An aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses an aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system and its preparation method. The fire extinguishing material is composed of silica aerogel powder, surfactant, composite colloid, foam stabilizer, antifreeze agent, crosslinking agent, extinguishing component, and water. This invention uniformly disperses solid silica nanoporous material in a liquid extinguishing agent, forming a structurally stable aerogel extinguishing agent. During fire extinguishing, the silica aerogel powder and the extinguishing enhancer components interact to form a nanopolymer aerogel fire extinguishing material, giving it excellent heat insulation, cooling, and smoke-absorbing properties. It effectively blocks heat transfer, preventing the spread of flames and heat. The fire extinguishing material of this invention has the advantages of low cost, abundant raw material sources, higher resistance to reignition, lower freezing point, longer storage life, and is applicable to Class A, B, and F fires, making it a general-purpose fire extinguishing material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a fire extinguishing material, specifically an aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system for preventing Class A, B, and F fires, and its preparation method. It has certain flame-retardant properties and can be used in cold regions, belonging to the field of fire prevention technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerating pace of urbanization, the frequency of fires has increased dramatically, fire scenarios have become more complex and dangerous, and firefighting has become correspondingly more difficult, posing a significant obstacle to the long-term healthy development of human society. Therefore, how to effectively prevent and extinguish fires has become an important issue accompanying human sustainable development.

[0003] Currently, the main alternatives to halon researched and used both domestically and internationally include fine water mist, gaseous extinguishing agents primarily composed of inert gases, solid extinguishing agents primarily composed of dry powder, and water-based extinguishing agents primarily composed of foam. Fine water mist extinguishing systems are expensive and have high requirements for water quality and power systems, making widespread application difficult. Gaseous extinguishing agents, with inert gases such as CO2, Ar, and N2 as their main components, are clean and environmentally friendly, but require high extinguishing concentrations, resulting in high usage and storage costs. Furthermore, accidents causing injuries or fatalities are prone to occur during use due to high pressure and low temperatures. Dry powder extinguishing agents are commonly used in daily life, are inexpensive, and are generally suitable for extinguishing Class A, B, and C fires. However, because they primarily extinguish fires through asphyxiation and chemical inhibition, their cooling and anti-reignition effects are poor, making their extinguishing efficiency far inferior to other extinguishing agents. Additionally, dry powder extinguishing agents cause secondary pollution after use, making them environmentally unfriendly. Foam fire extinguishing agents have a wide spray range, spreading and covering liquid fuels, and providing excellent isolation and cooling effects. They are a commonly used international method for extinguishing oil fires. Current research on environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agents mainly focuses on finding green and environmentally friendly surfactants to replace fluorocarbon surfactants. However, foam stability and extinguishing effectiveness are not ideal, and the short storage period and high price mean that its main components still need further optimization. Currently, no fire extinguishing agent has been found that can completely replace halon in terms of extinguishing efficiency and applicability.

[0004] By investigating the research theories, methods, and high-performance surfactant products of surfactant compounding systems at home and abroad, this study analyzes the current research status of surfactant compounding systems. Based on the structure-performance relationship of surfactants, the synergistic effect theory of surfactant compounding systems, and the screening of high-performance surfactants using the all-factor method, it is found that hydrocarbon and organosilicon surfactant compounding systems have the potential to replace fluorocarbon surfactants in traditional AFFF fire extinguishing agents.

[0005] Aerogel particles are small in size, lightweight, and have a large specific surface area. They also possess the lowest thermal conductivity currently available, resulting in extremely high adsorption (adhesion) and fire-resistant heat insulation properties. During fire extinguishing, aerogel particles can quickly adhere to the surface of combustible materials. For Class B fires, they can rapidly float and cover the surface of flammable liquids, quickly isolating air and thus isolating oxygen (an oxidizer), achieving a dual extinguishing effect of isolation and suffocation. Furthermore, once adhered to and covering the surface of combustible materials, they not only effectively extinguish the fire but also efficiently retard flames, prevent reignition, and halt the spread of fire.

[0006] Research on traditional fire extinguishing agents over the past few decades has primarily focused on properties that do not damage the ozone layer, are non-toxic to humans, have high extinguishing efficiency, low cost, and wide applicability. However, currently used fire extinguishing agents do not possess all these characteristics. This new type of fire extinguishing agent fully meets national standards, is suitable for general fires, oil fires, and edible oil fires, and also has a certain flame-retardant effect. Its low freezing point allows for use in cold regions, providing new insights for the future development of novel fire extinguishing agents. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide an aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system, which has high fire extinguishing efficiency and can be used to prevent and control Class A, B, and F fires.

[0008] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system, which is simple in process and can be industrially produced.

[0009] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes:

[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 0.5%-2% silica aerogel powder, 2%-10% surfactant, 1%-5% composite colloid, 0.1%-2% foam stabilizer, 0.5%-5% crosslinking agent, 5%-15% antifreeze agent, 5%-15% fire extinguishing component, and 46%-85.9% water; wherein,

[0011] The silica aerogel powder has an average pore size of 20nm-40nm, an average particle size of 50-100µm, a specific surface area of ​​800-1000m² / g, and a porosity >90%. The unique nanoporous network structure of aerogel gives it many unique thermal properties, such as low density, high specific surface area, high porosity, low thermal conductivity, and a nanoscale particle skeleton and pore size. Utilizing the low thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, large specific surface area, high adsorption capacity, and lightweight characteristics of silica aerogel, fire extinguishing efficiency and safety are significantly improved.

[0012] The surfactant is obtained by compounding hydrocarbon surfactant and organosilicon surfactant in a mass ratio of 1-1.5:1.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrocarbon surfactant is one of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium alkyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sodium alkyl polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, sodium methylene bis(naphthalene) sulfonate, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and lauryl polyoxyethylene ether. The organosilicon surfactant is one of amino silicone oil, amino silane, betaine-type silicone surfactant, polyether-modified organosilicon surfactant, polyoxyethylene ether triphosphate, cyclic siloxane organosilicon surfactant, trisiloxane surfactant, and glycosyl polysiloxane surfactant. The combined effect of hydrocarbon and organosilicon surfactants is to provide higher foaming properties and foam stability to the foam solution. The addition of organosilicon surfactants leads to a significant reduction in the surface tension of the hydrocarbon surfactant aqueous solution, resulting in a synergistic effect.

[0014] Preferably, the composite colloid is any two or more combinations of carrageenan, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, fish glue, agar, konjac gum, guar gum, gellan gum, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0015] Preferably, the foam stabilizer is selected from at least one of CaCl2, NaCl, KCl, gelatin, coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine, triethanolamine, glycerol, ethanol, dodecanol, and cetyl alcohol. The function of the foam stabilizer is to enhance the foam's ability to resist collapse from the initial moment of its formation, and this enhanced foam stability is beneficial for the foam to isolate heat transfer between fuel and flame during fire extinguishing.

[0016] Preferably, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, divinylbenzene, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, and diacetone acrylamide. The crosslinking agent initiates a free radical reaction, transforming linear or microbranched macromolecules into a three-dimensional network structure, thereby improving the strength, stability, heat resistance, and solvent resistance of aerogel fire extinguishing materials based on surfactant binary compound systems.

[0017] Preferably, the antifreeze is selected from a mixture of at least two of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, urea, and sodium chloride. The function of the antifreeze is to be added to the extinguishing liquid (generally water) to lower its freezing point and improve its antifreeze ability, enabling the extinguishing liquid to maintain its original performance and state at lower temperatures, thus expanding the application range of water-based extinguishing agents.

[0018] Preferably, the extinguishing component is a mixture of at least two of the following: potassium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, red phosphorus, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, sodium oxalate, oxalic acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea. The function of the extinguishing component is to undergo a chemical reaction upon heating, inhibiting the generation of free radicals, disrupting the combustion chain reaction, and achieving chemical inhibition.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system, comprising the following steps:

[0020] (1) First, dissolve the composite colloid in part of the water, then add the stabilized composite colloid solution, silica aerogel powder, and surfactant to the remaining water, and stir evenly to obtain a dispersion.

[0021] (2) Add fire extinguishing components, foam stabilizer and antifreeze to the above dispersion, and continue stirring until uniform. Add crosslinking agent during stirring and continue stirring to obtain a mixed liquid.

[0022] (3) The obtained mixture is subjected to room temperature aging treatment. After the dispersion is stable and uniform, an aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0023] Preferably, in step (1), the stirring speed is 2500-3500 rpm and the stirring time is 0.5-1.5 h.

[0024] Preferably, in step (2), after adding the crosslinking agent, the stirring speed is 4000-4500 rpm and the stirring time is 30-60 min.

[0025] Preferably, in step (3), the processing time of the ripening step is 1-3 hours.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

[0027] 1. The main components of the aerogel fire extinguishing material based on the surfactant binary compound system described in this invention are water, aerogel material, surfactant, foam stabilizer, antifreeze, crosslinking agent and fire extinguishing component. The organic component content is low, so it can not only effectively control the release and combustion of organic matter during the fire extinguishing process, but also produce no harmful gases and release no powder.

[0028] 2. The aerogel in the aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system described in this invention is a highly dispersed solid material composed of nanoscale colloidal particles aggregated to form a nanoporous network structure, with gaseous dispersion media filling the pores. Nanoporous aerogels are among the most promising types of thermal insulation materials. Their nanoscale pore size significantly reduces heat conduction and convective heat transfer from gas molecules, and the fine nanoscale framework particles significantly reduce solid-state heat conduction, resulting in extremely low thermal conductivity (lower than air at room temperature). They also possess low density, making them the lightest solid to date, and thus an ideal lightweight and efficient thermal insulation material. Applying aerogel to fire extinguishing agents also exhibits certain flame-retardant properties.

[0029] 3. The aerogel fire extinguishing material based on the surfactant binary compound system described in this invention uses hydrocarbon surfactants and organosilicon surfactants together, so that the compounded system has better functions than the individual surfactants used alone. The surface activity and foam performance have a synergistic effect, thereby significantly reducing the surface tension and improving the foaming and foam stability of the aqueous solution. The aerogel fire extinguishing agent plays the role of isolation, cooling and suffocation fire extinguishing under the dual action of the foam layer and the water film layer. The specific fire extinguishing mechanism is as follows: (1) Isolation of combustibles: The applied fire extinguishing foam covers the surface of combustibles, which can reduce the heat radiation of the flame to the combustibles and play the role of isolating combustibles from entering the combustion zone. (2) Isolation of air: When the accumulated foam layer completely covers and seals the surface of combustibles, it can block the contact between combustibles and air and play the role of isolating air. (3) Cooling effect: On the one hand, the liquid released by the foam has a cooling effect on the surface of combustibles; on the other hand, under the action of high temperature in the fire, the liquid evaporates due to heat, which is an endothermic reaction and can also play a cooling role. (4) Suffocation effect: The water vapor generated by foam evaporation can dilute the oxygen concentration in the air and play a role in suffocating and extinguishing the fire.

[0030] 4. The aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system prepared by this invention can maintain its original performance and state at lower temperatures, has good low-temperature resistance and fire extinguishing performance, expands the application range of water-based fire extinguishing agents, and enables the fire extinguishing liquid to maintain good solubility at lower temperatures without segregation.

[0031] 5. The aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system prepared in this invention can effectively extinguish Class A timber stack fires, Class B oil pool fires, and Class F edible oil fires. It releases gas upon heating on the surface of the burning material, forming fine, dense, and burn-resistant aerogel-based foam that covers or encapsulates the surface of the combustible material, rapidly reducing the surface temperature. The internal extinguishing components volatilize and absorb heat, rapidly reducing the temperature at the center of the fire source. Upon re-contact with the fire source, the residual aerogel fire extinguishing material covering the surface of the combustible material can rapidly foam again, achieving the purpose of preventing reignition and possessing a certain flame-retardant effect. The freezing point and surface tension of this fire extinguishing material are far lower than those of commercially available conventional fire extinguishing agents. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This describes the temperature change of wood strips treated with Shenglong water-based fire extinguishing agent over time.

[0033] Figure 2 It shows the temperature change of wood strips treated with S10 flame-retardant aerogel fire extinguishing material over time. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] All raw materials used in the examples are conventional commercially available products, and all equipment used is conventional equipment.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Take 71 parts by weight of deionized water, 1 part of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 2 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 1 part of xanthan gum, and 1 part of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in a portion of the deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir using a magnetic stirrer at 3000 rpm for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 5 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts urea, 5 parts ethylene glycol, 2.5 parts sodium chloride, and 0.5 parts coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 3 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 40 minutes at a speed of 4000 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S1 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0038] A Class 1A timber stack was used as experimental fuel. 1.1L of ignition fuel was measured. An oil pan containing water and fuel was placed under the timber stack, and the fuel was ignited. The timber stack was allowed to burn freely until its mass was reduced to 53%–57% of its original mass. The above-mentioned fire extinguishing materials were used to conduct fire extinguishing experiments. The same fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher (S-3-AB water-based fire extinguishing agent, fire extinguishing rating 1A, 70B). The amount of fire extinguishing fuel used and the time to extinguish the fire were recorded, and the fire extinguishing effect was compared.

[0039] When using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S1 to extinguish the fire, the extinguishing time is 15 seconds and the extinguishing dosage is 1.6 kg. Under the same conditions, when using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire, the extinguishing time is 40 seconds and the extinguishing dosage is 2.72 kg.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] Take 71 parts by weight of deionized water, 1.5 parts of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 3 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 2 parts of xanthan gum, and 1 part of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir using a magnetic stirrer at 3000 rpm for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 4 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts urea, 4.5 parts ethylene glycol, 3 parts sodium chloride, and 0.5 parts coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 2.5 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 40 minutes at a speed of 4000 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S2 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0042] A Class 1A timber stack was used as experimental fuel. 1.1L of ignition fuel was measured. An oil pan containing water and fuel was placed under the timber stack. The fuel was ignited, and the timber stack was allowed to burn freely until its mass was reduced to 53%–57% of its original mass. The above-mentioned fire extinguishing materials were used to conduct fire extinguishing experiments. The same fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher. The amount of fire extinguishing fuel used and the time to extinguish the fire were recorded, and the fire extinguishing effects were compared.

[0043] When using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S2 to extinguish the fire, the extinguishing time is 11 seconds and the extinguishing dosage is 1.58 kg. Under the same conditions, when using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire, the extinguishing time is 31 seconds and the extinguishing dosage is 2.46 kg.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] Take 71 parts by weight of deionized water, 2 parts of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 4 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 3 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 1 part of xanthan gum, and 2 parts of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir using a magnetic stirrer at 3000 rpm for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 3 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts urea, 4 parts ethylene glycol, 3.5 parts sodium chloride, and 0.5 parts coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 3 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 40 minutes at a speed of 4000 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S3 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0046] A Class 1A timber stack was used as experimental fuel. 1.1L of ignition fuel was measured. An oil pan containing water and fuel was placed under the timber stack. The fuel was ignited, and the timber stack was allowed to burn freely until its mass was reduced to 53%–57% of its original mass. The above-mentioned fire extinguishing materials were used to conduct fire extinguishing experiments. The same fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher. The amount of fire extinguishing fuel used and the time to extinguish the fire were recorded, and the fire extinguishing effects were compared.

[0047] When using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S3 to extinguish the fire, the extinguishing time is 21 seconds and the extinguishing dosage is 1.88 kg. Under the same conditions, when using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire, the extinguishing time is 45 seconds and the extinguishing dosage is 2.75 kg.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] Take 67 parts by weight of deionized water, 2 parts of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 2 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 1 part of xanthan gum, and 1 part of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir with a magnetic stirrer at 2500 rpm for 90 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 6 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts urea, 5 parts ethylene glycol, 2 parts sodium chloride, and 1 part coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 4 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes at a speed of 4500 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S4 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0050] Using a 13B-class gasoline fire as an experimental model, add an appropriate amount of water to the bottom of the oil pan, pour in a measured amount of fuel, ignite it, and after burning for 60 seconds, begin extinguishing the fire. Use a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher to extinguish the same fire, record the amount of fuel used and the extinguishing time, and compare their extinguishing effects.

[0051] The fire was extinguished using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S4, with an extinguishing time of 11 seconds and an extinguishing dosage of 0.68 kg. The same fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher, but the fire was not successfully controlled.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] Take 67 parts by weight of deionized water, 1 part of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 2 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 2 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 2 parts of xanthan gum, and 1 part of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir using a magnetic stirrer at 2500 rpm for 90 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 7 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts urea, 4 parts ethylene glycol, 3 parts sodium chloride, and 1 part coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 3 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes at a speed of 4500 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S5 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0054] Using a 13B-class gasoline fire as an experimental model, add an appropriate amount of water to the bottom of the oil pan, pour in a measured amount of fuel, ignite it, and after burning for 60 seconds, begin extinguishing the fire. Use a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher to extinguish the same fire, record the amount of fuel used and the extinguishing time, and compare their extinguishing effects.

[0055] The fire was extinguished using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S5, with an extinguishing time of 15 seconds and an extinguishing dosage of 0.95 kg. The same fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher, but the fire was not successfully controlled.

[0056] Example 6

[0057] Take 67 parts by weight of deionized water, 1.5 parts of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 4 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 3 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 1 part of xanthan gum, and 0.5 parts of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir using a magnetic stirrer at 2500 rpm for 90 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 6 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts urea, 3.5 parts ethylene glycol, 3.5 parts sodium chloride, and 1 part coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 5 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes at a speed of 4500 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S6 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0058] Using a 13B-class gasoline fire as an experimental model, add an appropriate amount of water to the bottom of the oil pan, pour in a measured amount of fuel, ignite it, and after burning for 60 seconds, begin extinguishing the fire. Use a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher to extinguish the same fire, record the amount of fuel used and the extinguishing time, and compare their extinguishing effects.

[0059] The fire was extinguished using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S6, with an extinguishing time of 12 seconds and an extinguishing dosage of 0.78 kg. The same fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher, but the fire was not successfully controlled.

[0060] Example 7

[0061] Take 64 parts by weight of deionized water, 1.5 parts by weight of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 20-30 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.025 W / mK), 4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 3 parts by weight of trisiloxane surfactant, 2 parts by weight of xanthan gum, and 1 part by weight of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, 4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 3 parts by weight of trisiloxane surfactant, and 1.5 parts by weight of silica aerogel powder, and stir with a magnetic stirrer at 3200 rpm for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 6 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts urea, 5 parts ethylene glycol, 2.5 parts sodium chloride, and 0.5 parts coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 3.5 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 40 minutes at a speed of 4200 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S7 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0062] 7L of soybean oil was used as the experimental fuel. The oil was poured into a prepared experimental wok with a diameter of 540mm ± 10mm and a depth of 170mm ± 5mm. The heating appliance on the stove was turned on to heat the soybean oil. When the oil temperature reached 300℃, heating continued at a rate of (8±1)℃ per minute until the soybean oil spontaneously combusted. The heating appliance was then turned off, and a timer was started. After the fire had burned for 2 minutes, the fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher. The amount of extinguishing agent used and the extinguishing time were recorded to compare the extinguishing effects.

[0063] When the fire was extinguished using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S7, the extinguishing time was 33 seconds and the extinguishing dosage was 2.38 kg. For the same fire, when the Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher was used, the extinguishing time was 41 seconds and the extinguishing dosage was 2.96 kg.

[0064] Example 8

[0065] Take 64 parts by weight of deionized water, 1 part of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 20-30 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.025 W / mK), 4 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 4 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 1 part of xanthan gum, and 1 part of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir with a magnetic stirrer at 3200 rpm for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 7 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts urea, 4.5 parts ethylene glycol, 3 parts sodium chloride, and 0.5 parts coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 3 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 40 minutes at a speed of 4200 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S8 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0066] 7L of soybean oil was used as the experimental fuel. The oil was poured into a prepared experimental wok with a diameter of 540mm ± 10mm and a depth of 170mm ± 5mm. The heating appliance on the stove was turned on to heat the soybean oil. When the oil temperature reached 300℃, heating continued at a rate of (8±1)℃ per minute until the soybean oil spontaneously combusted. The heating appliance was then turned off, and a timer was started. After the fire had burned for 2 minutes, the fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher. The amount of extinguishing agent used and the extinguishing time were recorded to compare the extinguishing effects.

[0067] When the fire was extinguished using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S8, the extinguishing time was 31 seconds and the extinguishing dosage was 2.04 kg. For the same fire, when the Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher was used, the extinguishing time was 48 seconds and the extinguishing dosage was 3.15 kg.

[0068] Example 9

[0069] Take 64 parts by weight of deionized water, 0.5 parts of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 20-30 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.025 W / mK), 3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 3 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 1.5 parts of xanthan gum, and 1 part of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir using a magnetic stirrer at 3200 rpm for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 8 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 8 parts urea, 4 parts ethylene glycol, 3.5 parts sodium chloride, and 0.5 parts coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 3 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 40 minutes at a speed of 4200 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S9 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0070] 7L of soybean oil was used as the experimental fuel. The oil was poured into a prepared experimental wok with a diameter of 540mm ± 10mm and a depth of 170mm ± 5mm. The heating appliance on the stove was turned on to heat the soybean oil. When the oil temperature reached 300℃, heating continued at a rate of (8±1)℃ per minute until the soybean oil spontaneously combusted. The heating appliance was then turned off, and a timer was started. After the fire had burned for 2 minutes, the fire was extinguished using a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher. The amount of extinguishing agent used and the extinguishing time were recorded to compare the extinguishing effects.

[0071] When the fire is extinguished using the aforementioned fire extinguishing material S9, the extinguishing time is 30 seconds and the extinguishing dosage is 1.96 kg. For the same fire, when the Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher is used, the extinguishing time is 45 seconds and the extinguishing dosage is 3.03 kg.

[0072] Example 10

[0073] Take 70 parts by weight of deionized water, 1 part of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 2 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 1 part of xanthan gum, and 0.5 parts of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir using a magnetic stirrer at 2500 rpm for 90 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 6 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts urea, 5 parts ethylene glycol, 2.5 parts sodium chloride, and 1 part coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 3 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes at a speed of 4500 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S10 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0074] Flame retardancy tests were conducted on the aforementioned extinguishing material S10 and a Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher. Each experiment required three wooden strips and two identical steel containers (700×700×100mm each) to serve as containers for the Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguisher and the extinguishing material, respectively. The wooden strips had square cross-sections with sides of 39mm±1mm and lengths of 500mm±10mm. 10L of extinguishing agent was poured into each container, approximately 20mm high, and timing was started. After 5 minutes, the container was turned over and soaked for another 5 minutes to ensure all parts of the wooden strip were submerged in the extinguishing agent. An appropriate amount of water and 500mL of gasoline were placed in an ignition pan. The extinguishing agent-soaked wooden strips were placed 15cm above the ignition pan, and the pan was ignited. The ignition of the wooden strips was observed.

[0075] At 75 seconds, the highest temperature of the wood strips soaked in the extinguishing material S10 was 315°C, while the wood strips using the Shenglong portable water-based extinguishing agent reached 436°C. The highest temperature of the wood strips soaked in the extinguishing material S10 after ignition did not exceed 400°C, while the wood strips using the Shenglong portable water-based extinguishing agent could reach over 450°C. After 110 seconds, the temperature of the wood strips soaked in the extinguishing material S10 began to drop rapidly, while the temperature of the wood strips using the Shenglong portable water-based extinguishing agent did not show this trend. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Temperature changes of the wooden strips used in the flame retardancy test.

[0076] Example 11

[0077] Take 67 parts by weight of deionized water, 1.5 parts of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 3 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 2 parts of xanthan gum, and 1 part of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir using a magnetic stirrer at 3200 rpm for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 6 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts urea, 5 parts ethylene glycol, 2.5 parts sodium chloride, and 0.5 parts coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 2.5 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 40 minutes at a speed of 4200 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S11 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0078] Start the YT-510A-3 petroleum product low-temperature performance tester and stabilize the temperature of the cold trap at -25℃ to -30℃ (or 10℃ below the sample's freezing point). Insert the outer tube of the freezing point test tube into the cold trap, ensuring the outer tube is immersed at least 100mm. Pour the sample solution into the dry, clean inner tube of the freezing point test tube, ensuring the liquid level is approximately 50mm. Secure the thermometer to the center of the inner tube with a rubber stopper, ensuring the lower end of the thermometer's capillary is immersed 3mm to 5mm into the liquid. Insert the inner tube into the outer tube. Begin observing the sample flow when the temperature of the sample in the inner tube drops to 0℃. Observe again every 1℃ decrease. The method for each observation is to remove the inner tube from the outer tube and immediately tilt it. If the sample still flows, immediately return it to the outer tube (each operation should not exceed 3 seconds), and continue cooling for the next observation. When the sample temperature drops to a certain level, remove the inner tube. If the sample stops flowing, immediately align the inner tube horizontally. If the sample still shows no flow within 5 seconds, record the temperature. This temperature is the sample's freezing point. Each sample of the fire extinguishing material and Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguishing agent should be tested twice. The difference between the two test results should not exceed 1°C, and the higher value should be taken as the test result. If the difference between the two test results exceeds 1°C, a third test should be conducted.

[0079] The freezing point of the fire extinguishing material S11 was measured to be -16℃, while the freezing point of the Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguishing agent was measured to be -10℃. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0080] Table 1. Results of freezing point determination

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Example 12

[0084] Take 70 parts by weight of deionized water, 1.5 parts of silica aerogel powder (average particle size 50-100 μm, pore size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 800-1000 m² / g, porosity >90%, thermal conductivity 0.021 W / mK), 3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 2 parts of trisiloxane surfactant, 1 part of xanthan gum, and 1 part of locust bean gum. First, dissolve the xanthan gum and locust bean gum in deionized water at a constant temperature of 75°C, stir thoroughly, and mix evenly. Then, mix the stabilized composite gel solution with the remaining deionized water, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, trisiloxane surfactant, and silica aerogel powder, and stir with a magnetic stirrer at 3200 rpm for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion. Add 5 parts ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts urea, 5 parts ethylene glycol, 2.5 parts sodium chloride, and 0.5 parts coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine to the dispersion. Continue stirring with a mixer until homogeneous. During stirring, add 2.5 parts hydroxyethyl methacrylate and stir continuously with a magnetic stirrer for 40 minutes at a speed of 4200 rpm to obtain a mixed solution. Allow the obtained mixed solution to mature at room temperature for 2 hours. After the dispersion is stable and homogeneous, the aerogel fire extinguishing material S12 based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

[0085] Before each surface tension test, calibrate the relevant parameters with deionized water and carefully rinse the sample cell. Add the solution to be tested into the sample cell of the interfacial rheometer, and adjust the height of the bent syringe so that its end appears in the lower part of the computer interface. Adjust the liquid inlet motor to bubble the solution in the sample cell, change the bubble volume to select an appropriate bubble volume, select the image on the processing interface, read and record the surface tension value. Repeat the measurement three times and take the average value as the final surface tension value of the solution.

[0086] The freezing point of the fire extinguishing material S12 was measured, and the surface tension was 14.52 mN / m. The surface tension of the Shenglong portable water-based fire extinguishing agent was measured to be 22.01 mN / m. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0087] Table 2 Surface tension measurement results

[0088]

[0089] In addition, the inventors of this case replaced the corresponding components in Examples 1-12 with other colloids, other surfactants, other fire extinguishing components, and other crosslinking agents mentioned above, and tested the performance of the obtained products in a similar manner, and found that they all have similar excellent fire extinguishing ability, flame retardant performance, surface tension and freezing point.

[0090] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system, characterized in that, It is made from the following components by weight percentage: 0.5%-2% silica aerogel powder, 2%-10% surfactant, 1%-5% composite colloid, 0.1%-2% foam stabilizer, 0.5%-5% crosslinking agent, 5%-15% antifreeze agent, 5%-15% fire extinguishing component, and 46%-85.9% water; among which, The silica aerogel powder has an average pore size of 20nm-40nm, an average particle size of 50-100um, a specific surface area of ​​800-1000m² / g, and a porosity of >90%; the surfactant is obtained by compounding hydrocarbon surfactant and organosilicon surfactant in a mass ratio of 1-1.5:1, wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfonate and the organosilicon surfactant is trisiloxane surfactant. The foam stabilizer is selected from at least one of CaCl2, NaCl, KCl, gelatin, coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamine, triethanolamine, glycerol, ethanol, dodecyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol; The crosslinking agent is selected from hydroxyethyl methacrylate; the crosslinking agent is used to initiate free radical reactions to transform linear or microbranched macromolecules into a three-dimensional network structure.

2. The aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite colloid is any combination of two or more of the following: carrageenan, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, fish glue, agar, konjac gum, guar gum, gellan gum, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose.

3. The aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antifreeze is selected from a mixture of at least two of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, and urea.

4. The aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing component is a mixture of at least two of the following: potassium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, red phosphorus, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, sodium oxalate, oxalic acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea.

5. A method for preparing an aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) First, dissolve the composite colloid in part of the water, then add the stabilized composite colloid solution, silica aerogel powder, and surfactant to the remaining water, and stir evenly to obtain a dispersion. (2) Add fire extinguishing components, foam stabilizer and antifreeze to the above dispersion, and continue stirring until uniform. Add crosslinking agent during stirring and continue stirring to obtain a mixed liquid. (3) The obtained mixture is subjected to room temperature aging treatment. After the dispersion is stable and uniform, an aerogel fire extinguishing material based on a surfactant binary compound system is obtained.

6. The preparation method of the aerogel fire extinguishing material based on the surfactant binary compound system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (1), the stirring speed is 2500-3500 rpm and the stirring time is 0.5-1.5 h; in step (2), after adding the crosslinking agent, the stirring speed is 4000-4500 rpm and the stirring time is 30-60 min.

7. The preparation method of the aerogel fire extinguishing material based on the surfactant binary compound system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (3), the processing time for the ripening step is 1-3 hours.

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