Special bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish farming and its preparation process

Abstract

The invention discloses a special bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish breeding and a preparation process thereof, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 to 8 parts of fish meal, 15 to 25 parts of puffed soybean meal, 5 to 11 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 to 12 parts of wheat bran, 2.5 to 5.5 parts of compound lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis), 3 to 7 parts of shrimp meal, 1 to 3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 30 parts of modified cassava starch, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of fish oil, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of premix, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of vegetable oil, and 15 to 33 parts of fresh maggot paste. The formula of the present invention is more reasonable, nutritionally comprehensive, and each component can be better matched to meet the nutritional needs of crayfish, and can better promote the growth of crayfish, especially in that modified cassava starch and fresh maggot paste are added to the formula, and granulation is carried out at low temperature or room temperature, which can retain the biological activity in the feed to the greatest extent, improve the proportion of animal protein, and be more conducive to crayfish absorption. At the same time, the feed solubility rate is lower, the stability in water is stronger, the feed utilization rate is effectively improved, and the cost of protein raw materials is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture animal feed, in particular to a special bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish farming and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] Existing crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) feeds have the following problems: First, the utilization rate of the biological activity of the nutrients in the feed is low, or the biological activity is altered by high-temperature puffing or long-term fermentation. Second, the stability in water is too poor, and the solubility loss rate is large, which is not suitable for the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) feeding method of chewing food for a long time. Third, the nutrient ratio in the feed cannot better meet the nutritional needs of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), with a high proportion of plant protein or the use of animal protein raw materials that are not conducive to the digestion and absorption of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). In other words, the feed formula design is unreasonable and cannot effectively meet the feeding habits and nutritional needs of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Fourth, the feed cost is expensive and does not provide good economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish farming and a preparation process thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above technical background. The present invention improves the formula so that the feed formula is more reasonable, the nutrition is comprehensive, the various components can be better matched, and the nutritional needs of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are met, and the growth of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is better promoted. In particular, modified cassava starch and fresh maggot slurry are added to the formula, and low or normal temperature granulation is adopted to retain the biological activity in the feed to the greatest extent, increase the proportion of animal protein, and be more conducive to the absorption of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). At the same time, the feed solubility loss rate is lower, the stability in water is stronger, the feed utilization rate is effectively improved, and the cost of protein raw materials is reduced.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a bioactive soft granular feed specifically for crayfish farming, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 to 8 parts of fish meal, 15 to 25 parts of puffed soybean meal, 5 to 11 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 to 12 parts of wheat bran, 2.5 to 5.5 parts of compound lactic acid bacteria, 3 to 7 parts of shrimp meal, 1 to 3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 30 parts of modified cassava starch, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of fish oil, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of premix, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of vegetable oil, and 15 to 33 parts of fresh fly larvae paste.

[0006] Preferably, the bioactive soft granular feed specially used for crayfish farming comprises the following components and raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of puffed soybean meal, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of compound lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts of shrimp meal, 2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of modified cassava starch, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of premix, 1 part of vegetable oil, and 24 parts of fresh fly larvae paste.

[0007] Preferably, the composite lactic acid bacteria comprises Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis; the weight ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis is 1:1:1.

[0008] Preferably, the modified cassava starch is prepared by gelatinizing ordinary cassava starch, that is, weighing 7 parts of ordinary cassava starch, adding 3 parts of water, heating at 95-100° C. for 15 minutes to denature and gelatinize the starch, and then drying and crushing the starch for later use.

[0009] Preferably, the premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.9-1.1 parts of a multivitamin premix, 2.9-3.1 parts of a mineral element premix, 3.7-3.9 parts of 50% choline chloride, 2.9-3.1 parts of betaine, 2.4-2.6 parts of cholesterol, 0.9-1.1 parts of shrimp shelling extract, 0.35-0.37 parts of carotene pink, 0.54-0.56 parts of high stability, and 23-25 ​​parts of wheat flour. The multivitamin premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of beta-carotene, 0.1 part of vitamin D3, 2 parts of vitamin E, 0.4 parts of vitamin K3, 0.4 parts of vitamin B1·HCl, 0.8 parts of vitamin B2, 4 parts of niacinamide, 6 parts of calcium pantothenate, 1.2 parts of vitamin B6·HCl, 0.08 parts of folic acid, 0.04 parts of biotin, 2 parts of vitamin C, and 40 parts of inositol. The mineral element premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.16 parts of KAl(SO4)2, 18 parts of CaCO3, 0.07 parts of CoCl2, 5 parts of MgSO4, 0.07 parts of MnSO4·H2O, 16 parts of KCl, 0.2 parts of ZnCO3, 13 parts of NaH2PO4, and 1.4 parts of ferric citrate·5H2O.

[0010] Further preferably, the premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of multidimensional premix, 3 parts of mineral element premix, 3.8 parts of 50% choline chloride, 3 parts of betaine, 2.5 parts of cholesterol, 1 part of shrimp shelling agent, 0.36 parts of carotene pink, 0.55 parts of high stability, and 24.79 parts of wheat flour.

[0011] Preferably, the vegetable oil is soybean oil.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing the above-mentioned bioactive soft pellet feed for crayfish farming, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1. First, heat ordinary tapioca starch at high temperature to produce modified tapioca starch;

[0014] Step 2. Weigh out each component according to the proportion of the bioactive soft pellet feed formula for crayfish farming;

[0015] Step 3. Add the puffed soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat bran, and modified tapioca flour (prepared in step 1) to a micronizer or grinder to grind the powders to obtain the powders (particle size such that the powders pass through an 80-mesh sieve, i.e., an inner diameter of 196 μm).

[0016] Step 4. The various raw material powders obtained by grinding in step 2 above are mixed with fish meal, compound lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis), shrimp meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and premix, and the mixture is stirred at low speed in a blender to obtain a mixture A;

[0017] Step 5. Add fish oil and vegetable oil to the fly maggot slurry and stir to obtain a mixture B;

[0018] Step 6. Place mixture A in a blender, add mixture B while stirring, and mix well to obtain mixture C;

[0019] Step 7. Add the mixture C into a pelletizing machine specially designed for soft pellet feed, extrude it into shape, and finally package it in a one-way breathing bag.

[0020] Step 8. After packaging, ferment at 25-35°C for 2 to 3 days before feeding (that is, after step 7 packaging is completed, proceed to step 8, and then all feed within the shelf life (such as 1 month) can be fed).

[0021] Preferably, the entire production process uses low-temperature or room-temperature granulation, that is, step 7 uses low-temperature or room-temperature granulation. The low-temperature and room-temperature here are relative to ordinary pellets and expanded materials. The processing temperature of ordinary pellets is 100°C, and the processing temperature of ordinary expanded materials is around 120°C. In contrast, the low-temperature temperature of the feed we developed is around 60°C, and the room temperature is around 40°C.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] Compared with conventional crayfish feed currently on the market, the formula of the present invention is more reasonable, nutritionally comprehensive, and the various components can be better coordinated to meet the nutritional needs of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and better promote the growth of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). In particular, the formula includes modified cassava starch and fresh fly larvae paste, and adopts low-temperature or room-temperature granulation to maximize the retention of biological activity in the feed, increase the proportion of animal protein, and be more conducive to the absorption of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The feed has a lower solubility loss rate, is more stable in water, effectively improves feed utilization, and reduces the cost of protein raw materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of the product obtained in Example 2;

[0025] Figure 2 This is the raw material processing of the present invention; in the figure, the R&D personnel are grinding the raw materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other unless they conflict.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment provides a bioactive soft granular feed specifically for crayfish farming, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of puffed soybean meal, 11 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of wheat bran, 2.5 parts of composite lactic acid bacteria, 7 parts of shrimp meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 30 parts of modified cassava starch, 0.5 parts of fish oil, 0.5 parts of premix, 1.5 parts of vegetable oil, and 15 parts of fresh fly larvae paste. The composite lactic acid bacteria comprises Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis; the weight ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis is 1:1:1. The deposit number of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain is SHBCC D50177, the deposit number of the Lactobacillus acidophilus strain is SHBCC D70932, and the deposit number of the Enterococcus faecalis strain is SHBCC D14487; all three strains were purchased from the Shanghai Collection of Microorganisms Center. The content of Lactobacillus plantarum is 20 billion CFU / g, the content of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 20 billion CFU / g, and the content of Enterococcus faecalis is 20 billion CFU / g. The premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part multivitamin premix, 3 parts mineral element premix, 3.8 parts 50% choline chloride, 3 parts betaine, 2.5 parts cholesterol, 1 part shrimp shelling extract, 0.36 parts caramel pink, 0.55 parts high stability, and 24.79 parts wheat flour.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] This embodiment provides a bioactive soft pellet feed specifically for crayfish farming, comprising the following ingredients by weight: 5 parts fish meal, 20 parts puffed soybean meal, 8 parts rapeseed meal, 9 parts wheat bran, 4 parts compound lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts shrimp meal, 2 parts monocalcium phosphate, 20 parts modified cassava starch, 1 part fish oil, 1 part premix, 1 part vegetable oil, and 24 parts fresh fly larvae paste. The compound lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis; the weight ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis is 1:1:1.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] This embodiment provides a bioactive soft pellet feed specifically for crayfish farming, comprising the following ingredients by weight: 8 parts fish meal, 25 parts puffed soybean meal, 5 parts rapeseed meal, 6 parts wheat bran, 2.5 parts compound lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts shrimp meal, 3 parts monocalcium phosphate, 10 parts modified cassava starch, 1.5 parts fish oil, 1.5 parts premix, 0.5 parts vegetable oil, and 33 parts fresh fly larvae paste. The compound lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis; the weight ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis is 1:1:1.

[0033] Comparative Example 1

[0034] This embodiment is similar to embodiment 2, except that the modified cassava starch is replaced with ordinary cassava starch on the market (purchased from Guangxi Honghao Starch Development Co., Ltd.)

[0035] Comparative Example 2

[0036] This embodiment is similar to embodiment 2, except that the fresh fly maggot slurry is replaced with an equal weight of water.

[0037] Comparative Example 3

[0038] This example is similar to Example 2, except that the composite lactic acid bacteria are replaced with yeast; the yeast is purchased from Hubei Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., and the yeast content is 25 CFU / g.

[0039] Comparative Example 4

[0040] This embodiment is similar to embodiment 2, except that the composite lactic acid bacteria are removed.

[0041] Comparative Example 5

[0042] This embodiment is similar to embodiment 2, except that Lactobacillus plantarum is removed from the composite lactic acid bacteria. The composite lactic acid bacteria comprises Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis, and the weight ratio of Lactobacillus acidophilus to Enterococcus faecalis is 1:1.

[0043] Comparative Example 6

[0044] This embodiment is similar to embodiment 2, except that Lactobacillus acidophilus is removed from the composite lactic acid bacteria. The composite lactic acid bacteria comprises Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis, and the weight ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum to Enterococcus faecalis is 1:1.

[0045] Comparative Example 7

[0046] This embodiment is similar to embodiment 2, except that Enterococcus faecalis is removed from the composite lactic acid bacteria. The composite lactic acid bacteria comprises Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, with a weight ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum to Lactobacillus acidophilus of 1:1.

[0047] Comparative Example 8

[0048] This embodiment is similar to embodiment 2, except that step 7 of the entire production process adopts high-temperature granulation, which is the processing temperature of ordinary expanded materials in the existing process, 120°C.

[0049] The formulas for preparing plant extracts using the raw materials of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 of the present application are shown in Table 1, and are all prepared according to the following method: Step 1. First, ordinary cassava starch is heated at high temperature to obtain modified cassava starch;

[0050] Step 2. Weigh out each component according to the proportion of the bioactive soft pellet feed formula for crayfish farming;

[0051] Step 3. Add the puffed soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat bran, and modified cassava starch (prepared in step 1) to an ultrafine grinder or a grinder and grind them to obtain various powder raw materials (the particle size is such that all the powders pass through an 80-mesh sieve, i.e., the inner diameter of the sieve hole is 196 microns); Figure 2 , R&D personnel are grinding raw materials;

[0052] Step 4. The various raw material powders obtained by grinding in step 2 above are mixed with fish meal, compound lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis), shrimp meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and premix, and the mixture is stirred at low speed in a blender to obtain a mixture A;

[0053] Step 5. Add fish oil and vegetable oil to the fly maggot slurry and stir to obtain a mixture B;

[0054] Step 6. Place mixture A in a blender, add mixture B while stirring, and mix well to obtain mixture C;

[0055] Step 7. Add the mixture C into a pelletizing machine for soft pellet feed (model: RSL-120-7.5) and perform extrusion molding (for example, the product of Example 2 is as follows Figure 1 As shown,), finally use one-way breathing bag packaging.

[0056] Step 8. After packaging, ferment at 25 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees Celsius for 2 to 3 days before feeding.

[0057] The entire production process adopts granulation at room temperature (40°C).

[0058] Table 1

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Study on the performance of bioactive soft pellet feed for crayfish farming

[0062] Test Example 1: Determination of the Solubility Rate of Feed in Water

[0063] Test object: Bioactive soft pellet feed for crayfish farming

[0064] Test method:

[0065] 1. Instruments and equipment

[0066] The instruments and equipment are as follows:

[0067] A. Constant temperature drying oven: the temperature can be maintained at 105℃;

[0068] B. Balance: sensitivity 0.01g;

[0069] C. Thermometer: accuracy 0.1℃;

[0070] D. Stopwatch;

[0071] Homemade cylindrical mesh screen: The mesh frame is 6.5 mm high and 10 cm in diameter. Use a 0.85 mm mesh size for feed pellets with a diameter of 1.0 mm or larger, and a 0.425 mm mesh size for feed pellets with a diameter of 1.0 mm or smaller.

[0072] 2. Test steps

[0073] Weigh 10g of sample (accurate to 0.1g) and place it in a weighed cylindrical mesh sieve (select the mesh according to the particle diameter), then place it in a container filled with water at a depth of 5.5cm (crayfish farming water body, water temperature is 26℃) and soak for 5 hours. Then slowly lift the mesh cage from the water to the water surface, and then slowly sink it into the water to make the feed leave the bottom of the sieve. Repeat this three times, then remove the mesh sieve, tilt it to drain the attached water, and place the mesh sieve and sample in a 105℃ oven to dry to constant weight. At the same time, weigh a sample of the same sample that has not been immersed in water (control material), place it in a 105℃ oven to dry to constant weight, and then weigh them separately.

[0074] 3. Test data processing

[0075] The dissolution loss rate of the sample is expressed as mass fraction S and the value is expressed as percentage (%) and is calculated according to formula (C.1):

[0076]

[0077] Where:

[0078] S is the solubility loss rate, the unit is percentage (%);

[0079] m1 is the mass of the control material after drying, in grams (g);

[0080] m2 is the mass of the soaked material after drying, in grams (g).

[0081] The test results are expressed as the arithmetic mean of parallel measurements, with two decimal places retained. The test results are shown in Table 2

[0082] Table 2

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] As shown in Table 2, the solubility loss rate of feed in water is related to the raw materials. Compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 2 shows that the solubility loss rate of feed in water using modified cassava starch is significantly lower than that of ordinary cassava starch. Compared with Comparative Example 3, Example 2 shows that the solubility loss rate of feed in water is significantly increased when the composite lactic acid bacteria is replaced by yeast. This is because yeast decomposes modified cassava starch and ordinary cassava starch, making the solubility loss rate significantly greater than that of other groups using composite lactic acid bacteria and the group using ordinary cassava starch. Compared with Comparative Examples 4-7, Example 2 shows that no matter whether the composite lactic acid bacteria or any one of the composite lactic acid bacteria strains is removed, the solubility loss rate of feed in water does not change much. Compared with Comparative Example 8, Example 2 shows that high temperature makes the moisture less, the viscosity stronger, and the solubility loss rate decreases.

[0086] Experimental Example 2 Effect of feed on the growth performance of crayfish

[0087] Test object: Bioactive soft pellet feed for crayfish farming

[0088] Test method:

[0089] Step 1. Prepare some feed according to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8.

[0090] Step 2. Select breeding ponds with consistent conditions of aquatic plant growth, water source, size and location at the crayfish breeding base, and name them as Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 5, Comparative Example 6, Comparative Example 7 and Comparative Example 8 respectively, and at the same time, release the same batch of crayfish seedlings at 50 jin / mu and 120 tails / jin.

[0091] Step 3. Feed the crayfish in the breeding ponds with the same amount of feed every day. After 40 days of breeding, collect and market the crayfish until all the breeding ponds have been collected.

[0092] The survival rate of the sample is expressed as mass fraction L and the value is expressed as percentage (%) and is calculated according to formula (C.2):

[0093]

[0094] Where:

[0095] L is the survival rate, the unit is percentage (%);

[0096] A is the number of crayfish in the corresponding pond after the harvesting is completed, in tails;

[0097] B is the number of crayfish fry released into the corresponding pond, in tails.

[0098] The weight gain rate of the sample is expressed as mass fraction H, and the value is expressed as percentage (%), calculated according to formula (C.3):

[0099]

[0100] Where:

[0101] H is the weight gain rate, the unit is percentage (%);

[0102] K is the average weight of each crayfish after being caught, in grams (g); Q is the average weight of each crayfish before being released, in grams (g).

[0103] The feed-to-meat ratio of the sample is expressed as F and is calculated according to formula (C.4):

[0104]

[0105] Where:

[0106] F is the meat-to-feed ratio;

[0107] W is the total weight of feed for crayfish during the whole feeding process, in kilograms (kg);

[0108] C1 is the total weight of crayfish caught during the entire process, in kilograms (kg);

[0109] C2——The total weight of crayfish seedlings when they are released, in kilograms (kg);

[0110] The yield of the sample is measured in Z and calculated according to formula (C.5):

[0111]

[0112] Where:

[0113] Z is the yield, the unit is kg / mu;

[0114] X is the total weight of crayfish after the entire catching process, in kilograms (kg);

[0115] Y is the crayfish farming area, in mu.

[0116] The sample results are shown in Table 3

[0117] Table 3

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with all the comparison examples, the survival rate of Example 2 is mainly affected by the fresh fly maggots in Comparative Example 2. The survival rate of crayfish in the feed of Example 2 is significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 2, indicating that the fresh fly maggot paste contains disease-resistant factors and has a significant effect on the survival rate of crayfish.

[0121] As shown in Table 3, the weight gain rate is affected by the strain, feed raw materials, and high-temperature process. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, when the modified cassava starch or fresh fly maggots in the feed raw materials are replaced, the weight gain rate decreases significantly. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Example 3, when the lactic acid bacteria strain is replaced with yeast, the weight gain rate decreases significantly. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Example 4, when the composite lactic acid bacteria strain is removed, the weight gain rate decreases significantly. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Examples 5-7, when any of the composite lactic acid bacteria strains is removed, the weight gain rate decreases. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Example 8, the weight gain rate is affected by the high-temperature process. When the processing technology is treated according to the temperature of ordinary granular materials and ordinary puffed materials, the weight gain rate decreases significantly. It can be seen that modified cassava starch and fresh fly maggot slurry in feed have a significant effect on improving the weight gain rate, and composite lactic acid bacteria in feed have a significant effect on improving the weight gain rate, which is better than single lactic acid bacteria and higher than yeast. The processing technology of feed also affects the weight gain rate. The weight gain rate of low temperature or room temperature is higher than that of ordinary pellet feed and ordinary expanded feed.

[0122] As shown in Table 3, the feed-to-meat ratio is mainly affected by the feed raw materials, bacterial strains, and processing technology. Compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the feed-to-meat ratio of Example 2 is lower than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, indicating that the feed group using modified cassava starch has a lower solubility rate and has a significant effect on the absorption of crayfish, and the protein in the fresh maggot paste is more conducive to the absorption of crayfish. Compared with Comparative Examples 3 and 4, when the lactic acid bacteria are replaced with yeast or removed in Example 2, the feed-to-meat ratio increases, indicating that the feed-to-meat ratio is affected by the bacterial strain, and lactic acid bacteria has a reducing effect on the feed-to-meat ratio. Compared with Comparative Examples 5, 6, and 7, when any component of the composite lactic acid bacteria is removed in Example 2, the feed-to-meat ratio decreases, indicating that the feed-to-meat ratio is related to the richness of the lactic acid bacteria species, and composite lactic acid bacteria are more conducive to reducing the feed-to-meat ratio. Compared with Comparative Example 8, Example 2 shows that the feed-to-meat ratio is related to the processing technology. When treated at high temperature, the feed-to-meat ratio increases, indicating that high temperature will kill the bacteria, thereby affecting the absorption of crayfish and affecting the feed-to-meat ratio. Low temperature or room temperature is more conducive to reducing the feed-to-meat ratio.

[0123] As can be seen from Table 3, the yield is mainly related to the raw materials, strains, and feed processing technology. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Examples 1-2, the yield decreases, indicating that fresh maggot slurry or modified cassava starch has an impact on the yield of crayfish. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the yield decreases when the composite lactic acid bacteria is replaced with yeast or removed, indicating that the yield is related to the composite lactic acid bacteria. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Examples 5, 6, and 7, the yield decreases when any of the composite lactic acid bacteria species is removed. When Example 2 is compared with Comparative Example 8, the yield decreases significantly when the feed processing technology is changed to a high-temperature process, indicating that high temperature will kill the composite lactic acid bacteria species, thereby affecting the yield. As can be seen from the above, modified cassava starch and fresh maggot slurry, composite lactic acid bacteria, low temperature or normal temperature process are beneficial to the yield improvement of crayfish.

[0124] The above-described embodiments merely represent specific implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bioactive soft pellet feed specially formulated for crayfish farming, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of fish meal, 15-25 parts of puffed soybean meal, 5-11 parts of rapeseed meal, 6-12 parts of wheat bran, 2.5-5.5 parts of compound lactic acid bacteria, 3-7 parts of shrimp meal, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 10-30 parts of modified cassava starch, 0.5-1.5 parts of fish oil, 0.5-1.5 parts of premix, 0.5-1.5 parts of vegetable oil, and 15-33 parts of fresh fly larvae paste; The composite lactic acid bacteria comprises Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis; the weight ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis is 1:1:1; The preparation method of the modified cassava starch comprises the following steps: gelatinizing ordinary cassava starch at a temperature of 95-100° C., drying and crushing the resulting modified cassava starch.

2. The bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of puffed soybean meal, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of compound lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts of shrimp meal, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 20 parts of modified cassava starch, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of premix, 1 part of vegetable oil, and 24 parts of fresh fly larvae slurry.

3. The bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.9-1.1 parts of a multi-dimensional premix, 2.9-3.1 parts of a mineral element premix, 3.7-3.9 parts of 50% choline chloride, 2.9-3.1 parts of betaine, 2.4-2.6 parts of cholesterol, 0.9-1.1 parts of shrimp shelling extract, 0.35-0.37 parts of carotene pink, 0.54-0.56 parts of high stability, and 23-25 ​​parts of wheat flour.

4. The bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetable oil is soybean oil.

5. The preparation process of the bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish farming according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1. First, heat ordinary tapioca starch at high temperature to produce modified tapioca starch; Step 2. Weigh out each component according to the proportion of the bioactive soft pellet feed formula for crayfish farming; Step 3. Add the puffed soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat bran, and modified cassava starch prepared in step 1 into an ultrafine grinder or a grinder, grind them, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain various powder raw materials; Step 4. The various raw material powders obtained by grinding in Step 3 above are mixed with fish meal, compound lactic acid bacteria, shrimp meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and premix in a certain weight ratio, and then stirred at a low speed in a blender to obtain a mixture A; Step 5. Add fish oil and vegetable oil to the fresh fly larvae slurry in parts by weight and stir to obtain a mixture B; Step 6. Place mixture A in a blender, add mixture B while stirring, and mix well to obtain mixture C; Step 7. Add the mixture C into a pelletizing machine for soft pellet feed, extrude it into shape, and finally package it in a one-way breathing bag; Step 8. After packaging, ferment at 25~35℃ for 2 to 3 days before feeding.

6. The process for preparing bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish farming according to claim 5, characterized in that: The entire production process adopts low temperature or normal temperature granulation.

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