High-performance carbon-glass mixed plate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of carbon-glass mixed plate preparation, and particularly relates to a high-performance carbon-glass mixed plate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the high-performance carbon-glass mixed plate comprises the following steps: S1, pulling carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips and then combing; S2, pulling the carbon fiber strips and the glass fiber strips into a resin glue tank; S3, scraping off the excess resin glue on the carbon fiber strips and the glass fiber strips through a combing and cutting device; S4, then pressing the carbon fiber strips, the glass fiber strips and the resin glue into a whole; and S5, pulling out the carbon fiber strips and the glass fiber strips that are pressed into a whole and cutting them. Through the arrangement of corresponding mechanisms, the carbon fiber material and the glass fiber material can fully drain the excess resin after passing through the resin tank, so that the influence of the excess resin on the formed carbon-glass mixed plate is avoided, and the dripping of the resin is also avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of carbon-glass hybrid plate preparation, and particularly relates to a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid plate and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of the composite material industry, glass fiber-carbon fiber hybrid fiber composite material has become a new strong and tough structural material. At present, it is applied to wind power blades, bridge reinforcement, compressed natural gas bottles (spaceflight and aviation) and solid rocket engine shells and other aerospace structural parts, so that the products realize the advantages of high modulus, high toughness, low cost and low weight. Carbon fiber-glass fiber hybrid fiber pultruded plate (carbon-glass hybrid plate) is a ternary composite material made of glass fiber, carbon fiber and resin by using a pultrusion process. The carbon-glass hybrid plate has excellent mechanical properties while taking into account the economy, but the interface between different fibers is a weak place of the mechanical properties.

[0003] In the production process of the carbon-glass hybrid plate, the carbon fiber material and the glass fiber material need to pass through a resin tank, so that the surfaces of the carbon fiber material and the glass fiber material can be attached with full resin, and then the pultrusion and curing molding can be facilitated. However, in the prior art, after the carbon fiber material and the glass fiber material pass through the resin tank, there is no device for scraping the carbon fiber material and the glass fiber material, so that the resin is prone to overfill and leakage, thereby affecting the subsequent curing molding, and the resin leakage is not easy to clean and causes waste, which increases the burden on the workers and the manufacturing cost.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid plate and a preparation method thereof. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid plate and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems of high manufacturing cost and complex process of the carbon-glass hybrid plate in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme provided by an embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0007] A high-performance carbon-glass hybrid plate, comprising: a plurality of carbon fiber strips, glass fiber strips and resin glue solution, the plurality of carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips are arranged alternately, and the resin glue solution is wrapped on the plurality of carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips.

[0008] A preparation method of a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid plate, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1, pulling the carbon fiber strips and the glass fiber strips, and then combing to make the plurality of carbon fiber strips and the glass fiber strips arranged alternately;

[0010] S2, pull the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip into the resin glue tank, so that the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip can be soaked with resin glue;

[0011] S3, the excess resin glue on the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip is scraped off by the carding and cutting equipment to avoid too much resin glue;

[0012] S4, then press the multiple carbon fiber strips, glass fiber strips and resin glue to make them not easy to tilt and shake;

[0013] S5, the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip are pulled out and cut to facilitate stacking and curing to form a carbon glass mixed plate.

[0014] Further, the carding and cutting equipment in S3 includes a carding box, a flattening mechanism, a scraping mechanism and a cutting mechanism;

[0015] The flattening mechanism is arranged on the carding box, and the flattening mechanism includes a pair of rotating support rollers for supporting and rotating the flattening rollers, and fixed bearings are connected between the two ends of the rotating support rollers and the carding box, so that the rotation of the rotating support rollers is not affected;

[0016] A pair of rotating support rollers are fixed with flattening rollers for flattening the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip to facilitate curing and forming, and a driven gear and a driving gear are respectively installed at one end of the carding box outside the pair of rotating support rollers, which can drive the pair of rotating support rollers to rotate, and in turn make the rotating support rollers drive the pair of flattening rollers to rotate in opposite directions. The driven gear and the driving gear are arranged in meshing relationship;

[0017] The scraping mechanism is arranged in the carding box, and the scraping mechanism includes a pair of support cover plates for supporting and fixing a plurality of scraping strips to prevent the scraping strips from falling off, and a plurality of uniformly distributed scraping strips are installed on the support cover plates for scraping the excess resin glue on the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip. A plurality of guide arc plates are fixed on the scraping strips for guiding the excess resin glue to slide onto the support cover plates;

[0018] The cutting mechanism is arranged on one side of the pair of flattening rollers, and the cutting mechanism is used to cut the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip to facilitate extrusion and curing of the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip.

[0019] Further, a plurality of support columns are arranged below the carding box for supporting the carding box to prevent the carding box from shaking and improve the stability of the device, and an upper storage cavity and a lower storage cavity are opened in the carding box for storing excess resin glue.

[0020] Further, one end of one of the rotating support rollers is fixedly connected with an electric motor for driving the one rotating support roller to rotate and provide power for flattening the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip, and a support seat is arranged below the electric motor and fixed to the carding box for supporting and fixing the electric motor, avoiding shaking of the electric motor and improving stability of the electric motor.

[0021] Further, a lower drain pipe and an upper suction pipe are respectively connected to the pair of support cover plates, the lower drain pipe is used for conveying excess resin glue into the lower storage cavity, and the upper suction pipe is used for extracting excess resin glue into the upper storage cavity, and a plurality of fixing columns are connected between the support cover plates and the carding box for supporting and fixing the support cover plates, avoiding movement of the support cover plates.

[0022] Further, a limiting plate and a shielding plate are mounted on the sidewall of the upper storage cavity for shielding the resin glue, so that the resin glue cannot be extracted by the air extraction pipe of the negative pressure fan, and a cleaning slide plate is further arranged in the upper storage cavity for facilitating workers to take out the resin glue and cleaning, a pair of side baffles are fixed on the cleaning slide plate, and a plurality of arc grooves are formed in the cleaning slide plate for conveniently clamping the plurality of upper suction pipes.

[0023] Further, a negative pressure fan is mounted on one side of the carding box, a conveying pipe and an air extraction pipe are connected to the negative pressure fan, the gas in the upper storage cavity can be extracted through the air extraction pipe, so that suction force is generated at one end of the plurality of upper suction pipes, and then the excess resin glue is extracted, and the air extraction pipe is in communication with the upper storage cavity;

[0024] An air exhaust pipe is connected to the conveying pipe for exhausting the gas extracted by the air extraction pipe, a ball valve is fixed on the air exhaust pipe, a blocking piece is arranged in the ball valve for blocking the ball valve, so that the gas can enter the air supply cover, and then power can be provided for cutting the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip, and a control knob is connected to the blocking piece for facilitating workers to rotate the blocking piece and operation.

[0025] Further, the cutting mechanism comprises an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate, a downward cutting knife is mounted on one side of the upper fixed plate close to the lower fixed plate, and a knife groove is mounted on one side of the lower fixed plate close to the upper fixed plate, so that the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip can be cut through the downward cutting knife and the knife groove.

[0026] Fixed lugs are fixed on the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate for conveniently fixing the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip, so that they will not move, and then cutting is facilitated.

[0027] Furthermore, the combing box has multiple shrinkage grooves to provide space for the lifting and lowering movement of the limiting slide plate, thereby enabling the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate to move up and down. The shrinkage groove is provided with a limiting slide plate to support the push rod, thereby providing support force for the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate. The limiting slide plate is connected to the push rod, and the other end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed plate or the lower fixed plate.

[0028] A return spring is connected between the limiting slide plate and the combing box to push the limiting slide plate, thereby allowing the upper and lower fixed plates to return to their original positions and the lower cutting blade to separate from the blade groove. An air supply hood is provided on one side of the combing box to disperse the gas into multiple shrinkage grooves. The end of the conveying pipe away from the negative pressure fan is connected to the air supply hood, and a pressure relief valve is provided inside the conveying pipe.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0030] This invention, through the design of corresponding mechanisms, enables the carbon fiber and glass fiber materials to fully drain excess resin after passing through the resin tank, avoiding the impact of excess resin on the formed carbon-glass hybrid board and preventing resin dripping. This reduces the workload for workers and lowers the production cost of the carbon-glass hybrid board. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a combing and cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of a combing and cutting device from another angle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a combing and cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 5Structure schematic view at C;

[0038] Figure 7 As Figure 5 Structure schematic view at D;

[0039] Figure 8 As Figure 5 Structure schematic view at E;

[0040] Figure 9 Part structure section view of carding and cutting equipment in an embodiment of the application;

[0041] Figure 10 As Figure 9 Structure schematic view at F.

[0042] In the figure: 1. carding box, 101. support column, 102. upper storage cavity, 103. lower storage cavity, 2. flattening mechanism, 201. rotating support roller, 202. flattening roller, 203. driven gear, 204. driving gear, 205. motor, 206. support seat, 3. scraping mechanism, 301. support cover plate, 302. scraping strip, 303. guide arc plate, 304. lower leakage pipe, 305. upper suction pipe, 306. fixing column, 307. limiting plate, 308. shielding plate, 309. cleaning slide plate, 310. side baffle, 311. arc groove, 312. negative pressure fan, 313. conveying pipe, 314. exhaust pipe, 315. ball valve, 316. plugging piece, 317. control knob, 4. cutting mechanism, 401. upper fixed plate, 402. lower fixed plate, 403. downward pressing cutting knife, 404. knife groove, 405. fixed protrusion, 406. limiting slide plate, 407. push rod, 408. return spring, 409. air feeding cover, 410. pressure relief valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The application will be described in detail below with reference to the various embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the embodiments do not limit the application, and the changes made by those of ordinary skill in the art in structure, method or function based on the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the application.

[0044] The application discloses a high-performance carbon-glass mixed plate, referring to Figures 1-10 as shown, comprising: a plurality of carbon fiber strips, glass fiber strips and resin glue solution, the plurality of carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips are staggered arranged, and the resin glue solution is wrapped on the plurality of carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips.

[0045] Specifically, a preparation method of a high-performance carbon-glass mixed plate comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1, pulling the carbon fiber strips and the glass fiber strips, and then carding, so that the plurality of carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips are staggered arranged;

[0047] S2, the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip are pulled into the resin glue tank, so that the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip can be soaked with resin glue;

[0048] S3, the excess resin glue on the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip is scraped off by the carding and cutting device to avoid too much resin glue;

[0049] S4, then the plurality of carbon fiber strips, glass fiber strips and resin glue are pressed to make them not easy to be inclined and shaken;

[0050] S5, the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip are pulled out and cut to facilitate stacking and curing to form a carbon-glass mixed plate.

[0051] Reference Figures 1-10 As shown in S3, the carding and cutting device includes a carding box 1, a flattening mechanism 2, a scraping mechanism 3 and a cutting mechanism 4.

[0052] Reference Figures 1-5 As shown in S3, the carding box 1 is provided below with a plurality of support columns 101 for supporting the carding box 1 so that the carding box 1 does not shake and the stability of the device is improved. The carding box 1 is provided with an upper storage cavity 102 and a lower storage cavity 103 for storing excess resin glue.

[0053] Reference Figures 1-2 As shown in S3, the flattening mechanism 2 is arranged on the carding box 1. The flattening mechanism 2 includes a pair of rotating support rollers 201 for supporting and rotating the flattening rollers 202. The two ends of the rotating support rollers 201 are connected with fixed bearings between the carding box 1, so that the rotation of the rotating support rollers 201 is not affected.

[0054] Reference Figures 1-2 As shown in S3, a pair of rotating support rollers 201 are fixed with flattening rollers 202 for flattening the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip to facilitate curing. A pair of rotating support rollers 201 are arranged at one end outside the carding box 1 and are respectively provided with driven gears 203 and driving gears 204. The driven gears 203 and driving gears 204 can drive the pair of rotating support rollers 201 to rotate, and in turn the rotating support rollers 201 can drive the pair of flattening rollers 202 to rotate in opposite directions. The driven gears 203 and driving gears 204 are arranged in meshing relationship.

[0055] In addition, one end of one of the rotating support rollers 201 is fixedly connected with an electric motor 205, which is used to drive one of the rotating support rollers 201 to rotate, thereby providing power for flattening the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip. A support seat 206 is arranged below the electric motor 205, and the support seat 206 is fixed to the carding box 1 and is used to support and fix the electric motor 205, thereby avoiding the electric motor 205 from shaking and improving the stability of the electric motor 205.

[0056] Referring to Figures 1-7 As shown in the figure, the scraping mechanism 3 is arranged in the carding box 1, and the scraping mechanism 3 includes a pair of support cover plates 301, which are used to support and fix a plurality of scraping strips 302, thereby avoiding the scraping strips 302 from falling off. A plurality of scraping strips 302 are uniformly arranged on the support cover plates 301 and are used to scrape the excess resin glue solution on the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip. A guide arc plate 303 is fixed on each of the plurality of scraping strips 302 and is used to guide the excess resin glue solution to slide onto the support cover plates 301.

[0057] Referring to Figures 1-7 As shown in the figure, a lower drain pipe 304 and an upper suction pipe 305 are respectively connected to the pair of support cover plates 301. The lower drain pipe 304 is used to transport the excess resin glue solution into the lower storage cavity 103, and the upper suction pipe 305 is used to extract the excess resin glue solution into the upper storage cavity 102. A plurality of fixing columns 306 are connected between the support cover plates 301 and the carding box 1, which are used to support and fix the support cover plates 301, thereby avoiding the support cover plates 301 from moving.

[0058] Referring to Figures 1-6 As shown in the figure, a limiting plate 307 and a shielding plate 308 are arranged on the side wall of the upper storage cavity 102, which are used to shield the resin glue solution, so that the resin glue solution cannot be extracted by the air extraction pipe of the negative pressure fan 312. A cleaning sliding plate 309 is further arranged in the upper storage cavity 102, which is convenient for workers to take out the resin glue solution and is convenient for cleaning. A pair of side baffles 310 are fixed on the cleaning sliding plate 309, and a plurality of arc grooves 311 are arranged on the cleaning sliding plate 309, which are convenient for clamping the plurality of upper suction pipes 305.

[0059] Referring to Figures 1-4 As shown in the figure, a negative pressure fan 312 is arranged on one side of the carding box 1, and a conveying pipe 313 and an air extraction pipe are connected to the negative pressure fan 312. The gas in the upper storage cavity 102 can be extracted through the air extraction pipe, so that the one end of the plurality of upper suction pipes 305 generates suction force, thereby extracting the excess resin glue solution. The air extraction pipe is in communication with the upper storage cavity 102.

[0060] Referring to Figures 1-10As shown, the delivery pipe 313 is connected with an exhaust pipe 314 for discharging the gas extracted by the suction pipe. The exhaust pipe 314 is fixed with a ball valve 315, and the ball valve 315 is provided with a blocking piece 316 for blocking the ball valve 315, so that the gas can enter the gas cover 409, thereby providing power for cutting the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip. The blocking piece 316 is connected with a control knob 317, which facilitates the rotation of the blocking piece 316 by the staff, thereby facilitating the operation.

[0061] Reference Figures 1-5 As shown, the cutting mechanism 4 is arranged on one side of the flattening roller 202, and the cutting mechanism 4 is used for cutting the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip, thereby facilitating the extrusion and curing of the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip. The cutting mechanism 4 includes an upper fixed plate 401 and a lower fixed plate 402. The lower pressing cutting knife 403 is installed on the side of the upper fixed plate 401 close to the lower fixed plate 402. The knife groove 404 is installed on the side of the lower fixed plate 402 close to the upper fixed plate 401. The carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip can be cut by the lower pressing cutting knife 403 and the knife groove 404.

[0062] Among them, the upper fixed plate 401 and the lower fixed plate 402 are both fixed with a fixed protrusion 405, which facilitates the fixation of the carbon fiber strip and the glass fiber strip, so that they will not move, thereby facilitating the cutting. The comb box 1 is provided with a plurality of contraction grooves, which provide space for the lifting movement of the limiting slide plate 406, so that the upper fixed plate 401 and the lower fixed plate 402 can move up and down.

[0063] Reference Figure 8 As shown, the contraction groove is provided with a limiting slide plate 406 for supporting the push rod 407, thereby providing support force for the upper fixed plate 401 and the lower fixed plate 402. The limiting slide plate 406 is connected with the push rod 407, and the other end of the push rod 407 is fixedly connected with the upper fixed plate 401 or the lower fixed plate 402.

[0064] In addition, the limiting slide plate 406 and the comb box 1 are connected with a return spring 408 for pushing the limiting slide plate 406, so that the upper fixed plate 401 and the lower fixed plate 402 can be reset, and the lower pressing cutting knife 403 and the knife groove 404 can be separated. The side of the comb box 1 is provided with a gas cover 409 for dispersing the gas into a plurality of contraction grooves. The end of the delivery pipe 313 away from the negative pressure fan 312 is in communication with the gas cover 409, and the delivery pipe 313 is provided with a pressure relief valve 410.

[0065] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments and can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. The embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims concerned.

[0066] Furthermore, it should be understood that, although the present specification is described according to the embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and such a description manner of the specification is only for clearness, and a person skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be combined appropriately to form other implementation manners which can be understood by a person skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid sheet, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pull carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips, and then comb them to make multiple carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips interlaced; S2. Pull the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip into the resin adhesive tank so that the carbon fiber strip and glass fiber strip can be fully coated with resin adhesive. S3. Use a combing and cutting device to scrape off excess resin from the carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips to avoid excessive resin. S4. Then, multiple carbon fiber strips, glass fiber strips, and resin glue are hydraulically aligned to make them less prone to tilting or shaking. S5. Pull out the neat carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips, and cut them to facilitate stacking and placement, so as to facilitate their curing and molding into carbon-glass composite boards. The combing and cutting device in S3 includes: A combing box (1) is provided with an upper storage cavity (102) and a lower storage cavity (103). A flattening mechanism (2) is provided on the carding box (1). The flattening mechanism (2) includes a pair of rotating support rollers (201). Both ends of the rotating support rollers (201) are connected to the carding box (1) with fixed bearings. Flattening rollers (202) are fixed on both of the rotating support rollers (201). A driven gear (203) and a driving gear (204) are respectively installed on one end of the pair of rotating support rollers (201) outside the carding box (1). The driven gear (203) and the driving gear (204) are meshed with each other. A scraping mechanism (3) is provided inside the combing box (1). The scraping mechanism (3) includes a pair of support covers (301). Multiple evenly distributed scraper strips (302) are installed on the support covers (301). Guide arc plates (303) are fixed on the multiple scraper strips (302). A negative pressure fan (312) is installed on one side of the combing box (1). A conveying pipe (313) and an exhaust pipe are connected to the negative pressure fan (312). The exhaust pipe is connected to the upper storage chamber (102). An exhaust pipe (314) is connected to the conveying pipe (313). A ball valve (315) is fixed on the exhaust pipe (314). A sealing plate (316) is provided inside the ball valve (315). A control handle (317) is connected to the sealing plate (316). The cutting mechanism (4) is located on one side of the pair of flattening rollers (202). The cutting mechanism (4) is used to cut the carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips shorter, so as to facilitate the extrusion and curing of the carbon fiber strips and glass fiber strips.

2. The method for preparing a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple support columns (101) are provided below the combing box (1).

3. The method for preparing a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of one of the rotating support rollers (201) is fixedly connected to a motor (205), and a support base (206) is provided below the motor (205), which is fixed to the combing box (1).

4. The method for preparing a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, A lower drain pipe (304) and an upper suction pipe (305) are respectively connected to a pair of support covers (301), and a plurality of fixed posts (306) are connected between the support covers (301) and the combing box (1).

5. The method for preparing a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting plate (307) and a baffle plate (308) are installed on the side wall of the upper storage cavity (102). A cleaning slide plate (309) is also provided in the upper storage cavity (102). A pair of side baffles (310) are fixed on the cleaning slide plate (309). Multiple arc grooves (311) are carved on the cleaning slide plate (309).

6. The method for preparing a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting mechanism (4) includes an upper fixing plate (401) and a lower fixing plate (402). A downward cutting blade (403) is installed on the side of the upper fixing plate (401) near the lower fixing plate (402). A blade groove (404) is installed on the side of the lower fixing plate (402) near the upper fixing plate (401). Fixing protrusions (405) are fixed on both the upper fixing plate (401) and the lower fixing plate (402).

7. The method for preparing a high-performance carbon-glass hybrid sheet according to claim 6, characterized in that, The combing box (1) has multiple shrinkage grooves. A limiting slide plate (406) is provided in the shrinkage groove. A push rod (407) is connected to the limiting slide plate (406). The other end of the push rod (407) is fixedly connected to the upper fixing plate (401) or the lower fixing plate (402). A return spring (408) is connected between the limiting slide plate (406) and the combing box (1). An air supply hood (409) is provided on one side of the combing box (1). The end of the conveying pipe (313) away from the negative pressure fan (312) is connected to the air supply hood (409). A pressure relief valve (410) is provided in the conveying pipe (313).

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