating layer and the polymer damping layer are of a sound impedance gradient gradient structure, the thickness of the fiber assembly layer ranges from 1mm to 10mm, the thickness of the high-density sound-insulating layer ranges from 3mm to 15mm, and the thickness of the polymer damping layer ranges from 2mm to 12mm. The fiber assembly layer is made of fiber materials, including but not limited to natural fibers and chemical fibers of single component or different components. The high-density sound-insulating layer is made of gypsum, and the polymer damping layer is made of silica gel or rubber. The sound-absorbing and sound-insulating integrated material in the application adopts a coconut shell bionic structure, can absorb and insulate noise of different frequency bands, has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture and low in cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of new materials, in particular to a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of modern society, various noise problems are increasingly serious, causing great harm to people's physical and mental health. Fibrous materials are typical porous sound-absorbing materials and are widely used in noise and vibration control fields. The materials contain a large number of fine tubes, narrow slits and cavities, etc., so that they have good sound absorption performance in the medium and high frequency bands. However, due to the porous structure, the mechanical strength is low, and the sound absorption efficiency is not high in the low frequency range. In recent years, researchers have tried various methods to improve the sound absorption performance in the medium and low frequency bands.

[0003] Up to now, resonant sound-absorbing materials have good absorption effect on low-frequency sound waves, but their structure is complex, the sound absorption frequency band is narrow, and they are not easy to manufacture and have unstable performance. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application aims to provide a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material and a preparation method and application thereof, which can absorb and insulate noise of different frequency bands, and has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture and has low cost.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material, characterized in that it comprises a fibrous aggregate layer, a high-density sound insulation layer and a polymer damping layer, and the fibrous aggregate layer, the high-density sound insulation layer and the polymer damping layer have a sound impedance gradient gradually changing structure.

[0007] Further, the thickness of the fibrous aggregate layer is in the range of 1-10 mm, the thickness of the high-density sound insulation layer is in the range of 3-15 mm, and the thickness of the polymer damping layer is in the range of 2-12 mm.

[0008] Further, the fibrous aggregate layer is made of fibrous material, the high-density sound insulation layer is made of gypsum material, and the polymer damping layer is made of silicone or rubber material.

[0009] Further, the fibrous material comprises natural fibers and chemical fibers of a single component or different components mixed.

[0010] Further, a preparation method of a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps,

[0011] S1: preparing a fibrous aggregate layer by needle punching reinforcement method;

[0012] S2: uniformly coating adhesive on one side surface of the high-density sound insulation layer, and laminating the fiber assembly layer prepared in S1 to obtain a double-layer structure material;

[0013] S3: using a hot-pressing process to composite the polymer damping layer on the other side of the high-density sound insulation layer to prepare a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material with a three-layer structure.

[0014] Further, the specific operation of step S1 includes the following steps,

[0015] S101: pretreating different fiber materials, the pretreatment including feeding, opening, mixing, carding, drawing and laying in sequence, and the number of laying layers being 3-10 layers;

[0016] S102: using a low-pressure water jet process to pre-consolidate the fiber material laid in step S101, the pressure range of pre-consolidation being 3-6 MPa, and the perforation mesh being 20-50 meshes;

[0017] S103: needle punching consolidation treatment is performed on the water jet pre-consolidated fiber material, the needle punching density being 60-600 punctures / cm 2 , and the needle punching step range being 2-10 mm / time.

[0018] Further, the preparation method of the high-density sound insulation layer in step S2 includes the following steps,

[0019] The gypsum powder and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:30-45, the mixed liquid is placed in a mold for solidification and molding, the temperature of solidification and molding being 60-90℃, and the time being 10-90 min.

[0020] Further, the adhesive in step S2 includes polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyacrylate and epoxy resin, and the concentration mass fraction of the adhesive being 2-20%.

[0021] Further, the specific operation of step S3 includes the following steps,

[0022] S301: selecting rubber material with a thickness of 2-12 mm as the polymer damping layer material;

[0023] S302: placing the rubber material on a flat vulcanizing machine to heat the single layer of rubber material;

[0024] S303: placing the heated rubber material on the side of the double-layer structure material prepared in step S2 away from the fiber assembly layer, and applying a pressure of 2-15 MPa to make the rubber material layer tightly adhere, and naturally cooling to obtain a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material with a three-layer structure.

[0025] Further, the application also includes the application of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material as described above in sound absorption and sound insulation products.

[0026] The application has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. In the application, a new sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material is provided by imitating the structure of coconut shell, which is designed by using silica gel layer, gypsum layer and fiber layer as raw materials, and adopts a sound impedance gradient gradient structure, the sound wave incidence layer adopts a loose fiber aggregate layer, the sound impedance is close to air (415 Rayl), which is beneficial to sound wave incidence and increases the incidence of sound wave on the material surface, and the impedance gradually increases due to the gradient structure, which is also beneficial to the attenuation and absorption of sound wave in the material, and improves the sound absorption performance.

[0028] 2. The sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in the application embeds the gypsum board in the multilayer material, which optimizes the sound absorption performance, gives the multilayer material certain sound insulation performance, realizes the integration of sound absorption and sound insulation functions, and meets the needs of actual engineering application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural principle diagram of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in the application.

[0030] Figure 2 It is the sound absorption performance test result of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in the second embodiment of the application.

[0031] Figure 3 It is the sound insulation performance test result of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in the second embodiment of the application.

[0032] Figure 4 It is the sound absorption performance test result of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in the third embodiment of the application.

[0033] Figure 5 It is the sound insulation performance test result of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in the third embodiment of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical scheme of the application, the technical scheme of the application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Embodiment one:

[0036] Embodiment one provides a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material, as shown in the accompanying drawings Figure 1As shown, including the fiber assembly layer, the high-density sound insulation layer and the polymer damping layer, the fiber assembly layer, the high-density sound insulation layer and the polymer damping layer are gradiently structured in acoustic impedance. In use, the fiber assembly layer is close to the sound source, the fiber assembly layer is relatively sparse, the acoustic impedance is close to air, which is conducive to the incidence of sound waves, and then gradually attenuates in the subsequent layer, the high-density sound insulation layer mainly realizes the sound insulation effect, and the polymer damping layer has the effects of sound absorption, sound insulation and vibration reduction.

[0037] Specifically, the thickness of the fiber assembly layer is 1-10 mm, the thickness of the high-density sound insulation layer is 3-15 mm, and the thickness of the polymer damping layer is 2-12 mm.

[0038] The fiber assembly layer adopts a fiber material, including natural fibers and chemical fibers of single component or different components, such as cotton fibers, viscose fibers, polyester fibers, nylon fibers, coconut palm fibers, palm fibers, etc.

[0039] The high-density sound insulation layer adopts a gypsum material, and the polymer damping layer adopts a silica gel or rubber material (specifically including styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, cis-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, etc.), which has good damping performance and can achieve the effect of vibration reduction and noise reduction.

[0040] The sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in the application can be applied to sound absorption and sound insulation products including but not limited to building engineering, traffic engineering and mechanical structure, and the principle is that the volume density of the fiber assembly of the surface layer is relatively small, has relatively low acoustic impedance, and is conducive to the incidence of sound waves. The incident sound wave touches the high-density sound insulation layer in the middle and is reflected, and the reflected sound wave is further consumed and absorbed by the fiber assembly layer. The high-density sound insulation layer insulates the incident sound wave energy and prevents the further propagation of the sound wave energy. The polymer damping layer behind the sound insulation layer has a certain damping effect, which is conducive to the specific application in engineering practice, and according to the mechanism of damping, vibration reduction and sound absorption, the sound wave energy that passes through the sound insulation layer is absorbed and attenuated, and the fiber assembly layer and the high-density sound insulation layer are supplemented and enhanced.

[0041] Example two:

[0042] Example two provides a preparation method of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material as described in example one, specifically including the following steps,

[0043] S1: preparing the fiber assembly layer by needle punching reinforcement method;

[0044] Specifically, S101: pretreating different fiber materials, the pretreatment includes feeding, opening, mixing, carding, drawing and laying in sequence, the fiber laying method adopts cross-laying, and the laying layer is 6 layers;

[0045] S102: The fiber material after the laying in step S101 is pre-consolidated by using a low-pressure hydroentanglement process, the pressure range of the pre-consolidation is 3 MPa, and the punching mesh number is 30 meshes;

[0046] S103: The fiber material after the hydroentanglement pre-consolidation is needle punched for consolidation treatment, the needle punching density during the needle punching consolidation treatment is 200 pokes / cm 2 , and the needle punching step range is 6 mm / time.

[0047] Further, step S2: uniformly coating an adhesive on one side surface of the high-density sound insulation layer, and laminating the fiber assembly layer prepared in S1 to obtain a double-layer structure material;

[0048] Specifically, the gypsum powder and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:40, the fineness of the gypsum powder is 1000 meshes, the mixed liquid is placed in a mold for solidification and molding, the solidification and molding temperature is 70℃, the time is 30 min, and the thickness of the molded high-density sound insulation layer is 8 mm.

[0049] The high-density sound insulation layer is uniformly coated with water-based polyurethane with a concentration mass fraction of 10% as an adhesive on one side surface, and the fiber assembly layer prepared in S1 is laminated to obtain a double-layer structure material.

[0050] Further, step S3: using a hot press molding process to composite the polymer damping layer on the other side of the high-density sound insulation layer to prepare a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material with a three-layer structure;

[0051] Specifically,

[0052] S301: Selecting butyronitrile rubber with a thickness of 4 mm as the polymer damping layer material;

[0053] S302: Placing the butyronitrile rubber on a flat vulcanizing machine to heat treat the single layer of rubber material, and the heating temperature is 150℃;

[0054] S303: Placing the heated rubber material on the double-layer structure material prepared in step S2 away from the fiber assembly layer side, and applying a pressure of 5 MPa to make the rubber material layer tightly adhere, and naturally cooling to obtain a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material with a three-layer structure.

[0055] Further, the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in this embodiment is tested for sound absorption performance and sound insulation performance, and the results are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively. From Figure 2It can be seen that the sound absorption coefficient gradually increases with the increase of the frequency of sound wave, and the sound absorption coefficient at 2000Hz can reach 0.5, and the highest sound absorption coefficient can reach more than 0.9, indicating that the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material has good sound absorption performance. Figure 3 It can be seen that the sound absorption coefficient gradually increases with the increase of the frequency of sound wave, and the sound absorption coefficient at 2000Hz can reach 0.5, and the highest sound absorption coefficient can reach more than 0.9, indicating that the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material has good sound absorption performance.

[0056] Example three:

[0057] Example three also provides a preparation method of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material as described in example one, and the process parameters of the preparation process are different from those of example two. Specifically, S1: the fiber assembly layer is prepared by needle punching reinforcement method;

[0058] Specifically, S101: the different fiber materials are pretreated, and the pretreatment includes feeding, opening, mixing, carding, drawing and laying in sequence. The fiber laying method adopts cross laying, and the laying layer is 9 layers;

[0059] S102: the fiber material laid in step S101 is pre-reinforced by low-pressure water jet process, and the pre-reinforcement pressure range is 5MPa, and the punching mesh number is 40 meshes;

[0060] S103: the water jet pre-reinforced fiber material is needle punched and reinforced, and the needle punching density during needle punching and reinforcement is 300 stitches / cm 2 , and the needle punching step range is 8mm / second.

[0061] Further, step S2: uniformly coating an adhesive on one side surface of the high-density sound insulation layer, and laminating the fiber assembly layer prepared in S1 to obtain a double-layer structure material;

[0062] Specifically, the gypsum powder and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:40, the fineness of the gypsum powder is 1500 meshes, the mixed liquid is placed in a mold for solidification and molding, the solidification and molding temperature is 60℃, and the time is 40min. The thickness of the molded high-density sound insulation layer is 10mm.

[0063] Uniformly coat polyvinyl alcohol with a concentration mass fraction of 8% on one side surface of the high-density sound insulation layer as an adhesive, and laminate the fiber assembly layer prepared in S1 to obtain a double-layer structure material.

[0064] Further, step S3: using hot pressing molding process to composite the polymer damping layer on the other side of the high-density sound insulation layer to prepare a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material with a three-layer structure;

[0065] Specifically,

[0066] S301: Select general-purpose natural rubber with a thickness of 6mm as the polymer damping layer material;

[0067] S302: Place general-purpose natural rubber on a flat vulcanizing machine and heat-treat a single layer of the rubber material at a temperature of 140°C.

[0068] S303: Place the heated rubber material on the side away from the fiber aggregate layer of the double-layer structure material prepared in step S2, and apply a pressure of 8MPa to make the rubber material layers fit tightly together. After natural cooling, a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating integrated material with a three-layer structure is obtained.

[0069] Furthermore, the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of the integrated sound absorption and sound insulation material in this embodiment were tested, and the results are shown in the attached figures. Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 As shown. By Figure 4 It can be seen that the sound absorption coefficient gradually increases with the increase of sound wave frequency, reaching 0.6 at 2000Hz, and the highest sound absorption coefficient can reach over 0.92, indicating that the integrated sound absorption and sound insulation material has good sound absorption performance. Figure 5 It can be seen that the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material has a sound insulation amount of more than 30dB in the tested frequency range, indicating that the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material has excellent sound insulation performance, can meet the needs of engineering practice, and has good application prospects.

[0070] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sound absorbing and sound insulating integrated material, characterized by: The sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material is composed of a fiber assembly layer, a high-density sound insulation layer and a polymer damping layer, and the fiber assembly layer, the high-density sound insulation layer and the polymer damping layer are of a sound impedance gradient gradient structure; the sound wave incidence direction is the side of the fiber assembly layer; The thickness of the fiber assembly layer is 1-10 mm, the thickness of the high-density sound insulation layer is 3-15 mm, and the thickness of the polymer damping layer is 2-12 mm. The fiber assembly layer is made of fiber material, and the fiber material includes natural fibers and chemical fibers mixed in different components; the high-density sound insulation layer is made of gypsum material, and the polymer damping layer is made of rubber material. The preparation method of the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material comprises the following steps, S1: preparing a fiber assembly layer by needle punching reinforcement method; S2: uniformly coating an adhesive on one side surface of the high-density sound insulation layer, and laminating the fiber assembly layer prepared in S1 to obtain a double-layer structure material; S3: using a hot press forming process to composite the polymer damping layer on the other side of the high-density sound insulation layer to prepare a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material with a three-layer structure.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sound absorbing and sound insulating integrated material is prepared by mixing the sound absorbing material and the sound insulating material in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1:

3. The preparation method comprises the following steps, S1: preparing a fiber assembly layer by needle punching reinforcement method; S2: uniformly coating an adhesive on one side surface of the high-density sound insulation layer, and laminating the fiber assembly layer prepared in S1 to obtain a double-layer structure material; S3: using a hot press forming process to composite the polymer damping layer on the other side of the high-density sound insulation layer to prepare a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material with a three-layer structure.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating integrated material is prepared by mixing the sound-absorbing material and the sound-insulating material in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:

3. The specific operation of step S1 comprises the following steps, S101: pretreating different fiber materials, and the pretreatment comprises feeding, opening, mixing, carding, drawing and laying in sequence, and the number of laying layers is 3-10 layers; S102: using a low-pressure water jet process to pre-reinforce the fiber material laid in step S101, and the pressure range of pre-reinforcement is 3-6 MPa, and the perforation mesh number is 20-50 meshes; S103: The water-jet pre-consolidated fiber material is subjected to needle punching consolidation treatment, the needle punching density in the needle punching consolidation treatment is 60-600 punctures / cm 2 , and the needle punching step range is 2-10 mm / step.

4. The method for preparing an integrated sound-absorbing and sound-insulating material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the high-density sound insulation layer in step S2 comprises the following steps, Mixing gypsum powder and water at a mass ratio of 100:30-45, placing the mixed liquid in a mold for solidification forming, and the solidification forming temperature is 60-90 DEG C, and the time is 10-90 min.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating integrated material is prepared by mixing the sound-absorbing material and the sound-insulating material in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:

3. The adhesive in step S2 comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyacrylate and epoxy resin, and the concentration mass fraction of the adhesive is 2-20%.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material is prepared by the steps of: mixing the sound absorption material and the sound insulation material to form a mixture; and heating and compressing the mixture to form the sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material. The specific operation of step S3 comprises the following steps, S301: selecting rubber material with a thickness of 2-12 mm as the polymer damping layer material; S302: placing the rubber material on a flat vulcanizing machine to heat the single layer of rubber material; S303: placing the heated rubber material on the side of the double-layer structure material prepared in step S2 away from the fiber assembly layer, and applying a pressure of 2-15 MPa to make the rubber material layer tightly adhere, and naturally cooling to obtain a sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material with a three-layer structure.

7. The sound absorption and sound insulation integrated material in claim 1 is applied in a sound absorption and sound insulation product.

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