Preparation method and application of functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer for strengthening ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction

Abstract

The application provides a preparation method of a functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer for strengthening ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction, comprising the following steps: mixing organic solid waste and composting accessories to obtain initial composting materials; adding sulfidized zero-valent iron, magnesium modified biochar and a microbial inoculum into the initial composting materials and stirring and mixing to obtain aerobic composting materials. Aerobic composting is performed on the aerobic composting materials, and the composting materials are turned over every 2-4 days. The composting time of the aerobic composting is 25-35 days. During the high-temperature period, appropriate water is supplemented every day, so that the water content of the composting materials is ensured to be 45%-60%. The simultaneous use of the sulfidized zero-valent iron and the magnesium modified biochar can not only achieve 29.4% ammonia emission reduction, 46.3% nitrous oxide emission reduction and 32.6% methane emission reduction during the aerobic composting process, but also can improve the product efficiency by 24.6%. The related product is suitable for agricultural land with prominent non-point source pollution prevention and control requirements.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer preparation method and application for strengthening ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction, belonging to the technical field of solid waste composting. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, the total amount of agricultural waste in the world has been rising. Commonly used agricultural waste disposal methods include direct field application, fertilization, materialization, and feedstuffing. However, a large amount of agricultural waste has not been properly disposed of, such as being randomly piled up or burned, causing resource waste, air pollution, and agricultural non-point source pollution, which has attracted increasing attention. Aerobic composting is a process in which organic waste is piled up and decomposed, and microorganisms are used to convert degradable organic matter into humus. The organic fertilizer product can improve the physical structure of the soil and increase the soil fertility level. Therefore, aerobic composting is an effective, green, and environmentally friendly agricultural waste resource treatment method.

[0003] However, the degradation of organic matter in the traditional aerobic composting process is accompanied by the loss of gaseous carbon and nitrogen. Related studies have shown that carbon loss accounts for about 0.8% to 6% of the total carbon mass of composting, and methane emission is an important way of carbon loss in aerobic composting. The global warming potential (GWP) of methane is 25 times that of carbon dioxide, so the influence of the comprehensive greenhouse effect of composting gas emission is very prominent. Methane emission mainly occurs during the high-temperature period of composting and is positively correlated with the duration of high temperature. The longer the high-temperature period, the greater the amount of methane emission. On the other hand, during the composting process, due to the ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification processes of organic matter under the action of microorganisms, nitrogen loss is inevitable. The nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization accounts for about 20% to 60% of the total nitrogen mass of composting, which is the most important way of nitrogen loss. Ammonia gas is mainly produced during the warming and high-temperature periods of composting. During the warming process, microorganisms degrade nitrogen-containing organic matter such as amino acids and proteins to produce ammonia gas. In the early high-temperature period, thermophilic microorganisms further metabolize proteins, increasing the release of ammonia gas. Nitrous oxide is another important way of nitrogen loss during composting. Nitrate and nitrite nitrogen present in the mixed material at the beginning of composting produce a large amount of nitrous oxide through denitrification. Compared with the amount of ammonia gas produced, the amount of nitrous oxide produced is relatively low, accounting for about 0.2% to 6% of the total nitrogen mass of composting. However, due to its GWP being 298 times that of carbon dioxide, it also has an important influence on the comprehensive greenhouse effect of composting gas emission.

[0004] In summary, the emission of methane, ammonia, and nitrous oxide gases into the atmosphere during the composting process not only exacerbates the greenhouse effect and causes air pollution, but also causes the loss of nutrient resources. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new method that is fast, efficient, simple to operate, and does not cause secondary pollution, and reduces the emission of ammonia and greenhouse gases during aerobic composting of solid waste. SUMMARY

[0005] The application provides a functional carbon-based organic fertilizer for strengthening ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the application provides a functional carbon-based organic fertilizer for strengthening ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] Mixing organic solid waste and composting auxiliary materials to obtain initial composting materials;

[0008] Adding sulfidized zero-valent iron, magnesium modified biochar and biological agents into the initial composting materials, and stirring and mixing to obtain aerobic composting materials, wherein the initial pH value of the aerobic composting materials is 6-9, the initial water content is 50%-60%, and the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20-25:1; aerobic composting is performed on the aerobic composting materials, the composting materials are turned over every 2-4 days, and the duration of the aerobic composting is 25-35 days; during the high-temperature period of composting, appropriate water is supplemented in time, so that the water content of the composting materials is maintained at 45%-60%.

[0009] Further, the organic solid waste is one or a mixture of two of kitchen garbage, poultry manure and algae mud, and the composting auxiliary material is edible mushroom residue, including straw, sawdust or corn cob.

[0010] Preferably, the addition amount of the sulfidized zero-valent iron is 0.5%-3% of the weight of the initial composting materials; and the addition amount of the magnesium modified biochar is 5%-20% of the weight of the initial composting materials.

[0011] The preparation process of the sulfidized zero-valent iron is as follows: elemental sulfur powder and iron powder are weighed and uniformly mixed according to an S / Fe molar ratio of 0.05-0.25, the mixture of the sulfur powder and the iron powder and agate grinding beads are loaded into a grinding tank according to a mass ratio of 1:(3-10), and after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is placed in a ball mill and ball-milled at a speed of 100-300 revolutions per minute (i.e. 100-300 r·min −1 ) per minute at room temperature; nitrogen is used as a protective gas during the ball-milling process, and the ball-milling time is 1-20 hours.

[0012] The biochar raw material in the magnesium modified biochar is one of wood, straw, manure and sludge, and is placed in a muffle furnace for calcination by using a carbonization method, the preparation temperature is 300-800 DEG C, the preparation time is 1-5 h, and the particle size of the finally obtained biochar is 30-100 nanometers; and the preparation temperature can be preferably 450-650 DEG C.

[0013] The magnesium modified biochar is prepared by impregnation-calcination method: the biochar is put into a 1-5 molar concentration (i.e. 1-5 mol / L) magnesium chloride solution for 1-2 hours of ultrasonic treatment, then placed in an oven for drying, and then placed in a muffle furnace for 1-2 hours of calcination at 300-500 degrees Celsius.

[0014] Further, an automatic temperature recorder is used to record the temperature of the pile body every 20-40 minutes, and the daily average temperature is calculated, and the number of days when the temperature is greater than 50 degrees Celsius is not less than 5 days.

[0015] When the temperature of the compost minus the ambient temperature is greater than 1000 degrees Celsius and the seed germination index is greater than 70%, it is considered that the compost is fully composted.

[0016] The application also discloses a functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer prepared by the method and application of the functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer in strengthening ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland.

[0017] The specific steps are as follows:

[0018] Step one: elemental sulfur powder and iron powder are weighed and mixed according to a S / Fe molar ratio of 0.05-0.25, the sulfur powder and iron powder mixture and agate grinding beads are loaded into a grinding tank according to a mass ratio of 1: (3-10), and after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is placed in a ball mill for ball milling at a speed of 100-300 per minute at room temperature. Nitrogen is used as a protective gas during the ball milling process, and the ball milling time is 1-20 hours. The final solid sample is sulfidized zero-valent iron.

[0019] Step two: the biochar raw material is one of wood, straw, manure and sludge, and is prepared by calcination in a muffle furnace by a carbonization method, the preparation temperature is 300-800 degrees Celsius, the preparation time is 1-5 hours, and the final biochar particle size is 30-100 nanometers. The biochar is put into a 1-5 molar concentration magnesium chloride solution for 1-2 hours of ultrasonic treatment, then placed in an oven for drying, and then placed in a muffle furnace for 1-2 hours of calcination at 300-500 degrees Celsius. The obtained solid sample is magnesium modified biochar.

[0020] Step three: the sulfidized zero-valent iron and magnesium modified biochar prepared in steps one and two are mixed with chicken manure and edible mushroom residue to form a mixture, and then the moisture content is adjusted to 50%-60% to obtain fermentation raw materials; before composting, the chicken manure is first crushed to maintain a particle size of 0.1-20 millimeters; secondly, the materials are uniformly mixed by machine stirring before the composting starts; and finally, the materials are loaded into a composting box to start the aerobic fermentation process.

[0021] Step four: Collect ammonia every 1-2 days. Ammonia is absorbed by 2% boric acid as absorbent, methyl red-bromocresol green as indicator, at the outlet of the fermentor, until the absorbent changes from red to blue, then titrate with 0.01 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid until the absorbent changes from blue to red, record the volume of dilute sulfuric acid consumed. 0.33 g of methyl red and 0.495 g of bromocresol green are dissolved in 95% 500 ml ethanol to prepare a mixed indicator; 500 g of boric acid is dissolved in 23750 ml distilled water, add 500 ml of mixed indicator, dilute to 25 liters to prepare the absorbent.

[0022] Step five: Collect greenhouse gases every 2-4 days. When collecting gas, the sampling device is embedded 5 cm deep in the pile to ensure its sealing. After 10 minutes of closed environment, collect gas samples. When collecting gas, use a 20 ml syringe to collect 4 gas samples at 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes, and place 3 sampling devices at different locations in each incubator. The concentrations of nitrous oxide and methane in the gas samples are measured by Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0024] The sulfidized zero-valent iron prepared in the new method of the present application can effectively reduce pH and reduce ammonia volatilization, change microbial community structure, reduce the abundance of denitrifying bacteria and methanogens during the high-temperature period of composting, and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.

[0025] The modified biochar in the new method of the present application can better adsorb ammonium ions and generate struvite precipitate, thereby reducing ammonia volatilization during composting and promoting nitrogen retention.

[0026] In addition to improving ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions during aerobic composting, the new method of the present application also increases the nutrient content of the pile at the end of composting.

[0027] Using sulfidized zero-valent iron alone can cause seed germination to be inhibited and composting to be incomplete; using magnesium-modified biochar alone has poor effect on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The simultaneous use of sulfidized zero-valent iron and magnesium-modified biochar in the present application can not only achieve 29.4% ammonia emission reduction, 46.3% nitrous oxide emission reduction and 32.6% methane emission reduction during aerobic composting, but also can improve product efficiency by 24.6%. The related products are suitable for agricultural land with prominent non-point source pollution prevention and control needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, together with the embodiments of the present application, to explain the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 is a graph showing the change in ammonia emission during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 is a graph showing the change in nitrous oxide emission during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 is a graph showing the change in methane emission during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 is a graph showing the change in temperature during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 is a graph showing the change in seed germination index during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 is a graph showing the change in pH during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application;

[0035] Figure 7 is a graph showing the total nutrient content during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application;

[0036] Figure 8 is a graph showing the change in denitrifying bacteria gene copy number during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application;

[0037] Figure 9 is a graph showing the change in methanogen gene copy number during the composting process in Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

[0039] The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, instruments, etc. used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0040] There are many factors affecting ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas emissions during composting, including compost raw materials, C / N, temperature, moisture content, etc. Among them, the type of compost and its properties have a great influence on the production of greenhouse gases. Different types of organic waste have their own associated degradable organic carbon and rate constant, which respectively affect the total emission and generation rate. The higher the soluble organic carbon content in the material, the greater the greenhouse gas emissions. Adjusting the compost raw materials, changing the environmental and process conditions is costly and difficult to operate, while the use of conditioners has obvious advantages in reducing nitrogen loss during composting. Conditioners can be divided into biological conditioners, physical conditioners and chemical conditioners.

[0041] Bio-conditioning mainly adds microbial inoculants such as high-temperature ammonia-tolerant bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during composting. These microbial inoculants can promote the assimilation or nitrification of ammonium nitrogen, thereby reducing the content of ammonium nitrogen and reducing the emission of ammonia. However, microbial inoculants have certain limitations and need to be selected according to the composting raw materials and parameters. Physical conditioning mainly adds materials with good pore structure such as biochar and zeolite to adsorb and fix the ammonia and greenhouse gases generated during composting. Biochar has a large pore structure and rich surface functional groups, and is one of the most popular physical conditioning agents. However, the saturation of the adsorption sites of biochar will affect its ability to continuously adsorb ammonia and greenhouse gases. Through modification methods, not only the specific surface area can be increased, but also magnesium, phosphate and other chemicals can be introduced to enhance the adsorption capacity of nitrogen. Chemical conditioning mainly adds additives such as iron compounds, superphosphate and phosphogypsum to affect the pH value of the material and the carbon-nitrogen conversion process, which is better than bio-conditioning and physical conditioning in terms of emission reduction effect, but it will cause the increase of the bulk electrical conductivity, incomplete composting, and inhibition of seed germination.

[0042] Therefore, the present application provides a new method for quickly and efficiently, simply, without secondary pollution, and reducing the emission of NH3 and greenhouse gases during aerobic composting of solid waste. Embodiment

[0043] Step one: weigh and mix elemental sulfur powder and iron powder according to a S / Fe molar ratio of 0.25, put 50 grams of the mixture and 200 grams of maroon grinding beads into a maroon ball mill jar, mix uniformly, and then place in a ball mill at room temperature at a speed of 200 revolutions per minute. Nitrogen is used as a protective gas during ball milling, and the ball milling time is 20 hours. The final solid sample is sulfidized zero-valent iron.

[0044] Step two: waste wood is placed in a muffle furnace for calcination by carbonization, the preparation temperature is 550 degrees Celsius, the preparation time is 3 hours, and the final obtained biochar particle size is 30-100 nanometers. Put 1.5 kg of biochar into a 1 mol / L magnesium chloride solution and ultrasonic for 2 hours, then dry in an oven at 75 degrees Celsius, and then place in a 300 degrees Celsius muffle furnace for 1 hour. The obtained solid sample is magnesium-modified biochar.

[0045] Step three: mix chicken manure and edible fungus residue to form a mixture, adjust the moisture content to 55%, and obtain fermentation raw materials, marked as T1 treatment; mix the sulfidized zero-valent iron prepared in step one and the magnesium-modified biochar prepared in step two with the chicken manure and edible fungus residue to form a mixture, adjust the moisture content to 55%, and obtain fermentation raw materials, marked as T2 treatment.

[0046] Step four: Collect ammonia every 1-2 days. Ammonia is absorbed by 2% boric acid as absorbent, methyl red-bromocresol green as indicator, at the outlet of the fermenter, ammonia is absorbed until the absorbent changes from red to blue, then titrated with 0.01 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid until the absorbent changes from blue to red, record the volume of dilute sulfuric acid consumed. 0.33 g of methyl red and 0.495 g of bromocresol green are dissolved in 95% 500 ml ethanol to prepare a mixed indicator; 500 g of boric acid is dissolved in 23750 ml distilled water, add 500 ml of mixed indicator, dilute to 25 liters to prepare the absorbent.

[0047] Step five: Collect greenhouse gases every 2-4 days. When collecting gas, the sampling device is embedded 5 cm deep in the pile to ensure its sealing. After 10 minutes of closed environment, gas samples are collected. When collecting gas, a 20 ml syringe is used to collect 4 gas samples at 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes, and 3 sampling devices are placed in each incubator from three different locations. The concentrations of nitrous oxide and methane in the gas samples are measured by Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph.

[0048] Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 are the changes of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane emissions during aerobic composting process, it can be seen that in T2 composting treatment, the peak values of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane emissions are greatly reduced. Compared with T1 treatment, the peak values are reduced by 39.0%, 60.2% and 46.7% respectively, and the cumulative amounts are reduced by 29.4%, 46.3% and 32.6% respectively.

[0049] Figure 4 is the change of temperature during aerobic composting process; aerobic composting is in high temperature period for 2-7 days, the temperature is higher than 50 degrees Celsius; aerobic composting is in cooling period for 8-19 days, the temperature begins to gradually decrease; aerobic composting is in maturation period for 20-28 days, the temperature is close to the ambient temperature. At the end of aerobic composting, the accumulated temperature of T1 and T2 treatments both exceed 10000 degrees Celsius, reaching the maturation requirement.

[0050] Figure 5 is the change of pH during aerobic composting process, it can be seen that the initial pH of T1 treatment is 6.8, the pH of T2 treatment is 6.2, and the pH of aerobic composting presents a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with time, finally the pH of T1 treatment is 7.8, and the pH of T2 treatment is 7.6.

[0051] Figure 6For the change of seed germination index in the aerobic composting process, it can be seen that at the end of composting, the seed germination index of the composting system of T1 and T2 treatment presents an upward trend with time, and at the end of aerobic composting, the seed germination index of T1 and T2 treatment is 75.5% and 79.0% respectively, both of which are greater than 70%, meeting the requirement of maturity. In addition, it also shows that the combination of sulfidized zero-valent iron and magnesium modified biochar has a synergistic effect on promoting seed germination.

[0052] Figure 7 For the change of nutrient content in the aerobic composting process, it can be seen that at the end of composting, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of the composting system of T2 treatment is increased by 63.1%, 12% and 15.1% respectively compared with T1 treatment, and the total nutrient (total nitrogen + diphosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) is increased by 24.6%. This shows that sulfidized zero-valent iron and magnesium modified biochar have a good nitrogen fixation effect on aerobic composting, thus reducing the emission of ammonia.

[0053] Figure 8 and Figure 9 For the change of denitrifying bacteria (nirS) gene and methanogen (mcrA) gene copy number in the aerobic composting process, it can be seen that at the high temperature stage of composting, the gene copy number of denitrifying bacteria and methanogen of the composting system of T2 treatment is decreased by 63.0% and 24.7% respectively compared with T1 treatment. According to Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is shown that the emission of nitrous oxide and methane in the aerobic composting process is mainly concentrated in the high temperature stage, and the addition of sulfidized zero-valent iron and magnesium modified biochar inhibits the activity of related microorganisms, thus reducing the emission of nitrous oxide and methane.

[0054] The present application introduces sulfidized zero-valent iron and magnesium modified biochar into the composting process, wherein the sulfidized zero-valent iron adjusts the addition on one hand to change the acid-base environment of composting, reduce pH and reduce ammonia volatilization. Two is to change the microbial community structure, reduce the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (nirS) and methanogen (mcrA) in the high temperature stage of composting, and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Magnesium modified biochar on one hand due to its larger specific surface area, has strong adsorption capacity, resulting in more ammonium ions being absorbed; on the other hand, the presence of magnesium and phosphate will generate struvite, further reducing the emission of ammonia in composting. The product obtained by aerobic composting is suitable for agricultural land with the demand of non-point source pollution prevention and control in China.

[0055] The foregoing has been a sufficient description of the invention to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. It is understood that the description of the embodiments is merely exemplary and that all changes that do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims set forth below rather than the description of the embodiments set forth above.

Claims

1. The application of a functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer that enhances ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland, reduces the abundance of denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria during the high-temperature period of composting, promotes seed germination, and increases the nutrient content of the compost pile, characterized in that: The preparation of the functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer for strengthening ammonia gas and greenhouse gas emission reduction comprises the following steps: Mixing organic solid waste with composting auxiliary materials to obtain initial composting materials; the organic solid waste is poultry manure; Adding sulfidized zero-valent iron, magnesium modified biochar and biological inoculants into the initial composting materials, and stirring and mixing to obtain aerobic composting materials, the initial pH value of the aerobic composting materials is 6-9, the initial moisture content is 50%-60%, and the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20-25:1; the aerobic composting is carried out on the aerobic composting materials, the composting is turned over every 2-4 days, and the duration of the aerobic composting is 25-35 days; during the high-temperature period of composting, appropriate amount of water is supplemented in time to maintain the moisture content of the composting materials at 45%-60%; The addition amount of the sulfidized zero-valent iron is 0.5%-3% of the weight of the initial composting materials; and the addition amount of the magnesium modified biochar is 5%-20% of the weight of the initial composting materials.

2. The use of the functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer for enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction according to claim 1 in the enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland, the reduction of abundance of denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the high-temperature period of compost, the promotion of seed germination, and the increase of nutrient content of the compost, characterized in that, The composting auxiliary materials are edible mushroom residues, including straws, sawdust or corn cobs.

3. The use of the functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer for the enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction according to claim 1 in the enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland, the reduction of abundance of denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the high-temperature period of compost, the promotion of seed germination, and the increase of nutrient content of the compost, characterized in that, The preparation process of the sulfidized zero-valent iron is as follows: elemental sulfur powder and iron powder are weighed and mixed uniformly according to a S / Fe molar ratio of 0.05-0.25, the mixture of the sulfur powder and the iron powder and agate grinding beads are loaded into a grinding tank according to a mass ratio of 1:(3-10), and then the mixture is placed in a ball mill for ball milling at a speed of 100-300 rpm per minute at room temperature; nitrogen is used as a protective gas during the ball milling, and the ball milling time is 1-20 hours.

4. The use of the functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer for enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction according to claim 1 in the enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland, the reduction of abundance of denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the high-temperature period of compost, the promotion of seed germination, and the increase of nutrient content of the compost, characterized in that, The biochar raw material in the magnesium modified biochar is one of wood, straw, manure and sludge, and is placed in a muffle furnace for calcination by a carbonization method, the preparation temperature is 300-800 degrees Celsius, the preparation time is 1-5 hours, and the final biochar particle size is 30-100 nanometers.

5. The use of the functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer for enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction according to claim 1 in the enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland, the reduction of abundance of denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the high-temperature period of composting, the promotion of seed germination, and the increase of nutrient content of the compost, characterized in that, The magnesium modified biochar is prepared by an impregnation-calcination method: the biochar prepared in claim 4 is placed in a 1-5 molar concentration magnesium chloride solution for ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 hours, then dried in an oven, and then calcined in a muffle furnace at 300-500 degrees Celsius for 1-2 hours.

6. Use of the functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer of claim 1 for enhancing ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland, reducing the abundance of denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria during the thermophilic phase of composting, promoting seed germination, and increasing the nutrient content of the compost, characterized in that, Before composting, the chicken manure is first crushed to maintain a particle size of 0.1-20 millimeters; secondly, the materials are fully mixed by machine stirring before composting; and finally, the materials are loaded into a composting box to start the aerobic fermentation process.

7. The use of the functionalized carbon-based organic fertilizer for enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction according to claim 1 in the enhanced ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland, the reduction of abundance of denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the high-temperature period of composting, the promotion of seed germination, and the increase of nutrient content of the compost, characterized in that, An automatic temperature recorder is used to record the temperature of the composting materials every 20-40 minutes, and the daily average temperature is calculated, and the number of days with a temperature greater than 50 degrees Celsius is not less than 5 days.

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