Device and method for measuring horizontal deflection and inclination of open-pit step blasting holes

Abstract

The present invention provides a device for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of a blasthole in an open-air step blasting, comprising a cylindrical base, the outer diameter of the cylindrical base being adapted to the aperture of the blasthole to be measured; a central rod axis being vertically fixed to the upper surface of the cylindrical base, a first horizontal positioning rod and a second horizontal positioning rod being symmetrically fixed on both sides of the cylindrical base; a horizontal deflection protractor being fixed to the central rod axis; a straight rod being fixed to the central rod axis, the straight rod being perpendicular to the horizontal deflection protractor, and the axes of the straight rod and the horizontal deflection protractor being in the same vertical plane; an inclination protractor being fixed to the straight rod, the bottom edge of the inclination protractor being parallel to the straight rod, and the inclination protractor and the straight rod being in the same vertical plane; one end of a long thin rope being wound around the straight rod, the other end of which being fixed to a counterweight. The measuring device of the present invention is lightweight, does not require pre-estimation of the inclination direction of the blasthole, can quickly complete the measurement of the horizontal deflection and inclination of the blasthole, and improves the accuracy of the measurement results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of open-pit mining, in particular to a device and method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination angles of open-pit step blasting blastholes. Background Art

[0002] During open-pit step blasting, in order to ensure the quality of blasting, it is necessary to accurately measure the horizontal deflection and inclination of the blasthole.

[0003] Currently, the horizontal deflection and inclination of blastholes are roughly determined using a geological compass. The basic procedure for horizontal deflection measurement is as follows: first, estimate the inclination direction of the blasthole based on the observed blasthole mouth. Then, point the north end of the compass in the direction of the blasthole inclination, with the south end close to the wall of the blasthole mouth. Rotate the compass so that the bubble of the level on the base of the compass is centered. Read the scale indicated by the compass north needle. Subtract the actual blasthole azimuth from this scale value to obtain the horizontal deflection of the blasthole.

[0004] The basic operation of inclination measurement is: first, estimate the inclination direction of the blasthole based on the observed blasthole mouth, stand the compass upright, and place the long side of the compass against the wall of the blasthole mouth, move the compass left and right along the wall in the inclination direction of the blasthole, and use the middle finger to rotate the wrench at the bottom of the compass to center the bubble of the compass's inclinometer level, read the maximum reading pointed by the middle tip of the compass's hanging cone, which is the inclination angle of the blasthole.

[0005] However, compass measurements require estimating the borehole's inclination based on the observed borehole mouth. In reality, the borehole is located within the ore (rock) mass, leading to errors in the estimated inclination, making it difficult to ensure accurate measurements. Furthermore, compass measurements can only measure the horizontal deflection or inclination of the borehole individually; they cannot measure both simultaneously, making the measurement process time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a device and method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of open-pit step blasting blastholes, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results when measuring blastholes with a compass, and the measurement operation is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0007] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a device for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of an open-pit bench blasting blasthole, the device comprising a cylindrical base having an outer diameter adapted to the diameter of the blasthole to be measured;

[0009] The central rod axis is fixed vertically on the upper surface of the cylindrical base, and a first horizontal positioning rod and a second horizontal positioning rod are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the cylindrical base, and the axis of the first horizontal positioning rod and the axis of the second horizontal positioning rod are connected in a straight line;

[0010] A horizontal declination protractor is fixed on the central rod shaft; the central rod shaft is parallel to the horizontal declination protractor, and the bottom edge of the horizontal declination protractor is parallel to the line connecting the axis of the first horizontal positioning rod and the axis of the second horizontal positioning rod;

[0011] A straight rod is fixed on the axis of the central rod, the straight rod is perpendicular to the horizontal deflection protractor, and the axis of the straight rod and the axis of the horizontal deflection protractor are in the same vertical plane;

[0012] A dip protractor is fixed on the straight rod, a bottom edge of the dip protractor is parallel to the straight rod, and the dip protractor and the straight rod are in the same vertical plane;

[0013] One end of a long thin rope is wound around the straight rod, and the other end of the long thin rope is fixed to a counterweight.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a groove is provided at the center of the horizontal declination protractor, and the straight rod is embedded in the groove so that the straight rod coincides with the axis of the horizontal declination protractor.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the two horizontal end scales of the horizontal deflection protractor are 90 degrees, and the middle scale of the horizontal deflection protractor is 0 scale.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the scales at both horizontal ends of the inclinometer are 0 degrees, and the middle scale of the inclinometer is 90 degrees.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the counterweight is a plumb bob.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of blastholes in open-pit bench blasting, wherein the method uses the measuring device provided by the present invention to perform measurement, and comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. Place the cylindrical base horizontally on the ground, allowing the counterweight to hang freely. Adjust the long thin rope wrapped around the straight rod so that the long thin rope is aligned with the middle scale of the inclination protractor to calibrate the measuring device.

[0020] S2. Place the cylindrical base into the blasthole to be tested, so that it fits the inner wall of the blasthole to be tested;

[0021] Rotate the cylindrical base so that the first horizontal positioning rod and the second horizontal positioning rod respectively point to the centers of two adjacent blast holes to be measured;

[0022] S3. Lower the counterweight to allow it to hang freely and stretch the long thin rope to a vertical state;

[0023] S4, lifting the cylindrical base from the measured blasthole along the inner wall of the measured blasthole, so that a distance is formed between the first horizontal positioning rod, the second horizontal positioning rod and the ground;

[0024] S5. After the counterweight is stable, read the horizontal deflection angle of the measured blasthole from the horizontal deflection protractor, and read the inclination angle of the measured blasthole from the inclination protractor.

[0025] The above technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0026] The present invention provides a device and method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination angles of open-air step blasting blastholes. The measuring device is lightweight and does not require pre-estimation of the blasthole inclination direction when measuring the blasthole. The horizontal deflection and inclination angles of the blasthole can be measured quickly, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0027] The present invention provides a device and method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of blastholes in open-pit bench blasting. Compared with measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination with a compass, the device and method extend the interior of the blasthole outward through a cylindrical base, use a plumb bob to position the vertical direction under the action of gravity, and use a horizontal positioning rod to position the horizontal direction of the blasthole line. This eliminates the need to pre-estimate the inclination direction of the blasthole, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the horizontal deflection and inclination.

[0028] The present invention provides a device and method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of a blasthole in an open-pit bench blasting. Compared with measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination with a compass, the device and method can complete the measurement of the horizontal deflection and inclination of the blasthole in one operation, thereby realizing rapid measurement of the horizontal deflection and inclination of the blasthole, saving time and effort.

[0029] The present invention provides a device and method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of open-air step blasting holes, which have a simple structure, are easy to operate, have a simple measurement process, are low in cost, have good measurement accuracy, are light in size, are easy to carry, and are reusable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination angles of open-pit step blasting holes.

[0032] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the horizontal declination protractor of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the inclination protractor of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the blasthole arrangement for open-pit step blasting.

[0035] Figure 5 The present invention is a top view of a device for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination angles of an open-air step blasting blasthole placed in the blasthole.

[0036] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Cross-section view in the AA direction.

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the horizontal deviation angle of the blasthole.

[0038] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of blasthole inclination measurement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meaning understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one", "an" or "the" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprising" mean that the device or object appearing before the word covers the devices or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other devices or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front" and "back" used in the present invention are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0042] Combine Figure 1In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, a spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz is established. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a device for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of a blasthole in an open-pit step blasting is provided, comprising a cylindrical base 1. A central rod axis 4 is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the cylindrical base 1, and a first horizontal positioning rod 2 and a second horizontal positioning rod 3 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the cylindrical base 1. The line S connecting the axis of the first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the axis of the second horizontal positioning rod 3 is in the same straight line.

[0043] In one embodiment, the cylindrical base 1 is formed of a hollow, long iron barrel, the central rod 4 is formed of solid, smooth, thick steel bars, and the first and second horizontal positioning rods 2 and 3 are formed of solid, smooth, thick steel bars. The central rod 4 is welded vertically to the upper surface of the cylindrical base 1, and the first and second horizontal positioning rods 2 and 3 are welded to both sides of the cylindrical base 1.

[0044] Furthermore, the first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the second horizontal positioning rod 3 are welded to the upper end of the cylindrical base 1 .

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal declination protractor 6 is fixed on the central shaft 4. The central shaft 4 is parallel to the horizontal declination protractor 6, and a bottom edge 62 of the horizontal declination protractor 6 is parallel to a line S connecting the axis of the first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the axis of the second horizontal positioning rod 3.

[0046] That is, the plane of the horizontal declination protractor 6 is located in the xoz plane, and the bottom edge 62 of the horizontal declination protractor 6 is parallel to the line S connecting the axis of the first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the axis of the second horizontal positioning rod 3 .

[0047] Furthermore, the horizontal deflection protractor 6 is made of stainless steel sheet and engraved with corresponding scales. Figure 2 As shown, the two horizontal end scales of the horizontal deflection protractor 6 are 90 degrees, and the middle scale of the horizontal deflection protractor 6 is 0 degrees. The horizontal deflection protractor 6 is welded to the central rod shaft 4 by welding.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a straight rod 5 is fixed on the central shaft 4 , the straight rod 5 is perpendicular to the horizontal declination protractor 6 , and the straight rod 5 and the axis S1 of the horizontal declination protractor 6 are in the same vertical plane.

[0049] That is, the straight rod 5 extends along the oy axis, and the straight rod 5 and the axis S1 of the horizontal deflection protractor 6 are located in the yoz plane.

[0050] Furthermore, if Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a groove 61 is provided at the center of the horizontal declination protractor 6, and the straight rod 5 is embedded in the groove 61, so that the straight rod 5 coincides with the axis S1 of the horizontal declination protractor.

[0051] Furthermore, the diameter of the groove 61 is the same as the outer diameter of the straight rod 5 . The straight rod 5 is made of solid, smooth, thin steel bars, and the straight rod 5 is welded to the central rod shaft 4 by welding.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the inclinometer 7 is fixed on the straight rod 5, the bottom edge 71 of the inclinometer 7 is parallel to the straight rod 5, and the inclinometer 7 and the straight rod 5 are in the same vertical plane, that is, the inclinometer 7 and the straight rod 5 are located in the yoz plane.

[0053] Furthermore, the inclination protractor 7 is made of stainless steel sheet and engraved with corresponding scales. Figure 3 As shown, the two horizontal end scales of the inclination protractor 7 are 0 degrees, and the middle scale of the inclination protractor 7 is 90 degrees. The inclination protractor 7 is welded to the straight rod 5 by welding.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, one end of a long thin rope 8 is wound around the straight rod 5, and the other end of the long thin rope 8 is fixed to a counterweight 9. In one embodiment, the counterweight 9 is a plumb bob. In another embodiment, the counterweight 9 is a conical object made of cast copper.

[0055] like Figure 4 The diagram of blasthole arrangement for open-pit step blasting is shown in FIG. The blastholes P used for blasting are opened on the open-pit step and arranged in rows. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the blasthole P1 to be tested and the adjacent blastholes in the same row as the blasthole P1 are designated as the first blasthole P2 and the second blasthole P3. The outer diameter of the cylindrical base 1 is adapted to the aperture of the blasthole P1 to be tested. That is, the outer diameter of the cylindrical base 1 is slightly smaller than the aperture of the blasthole P1 to allow the cylindrical base 1 to fit snugly against the inner wall of the blasthole P1 when placed within the blasthole P1.

[0056] Preferably, the outer diameter of the cylindrical base 1 is 5 mm smaller than the diameter of the blasthole P1 to be measured.

[0057] The first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the second horizontal positioning rod 3 of the present invention are used for horizontal positioning and prevent the entire measuring device from falling into the measured blasthole P1.

[0058] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of an open-pit bench blasting blasthole is provided, using a device for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of an open-pit bench blasting blasthole provided by the present invention, and includes the following method steps:

[0059] Step S1: Place the cylindrical base 1 horizontally on the ground, allow the counterweight 9 to hang freely, and adjust the long thin rope 8 wrapped around the straight rod 5 so that the long thin rope 8 is aligned with the middle scale (90 degrees) of the inclination protractor 7 to calibrate the measuring device.

[0060] Step S2: Place the cylindrical base 1 into the blasthole P1 so that it fits the inner wall of the blasthole P1.

[0061] Rotating cylindrical base 1 (such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 (as indicated by arrow b in the middle), the first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the second horizontal positioning rod 3 are respectively directed toward the centers of two adjacent blastholes under test, the blasthole P1. That is, the first horizontal positioning rod 2 is directed toward the center of the second blasthole P3, and the second horizontal positioning rod 3 is directed toward the center of the first blasthole P2. The line S connecting the axis of the first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the axis of the second horizontal positioning rod 3 is in the same plane as the centers of the second blasthole P3 and the first blasthole P2.

[0062] Step S3: lower the counterweight 9 so that the counterweight 9 hangs freely and stretches the long thin rope 8 to a vertical state.

[0063] Step S4: lift the cylindrical base 1 from the tested blasthole P1 along the inner wall of the tested blasthole P1 (as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown by arrow a), a distance is formed between the first horizontal positioning rod 2, the second horizontal positioning rod 3 and the ground D. During the lifting process, the horizontal directions of the first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the second horizontal positioning rod 3 remain unchanged.

[0064] Furthermore, the distance between the first horizontal positioning rod 2, the second horizontal positioning rod 3 and the ground D is preferably about 2 cm.

[0065] Step S5: After the counterweight 9 is stabilized, the horizontal deflection angle α of the measured blasthole P1 is read from the horizontal deflection protractor 6, and the inclination angle β of the measured blasthole is read from the inclination protractor 7.

[0066] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, after the counterweight 9 is stabilized, the horizontal deflection angle α of the measured blasthole P1 is directly read from the horizontal deflection protractor 6, and the inclination angle β of the measured blasthole is read from the inclination protractor 7.

[0067] The outer diameter of the cylindrical base 1 of the present invention is adapted to the aperture of the measured blasthole P1. The cylindrical base 1 is lifted from the measured blasthole P1 along the inner wall of the measured blasthole P1 to extend the internal structure of the measured blasthole P1 outward, thereby eliminating the need to pre-estimate the inclination direction of the measured blasthole P1. The vertical direction is positioned under the action of gravity with the help of the counterweight block 9. The horizontal direction of the line connecting the measured blasthole P1 and two adjacent blastholes (the first blasthole P2 and the second blasthole P3) is positioned with the help of the first horizontal positioning rod 2 and the second horizontal positioning rod 3. The horizontal deflection and inclination measurement of the measured blasthole P1 can be completed quickly and at one time.

[0068] There are a few points to note:

[0069] (1) The drawings of the embodiments of the present invention only relate to the structures related to the embodiments of the present invention. Other structures may refer to conventional designs.

[0070] (2) For the sake of clarity, the thickness of layers or regions in the drawings used to describe embodiments of the present invention are exaggerated or reduced, i.e., these drawings are not drawn to scale. It is understood that when a device such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "under" another device, the device may be "directly" "on" or "under" the other device, or intervening devices may be present.

[0071] (3) In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein may be combined with each other to form new embodiments.

[0072] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of open-pit step blasting holes, characterized in that: The measuring device comprises a cylindrical base, the outer diameter of which is adapted to the aperture of the blasthole to be measured; The central rod axis is fixed vertically on the upper surface of the cylindrical base, and a first horizontal positioning rod and a second horizontal positioning rod are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the cylindrical base, and the axis of the first horizontal positioning rod and the axis of the second horizontal positioning rod are connected in a straight line; A horizontal declination protractor is fixed on the central rod shaft; the central rod shaft is parallel to the horizontal declination protractor, and the bottom edge of the horizontal declination protractor is parallel to the line connecting the axis of the first horizontal positioning rod and the axis of the second horizontal positioning rod; A straight rod is fixed on the axis of the central rod, the straight rod is perpendicular to the horizontal deflection protractor, and the axis of the straight rod and the axis of the horizontal deflection protractor are in the same vertical plane; A dip protractor is fixed on the straight rod, a bottom edge of the dip protractor is parallel to the straight rod, and the dip protractor and the straight rod are in the same vertical plane; One end of a long thin rope is wound around the straight rod, and the other end of the long thin rope is fixed to a counterweight.

2. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that A groove is provided at the center of the horizontal deflection protractor, and the straight rod is embedded in the groove so that the straight rod coincides with the axis of the horizontal deflection protractor.

3. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The scales at both horizontal ends of the horizontal deflection protractor are 90 degrees, and the middle scale of the horizontal deflection protractor is 0 scale.

4. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The scales at the two horizontal ends of the inclinometer are 0 degrees, and the middle scale of the inclinometer is 90 degrees.

5. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The counterweight is a plumb bob.

6. A method for measuring the horizontal deflection and inclination of blastholes in open-pit bench blasting, characterized in that: The measuring method uses the measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to perform measurement, and includes the following method steps: S1. Place the cylindrical base horizontally on the ground, allowing the counterweight to hang freely. Adjust the long thin rope wrapped around the straight rod so that the long thin rope is aligned with the middle scale of the inclination protractor to calibrate the measuring device. S2. Place the cylindrical base into the blasthole to be tested, so that it fits the inner wall of the blasthole to be tested; Rotate the cylindrical base so that the first horizontal positioning rod and the second horizontal positioning rod respectively point to the centers of two adjacent blast holes to be measured; S3. Lower the counterweight to allow it to hang freely and stretch the long thin rope to a vertical state; S4, lifting the cylindrical base from the measured blasthole along the inner wall of the measured blasthole, so that a distance is formed between the first horizontal positioning rod, the second horizontal positioning rod and the ground; S5. After the counterweight is stable, read the horizontal deflection angle of the measured blasthole from the horizontal deflection protractor, and read the inclination angle of the measured blasthole from the inclination protractor.

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