An energy storage device

Abstract

The application discloses an energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology, and designs the structure of the energy storage device, so that the transmission ions can be transmitted in the first structure and the second structure to form an internal loop; meanwhile, due to the existence of oxidizing substances and reducing substances, when the oxidizing substances undergo reduction reactions and the reducing substances undergo oxidation reactions, an oxidation-reduction potential difference can be formed; since the oxidation reactions and the reduction reactions continuously proceed, the oxidation-reduction potential difference can be continuously provided, and when an electric signal is outputted based on at least the oxidation-reduction potential difference, the electric signal can be continuously outputted at a high level, so that the energy storage device has a high output power density and good output stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and more particularly to an energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] Reverse electrodialysis is used to capture the osmotic energy of river and seawater in nature. Its principle is as follows: solutions of different concentrations are placed on either side of an ion-exchange membrane, creating a concentration difference that generates a potential difference, which in turn produces electrical energy. However, as the electrical energy is output, the concentration difference decreases, and the output gradually decreases, resulting in poor stability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an energy storage device to improve the output stability of an energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology.

[0004] This invention provides an energy storage device, comprising:

[0005] A first structure for providing an ion transport channel, and a second structure for providing the ion transport channel and transporting ions, wherein the first structure is in contact with the second structure;

[0006] A first current collector and a second current collector are used to output electrical signals to the outside. The first current collector overlaps with the first structure, and the second current collector overlaps with the second structure.

[0007] In addition, the oxidizing and reducing substances constituting the redox couple, wherein the oxidizing substance is in contact with the first structure and the first current collector respectively, and the reducing substance is in contact with the second structure and the second current collector respectively;

[0008] The transported ions are transported in the second structure and the first structure, and when the oxidizing substance undergoes a reduction reaction and the reducing substance undergoes an oxidation reaction, a redox potential difference is formed, and an electrical signal is output to the outside based at least on the redox potential difference.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0010] The present invention provides an energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology. The structure of the energy storage device is designed so that transport ions can be transported in the first structure and the second structure to form an internal loop. At the same time, due to the presence of oxidizing and reducing substances, an oxidation-reduction potential difference can be formed when the oxidizing substances undergo reduction and the reducing substances undergo oxidation. Since the oxidation and reduction reactions are continuous, an oxidation-reduction potential difference can be continuously provided. Therefore, when outputting an electrical signal based at least on the oxidation-reduction potential difference, a continuously high output of the electrical signal can be achieved, thereby enabling the energy storage device to have a high output power density and good output stability. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 5 The results of the timing potential test for energy storage device 1;

[0016] Figure 6 The results are from the cyclic voltammetry test of energy storage device 1.

[0017] Figure 7 The results of the timing potential test for energy storage device 2;

[0018] Figure 8 The results are from the cyclic voltammetry test of energy storage device 2.

[0019] Figure 9 The results of the timing potential test for energy storage device 3;

[0020] Figure 10 The results are from the cyclic voltammetry test of energy storage device 3.

[0021] Figure 11 The results of the timing potential test for energy storage device 4;

[0022] Figure 12 The results are the timing potential test results for energy storage device 5.

[0023] 101-First structure, 102-Second structure, 103-Oxidizing substance, 104-Reducing substance, 105-First current collector, 106-Second current collector, 107-Substrate, m1-First sealing shell, m2-Second sealing shell, n1-Gas inlet, n2-Structure inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of an energy storage device provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] This invention provides an energy storage device, such as... Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it may include:

[0026] A first structure 101 for providing an ion transport channel and a second structure 102 for providing an ion transport channel and transporting ions, wherein the first structure 101 is in contact with the second structure 102.

[0027] The first current collector 105 and the second current collector 106 are used to output electrical signals to the outside. The first current collector 105 overlaps with the first structure 101, and the second current collector 106 overlaps with the second structure 102.

[0028] In addition, the oxidizing substance 103 and the reducing substance 104 constituting the redox couple, the oxidizing substance 103 is in contact with the first structure 101 and the first current collector 105 respectively, and the reducing substance 104 is in contact with the second structure 102 and the second current collector 106 respectively.

[0029] In this process, transport ions are transported in the second structure 102 and the first structure 101, and when the oxidized substance 103 undergoes a reduction reaction and the reduced substance 104 undergoes an oxidation reaction, a redox potential difference is formed, and an electrical signal is output to the outside based at least on the redox potential difference.

[0030] To clarify, Figures 2 to 4 The views provided are all side views of the energy storage device. Figure 1 The image provided is a top view of the energy storage device.

[0031] Thus, based on reverse electrodialysis technology, the structure of the energy storage device was designed so that transported ions can be transported in the first and second structures to form an internal loop. At the same time, due to the presence of oxidizing and reducing substances, an oxidation-reduction potential difference can be formed when the oxidizing substances undergo reduction and the reducing substances undergo oxidation. Since the oxidation and reduction reactions are continuous, an oxidation-reduction potential difference can be continuously provided. Therefore, when outputting an electrical signal based at least on the oxidation-reduction potential difference, a continuously high output of the electrical signal can be achieved, thereby enabling the energy storage device to have a high output power density and good output stability.

[0032] Furthermore, the presence of the redox potential difference can accelerate the transport of transport ions between the first and second structures, enabling the transport ions to move rapidly between the first and second structures, thereby improving the output of the energy storage device.

[0033] It should be noted that when the transported ions do not move, since the second structure can provide ion transport channels and transported ions, and the first structure can provide ion transport channels, there is a concentration difference of transported ions between the first structure and the second structure. This concentration difference can generate a potential difference. Furthermore, during the redox reaction, a corresponding redox potential difference will be generated. In the initial stage of the energy storage device's discharge, the potential difference and the redox potential difference work together to enable the energy storage device to output electrical energy.

[0034] As the discharge proceeds, transport ions move from the second structure to the first structure, and this concentration difference gradually decreases, causing the corresponding potential difference to gradually decrease. During the continuous redox reaction, the redox potential difference still exists and remains stable. At this time, the output electrical energy is mainly provided by the redox potential difference, which can ensure the stable output of the energy storage device.

[0035] To clarify, if we consider the first structure, the first current collector, and the oxidizing substance as the first electrode, and the second structure, the second current collector, and the reducing substance as the second electrode, then: only the first structure in the first electrode and the second structure in the second electrode are in contact; the other structures in the first electrode and the other structures in the second electrode are not in contact, in order to avoid short circuits.

[0036] Furthermore, in the energy storage device provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage device can be regarded as an electrolyte-free battery. The first structure and the second structure can act as a separator, which has the functions of ion transport and separating current collectors. Thus, the power generation function can be realized with only the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby breaking through the structure of traditional batteries and making the structure of this type of battery simpler and the manufacturing cost lower.

[0037] Therefore, in some embodiments, the physical state of the oxidizing and / or reducing substances is: liquid or solid;

[0038] The energy storage device has a two-dimensional planar structure; that is, the energy storage device can be formed by stacking multiple thin films, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this allows the energy storage device to have a smaller thickness, thus giving it the characteristics of a two-dimensional planar structure.

[0039] Taking oxidizing substances as an example, oxidizing substances can be in a liquid state (such as...). Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the ellipse marked 103 represents the liquid oxidant. When making the energy storage device, the oxidant can be added dropwise to the overlapping area of ​​the first structure and the first current collector. Furthermore, the concentration of the oxidant can be adjusted. The higher the concentration, the more oxidant, the longer the reaction lasts, and the better the stability of the energy storage device output.

[0040] Alternatively, the oxidizing material can be a solid (e.g., but not limited to particles or thin films, such as...) Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the square marked 103 represents the oxide material film. When making the energy storage device, the oxide material can be made on the surface of the first current collector, and then the first structure can be made on the surface of the oxide material so that the oxide material can contact the first current collector and the first structure respectively, and the first current collector and the first structure overlap. In addition, the amount of oxide material can be adjusted (if the oxide material is particulate, the amount of particulate added can be adjusted; if the oxide material is a film, the thickness of the film can be adjusted). The more oxide material there is, the longer the reaction lasts, and the better the stability of the energy storage device output.

[0041] In this way, the physical states of oxidizing and / or reducing substances can be selected according to actual needs to adapt to different application scenarios and improve design flexibility; moreover, it can make the energy storage device a two-dimensional planar structure, breaking through the structure of traditional batteries, making the structure of the energy storage device simpler and easier to manufacture.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the physical state of the oxidizing substance is gaseous. The energy storage device also includes a first sealed shell m1, a portion of the first structure 101 and a portion of the first current collector 105 are disposed inside the first sealed shell m1, and the oxidizing substance is filled into the first sealed shell m1.

[0043] And / or, the physical state of the reducing substance is gaseous, and the energy storage device also includes a second sealed housing m2, a portion of the second structure 102 and a portion of the second current collector 106 are disposed inside the second sealed housing m2, and the reducing substance is filled into the second sealed housing m2.

[0044] Taking the first sealing shell m1 as an example, combined with Figure 2As shown, the first sealing housing m1 may have: a gas inlet n1 and a structural inlet n2. The gas inlet n1 is used to introduce gaseous oxidizing substances, and the structural inlet n2 is used to insert the first structure 101 and the first current collector 105, so that the oxidizing substances can contact the first structure 101 and the first current collector 105 respectively.

[0045] At the same time, the gas inlet n1 needs to be sealed to prevent gas leakage; similarly, after the first structure 101 and the first current collector 105 are inserted into the structure inlet n2, the structure inlet n2 also needs to be sealed to prevent gas leakage.

[0046] Furthermore, the first current collector 105, which is not inserted into the structure inlet n2, can be connected to a lead (not shown in the figure) to facilitate the output of electrical energy.

[0047] To clarify, Figure 2 The diagram does not explicitly identify oxidizing and reducing substances, but in reality, the first sealed housing m1 is filled with gaseous oxidizing substances, and the second sealed housing m2 is filled with gaseous reducing substances, which are simply not shown in the diagram.

[0048] Thus, even if the oxidizing and / or reducing substances are in a gaseous state, the energy storage device can still generate electricity, breaking the limitation that energy storage devices can only be made of liquid or solid state, and providing more possibilities for the selection of materials for energy storage devices.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the energy storage device may also include a substrate 107 for supporting the first current collector 105, the second current collector 106, the first structure 101, and the second structure 102.

[0050] Furthermore, when the oxidizing and / or reducing substances are in a gaseous state, the substrate can also be inserted into the structural inlet of the first sealing housing and / or into the structural inlet of the second sealing housing.

[0051] In some embodiments, the oxidizing substance includes:

[0052] Nitrates, nitrites, chlorates, hypochlorites, hypochlorites, peroxides, chromates, dichromates, manganates, permanganates, sulfates, persulfates, nonmetallic elements, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, oxygen, metal cations, metal cation salts and their complexes, potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, high-valence compounds containing variable valence elements, concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, manganese oxide, organic oxides, nitro compounds, nitroso compounds, and peroxyacids;

[0053] Reducing substances include:

[0054] Metallic elements, nonmetallic elements, hydroxides, low-valence metal ions and their compounds, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, oxides in low valence, nonmetallic hydrides, salts in low valence, organic reducing agents, ferrocene, ethanol, and methane, at least one of these.

[0055] Among them, oxidizing substances can be substances that can gain electrons, reducing substances can be substances that can lose electrons, and can also be substances that can transport ions.

[0056] Of course, in practice, oxidizing and reducing substances are not limited to the substances listed above; they can also be other oxidizing and reducing substances that can form redox couples, which are not limited here.

[0057] In some embodiments, the materials used to fabricate the first structure and / or the second structure include at least one of two-dimensional nanofluid materials, three-dimensional aerosol materials, and hydrogel materials.

[0058] The material used to fabricate the first structure can be at least one of two-dimensional nanofluid materials, three-dimensional aerosol materials, and hydrogel materials, and the material used to fabricate the second structure can be at least one of two-dimensional nanofluid materials, three-dimensional aerosol materials, and hydrogel materials. The materials used to fabricate the first structure and the second structure can be the same or different.

[0059] For example, taking the first structure as an example, the first structure can be a mixture of two-dimensional nanofluid materials and three-dimensional aerosol materials, that is, the three-dimensional aerosol material contains two-dimensional nanofluid materials. Of course, the specific materials of the first structure are not limited to this; this is just an example.

[0060] In this way, two-dimensional nanofluid materials, three-dimensional aerosol materials, and hydrogel materials can provide transport channels for transported ions, ensuring the effective transport of transported ions, thereby enabling energy storage devices to generate electricity effectively.

[0061] Of course, in practice, the materials used to fabricate the first and / or second structures are not limited to two-dimensional nanofluid materials, three-dimensional aerosol materials, and hydrosol materials. They can also be other materials that can provide ion transport channels, and are not limited here.

[0062] In some embodiments, the two-dimensional nanofluid material includes:

[0063] At least one of the following: nanostructured carbon, nanostructured silicon, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, MoS2, boron nitride, carbon nitride, covalent organic framework materials (such as MOFs, COFs, ZIFs), protein nanowires, cellulose, silk, montmorillonite, and nanofiber composite materials.

[0064] Of course, in practice, two-dimensional nanofluid materials are not limited to the materials listed above, but can also be other two-dimensional nanofluid materials, which are not limited here.

[0065] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional aerosol material and the hydrosol material can be any material that can provide ion transport channels, and are not limited thereto.

[0066] In some embodiments, the second structure is conductive, and the first structure is made of an insulating material.

[0067] Since the second structure can provide ion transport, it can be conductive. In this case, the first structure needs to be made of insulating material, that is, the first structure needs to be non-conductive, in order to avoid short circuit between the first current collector and the second current collector, and to avoid contact between oxidizing and reducing substances, thereby avoiding contact reaction when oxidizing and reducing substances come into contact, which would lead to failure to generate electricity normally.

[0068] In some embodiments, the hydration radius of the transported ions is less than 10 nm.

[0069] In other words, transport ions with small hydration radii can be selected so that they can move effectively in the ion transport channel, thereby enabling the energy storage device to generate electricity effectively.

[0070] In some embodiments, ion transport includes:

[0071] At least one of the following: hydrogen ion, lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, aluminum ion, iron ion, ferrous ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion, hydroxide ion, fluoride ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, and metal complex ion.

[0072] In some embodiments, the materials used to fabricate the first current collector and / or the second current collector may include one or more of the following: elemental metals (e.g., but not limited to, silver, gold, iron, copper, aluminum), conductive non-metallic elements (e.g., but not limited to, carbon), graphene, reduced graphene oxide, organic conductive polymers, etc.

[0073] In some embodiments, the contact types between the first structure and the second structure may include the following:

[0074] 1. The first structure 101 and the second structure 102 are arranged side by side and their edges are in contact, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0075] 2. The first structure 101 and the second structure 102 overlap at least partially, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0076] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first structure 101 and the second structure 102 partially overlap;

[0077] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, taking the oxide and reducing substances as solid thin films as an example, the first structure 101, the second structure 102, the first current collector 105, the second current collector 106, the oxide film (i.e., 103), and the reducing film (i.e., 104) are stacked. In order to avoid short circuit between the first current collector 105 and the second current collector 106, and to avoid contact between the oxide film 103 and the reducing film 104, if the first structure 101 is made of an insulating material, the size of the first structure 101 can be made larger to achieve the isolation between the first current collector 105 and the second current collector 106, as well as the isolation between the oxide film 103 and the reducing film 104.

[0078] In some embodiments, regardless of the contact type of the first structure and the second structure described above, taking the oxidizing and reducing substances as solid films as an example, the sizes of the first structure, the second structure, the first current collector, the second current collector, the oxidizing substance film, and the reducing substance film can all be set according to actual needs. Furthermore, the size relationship between the first structure and the second structure is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention, nor is the size relationship between the first current collector and the second current collector, nor is the size relationship between the oxidizing substance film and the reducing substance film limited.

[0079] It should be noted that when the first and second structures overlap at least partially, it can help reduce the transmission resistance of the transported ions. The larger the overlap area, the greater the reduction in transmission resistance, which is more conducive to the transmission of transported ions in the ion transport channel. This results in a larger output current of the energy storage device and a better output performance of the energy storage device.

[0080] In some embodiments, for the second structure, the second current collector, and the reducing material, only the second structure and the second current collector can be manufactured, and some of the materials in the second current collector and the second structure can be used together as the reducing material, that is, reused as the reducing material. In this case, there is no need to manufacture the reducing material, so as to simplify the structure of the energy storage device and reduce the manufacturing difficulty and manufacturing cost.

[0081] The energy storage device provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples.

[0082] Example 1:

[0083] 1. Specific structure of energy storage device 1:

[0084] The first structure is graphene oxide, with silver nitrate as the oxidizing agent. The second structure is a homogeneous mixture of lithium iodide and reduced graphene oxide. Both the first and second current collectors are metallic silver. In this case, lithium iodide and metallic silver can work together as reducing agents, and the transported ions are lithium ions with small hydration radii.

[0085] 2. Performance testing of energy storage device 1:

[0086] The energy storage device 1 was subjected to chronopotential testing using an electrochemical workstation. The test conditions included a test temperature of 25°C and a test humidity of 80%. The test results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, energy storage device 1 can maintain an output voltage of around 0.95V at a current density of 1μA and can stably output for more than 10 hours, with an output power density of up to 250mWh / cm³. 3 The above performance is comparable to that of a lithium manganese oxide battery, indicating that energy storage device 1 can achieve the performance of a conventional lithium manganese oxide battery. Figure 5 In the diagram, the horizontal axis "time" represents time, and the vertical axis "voltage" represents voltage.

[0087] Cyclic voltammetry testing was conducted on energy storage device 1 using an electrochemical workstation. The test conditions included a test temperature of 25°C and a test humidity of 80%. The test results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, at a voltage scan rate of 0.02V / s, energy storage device 1 exhibits a discharge plateau of approximately 0.9V within the voltage range of 0V to 1V. This corresponds to the redox potential difference between the reduction reaction of the oxidizing substance and the oxidation reaction of the reducing substance in energy storage device 1. Figure 6 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents voltage, and the vertical axis represents current.

[0088] In energy storage device 1, the reduction reaction of the oxidizing substance is as follows: Ag + +e - →Ag, the redox potential of the reaction is 0.80V; the oxidation reaction of the reducing substance is: Ag + I⁻ - →AgI+e - The redox potential at which the reaction occurs is -0.15V; at this point, the redox potential difference is: 0.80V - (-0.15V) = 0.95V, which is consistent with... Figure 5 and Figure 6 The results shown are very similar.

[0089] Therefore, in energy storage device 1, the oxidized material gains electrons and undergoes a reduction reaction, while the reduced material loses electrons and undergoes an oxidation reaction, forming a redox potential difference that provides output voltage and output current for the energy storage device. At the same time, the occurrence of the redox reaction accelerates the transport of lithium ions from the second structure to the first structure. While forming the internal circuit of the battery, it also accelerates the movement of lithium ions inside the battery, thereby enabling energy storage device 1 to have a high output power density and a relatively stable output.

[0090] Example 2:

[0091] 1. Specific structure of energy storage device 2:

[0092] The first structure is graphene oxide, with silver nitrate as the oxidizing agent. The second structure is a homogeneous mixture of lithium bromide and reduced graphene oxide. Both the first and second current collectors are metallic silver. In this case, lithium bromide and metallic silver can work together as reducing agents, and the transported ions are lithium ions with small hydration radii.

[0093] 2. Performance testing of energy storage device 2:

[0094] The energy storage device 2 was subjected to chronopotential testing using an electrochemical workstation. The testing conditions included a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 80%. The test results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the energy storage device 2 can maintain an output voltage of around 0.69V at a current density of 1μA and can output stably for more than 6 hours, with an output power density of up to 150mWh / cm³. 3 That's all. Figure 7 In the diagram, the horizontal axis "time" represents time, and the vertical axis "voltage" represents voltage.

[0095] Cyclic voltammetry tests were conducted on energy storage device 2 using an electrochemical workstation. The test conditions included a test temperature of 25°C and a test humidity of 80%. The test results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, at a voltage scan rate of 0.02V / s, energy storage device 2 exhibits a discharge plateau of approximately 0.7V within the voltage range of 0V to 1V. This corresponds to the redox potential difference between the reduction reaction of the oxidizing substance and the oxidation reaction of the reducing substance in energy storage device 2. Figure 8 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents voltage, and the vertical axis represents current.

[0096] In energy storage device 2, the reduction reaction of the oxidizing substance is as follows: Ag + +e - →Ag, the redox potential of the reaction is 0.80V; the oxidation reaction of the reducing substance is: Ag + Br - →AgBr+e -The redox potential at which the reaction occurs is 0.07V; at this point, the redox potential difference is: 0.80V - 0.07V = 0.73V, which is consistent with... Figure 7 and Figure 8 The results shown are very similar.

[0097] Therefore, in the energy storage device 2, the oxidized material gains electrons and undergoes a reduction reaction, while the reduced material loses electrons and undergoes an oxidation reaction, forming a redox potential difference that provides the energy storage device with output voltage and output current. At the same time, the occurrence of the redox reaction accelerates the transport of lithium ions from the second structure to the first structure. While forming the internal circuit of the battery, it also accelerates the movement of lithium ions inside the battery, thereby enabling the energy storage device 2 to have a high output power density and a relatively stable output.

[0098] Example 3:

[0099] 1. Specific structure of energy storage device 3:

[0100] The first structure is graphene oxide, with silver nitrate as the oxidizing agent. The second structure is a homogeneous mixture of lithium chloride and reduced graphene oxide. Both the first and second current collectors are metallic silver. In this case, lithium chloride and metallic silver can work together as reducing agents, and the transported ions are lithium ions with small hydration radii.

[0101] 2. Performance testing of energy storage device 3:

[0102] The energy storage device 3 was subjected to chronopotential testing using an electrochemical workstation. The testing conditions included a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 80%. The test results are as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the energy storage device 3 can maintain an output voltage of around 0.53V at a current density of 1μA and can output stably for more than 4 hours, with an output power density of up to 80mWh / cm³. 3 That's all. Figure 9 In the diagram, the horizontal axis "time" represents time, and the vertical axis "voltage" represents voltage.

[0103] Cyclic voltammetry tests were conducted on energy storage device 3 using an electrochemical workstation. The test conditions included a test temperature of 25°C and a test humidity of 80%. The test results are as follows: Figure 10 As shown, at a voltage scan rate of 0.02V / s, energy storage device 1 exhibits a discharge plateau of approximately 0.7V within the voltage range of 0V to 1V. This corresponds to the redox potential difference between the reduction reaction of the oxidizing substance and the oxidation reaction of the reducing substance in energy storage device 1. Figure 10 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents voltage, and the vertical axis represents current.

[0104] In the energy storage device 3, the reduction reaction of the oxidizing substance is as follows: Ag + +e - →Ag, the redox potential of the reaction is 0.80V; the oxidation reaction of the reducing substance is: Ag + Cl - →AgCl+e - The redox potential at which the reaction occurs is 0.22V; at this point, the redox potential difference is: 0.80V - 0.22V = 0.58V, which is consistent with... Figure 9 and Figure 10 The results shown are very close.

[0105] Therefore, in the energy storage device 3, the oxidized material gains electrons and undergoes a reduction reaction, while the reduced material loses electrons and undergoes an oxidation reaction, forming a redox potential difference that provides the energy storage device with output voltage and output current. At the same time, the occurrence of the redox reaction accelerates the transport of lithium ions from the second structure to the first structure. While forming the internal circuit of the battery, it also accelerates the movement of lithium ions inside the battery, thereby enabling the energy storage device 3 to have a high output power density and a relatively stable output.

[0106] Example 4:

[0107] 1. Specific structure of energy storage device 4:

[0108] The first structure is graphene oxide, with silver nitrate as the oxidizing agent. The second structure is a homogeneous mixture of sodium chloride and reduced graphene oxide. Both the first current collector and the second current collector are metallic silver. In this case, sodium chloride and metallic silver can work together as reducing agents, and the transported ion is sodium ion with a small hydration radius.

[0109] 2. Performance testing of energy storage device 4:

[0110] The energy storage device 4 was subjected to chronopotential testing using an electrochemical workstation. The testing conditions included a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 80%. The test results are as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the energy storage device 4 can maintain an output voltage of around 0.5V at a current density of 1μA and can output stably for more than 3 hours, with an output power density of up to 6mWh / cm³. 3 That's all. Figure 11 In the diagram, the horizontal axis "time" represents time, and the vertical axis "voltage" represents voltage.

[0111] In the energy storage device 4, the reduction reaction of the oxidizing substance is as follows: Ag + +e - →Ag, the redox potential of the reaction is 0.80V; the oxidation reaction of the reducing substance is: Ag + Cl - →AgCl+e- The redox potential at which the reaction occurs is 0.22V; at this point, the redox potential difference is: 0.80V - 0.22V = 0.58V, which is consistent with... Figure 11 The results shown are very close.

[0112] Therefore, in the energy storage device 4, the oxidized material gains electrons and undergoes a reduction reaction, while the reduced material loses electrons and undergoes an oxidation reaction, forming a redox potential difference that provides the energy storage device with output voltage and output current. At the same time, the occurrence of the redox reaction accelerates the transport of sodium ions from the second structure to the first structure. While forming the internal circuit of the battery, it also accelerates the movement of sodium ions inside the battery, thereby enabling the energy storage device 4 to have a high output power density and a relatively stable output.

[0113] Example 5:

[0114] 1. Specific structure of energy storage device 5:

[0115] The first structure is graphene oxide, with potassium ferricyanide as the oxidizing agent. The second structure is a homogeneous mixture of potassium hydroxide and reduced graphene oxide, with ferrocene as the reducing agent (dissolved in liquid paraffin). Both the first and second current collectors are metallic silver, and the transported ions are potassium ions with small hydration radii.

[0116] 2. Performance testing of energy storage device 5:

[0117] The energy storage device 5 was subjected to chronopotential testing using an electrochemical workstation. The testing conditions included a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 80%. The test results are as follows: Figure 12 As shown, the energy storage device 5 can maintain an output voltage of around 0.5V at a current density of 1μA and can stably output for more than 2500s. Figure 12 In the diagram, the horizontal axis "time" represents time, and the vertical axis "voltage" represents voltage.

[0118] In energy storage device 5, the reduction reaction of the oxidizing substance is: [Fe(CN)6] 3- +e - →[Fe(CN)6] 4- The redox potential for the reaction is 0.36V; the oxidation reaction of the reducing substance is: Fe(C5H5)2→[Fe(η 5 -C5H5)2] + +e - The redox potential at which the reaction occurs is -0.2V; at this point, the redox potential difference is: 0.36V - (-0.2V) = 0.56V, which is consistent with... Figure 12 The results shown are very similar.

[0119] Therefore, in the energy storage device 5, the oxidized material gains electrons and undergoes a reduction reaction, while the reduced material loses electrons and undergoes an oxidation reaction, forming a redox potential difference that provides the energy storage device with output voltage and output current. At the same time, the occurrence of the redox reaction accelerates the transport of sodium ions from the second structure to the first structure. While forming the internal circuit of the battery, it also accelerates the movement of sodium ions inside the battery, thereby enabling the energy storage device 5 to have a high output power density and a relatively stable output.

[0120] It should be emphasized that the energy storage device provided in the embodiments of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0121] 1. When this energy storage device is used in the field of energy storage and reverse electrodialysis systems, it can provide a stable voltage output platform and has a high energy density.

[0122] 2. The energy storage device has simple manufacturing process, is environmentally friendly, has high energy density, long service life, high cost performance, is easy to mass-produce, and is suitable for industrial production.

[0123] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology, characterized in that, include: A first structure for providing an ion transport channel, and a second structure for providing the ion transport channel and transporting ions, wherein the first structure is in contact with the second structure; A first current collector and a second current collector are used to output electrical signals to the outside. The first current collector overlaps with the first structure, and the second current collector overlaps with the second structure. In addition, the oxidizing and reducing substances constituting the redox couple, wherein the oxidizing substance is in contact with the first structure and the first current collector respectively, and the reducing substance is in contact with the second structure and the second current collector respectively; The material used to fabricate the first structure includes at least one of two-dimensional nanofluid materials, three-dimensional aerosol materials, and hydrogel materials; the material used to fabricate the second structure includes at least one of two-dimensional nanofluid materials, three-dimensional aerosol materials, and hydrogel materials, and the material used to fabricate the second structure further includes a compound containing the transport ions; The transported ions are transported in the second structure and the first structure, and when the oxidizing substance undergoes a reduction reaction and the reducing substance undergoes an oxidation reaction, a redox potential difference is formed, and an electrical signal is output to the outside based at least on the redox potential difference.

2. The energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The physical state of the oxidizing substance and / or the reducing substance is: liquid or solid; The energy storage device has a two-dimensional planar structure.

3. The energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The physical state of the oxidizing substance is gaseous. The energy storage device also includes a first sealed shell, a portion of the first structure and a portion of the first current collector are disposed inside the first sealed shell, and the oxidizing substance is filled into the first sealed shell. And / or, the reducing substance is in a gaseous state, and the energy storage device further includes a second sealed housing, a portion of the second structure and a portion of the second current collector are disposed within the second sealed housing, and the reducing substance is filled into the second sealed housing.

4. The energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The oxidizing substances include: Nitrates, nitrites, chlorates, hypochlorites, hypochlorites, peroxides, chromates, dichromates, manganates, permanganates, sulfates, persulfates, nonmetallic elements, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, oxygen, metal cations, metal cation salts and their complexes, potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, high-valence compounds containing variable valence elements, concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, manganese oxide, organic oxides, nitro compounds, nitroso compounds, and peroxyacids; The reducing agent includes: Metallic elements, nonmetallic elements, hydroxides, low-valence metal ions and their compounds, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, oxides in low valence, nonmetallic hydrides, salts in low valence, organic reducing agents, ferrocene, ethanol, and methane, at least one of these.

5. The energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two-dimensional nanofluid material includes: At least one of the following: nanostructured carbon, nanostructured silicon, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, MoS2, boron nitride, carbon nitride, covalent organic framework materials, protein nanowires, cellulose, silk, montmorillonite, and nanofiber composite materials.

6. The energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second structure is conductive, while the first structure is made of insulating material.

7. The energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first structure and the second structure overlap at least partially.

8. The energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydration radius of the transport ion is less than 10 nm.

9. The energy storage device based on reverse electrodialysis technology as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The transported ions include: At least one of the following: hydrogen ion, lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, aluminum ion, iron ion, ferrous ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion, hydroxide ion, fluoride ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, and metal complex ion.

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