A safety structure for a fuel cell stack and a fuel cell stack system

Abstract

This invention provides a safety structure for a fuel cell stack and a fuel cell stack system, including a gas storage chamber filling mechanism, a stack, an anode structure, and a cathode structure. The anode structure includes a hydrogen inlet passage and a hydrogen storage chamber. The first outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage chamber via a hydrogen pneumatically controlled solenoid valve. The second outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism is connected to the inlet of a hydrogen pneumatically controlled one-way valve. The outlet of the hydrogen pneumatically controlled one-way valve is connected to the anode exhaust structure. The valve body of the hydrogen pneumatically controlled solenoid valve is connected to the valve body of the hydrogen pneumatically controlled one-way valve. When water, hydrogen, and air inside the stack cannot be discharged in time, the gas storage chamber filling mechanism can compress the gas and allow it to enter the hydrogen storage chamber through the hydrogen pneumatically controlled solenoid valve, with the inlet flow rate of the hydrogen pneumatically controlled solenoid valve being greater than the exhaust flow rate of the hydrogen pneumatically controlled one-way valve. This invention adds a vacuum structure, namely the gas storage chamber filling mechanism, at the outlet, thereby increasing the flow rate and improving the venting speed by reducing the outlet pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and specifically to a fuel cell stack safety structure and fuel cell stack system. Background Technology

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that generates water by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen while simultaneously outputting electrical energy. It has advantages such as high power generation efficiency, low environmental pollution, high specific energy, and low noise, and has received widespread attention in the field of new energy and has good application prospects in commercial vehicles.

[0003] In cases of abnormal power outages or short low-temperature purging times, water vapor, hydrogen, and air inside the fuel cell stack cannot be discharged in time. If water vapor is not discharged in time at low temperatures, it may cause ice to form inside the stack. If oxygen is not discharged in time, it may permeate to the hydrogen side, causing reverse polarity when the battery starts, thus damaging the fuel cell stack.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a safe structure for fuel cell stacks and a fuel cell stack system to solve the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safe structure for a fuel cell stack and a fuel cell stack system, which solves the problem that water vapor, hydrogen and air inside the fuel cell stack cannot be discharged in time due to abnormal power failure or short low-temperature purging time, thereby causing the water inside the stack to freeze at low temperature or reverse polarity.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is provided:

[0007] This invention provides a safety structure for a fuel cell stack, including a gas storage chamber filling mechanism, a stack, an anode structure, and a cathode structure. The anode structure includes a hydrogen inlet passage and a hydrogen storage chamber. The first outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage chamber via a hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve. The second outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism is connected to the inlet of a hydrogen pneumatic control check valve. The outlet of the hydrogen pneumatic control check valve is connected to the anode exhaust structure. The valve body of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve is connected to the valve body of the hydrogen pneumatic control check valve.

[0008] When water, hydrogen, and air inside the fuel cell cannot be discharged in time, the gas storage chamber filling mechanism can compress the gas and enter the hydrogen storage chamber through the hydrogen gas control solenoid valve, and the inlet flow rate of the hydrogen gas control solenoid valve is greater than the exhaust flow rate of the hydrogen gas control check valve.

[0009] Optionally, the anode structure further includes a hydrogen source, a pressure reducing valve, a main valve, a bypass valve, an ejector, a water distributor, a drain valve, and an exhaust valve. The hydrogen source is connected to the pressure reducing valve, then to the main valve, then in parallel to the bypass valve and the ejector, and then to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack. The anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the water distributor. The first outlet of the water distributor is connected to the drain valve, then to the exhaust valve. The outlet of the hydrogen pneumatic check valve is connected to the inlet of the water distributor.

[0010] Optionally, the anode structure further includes a hydrogen injector, the first outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen injector, the first outlet of the hydrogen injector is connected to the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve, and the second outlet is connected to the exhaust valve.

[0011] Optionally, the anode structure further includes a throttling orifice gas storage chamber, a gas-controlled pressure holding valve, and a nitrogen accumulator. The inlet of the throttling orifice gas storage chamber is connected to the gas storage chamber filling mechanism, and the outlet is connected to the gas-controlled pressure holding valve. The outlet of the gas-controlled pressure holding valve is connected to the inlet pipes of the nitrogen accumulator and the ejector.

[0012] Optionally, the anode structure further includes a switching solenoid valve, one end of which is connected to the pipeline between the pneumatic pressure holding valve and the nitrogen accumulator, and the other end is connected to the inlet pipeline of the ejector.

[0013] Optionally, the cathode structure includes an air intake passage and an air storage chamber. The third outlet of the air storage chamber inflation mechanism is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber. The third outlet of the air storage chamber inflation mechanism is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber through an air-controlled solenoid valve. The fourth outlet of the air storage chamber inflation mechanism is connected to the inlet of an air-controlled one-way valve. The outlet of the air-controlled one-way valve is connected to the cathode exhaust structure. The valve body of the air-controlled solenoid valve is connected to the valve body of the air-controlled one-way valve.

[0014] Optionally, the cathode structure includes a first air filter, a compressor, an electronically controlled three-way valve, a humidifier, and an exhaust throttle valve. The air filter is connected to the compressor, then to the electronically controlled three-way valve, and then to the first inlet of the humidifier. The first outlet of the humidifier is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the second inlet of the humidifier, and the second outlet of the humidifier is connected to the exhaust throttle valve.

[0015] Optionally, the cathode structure further includes an air injector, the inlet of which is connected to the second outlet of the air storage chamber charging mechanism, and the outlet of the exhaust throttle valve is connected to the outlet of the air injector.

[0016] Optionally, the gas storage chamber inflation mechanism includes a chamber, a motor ball screw, and a spring. The motor is electrically connected to the controller. Under normal conditions, the motor ball screw compresses the spring in the upper locked position. When the engine is abnormally powered off, the controller starts the motor to drive the ball screw structure out of the locked position, and the spring resets and compresses the gas in the chamber downward.

[0017] The present invention also provides a fuel cell stack system, including the fuel cell stack safety structure described in any of the above technical solutions.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the fuel cell stack safety structure provided by this invention incorporates a gas storage chamber filling mechanism in the hydrogen gas path at the stack anode. This structure features a solenoid valve with delayed closure, which can delay closing after a detected abnormal power failure, allowing gas to escape from the stack. However, under low temperature or low pressure conditions, the gas flow rate is slow, making complete evacuation difficult. Therefore, a vacuum-drawing structure, namely the gas storage chamber filling mechanism, is added at the outlet to increase the flow rate and improve the evacuation speed by reducing the outlet pressure. Under normal conditions, the gas storage chamber filling mechanism is locked at a specific position by mechanical limiting. When an abnormal power failure signal is detected, the locked position opens, and the gas in the compressed chamber enters the hydrogen storage chamber through the hydrogen gas-controlled solenoid valve. The flowing gas can create a certain vacuum at the outlet, increasing the pressure drop between the inside and outside of the stack and increasing the flow rate. This makes the inlet flow rate of the hydrogen gas-controlled solenoid valve greater than the exhaust flow rate of the hydrogen gas-controlled one-way valve, shortening the evacuation time of the stack.

[0019] The summary section is provided to present the chosen concepts in a simplified form, which will be further described in the detailed description below. The summary section is not intended to identify essential or necessary features of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally denote like parts.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell stack system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the structure of the ball screw intake and nitrogen accumulator storage of the fuel cell stack system during normal operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3This invention illustrates a schematic diagram of the ball screw compression and stack venting during an abnormal power-off of the fuel cell stack system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the hydrogen gas path pressure maintenance structure after exhaust of the fuel cell stack system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1-Air storage chamber inflation mechanism 101-Motor

[0027] 102-Ball Screw 103-Spring

[0028] 2-Electric stack 3-Hydrogen storage chamber

[0029] 4-Hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve; 5-Hydrogen pneumatic control check valve

[0030] 6-Hydrogen injector 7-Hydrogen path throttle orifice

[0031] 8-Throttle orifice air storage chamber; 9-Pneumatically controlled pressure maintaining valve

[0032] 10-Nitrogen accumulator 11-Switch solenoid valve

[0033] 12-Second air filter 13-Intake throttle orifice

[0034] 14-Air storage chamber; 15-Air pneumatic control solenoid valve

[0035] 16-Air pneumatic check valve; 17-Air injector

[0036] 18-Air path throttling orifice 19-Third air filter

[0037] 20-Air check valve 21-Hydrogen source

[0038] 22-Pressure reducing valve 23-Main valve

[0039] 24-Ejector 25-Bypass Valve

[0040] 26-Water distributor 27-Liquid level sensor

[0041] 28-Drain valve 29-Hydrogen tailpipe valve

[0042] 30 - Exhaust valve 31 - First air filter

[0043] 32-Compressor 33-Electrically controlled three-way valve

[0044] 34-Humidifier 35-Exhaust Throttle Valve

[0045] 36 - Air exhaust valve. Detailed Implementation

[0046] Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0047] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein signify open inclusion, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless otherwise stated, the term "or" means "and / or". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first", "second", etc., may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a safe structure for a fuel cell stack, including a gas storage chamber filling mechanism 1, a stack 2, an anode structure, and a cathode structure. The anode structure includes a hydrogen inlet passage and a hydrogen storage chamber 3. The first outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism 1 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage chamber 3 via a hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4. The second outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism 1 is connected to the inlet of a hydrogen pneumatic control check valve 5. The outlet of the hydrogen pneumatic control check valve 5 is connected to the anode exhaust structure. The valve body of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 is connected to the valve body of the hydrogen pneumatic control check valve 5. When water, hydrogen, and air inside the stack 2 cannot be discharged in time, the gas storage chamber filling mechanism 1 can compress the gas and spray it out through a hydrogen injector 6, reducing the outlet pressure of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 and increasing the outlet flow rate. At the same time, the hydrogen storage chamber 3 has the function of delaying the closing of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4, fully emptying the hydrogen inside the stack 2.

[0049] Specifically, the anode structure also includes a hydrogen source 21, a pressure reducing valve 22, a main valve 23, a bypass valve 25, an ejector 24, a water distributor 26, a drain valve 28, and an exhaust valve 30. The hydrogen source 21 is connected to the pressure reducing valve 22, then to the main valve 23, then in parallel to the bypass valve 25 and the ejector 24, and finally to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack 2. The anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 2 is connected to the water distributor 26. The first outlet of the water distributor 26 is connected to the drain valve 28, and then to the exhaust valve 30. The outlet of the hydrogen pneumatic check valve 5 is connected to the inlet of the water distributor 26. The anode structure in this embodiment also includes a hydrogen tail exhaust valve 29, whose first inlet is connected to an outlet of the water distributor 26 and its second inlet is connected to an outlet of the hydrogen injector 6.

[0050] Furthermore, the anode structure also includes a hydrogen injector 6, the first outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism 1 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen injector 6, the first outlet of the hydrogen injector 6 is connected to the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4, and the second outlet is connected to the exhaust valve 30.

[0051] Optionally, the anode structure also includes a throttling orifice gas storage chamber 8, a pneumatic pressure holding valve 9, and a nitrogen accumulator 10. The inlet of the throttling orifice gas storage chamber 8 is connected to the gas storage chamber filling mechanism 1, and the outlet is connected to the pneumatic pressure holding valve 9. The outlet of the pneumatic pressure holding valve 9 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the nitrogen accumulator 10 and the ejector 24.

[0052] Preferably, the anode structure further includes a switching solenoid valve 11, whose inlet is connected to the inlet pipe of the ejector 24, and whose outlet is connected to the pipe between the pneumatic pressure holding valve 9 and the nitrogen accumulator 10.

[0053] Furthermore, the cathode structure of this embodiment includes an air intake passage and an air storage chamber 14. The third outlet of the air storage chamber filling mechanism 1 is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber 14. The third outlet of the air storage chamber filling mechanism 1 is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber 14 through an air-controlled solenoid valve 15. The fourth outlet of the air storage chamber filling mechanism 1 is connected to the inlet of an air-controlled one-way valve 16. The outlet of the air-controlled one-way valve 16 is connected to the cathode exhaust structure. The valve body of the air-controlled solenoid valve 15 is connected to the valve body of the air-controlled one-way valve 16.

[0054] Specifically, the cathode structure also includes a first air filter 31, a compressor 32, an electronically controlled three-way valve 33, a humidifier 34, a tailpipe throttle valve 35, and an air tailpipe valve 36. The air filter is connected to the compressor 32, then to the electronically controlled three-way valve 33, and then to the first inlet of the humidifier 34. The first outlet of the humidifier 34 is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 2. The cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack 2 is connected to the second inlet of the humidifier 34. The second outlet of the humidifier 34 is connected to the tailpipe throttle valve 35. The outlet of the tailpipe throttle valve 35 is connected to the first inlet of the air tailpipe valve 36.

[0055] Optionally, the cathode structure also includes an air injector 17, the inlet of which is connected to the second outlet of the air storage chamber charging mechanism 1, the outlet of the exhaust throttle valve 35 is connected to the outlet of the air injector 17, and one outlet of the air injector 17 is connected to the other inlet of the exhaust valve 36.

[0056] Preferably, the gas storage chamber inflation mechanism 1 includes a chamber, a motor ball screw, and a spring 103. The motor ball screw includes a motor 101 and a ball screw 102 connected to the motor shaft. The motor 101 is electrically connected to the controller. Under normal conditions, the motor ball screw compresses the spring 103 in the upper locked position. When the engine is abnormally powered off, the controller starts the motor 101 to drive the ball screw 102 structure to disengage from the locked position, and the spring 103 resets and compresses the gas in the chamber downward.

[0057] Furthermore, the anode structure side of this embodiment is also provided with a second air filter 12, an air inlet throttling orifice 13, a hydrogen path throttling orifice 7, and a liquid level sensor 27. The second air filter 12 is connected to the pipeline between the inlet of the throttling orifice gas storage chamber 8 and the gas storage chamber filling mechanism 1 through the air inlet throttling orifice 13, and is used to filter the air entering the throttling orifice gas storage chamber 8. A hydrogen path throttling orifice 7 is provided on the outlet pipeline of the hydrogen storage chamber 3, which can reduce the gas flow rate and increase the time for pressurized gas to flow out of the hydrogen storage chamber 3, that is, delay the closure of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4, and fully discharge the residual hydrogen and moisture in the fuel cell stack 2. A liquid level sensor 27, specifically an ultrasonic liquid level sensor 27, is connected to the water distributor 26, which can accurately detect the liquid level in the water distributor 26.

[0058] Preferably, the cathode structure side of this embodiment is further provided with a third air filter 19, an air check valve 20 and an air path throttling orifice 18. The third air filter 19 is connected to the pipeline between the air path pneumatic control check valve and the air storage chamber inflation mechanism 1 through the air check valve 20, and is used to filter the air entering the air path pneumatic control check valve.

[0059] The present invention also provides a fuel cell stack system, including a fuel cell stack safety structure comprising any of the above-described technical solutions.

[0060] The fuel cell system with a fuel cell stack safety structure of this embodiment is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 The diagram shows the basic structure of a fuel cell: delayed-closing pneumatic control solenoid valves are added to the hydrogen circulation path and air circulation path. When the engine experiences an abnormal power failure, the controller preemptively activates the motor ball screw to disengage from the mechanical locking structure. Then, the motor 101 is de-energized, and the internal spring 103 rapidly compresses the gas in the lower chamber. The gas flows out through the hydrogen injector 6, reducing the outlet pressure of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4, which increases the outlet flow rate of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 and shortens the exhaust time of the fuel cell stack 2. At the same time, the controller preemptively opens the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4, and the gas in the fuel cell stack 2 flows out from the hydrogen pneumatic control check valve 5. At this time, the hydrogen storage chamber 3 stores gas, and the pressure rises with the increase of gas entering. When the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 is de-energized, it can still remain open. The hydrogen in the hydrogen storage chamber 3 flows out through the hydrogen path throttling orifice 7 more slowly, thus delaying the closing of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4.

[0062] The gas flow rate of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 is increased by the motor ball screw, and the opening time of the solenoid valve is increased by delaying the closing of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4. In this way, the gas in the fuel cell stack 2 is discharged. The air exhaust is similar to that of the hydrogen exhaust.

[0063] Figure 2 The demonstration shows the gas storage process of the motor ball screw and the charging process of the nitrogen accumulator 10: When the engine is working normally, the motor ball screw rotates and rises, compressing the internal spring 103. External gas enters the lower chamber of the ball screw 102 through the third air filter 19 and a one-way valve, completing the gas storage. At this time, the ball screw 102 is locked by a mechanical limit structure, and the motor 101 stops rotating. With the engine working normally, hydrogen flows out from the main valve 23, opening the solenoid valve 11, and hydrogen enters the nitrogen accumulator 10, completing the gas storage. At this time, the nitrogen accumulator 10 stores a certain pressure of gas. The amount of hydrogen stored can be selected by the outlet pressure sensor to open and close the solenoid valve 11.

[0064] Figure 3 The demonstration illustrates the compression of the motor ball screw and the exhaust of fuel cell stack 2 under abnormal conditions: When the engine malfunctions and loses power, the controller preemptively activates the motor ball screw, disengaging it from its mechanical locking mechanism. Under the force of spring 103, the ball screw 102 compresses the gas in the lower chamber, and the compressed gas is discharged through the hydrogen injector 6. Simultaneously, the controller also preemptively opens the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4. The pressurized gas in the lower chamber of the ball screw 102 pushes open the hydrogen pneumatic control check valve. Due to the Venturi effect at the hydrogen injector 6, the outlet pressure of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 is low, creating a large pressure difference with the fuel cell stack 2, resulting in a relatively large hydrogen flow rate. When the engine malfunctions and is powered off, the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 closes. At this time, hydrogen flows into the hydrogen storage chamber 3 through the hydrogen path throttle orifice 7, increasing the pressure. The solenoid valve 4 remains open. As hydrogen continues to flow into the hydrogen storage chamber 3 through the throttle orifice 7, the pressure inside the chamber continues to rise. When the pressure inside the fuel cell stack 2 decreases, the gas in the hydrogen storage chamber 3 is difficult to escape in a short time due to the presence of the throttle orifice 7, thus delaying the closing of the hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 and ensuring the discharge of hydrogen from the fuel cell stack 2. When the spring 103 pushes the ball screw 102 to the bottom, the hydrogen pneumatic control check valve 5 closes, and hydrogen from the fuel cell stack 2 stops venting. The hydrogen pneumatic control solenoid valve 4 returns to its original position, completing the hydrogen venting process. The air venting process is similar to the hydrogen venting process.

[0065] Figure 4This demonstrates the pressure maintenance process after the hydrogen path of the fuel cell is vented: After the hydrogen path is vented, hydrogen at a certain pressure needs to be stored inside the fuel cell stack 2 to react with the residual oxygen on the air side. The motor ball screw is compressed to its limit position by the spring 103. During the compression process, the left and right ends of the gas-controlled pressure maintenance valve 9 are evacuated to a certain degree of vacuum. Throughout the process, the pressure in the left control chamber of the gas-controlled pressure maintenance valve 9 is higher than that in the throttling orifice storage chamber 8, so the gas-controlled pressure maintenance valve 9 remains closed during the descent of the motor ball screw. As gas continuously enters the upper chamber of the motor ball screw from the inlet throttling orifice 13, the pressure gradually returns to atmospheric pressure. At this time, the pressure in the left end of the gas-controlled pressure maintenance valve 9 is lower than that in the right control chamber due to the throttling orifice storage chamber 8. The gas-controlled pressure maintenance valve 9 is then opened, and hydrogen from inside the nitrogen accumulator 10 enters the fuel cell stack 2 to maintain a certain hydrogen concentration and react with the oxygen that has permeated from the air side.

[0066] Compared with existing technologies, the fuel cell stack safety structure provided in this embodiment features a delayed-closing pneumatically controlled solenoid valve. When an abnormal power failure is detected, the valve can delay closing for a period of time, allowing gas to escape from the stack 2. However, under conditions of low temperature or low pressure inside the stack 2, the gas flow rate is slow, making it difficult to completely vent the gas. Therefore, a vacuuming structure is added at the outlet to increase the flow rate and improve the venting speed by reducing the outlet pressure. This structure mainly consists of a combination of a motor 101 and a ball screw 102. Under normal conditions, the motor 101 drives the ball screw 102 back to its original position and compresses the internal spring 103. When the screw reaches a specific position, it stops through a mechanical limit switch. When an abnormal power failure signal is detected, the locked position opens, and the ball screw 102, under the action of the spring 103, compresses the gas in the lower chamber. The flowing gas can create a certain vacuum at the outlet, increasing the pressure drop between the inside and outside of the stack 2, increasing the flow rate, and shortening the venting time.

[0067] This embodiment aims to address the problem that water vapor, hydrogen, and air inside the fuel cell stack 2 cannot be discharged in time due to abnormal power outages or short low-temperature purging times, leading to water freezing or reverse polarity issues. It achieves this by designing a combination of a delayed-closing solenoid valve and a ball screw 102. After the internal gas is purged, a small amount of oxygen may remain in the air path of the stack 2. A certain amount of hydrogen is then introduced into the hydrogen path via a nitrogen accumulator 10 to consume the oxygen, preventing reverse polarity during startup and improving the lifespan of the fuel cell engine.

[0068] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A safety structure for a fuel cell stack, comprising a gas storage chamber filling mechanism (1), a fuel cell stack (2), an anode structure, and a cathode structure, characterized in that, The anode structure includes a hydrogen inlet passage and a hydrogen storage chamber (3). The first outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism (1) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage chamber (3) through a hydrogen gas control solenoid valve (4). The second outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism (1) is connected to the inlet of a hydrogen gas control check valve (5). The outlet of the hydrogen gas control check valve (5) is connected to the anode exhaust structure. The valve body of the hydrogen gas control solenoid valve (4) is connected to the valve body of the hydrogen gas control check valve (5). When the water, hydrogen and air inside the fuel cell stack (2) cannot be discharged in time, the gas storage chamber filling mechanism (1) can compress the gas and enter the hydrogen storage chamber (3) through the hydrogen gas control solenoid valve (4), and the gas inlet flow rate of the hydrogen gas control solenoid valve (4) is greater than the gas exhaust flow rate of the hydrogen gas control one-way valve (5). The anode structure also includes a hydrogen injector (6), the first outlet of the gas storage chamber filling mechanism (1) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen injector (6), the first outlet of the hydrogen injector (6) is connected to the hydrogen gas control solenoid valve (4), and the second outlet is connected to the exhaust valve. The gas storage chamber inflation mechanism (1) includes a chamber, a motor ball screw, and a spring (103). The motor ball screw includes a motor (101) and a ball screw (102) connected to the motor shaft. The motor (101) is electrically connected to the controller. Under normal conditions, the motor ball screw compresses the spring (103) in the upper locked position. When the engine is abnormally powered off, the controller starts the motor (101) to drive the ball screw (102) structure to disengage from the locked position, and the spring (103) resets and compresses the gas in the cavity downward.

2. The fuel cell stack safety structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode structure also includes a hydrogen source (21), a pressure reducing valve (22), a main valve (23), a bypass valve (25), an ejector (24), a water distributor (26), a drain valve (28), and an exhaust valve (30). The hydrogen source (21) is connected to the pressure reducing valve (22), then to the main valve (23), then to the bypass valve (25) and the ejector (24) in parallel, and then to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack (2). The anode outlet of the fuel cell stack (2) is connected to the water distributor (26). The first outlet of the water distributor (26) is connected to the drain valve (28), and then to the exhaust valve (30). The outlet of the hydrogen pneumatic check valve (5) is connected to the inlet of the water distributor (26).

3. The fuel cell stack safety structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anode structure also includes a throttling orifice gas storage chamber (8), a gas-controlled pressure holding valve (9), and a nitrogen accumulator (10). The inlet of the throttling orifice gas storage chamber (8) is connected to the gas storage chamber filling mechanism (1), and the outlet is connected to the gas-controlled pressure holding valve (9). The outlet of the gas-controlled pressure holding valve (9) is connected to the inlet pipes of the nitrogen accumulator (10) and the ejector (24).

4. The fuel cell stack safety structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anode structure also includes a switching solenoid valve (11), one end of which is connected to the pipeline between the gas-controlled pressure holding valve (9) and the nitrogen accumulator (10), and the other end is connected to the inlet pipeline of the ejector (24).

5. The fuel cell stack safety structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode structure includes an air intake passage and an air storage chamber (14). The third outlet of the air storage chamber filling mechanism (1) is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber (14). The third outlet of the air storage chamber filling mechanism (1) is connected to the inlet of the air storage chamber (14) through an air-controlled solenoid valve (15). The fourth outlet of the air storage chamber filling mechanism (1) is connected to the inlet of an air-controlled one-way valve (16). The outlet of the air-controlled one-way valve (16) is connected to the cathode exhaust structure. The valve body of the air-controlled solenoid valve (15) is connected to the valve body of the air-controlled one-way valve (16).

6. The fuel cell stack safety structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cathode structure also includes a first air filter (31), a compressor (32), an electronically controlled three-way valve (33), a humidifier (34), and an exhaust throttle valve (35). The first air filter (31) is connected to the compressor (32), then to the electronically controlled three-way valve (33), and then to the first inlet of the humidifier (34). The first outlet of the humidifier (34) is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack (2). The cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack (2) is connected to the second inlet of the humidifier (34). The second outlet of the humidifier (34) is connected to the exhaust throttle valve (35).

7. The fuel cell stack safety structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cathode structure also includes an air injector (17), the inlet of which is connected to the second outlet of the air storage chamber filling mechanism (1), and the outlet of the tail exhaust throttle valve is connected to the outlet of the air injector (17).

8. A fuel cell stack system, characterized in that, Includes the fuel cell stack safety structure as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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