Method for cultivating a new black sheep breed in Guizhou, north of Qianbei

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a Guizhou Qianbei mutton sheep new / black strain breeding method, which comprises the following steps: 1) breeding Guizhou Qianbei mutton sheep; 2) obtaining Guizhou Qianbei mutton sheep new (black) strain F1 generation female parent and Guizhou Qianbei mutton sheep new (black) strain F1 generation male parent; 3) obtaining Guizhou Qianbei mutton sheep new (black) strain F2 generation male parent and female parent; and 4) self-population breeding fixation of Guizhou Qianbei mutton sheep new (black) strain F2 generation breeding population. The Guizhou Qianbei mutton sheep new (black) strain is finally bred by using the BLUP method technology and combining with the conventional breeding method, through the technical means of synchronizing estrus, artificial insemination and superovulation, and the strain has the advantages of fast growth speed and high slaughter rate, and has the excellent characteristics of Guizhou Qianbei mutton sheep, such as good meat quality, high coarse feed tolerance, strong stress resistance and high lambing rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal husbandry breeding technology, specifically relating to a method for breeding a new / black breed of Guizhou Qianbei Ma sheep for meat. Background Technology

[0002] Qianbei Ma sheep, a specialty of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, is a national geographical indication agricultural product. Qianbei Ma sheep exhibits excellent adaptability to the natural environment, possessing stable genetic traits, strong resilience, good gregariousness, tolerance to roughage, strong disease resistance, and a docile temperament. The sheep has a mild muttony flavor and tender meat. The sheepskin is dense, with few injuries, high oil content, and good elasticity. However, its slow growth rate and low slaughter rate significantly limit its breeding and reduce economic benefits.

[0003] Currently, there is little research and exploration into the crossbreeding and development of new breeds based on the Qianbei Ma sheep. With changing attitudes towards mutton consumption and increasing market demand, it is both necessary and urgent to develop new meat goat breeds suitable for raising in Guizhou and Southwest China, based on the Qianbei Ma sheep, that are fast-growing and have high meat production performance.

[0004] In our breeding practices, we have observed that some Qianbei Ma sheep, through long-term self-breeding, develop pure black coats. During rearing, these pure black Qianbei Ma sheep are significantly larger than other Qianbei Ma sheep of the same age, and their slaughter rate is also slightly higher. The pure black Qianbei Ma sheep possesses excellent characteristics such as rapid growth and development and a high slaughter rate, making it an ideal breed for developing into a new meat goat strain for raising in Guizhou and Southwest China.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the problem of slow growth rate of Qianbei Ma sheep, the inventors, through long-term practical research, took advantage of the phenomenon of black Qianbei Ma sheep with fast growth rate and high slaughter rate in the Qianbei Ma sheep population. Through the breeding of new strains, and by fully combining the excellent characteristics of Qianbei Ma sheep such as good meat quality, tolerance to roughage and strong resistance, a new (black) strain of Qianbei Ma sheep with fast growth rate and high slaughter rate was bred. In addition, the breeding standards of Qianbei Ma sheep were clarified, and the results after selection and mating were stable. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for breeding a new / black strain of Guizhou Qianbei Ma mutton.

[0007] The present invention discloses a method for breeding a new / black strain of Guizhou Qianbei Ma mutton, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Establishment of a breeding population of Qianbei Ma sheep;

[0009] (2) Establish the F1 generation maternal and paternal parent groups for the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep;

[0010] (3) Establish a breeding population of F2 generation maternal and paternal lines for the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep;

[0011] (4) Self-breeding and fixation of the F2 generation breeding population of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0012] In step (1) of this invention, the specific method for establishing the Qianbei Ma sheep breeding group is as follows: based on body shape and appearance and the best linear unbiased prediction BLUP method, the Qianbei Ma sheep are identified and evaluated, and excellent Qianbei Ma sheep ewes and rams are selected to establish the breeding group.

[0013] The selection criteria for excellent Qianbei Ma sheep described in this invention are as follows: short coat, light brown or dark brown with a glossy sheen; white belly hair; flat horns that curve slightly backward and outward in an inverted sickle shape; two white stripes, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, extending from the base of the horns to the tip of the nose; black back stripe and black neck band; straight nasal bridge; broad and flat forehead; small ears that extend outward; rectangular body; broad and deep chest; open ribs; straight back and loin; slightly sloping rump; robust physique; compact structure; strong bones; well-developed muscles; solid hooves with a waxy yellow color; well-developed reproductive organs; ewes produce many lambs with well-developed teats and udders; normal reproductive performance; rams weighing over 32.74 kg and ewes weighing over 30.59 kg.

[0014] In step (2) of the present invention, the specific method for establishing the F1 generation of maternal and paternal basic groups of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed is as follows: Qianbei Ma sheep are used as maternal and paternal parents for mating to obtain and screen the F1 generation of ewes and rams of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed, and establish the F1 generation of basic ewes and rams of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed.

[0015] The selection criteria for the F1 generation maternal base group of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep described in this invention are as follows: short, glossy black coat; flat horns that curve slightly backward and outward in an inverted sickle shape; straight nasal bridge; broad and flat forehead; small ears that extend outward; rectangular body with a broad and deep chest, straight back and loin, slightly sloping rump, and well-developed hindquarters; robust physique with well-developed muscles; strong hooves; well-developed reproductive organs; ewes that produce multiple lambs with well-developed teats and udders, normal reproductive performance, a lambing rate of over 220%, and a weight of over 31.99 kg.

[0016] The selection criteria for the F1 generation sire base group of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep described in this invention are as follows: short coat, black and glossy, sturdy physique, straight back and loin, broad and deep chest, slightly sloping rump, well-developed hindquarters, strong and sturdy limbs, full muscles, firm hooves, well-developed sexual organs, and a weight of 37.23 kg or more.

[0017] In step (3) of this invention, the specific method for establishing the F2 generation maternal base group of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed is as follows: using the F1 generation of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed as the maternal and paternal line, using techniques such as synchronized estrus, artificial insemination, and superovulation to propagate the F2 generation individuals, obtaining and screening the F2 generation maternal and paternal line of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed, and establishing the F2 generation breeding group of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed with growth rate and slaughter rate as the objectives.

[0018] The selection criteria for the F2 generation maternal breeding population of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed described in this invention are as follows: short, glossy black coat; robust physique; rectangular body; broad and deep chest; straight back and loin; slightly sloping rump; and well-developed hindquarters; robust physique and well-developed muscles; strong hooves; well-developed reproductive organs; ewes that produce many lambs with broad and well-developed teats and udder bases; normal reproductive performance; a lambing rate of over 230%; and a weight of over 31.93 kg.

[0019] The selection criteria for the F2 generation paternal breeding population of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep described in this invention are as follows: short, glossy black coat; large body; rectangular body; broad and deep chest; straight back and loin; slightly sloping rump; robust physique; well-developed muscles; firm hooves; well-developed sexual organs; and a weight of 37.30 kg or more.

[0020] In step (4) of this invention, the specific method for self-pollination and fixation of the F2 generation breeding population of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep is as follows: using the F1 generation of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep as the maternal and paternal line, using techniques such as synchronized estrus, artificial insemination, and superovulation to propagate the F2 generation individuals, and selecting the maternal and paternal lineages of the F2 generation of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep for further self-breeding to obtain a certain scale of new meat-producing strains of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0021] The breeding method described in this invention uses self-breeding combined with techniques such as estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, and superovulation to achieve rapid propagation of the basic population.

[0022] This invention uses techniques such as body size measurement and reproductive performance measurement to comprehensively evaluate the new (black) strain of Qianbei Ma sheep and the growth and reproductive performance of Qianbei Ma sheep, and to screen excellent maternal and paternal lines.

[0023] The selection of each basic group and the breeding core group in this invention was completed using the best linear unbiased prediction BLUP method based on body shape and appearance.

[0024] The optimal linear unbiased prediction BLUP method described in this invention is currently the main method for evaluating the genetic characteristics of breeding livestock. It has the characteristics of unbiased estimates, minimum variance of estimates, and the ability to eliminate biases caused by selection and culling. The breeding values ​​obtained have optimal linear unbiasedness.

[0025] Beneficial effects

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of slow growth and low slaughter rate of Qianbei Ma sheep, makes full use of the advantages of the new (black) strain of Qianbei Ma sheep, further improves the growth rate, ensures the slaughter rate, and clarifies the breeding standards of Qianbei Ma sheep; through the cultivation of the new strain (breed), the excellent characteristics of Qianbei Ma sheep, such as good meat quality, tolerance to roughage, and strong resistance to adverse conditions, can be fully preserved.

[0028] 2. This invention clarifies the breeding standards for Qianbei Ma sheep, and the results after selection and mating are stable.

[0029] 3. The results of this invention, based on the body measurements of adult sheep, are as follows: (1) The weight of the rams in this invention reached (37.30±1.60) kg > the weight of existing Qianbei Ma sheep rams (32.60±3.56); (2) The height of the rams in this invention reached (63.65±3.81) cm > the height of existing Qianbei Ma sheep rams (57.25±3.57) cm; (3) The body length reached (60.98±4.91) cm > the body length of existing Qianbei Ma sheep rams (5 The chest circumference of the rams bred using the method of this invention reached (81.81±4.35) cm, exceeding the chest circumference of existing Qianbei Ma sheep rams (77.00±4.71) cm. Similarly, the weight of the ewes bred using this invention reached (31.93±2.60) kg, the height reached (57.44±4.04) cm, the length reached (59.13±4.54) cm, and the chest circumference reached (76.30±4.22) cm, all of which are superior to the comparative Qianbei Ma sheep ewes. Therefore, the new breed of rams and ewes bred using the method of this invention is superior to the Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0030] 4. Production performance tests show that the rams and ewes of this invention have slightly lower birth weight and weaning weight than the rams and ewes of the Qianbei Ma sheep, but at 6 months and 12 months of age, the rams and ewes of this invention have higher weight than the rams and ewes of the Qianbei Ma sheep. The growth rate of this invention is better than that of the Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0031] 5. The reproductive performance results show that the average number of lambs born in this invention is (2.30±0.84) and the average lambing rate reaches (230±25.35)%, both of which are superior to the comparative Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0032] 6. The slaughter performance test at one year old showed that the slaughter rate of the present invention was (53.45±2.04)%, which was better than that of the Guizhou northern Ma sheep (47.06±2.15)%. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1Flowchart of the breeding process for the new (black) breed of Guizhou Qianbei Ma sheep for meat (where: F1 generation black: refers to Qianbei Ma sheep with pure black wool in the F1 generation; F1 generation mottled: refers to Qianbei Ma sheep with brown or tan wool in the F1 generation; F2 generation black: refers to Qianbei Ma sheep with pure black wool in the F2 generation.)

[0034] Figure 2 New (black) strain of male sheep from the northern Guizhou Ma sheep breed.

[0035] Figure 3 New (black) breed of ewes of the Qianbei Ma sheep. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] (1) Establishment of the breeding population of Qianbei Ma sheep

[0039] Based on body shape and appearance, and the best linear unbiased prediction BLUP method, the Qianbei Ma sheep were identified and evaluated, and excellent Qianbei Ma sheep ewes and rams were selected to form a breeding group.

[0040] The selection criteria for excellent Qianbei Ma sheep are as follows: short, light brown or dark brown, glossy coat; white belly hair; flat horns that curve slightly backward and outward in an inverted sickle shape; two white stripes, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, from the base of the horns to the tip of the nose; black back stripe and black neck band; straight nasal bridge; broad and flat forehead; small ears that extend outward; rectangular body; broad and deep chest; open ribs; straight back and loin; slightly sloping rump; robust physique; compact structure; strong bones; well-developed muscles; solid hooves; waxy yellow hooves; well-developed reproductive organs; ewes produce many lambs with well-developed teats and udders; normal reproductive performance; rams weighing over 32.74 kg and ewes weighing over 30.59 kg.

[0041] The BLUP method, which is the best linear unbiased prediction method, is currently the main method for evaluating the genetic characteristics of breeding livestock. It has the characteristics of unbiased estimates, minimal variance of estimates, and the ability to eliminate biases caused by selection and culling. The breeding values ​​obtained have the best linear unbiasedness.

[0042] (2) Establish the F1 generation maternal and paternal parent groups of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0043] Using Qianbei Ma sheep as the female and male line, the bloodline of Qianbei Ma sheep is 100% to obtain and screen the F1 generation of new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed ewes and rams, and establish a basic flock of F1 generation Qianbei Ma sheep breed ewes and rams.

[0044] Selection criteria for the F1 generation maternal base group of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep: short, glossy black coat; flat horns that curve slightly backward and outward in an inverted sickle shape; straight nasal bridge; broad and flat forehead; small ears that extend outward; rectangular body with a broad and deep chest, straight back and loin, slightly sloping rump, and well-developed hindquarters; robust physique with well-developed muscles; strong hooves; well-developed reproductive organs; ewes that produce multiple lambs with well-developed teats and udders, normal reproductive performance, a lambing rate of over 220%, and a weight of over 31.99 kg;

[0045] Selection criteria for the F1 generation sire base group of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep: short, glossy black coat, sturdy build, straight back and loin, broad and deep chest, slightly sloping rump, well-developed hindquarters, strong and muscular limbs, solid hooves, well-developed reproductive organs, and a weight of 37.23 kg or more.

[0046] (3) Establish a breeding population of F2 generation maternal and paternal parents for the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0047] Using the F1 generation of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep as the maternal and paternal line, and using techniques such as synchronized estrus, artificial insemination, and superovulation to propagate the F2 generation individuals, we obtained and screened the F2 generation maternal and paternal lines of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep. With growth rate as the target, we established the F2 generation breeding population of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0048] Selection criteria for the F2 generation maternal breeding population of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep: short, glossy black coat; robust physique; rectangular body; broad and deep chest; straight back and loin; slightly sloping rump; and well-developed hindquarters; robust physique with well-developed muscles; strong hooves; well-developed reproductive organs; ewes that produce many lambs with broad and well-developed teats and udder bases; normal reproductive performance; lambing rate of over 230%; and a weight of over 31.93 kg.

[0049] Selection criteria for the F2 generation paternal breeding population of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep: short, glossy black coat, large body, rectangular body, broad and deep chest, straight back and loin, slightly sloping rump, sturdy build, and well-developed muscles; firm hooves; well-developed reproductive organs, and a weight of 37.30 kg or more.

[0050] (4) Self-breeding and stabilization of the F2 generation breeding population of the new (black) breed of Qianbei Ma sheep

[0051] Using the F1 generation of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed as the maternal and paternal lines, and employing techniques such as synchronized estrus, artificial insemination, and superovulation to propagate the F2 generation individuals, the maternal and paternal lines of the F2 generation of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed were further crossbred and bred in groups to obtain a certain scale of new meat-producing strains of the new (black) Qianbei Ma sheep breed.

[0052] To verify the effectiveness of the invention, the inventive team conducted a series of experiments, as follows:

[0053] I. Experimental Materials and Their Sources:

[0054] Common materials include cloprostenol injection (PG, Shanghai Institute of Biomedical Technology), injectable gonadotropin (PMSG, Ningbo Sansheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), CIDR suppositories (Zoetis Ltd., Australia), and progesterone vaginal sponge suppositories (Beijing Luxinkang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0055] II. Experimental Methods

[0056] The method of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0057] Specifically:

[0058] 1) Adult purebred Guizhou Qianbei Ma sheep rams and ewes are raised in separate pens;

[0059] 2) Using adult purebred Guizhou Qianbei Ma sheep ewes as the grandparent female line and adult purebred Guizhou Qianbei Ma sheep rams as the grandparent male line for self-breeding, the F1 generation obtained by screening is Qianbei Ma sheep with pure black wool.

[0060] 3) Using the F1 generation ewes obtained through screening as the maternal line and the F1 generation rams as the paternal line, the F2 generation sheep with pure black wool were obtained through self-breeding.

[0061] 4) The pure black sheep obtained in step 3) were fixed through three generations of self-breeding to obtain the new (black) strain of Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0062] III. Measurement Indicators

[0063] To measure body size, growth performance, and reproductive traits.

[0064] IV. Experimental Results:

[0065] The data on body size, growth performance, reproductive traits, and slaughter performance of the Qianbei Ma sheep of this invention and comparison are shown in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.

[0066] Table 1. Body dimensions of adult sheep (mean ± standard deviation)

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] As shown in Table 1, the rams of this invention achieved a weight of (37.30±1.60) kg, a height of (63.65±3.81) cm, a body length of (60.98±4.91) cm, and a chest circumference of (81.81±4.35) cm, which are superior to the rams of the Qianbei Ma sheep. The ewes of this invention achieved a weight of (31.93±2.60) kg, a height of (57.44±4.04) cm, a body length of (59.13±4.54) cm, and a chest circumference of (76.30±4.22) cm, which are superior to the ewes of the Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0070] Table 2 Growth performance results

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 2, the rams and ewes of this invention had slightly lower birth weight and weaning weight than the rams and ewes of the Qianbei Ma sheep, but at 6 months and 12 months of age, the rams and ewes of this invention had higher weight than the rams and ewes of the Qianbei Ma sheep. The growth rate of this invention is better than that of the Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0073] Table 3 Results of reproductive traits

[0074] strain Average number of lambs per litter (in birds) Average lambing rate (%) This invention 2.30±0.84 230±25.35 Northern Guizhou Ma Sheep 2.03±0.72 203±35.19

[0075] As shown in Table 3, the average number of lambs born in this invention is (2.30±0.84), and the average lambing rate reaches (230±25.35)%, which is better than that of the Qianbei Ma sheep.

[0076] Table 4 Slaughter performance results at 12 months of age

[0077] strain This invention Northern Guizhou Ma Sheep Slaughter rate (%) 53.45±2.04 47.06±2.15

[0078] As shown in Table 4, the slaughter rate of the present invention is (53.45±2.04)%, which is better than that of the Guizhou Northern Ma sheep.

[0079] In summary, this invention overcomes the shortcomings of slow growth and low slaughter rate of Qianbei Ma sheep, makes full use of the advantages of the new (black) strain of Qianbei Ma sheep, further improves growth rate, ensures slaughter rate, clarifies the breeding standards of Qianbei Ma sheep, and achieves stable results after selection and mating.

[0080] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, some modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a black breed of Guizhou Qianbei mutton, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Establishment of the breeding group of Qianbei Ma sheep: Based on body shape and appearance and the best linear unbiased prediction BLUP method, Qianbei Ma sheep were identified and evaluated, and excellent Qianbei Ma sheep ewes and rams were selected to establish a breeding group. The selection criteria for excellent Qianbei Ma sheep are as follows: short coat, light brown or dark brown with a glossy sheen, white belly hair, flat horns that curve slightly backward and outward in an inverted sickle shape, two white stripes that are wider at the top and narrower at the bottom from the base of the horns to the tip of the nose, black back stripe and black neck band, straight nasal bridge; broad and flat forehead; small ears that extend outward; rectangular body, broad and deep chest, open ribs, straight back and loin, slightly sloping rump, sturdy build, compact structure, strong bones, well-developed muscles, firm hooves, waxy yellow hooves, well-developed reproductive organs, ewes that produce many lambs and have well-developed teats and udders, normal reproductive performance, rams weighing over 32.74 kg, and ewes weighing over 30.59 kg; (2) Establish the basic population of the F1 generation of Qianbei Ma sheep black line: use the excellent Qianbei Ma sheep in step (1) as the mother and father to mate, obtain and screen the F1 generation of Qianbei Ma sheep black line ewes and rams, and establish the basic population of the F1 generation of Qianbei Ma sheep black line ewes and rams. The selection criteria for the F1 generation maternal base group of the Qianbei Ma sheep black breed are as follows: short, glossy black coat; flat horns that curve slightly backward and outward in an inverted sickle shape; straight nasal bridge; broad and flat forehead; small ears that extend outward; rectangular body with a broad and deep chest, straight back and loin, slightly sloping rump, and well-developed hindquarters; robust physique with well-developed muscles; strong hooves; well-developed reproductive organs; ewes that produce multiple lambs with well-developed teats and udders, normal reproductive performance, a lambing rate of over 220%, and a weight of over 31.99 kg. The selection criteria for the F1 generation paternal base group of the Qianbei Ma sheep black breed are as follows: short coat, black and glossy, sturdy body, straight back and loin, broad and deep chest, slightly sloping rump, well-developed hindquarters, strong and sturdy limbs, full muscles, solid hooves, well-developed sexual organs, and a weight of 37.23 kg or more. (3) Establish the F2 generation maternal and paternal breeding population of the Qianbei Ma sheep black breed: Using the F1 generation maternal and paternal basic population of the Qianbei Ma sheep black breed as the maternal and paternal parents, the F2 generation individuals are propagated by using estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, and superovulation technology to obtain and screen the F2 generation maternal and paternal parents of the Qianbei Ma sheep black breed. The F2 generation breeding population of the Qianbei Ma sheep black breed is established with growth rate and slaughter rate as the goals. The selection criteria for the F2 generation maternal breeding population of the Qianbei Ma sheep black breed are as follows: short, glossy black coat; robust physique; rectangular body; broad and deep chest; straight back and loin; slightly sloping rump; and well-developed hindquarters; robust physique and well-developed muscles; strong hooves; well-developed reproductive organs; ewes that produce many lambs with broad and well-developed teats and udder bases; normal reproductive performance; lambing rate of over 230%; and a weight of over 31.93 kg. The selection criteria for the F2 generation paternal breeding population of the Qianbei Ma sheep black breed are as follows: short, glossy black coat, large body, rectangular body, broad and deep chest, straight back and loin, slightly sloping rump, sturdy physique, and well-developed muscles; strong hooves; well-developed reproductive organs; and a weight of over 37.30 kg. (4) Select the F2 generation maternal and paternal breeding populations of the Qianbei Ma Black Sheep breed for further self-breeding to obtain a certain scale of new meat-producing strains of the Qianbei Ma Black Sheep breed.

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