Method for preparing land and constructing planting soil layer structure for orange orchard on red soil slope

Abstract

The invention provides a method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction of an orange orchard on a red soil slope, comprising: preparing a red soil slope surface to form a plurality of planting strips; excavating planting pits at equal intervals in the planting strips, and reserving topsoil, raw soil, and harvested original vegetation obtained during the preparation of the red soil slope surface for standby use; laying a first soil layer formed by mixing original vegetation and topsoil, and a second soil layer formed by mixing organic fertilizer and raw soil in the planting pits from bottom to top, wherein the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content in the range of 43%-45%, a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the range of 5%-10%, and a bacterial population of not less than 20 million / g; a charcoal soil layer formed by mixing biochar and raw soil, and finally laying straw on the charcoal soil layer. The construction method provided by the application forms a three-dimensional nutrient activation technology in the planting pits, which comprises a straw surface covering + an upper layer mixed with biochar and raw soil + a lower layer mixed with organic fertilizer and raw soil + a bottom layer deep fertilization with topsoil and straw, thereby forming a fertile tillage layer structure, thereby greatly improving the soil fertility and drought resistance and moisture conservation capacity of citrus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a method for preparing land for an orange orchard on a red soil slope and establishing a planting soil layer structure. Background Art

[0002] Red soil is one of my country's important tropical soil resources. It contains numerous tetracoordinate and hexacoordinate metal compounds, including iron and aluminum compounds. Red soil iron compounds often include limonite and hematite, with hematite being particularly abundant. Red soils are widely distributed across southern provinces and regions, often in mountainous and hilly areas. These regions are a breeding ground for citrus and other fruit trees.

[0003] Currently, citrus cultivation on red soil slopes is mostly carried out by excavating the slopes into terraces, performing full-scale land preparation, and then excavating planting pits on the terraces for fruit tree planting. However, in red soil areas, uneven temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall is common. Periods when fruit trees require more water overlap with periods of low rainfall, high temperatures, and strong evaporation. Rainfall is heavy and concentrated in winter and spring, when fruit trees require less water. The current traditional method of backfilling planting pits with red soil results in poor moisture retention, drought resistance, and air and water permeability for fruit trees, which can easily lead to tree death during dry seasons with little rainfall. During periods of concentrated rainfall, excess water from the roots cannot be expelled in time, remaining in the soil and hindering root respiration and nutrient absorption. Furthermore, full-scale land preparation leaves large areas of soil exposed on the hillsides, triggering severe soil erosion and having a significant negative impact on the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction of red soil slope orange orchards to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction of an orange orchard on a red soil slope, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Arranging the red soil slope surface to form a plurality of strip-shaped planting strips on the red soil slope surface;

[0007] A number of planting pits of preset depths are dug at equal intervals in the planting strips, and the topsoil, raw soil, and harvested original vegetation obtained during the preparation of the red soil slope are piled up separately for future use;

[0008] Laying the harvested original vegetation at the bottom of the planting pit to form a vegetation filling layer, backfilling the vegetation filling layer with the topsoil, and allowing the topsoil to seep into the gaps in the vegetation filling layer to form a first soil layer;

[0009] Mixing a portion of the raw soil with organic fertilizer to form organic soil, and backfilling the organic soil onto the top of the first soil layer to form a second soil layer, wherein the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content in the range of 43%-45%, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the range of 5%-10%, and a bacterial population of not less than 20 million / g;

[0010] Mixing part of the raw soil with biochar to form charcoal soil, wherein the biochar is granular biochar;

[0011] Planting citrus seedlings on the second soil layer, and backfilling the charcoal soil around the roots of the citrus seedlings until the planting pit is filled;

[0012] The charcoal soil is covered with straw of a preset thickness to complete the construction of the planting soil layer structure.

[0013] Preferably, the step of tidying up the red soil slope to form a plurality of strip-shaped planting strips on the red soil slope comprises:

[0014] Obtaining a slope angle θ of the red soil slope, and dividing the red soil slope into a plurality of land preparation strips according to the slope angle and a preset ridge height H;

[0015] Taking the center of the land preparation strip as the base surface, the land preparation strip is divided into an excavation section and a filling section, and red soil excavated from the excavation section is filled into the filling section to form the planting strip.

[0016] Preferably, the calculation formula for the width L of the land leveling strip is:

[0017]

[0018] The calculation formula for the width W of the planting strip is:

[0019]

[0020] Where θ is the slope angle and H is the height of the field ridge.

[0021] Preferably, after obtaining the slope angle θ of the red soil slope and dividing the red soil slope into a plurality of land preparation strips according to the slope angle and a preset ridge height H, the method further includes:

[0022] Preserve the original vegetation of the first land preparation strip along the direction from the top of the red soil slope to the foot of the mountain;

[0023] Harvesting the original vegetation on the surface of the remaining land preparation strips to form a plurality of preparation strips, and performing excavation and filling operations on the plurality of preparation strips to form a structure in which the preparation strips and the first planting strips are arranged at intervals on the red soil slope;

[0024] The citrus seedlings are planted in the first planting strip, and soil protection vegetation is planted in the remaining prepared strips.

[0025] Preferably, after planting the citrus seedlings in the first planting strip and planting soil protection vegetation in the remaining prepared strips, the method further comprises:

[0026] When the citrus saplings mature after a preset time, the soil protection vegetation in the prepared strip is removed;

[0027] Excavation and filling operations are performed on the prepared strip where the soil-protecting vegetation has been removed, so that the prepared strip where the soil-protecting vegetation has been removed forms a second planting strip;

[0028] Repeat the above-mentioned operation of planting citrus on the second planting strip to complete the overall planting of citrus on the red soil slope.

[0029] Preferably, the preset time is 4-6 years.

[0030] Preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the first soil layer to the depth of the planting pit is 1:5-1:4, and the ratio of the second soil layer to the depth of the planting pit is 1:5-1:4.

[0031] Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to part of the raw soil is 1:25-1:35, and the mixing mass ratio of the biochar to part of the raw soil is 1:25-1:35.

[0032] Preferably, the biochar is rice husk biochar.

[0033] Preferably, the distance between the planting pits is at least 4m.

[0034] The present invention provides a new citrus planting scheme on red soil slopes. First, the red soil slope is sorted to form a plurality of strip-shaped planting strips on the red soil slope. Sorting the red soil slope can improve the land utilization rate of the slope. A plurality of planting pits of preset depths are excavated at equal intervals on the planting strips. Then, a first soil layer of soil and straw is arranged at the bottom of the planting pits. A second soil layer of organic fertilizer and soil is arranged on the first soil layer. A charcoal soil layer of biochar and soil is arranged on the second soil layer. Finally, a soil structure of straw is covered on the charcoal soil layer. Through a step-by-step constructed deep fertilization technology combination, the soil structure is improved and the soil's drought resistance and moisture retention capacity are enhanced. Furthermore, the citrus planting on the entire red soil slope is carried out in stages. First, a structure in which citrus and soil-protecting vegetation are arranged at intervals is carried out. In the early stage of development, soil and water loss can be greatly reduced. After the citrus trees mature and the soil-fixing effect is enhanced, the soil-protecting vegetation is removed and the second batch of citrus is planted to ensure the ecological benefits of the orchard. The invention is suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0035] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure establishment for a red soil slope orange orchard in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the red soil slope preparation process in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the soil layer structure of the planting pit of the present invention.

[0039] Main reference numerals;

[0040] 10, first soil layer; 20, second soil layer; 30, charcoal soil layer; 40, straw covering layer.

[0041] The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with the above-mentioned drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the present invention.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0044] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , shown is a method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction of a red soil slope orange orchard provided by the present invention, including steps S10 to S70;

[0045] S10, arranging the red soil slope surface to form a plurality of planting strips on the red soil slope surface;

[0046] Before planting citrus on a hillside, the hillside must first be prepared to meet the requirements of complex citrus planting. The preparation of the developed hillside is mainly based on the topography of the land to be developed. On the one hand, it is convenient for fruit farmers to pick fruits in the future, and on the other hand, it improves the overall utilization rate of the slope. The commonly used land preparation method is to excavate and backfill the red soil slope to form a number of gradually rising terraced structures, and fruit trees are planted at equal distances on each terrace.

[0047] Optionally, before preparing the red soil slope, first obtain the slope angle θ of the slope according to the topography, and then divide the red soil slope into several preparation strips according to the preset ridge height. The ridge height refers to the difference in height of different strip terrace structures. Considering the safety of orchard managers and the convenience of picking, the ridge height can generally be predetermined according to the variety of fruit trees. When planting citrus, the ridge height should not be higher than 1m. Optionally, the ridge height is 0.8m, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the width L of the tillage strip can be calculated based on the ridge height H and the slope angle θ, and the number of tillage strips can be determined based on the overall topography of the red soil slope. Specifically, the calculation formula for the width L of the tillage strip is:

[0048]

[0049] Where L is the width of the tillage strip, θ is the slope angle, and H is the ridge height.

[0050] It is understandable that the land preparation strip is an inclined slope surface, which is not suitable for planting crops and needs to be prepared. Optionally, the land preparation strip is divided into an excavation section and a filling section with the center of the land preparation strip as the base surface. The excavation section is located in the upslope section of the base surface, and the filling section is located in the downslope section of the base surface. The soil of the excavation section on the upslope is filled into the downslope filling section, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of the slope land. After the soil of the excavation section is filled into the filling section, a planting strip is formed. The planting strip is strip-shaped on the slope surface, and several citrus seedlings can be planted at equal intervals on the strip-shaped planting strip. It is understandable that the excess soil in the excavation section or the insufficient soil in the filling section can be flexibly stacked or obtained according to the on-site conditions. It is not limited here. Specifically, the calculation formula for the width W of the planting strip is:

[0051]

[0052] Where W is the width of the tillage strip, θ is the slope angle, and H is the ridge height.

[0053] In addition, there is more or less original vegetation growing naturally on the red soil slope to be developed. Therefore, the original vegetation needs to be harvested first. In the existing orchard development process, most of the original vegetation is burned or directly treated pollution-free after harvesting, resulting in a waste of resources. Optionally, the harvested original vegetation can be retained for future use.

[0054] S20, excavating a plurality of planting pits of preset depths at equal intervals in the planting strip, and piling the topsoil, raw soil, and harvested original vegetation obtained during the preparation of the red soil slope for future use;

[0055] During the specific implementation, a number of planting pits of preset depths are dug at equal intervals on the strip planting strip formed in step S10. The depth and width of the planting pits can be determined accordingly according to the type of fruit trees. Optionally, the width and depth of the planting pits for planting citrus can both be 1m. The topsoil and raw soil generated during the preparation of the red soil slope are retained for future use. The topsoil is generally the soil at a depth of about 10cm below the slope.

[0056] S30, laying the harvested original vegetation at the bottom of the planting pit to form a vegetation filling layer, backfilling the topsoil on the vegetation filling layer, and allowing the topsoil to seep into the gaps in the vegetation filling layer to form a first soil layer.

[0057] In the traditional fruit tree planting process, the fruit trees are planted in the planting pits after they are dug, and then fertilization is directly carried out and backfilling is carried out; different from the existing technology, the present application lays a certain thickness of retained original vegetation at the bottom of the dug planting pit to form a vegetation filling layer, and then backfills the topsoil of the red soil slope on the laid original vegetation (straw) to form a straw + topsoil backfill layer. The topsoil is relatively loose and can easily enter the gaps in the laid vegetation and fill and compact it to form a first soil layer 10 in the planting pit. Optionally, the ratio of the thickness of the first soil layer to the depth of the planting pit is 1:5-1:4. Specifically, the thickness of the first soil layer is 25 cm.

[0058] Optionally, if the original vegetation is insufficient, common non-degradable plants such as Dicranopteris dichotoma and Pampas grass, or branches and leaves of small shrubs, can be used to supplement the soil layer to reach the preset thickness. The first soil layer is located at the bottom of the constructed soil layer, making full use of the shrubs and weeds from surface preparation for deep fertilization, improving resource utilization. It can also increase the permeability and air permeability of the deep soil, providing a good soil environment for the subsequent full utilization of organic fertilizers and effective drainage in rainy environments.

[0059] S40, mixing part of the raw soil with organic fertilizer to form organic soil, and backfilling the organic soil onto the top of the first soil layer to form a second soil layer, wherein the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content in the range of 43%-45%; a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the range of 5%-10%, and a bacterial population of not less than 20 million / g.

[0060] In specific implementation, in order to provide sufficient nutrients to the newly planted fruit tree seedlings and improve the survival rate of the new fruit tree seedlings, organic fertilizer needs to be pre-arranged at the bottom of the fruit trees. In the existing planting process, a layer of fertilizer is generally laid at the bottom or around the planted seedlings. However, directly laying fertilizer can easily cause "root burn". Therefore, in this application, part of the raw soil and organic fertilizer are fully mixed in advance to form organic soil, and then the organic soil is backfilled to the top of the first soil layer to obtain an organic fertilizer + raw soil mixed layer to form a second soil layer 20; optionally, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is in the range of 43%-45%; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is in the range of 5%-10%, the number of bacterial colonies is not less than 20 million / g, and the mixing mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to part of the raw soil is 1:25-1:35; specifically, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is 43% by weight, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5%, the number of bacterial colonies is 20 million / g, and the mixing mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the raw soil is 1:25.

[0061] When planting citrus seedlings, the root ball of the citrus seedlings is located above the second soil layer. The second soil layer can be used as base fertilizer to promote the downward growth of the roots. It is recommended to use biological organic fertilizer as the best organic fertilizer. This type of organic fertilizer can replenish deep soil microorganisms, organic matter, and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a short period of time, thereby promoting the maturation of deep soil and the decomposition of backfill plants, and balancing the nutrient ratio of deep soil. Optionally, the ratio of the second soil layer to the depth of the planting pit is 1:5-1:4. Specifically, the thickness of the second soil layer is 25 cm.

[0062] S50, mixing part of the raw soil with biochar to form charcoal soil, wherein the biochar is granular biochar.

[0063] In practice, to promote root respiration in fruit tree seedlings, the soil near the roots of the backfilled seedlings needs to be treated. Optionally, the raw soil and biochar should be thoroughly mixed. Based on biochar's nutrient retention, granular biochar is recommended; alternatively, rice husk charcoal can be used for granular biochar. Optionally, the biochar to raw soil mass ratio is 1:25-1:35; preferably, the biochar to raw soil mass ratio is 1:25.

[0064] S60, planting citrus seedlings on the second soil layer, and backfilling the charcoal soil around the root systems of the citrus seedlings until the planting pit is filled.

[0065] In a specific implementation, the root ball of the citrus sapling is planted on the second soil layer, ensuring that the root ball is in contact with the second soil layer. The charcoal soil prepared in step S50 is then backfilled into the planting pit to form a biochar + raw soil mixed layer, until the planting pit is completely filled, forming a charcoal soil layer 30. Optionally, by utilizing the loose, porous, and alkaline properties of biochar, adding biochar to the soil can improve soil acidification caused by excessive fertilizer application in red soil orchards, for example, and increase the retention time of nutrients such as fertilizers in the soil to extend the fertilization period of the citrus trees, thereby reducing problems such as low nutrient utilization due to leaching.

[0066] S70, covering the charcoal soil with straw of a preset thickness to complete the construction of the planting soil layer structure.

[0067] In the specific implementation, after the backfill of the charcoal soil is completed, a straw covering layer 40 of preset thickness is covered above the charcoal soil at the bottom of the sapling. The thickness of the straw is 10 cm. It is appropriate to use sun-dried straw. Optionally, the straw can be obtained by drying the harvested original vegetation. At this point, the construction of the soil tillage layer of the 1m planting pit in the orchard is completed according to the idea of ​​increasing one by one, and finally a deep fertilization and nutrient three-dimensional activation technology of straw surface covering + upper biochar and soil mixing + lower organic fertilizer and soil mixing + bottom surface soil and straw is formed. It can be understood that the soil used in each layer structure is not limited to the raw soil of the excavated planting pit. According to the needs of the site, slope surface soil or soil produced by excavation can also be used. No specific restrictions are made here.

[0068] Optionally, based on factors such as the growth rate and crown width of the citrus trees, the spacing between citrus trees can be set to at least 4m. That is, in the same planting belt, the distance between planting pits is at least 4m, and preferably, the distance between planting pits is 4m. Additionally, vegetation such as honeysuckle can be planted on the terrace walls between the trees to retain soil, while the terraces still use traditional front ridges and rear ditches to intercept runoff and sediment. In actual orchard development, appropriate technologies can be selected and combined based on the actual site conditions. This will not be elaborated here.

[0069] This application established a test site and conducted the following control test to analyze and compare the nutrient content of different types of soil layers.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] In this control example, the planting pit is 1m deep and is filled with pure soil.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] In this control example, the difference from control example 1 is that the citrus planting conditions are: 50 cm pure soil + 50 cm microbial organic fertilizer mixed with pure soil.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] In this control example, the difference from control example 1 is that the citrus planting conditions are: 10 cm straw + 50 cm pure soil + 50 cm microbial organic fertilizer mixed with pure soil.

[0076] Comparative Example 4

[0077] In this control example, the difference from control example 1 is that the citrus planting conditions are: 10 cm straw + 50 cm rice husk charcoal mixed with pure soil + 50 cm microbial organic fertilizer mixed with pure soil.

[0078] Comparative Example 5

[0079] In this control example, the difference from control example 1 is that the citrus planting conditions are: 10 cm straw + 50 cm pure soil + 25 cm microbial organic fertilizer mixed with pure soil + 25 cm straw mixed with pure soil.

[0080] Comparative Example 6

[0081] In this control example, the difference from control example 1 is that the citrus planting conditions are: 10 cm straw + 50 cm rice husk charcoal mixed with pure soil + 25 cm straw mixed with pure soil + 25 cm microbial organic fertilizer mixed with pure soil.

[0082] Example 1

[0083] In this embodiment, the citrus planting conditions are: 10 cm straw covering + 50 cm rice husk charcoal mixed with pure soil + 25 cm microbial organic fertilizer mixed with pure soil + 25 cm straw topsoil mixed.

[0084] The organic matter content in the soil layers at different depths in Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Example 1 is shown in Table 1:

[0085] Table 1

[0086]

[0087] As shown in Table 1, a comprehensive comparison of the organic matter content in each soil layer shows that the organic matter content of each soil layer in Example 1 is significantly higher than that in other control examples.

[0088] The total nitrogen content in the soil layers at different depths in Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Example 1 is shown in Table 2:

[0089] Table 2

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] As shown in Table 2, a comprehensive comparison of the total nitrogen content in each soil layer shows that, except for 80-100 cm, which is slightly lower than that of Control Example 5, the total nitrogen content of the soil in other layers in Example 1 is higher than that of other control examples.

[0093] The total phosphorus content in the soil layers at different depths in Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Example 1 is shown in Table 3:

[0094] Table 3

[0095]

[0096] As shown in Table 3, there is no significant difference in the total phosphorus content of the surface soil between different measures; between the 40-80 cm soil layer, the total phosphorus content in Example 1 is higher, and the slender roots of citrus trees are mainly distributed around 60 cm. The high phosphorus content in the 40-80 cm soil layer can promote root growth and phosphorus absorption.

[0097] The soil moisture content in the soil layers at different depths in Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Example 1 is shown in Table 4:

[0098] Table 4

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] As shown in Table 4, the soil moisture content of Example 1 was higher than that of the other control examples, except for the 20-40 cm and 80-100 cm layers, which were slightly lower than those of Control Example 6. Furthermore, in Example 1, the soil moisture content of each layer was not significantly different, and the soil moisture level in the 60 cm layer, where the root system is most concentrated, remained relatively high.

[0102] It can be seen from Tables 1 to 4 that, taking into comprehensive consideration the organic matter content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and water content in each soil layer, the soil layer structure of 10 cm straw covering + 50 cm rice husk charcoal mixed with pure soil + 25 cm microbial organic fertilizer mixed with pure soil + 25 cm straw topsoil mixed proposed in Example 1 of the present application shows great advantages compared with other control examples; in particular, the improvement of deep soil is conducive to the downward growth of orange tree roots, can effectively alleviate the contradiction between trees and grasses competing for fertilizer, intercept soil nutrients, improve soil fertility, resist drought and retain moisture, improve soil structure, enhance the ecological benefits of orchards, and promote the green and sustainable development of orchards.

[0103] In summary, the present application provides a new citrus planting plan on red soil slopes. First, the red soil slope is sorted to form a number of strip-shaped planting strips on the red soil slope. Sorting out the red soil slope can improve the land utilization rate of the slope. Several planting pits of preset depths are excavated at equal intervals on the planting strips. Then, a first soil layer of a mixture of soil and straw is arranged at the bottom of the planting pits, a second soil layer of a mixture of organic fertilizer and soil is arranged on the first soil layer, and a charcoal layer of a mixture of biochar and soil is arranged on the second soil layer. Finally, a soil structure of straw is covered on the charcoal layer. Through a step-by-step combination of deep fertilization technologies, the soil structure is improved, and the soil's drought resistance and moisture retention capacity are enhanced, which is suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0104] Example 2

[0105] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the land for an orange orchard on a red soil slope and creating a planting soil layer structure. The method for preparing the land for an orange orchard on a red soil slope and creating a planting soil layer structure provided in this embodiment differs from that in the first embodiment in that:

[0106] S30, laying the harvested vegetation at the bottom of the planting pit to form a vegetation filling layer, backfilling part of the raw soil on the vegetation filling layer, and allowing the raw soil to seep into the gaps in the vegetation filling layer to form a first soil layer.

[0107] In this embodiment, the depth of the planting pits for planting citrus can be 1 meter, and the thickness of the first soil layer is 20 cm.

[0108] S40, mixing a portion of the raw soil with organic fertilizer to form organic soil, and backfilling the organic soil onto the first soil layer to form a second soil layer, wherein the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content in the range of 43%-45%, a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the range of 5%-10%, and a bacterial count of not less than 20 million / g;

[0109] In this embodiment, the thickness of the second soil layer is 20 cm, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is 45%; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 10%, the bacterial population is 22 million / g, and the mixing mass ratio of organic fertilizer to raw soil is 1:35.

[0110] S50, mixing part of the raw soil with biochar to form charcoal soil, wherein the biochar is granular biochar.

[0111] In this embodiment, the mixing mass ratio of biochar to raw soil is 1:35.

[0112] Example 3

[0113] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the land for an orange orchard on a red soil slope and creating a planting soil layer structure. The method for preparing the land for an orange orchard on a red soil slope and creating a planting soil layer structure provided in this embodiment differs from that in the first embodiment in that:

[0114] S30, laying the harvested vegetation at the bottom of the planting pit to form a vegetation filling layer, backfilling part of the raw soil on the vegetation filling layer, and allowing the raw soil to seep into the gaps in the vegetation filling layer to form a first soil layer.

[0115] In this embodiment, the depth of the planting pits for planting citrus can be 1 m, and the thickness of the first soil layer is 22 cm.

[0116] S40, mixing a portion of the raw soil with organic fertilizer to form organic soil, and backfilling the organic soil onto the first soil layer to form a second soil layer, wherein the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content in the range of 43%-45%, a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the range of 5%-10%, and a bacterial count of not less than 20 million / g;

[0117] In this embodiment, the thickness of the second soil layer is 23 cm, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is 44% by weight, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 6%, the bacterial count is 21 million / g, and the mixing mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the raw soil is 1:30.

[0118] S50, mixing part of the raw soil with biochar to form charcoal soil, wherein the biochar is granular biochar.

[0119] In this embodiment, the mixing mass ratio of biochar to raw soil is 1:30.

[0120] Example 4

[0121] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the land for an orange orchard on a red soil slope and creating a planting soil layer structure. The method for preparing the land for an orange orchard on a red soil slope and creating a planting soil layer structure provided in this embodiment differs from that in the first embodiment in that:

[0122] Preserve the original vegetation of the first land preparation strip along the direction from the top of the red soil slope to the foot of the mountain;

[0123] In specific implementation, the slope angle θ of the slope is obtained according to the topography, and then the red soil slope is divided into several land preparation strips according to the preset field ridge height. The original vegetation of the first land preparation strip on the top of the mountain is retained. Reserving a land preparation strip on the top of the mountain can effectively improve the soil and water conservation capacity of the slope in the early stage of orchard development.

[0124] Harvesting the vegetation on the surface of the remaining land preparation strips to form a plurality of preparation strips, and excavating the plurality of preparation strips at intervals to form a structure on the red soil slope surface where the preparation strips and the first planting strips are arranged at intervals;

[0125] During the specific implementation, vegetation is arranged on the land preparation strips except the top of the mountain, and the original vegetation on the slope below the land preparation strip on the top of the mountain is harvested to form several preparatory strips. Excavation is carried out at intervals in the several preparatory strips to form a terrain structure in which the preparatory strips and the first planting strips are arranged at intervals.

[0126] The citrus seedlings are planted in the first planting strip, and soil protection vegetation is planted in the preparation strip.

[0127] During specific implementation, citrus seedlings are planted on the first planting strip, and soil-protecting vegetation is planted on the remaining preparation strips, forming a structure in which citrus seedlings and soil-protecting vegetation are arranged at intervals on the slope. Optionally, the grass seeds for rapid establishment of soil-protecting vegetation can be mainly green manure such as white clover and wild pea, which can reduce soil erosion while increasing the surface loss and efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. In this embodiment, leaving grass on alternate slopes, especially in the early stages of development, can greatly reduce soil erosion while ensuring the ecological benefits of the orchard, and will not cause serious soil erosion due to full-cultivation land preparation. It can be understood that if the original vegetation on the land preparation strip meets the requirements of soil protection and citrus growth, it can also be retained without harvesting interruptions, forming a planting method in which the soil-protecting strip and the fruit tree strip are spaced apart.

[0128] Furthermore, in this embodiment, after a preset period of time, the citrus saplings grow to maturity and their soil-fixing ability is enhanced. Optionally, the citrus saplings mature in 4-6 years. After the citrus saplings grow to maturity, in order to improve the ecological benefits of the orchard, the soil-protecting vegetation in the preparation strip can be removed, and the above-mentioned excavation section and filling section filling operation can be performed on the preparation strip where the soil-protecting vegetation is removed, so that the excavation section and filling section of the preparation strip are on the same plane to form a second planting strip. The above-mentioned citrus planting operation is repeated on the second planting strip to complete the overall planting of citrus on the red soil slope. That is, in this embodiment, the overall citrus planting on the red soil slope is carried out in stages. First, a structure in which citrus and soil-protecting vegetation are arranged at intervals is carried out. In the early stages of development, soil erosion can be greatly reduced. After the citrus trees mature and the soil-fixing effect is enhanced, the soil-protecting vegetation is removed and the second batch of citrus is planted to ensure the ecological benefits of the orchard.

[0129] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0130] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction for an orange orchard on a red soil slope, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Arranging the red soil slope surface to form a plurality of strip-shaped planting strips on the red soil slope surface; A number of planting pits of preset depths are dug at equal intervals in the planting strips, and the topsoil, raw soil, and harvested original vegetation obtained during the preparation of the red soil slope are piled up separately for future use; Laying the harvested original vegetation at the bottom of the planting pit to form a vegetation filling layer, backfilling the vegetation filling layer with the topsoil, and allowing the topsoil to seep into the gaps in the vegetation filling layer to form a first soil layer; Mixing a portion of the raw soil with organic fertilizer to form organic soil, and backfilling the organic soil onto the top of the first soil layer to form a second soil layer, wherein the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content in the range of 43%-45%, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the range of 5%-10%, and a bacterial population of not less than 20 million / g; Mixing part of the raw soil with biochar to form charcoal soil, wherein the biochar is granular biochar; Planting citrus seedlings on the second soil layer, and backfilling the charcoal soil around the roots of the citrus seedlings until the planting pit is filled; Covering the charcoal soil with straw of a preset thickness to complete the construction of the planting soil layer structure; The step of arranging the red soil slope surface to form a plurality of strip-shaped planting strips on the red soil slope surface specifically includes: Obtaining a slope angle θ of the red soil slope, and dividing the red soil slope into a plurality of land preparation strips according to the slope angle and a preset ridge height H; Taking the center of the land preparation strip as the base surface, the land preparation strip is divided into an excavation section and a filling section, and red soil excavated from the excavation section is filled into the filling section to form the planting strip.

2. The method for preparing land for orange orchards on red soil slopes and constructing a planting soil layer structure according to claim 1, wherein: The calculation formula of the width L of the land preparation strip is: The calculation formula for the width W of the planting strip is: Where θ is the slope angle and H is the height of the field ridge.

3. The method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction of a red soil slope orange orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: After obtaining the slope angle θ of the red soil slope and dividing the red soil slope into a plurality of land preparation strips according to the slope angle and a preset ridge height H, the method further includes: Preserve the original vegetation of the first land preparation strip along the direction from the top of the red soil slope to the foot of the mountain; Harvesting the original vegetation on the surface of the remaining land preparation strips to form a plurality of preparation strips, and performing excavation and filling operations on the plurality of preparation strips to form a structure in which the preparation strips and the first planting strips are arranged at intervals on the red soil slope; The citrus seedlings are planted in the first planting strip, and soil protection vegetation is planted in the remaining prepared strips.

4. The method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction of a red soil slope orange orchard according to claim 3, characterized in that: After planting the citrus seedlings in the first planting strip and planting soil protection vegetation in the remaining prepared strips, the method further includes: When the citrus saplings mature after a preset time, the soil protection vegetation in the prepared strip is removed; Excavation and filling operations are performed on the prepared strip where the soil-protecting vegetation has been removed, so that the prepared strip where the soil-protecting vegetation has been removed forms a second planting strip; Repeat the above-mentioned operation of planting citrus on the second planting strip to complete the overall planting of citrus on the red soil slope.

5. The method for preparing land for orange orchards on red soil slopes and constructing a planting soil layer structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset time is 4-6 years.

6. The method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction of a red soil slope orange orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the thickness of the first soil layer to the depth of the planting pit is 1:5-1:4, and the ratio of the second soil layer to the depth of the planting pit is 1:5-1:

4.

7. The method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction of a red soil slope orange orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to part of the raw soil is 1:25-1:35, and the mixing mass ratio of the biochar to part of the raw soil is 1:25-1:

35.

8. The method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction for an orange orchard on a red soil slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is rice husk biochar.

9. The method for land preparation and planting soil layer structure construction for an orange orchard on a red soil slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the planting pits is at least 4m.

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