An aquiclude-confined water layer sudden gushing whole process simulation test device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water-resisting layer-pressurized water layer interbedded sudden gushing whole process simulation test device, comprising: box, the opposite side of the box is respectively fixed with backpack water tank, each backpack water tank is fixed with constant pressure water source supply component;The plate of one opposite face of the box is stainless steel, the plate of the other opposite face is transparent glass, and the inside of the box is divided into clay water-resisting layer and pressurized water layer, and the position of backpack water tank is located at pressurized water layer;The plate adjacent to the box and backpack water tank is water-permeable sand filter plate, a plurality of water-permeable holes are formed in the water-permeable sand filter plate;The bottom plate of the box is stainless steel plate, and the bottom plate is provided with sudden gushing simulation component.According to the application, different pressurized water pressure, pressurized water layer thickness, sudden gushing crack width, i.e., sudden gushing water sand volume can be controlled and adjusted, stratum displacement, stratum strain and sudden gushing water sand volume can be collected and monitored in real time, stratum water and soil pressure can be collected and monitored in real time without disturbance, and sudden gushing catastrophe whole process can be monitored and recorded in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering, and in particular to a simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of an impermeable layer-confinement aquifer. Background Technology

[0002] The development and utilization of underground space is a crucial way to enhance urban resilience. However, as underground space development progresses to deeper levels, the engineering problems caused by confined aquifers are becoming increasingly prominent. Engineering accidents such as tunnel seepage and sudden water inrushes at the bottom of foundation pits frequently occur. As these inrushes continue, surface subsidence occurs, and surrounding buildings gradually settle or even collapse, causing adverse social impacts and significant economic losses. Therefore, conducting research on the spatiotemporal evolution and mechanisms of confined aquifer inrushes and their disaster chains is of great significance.

[0003] Currently, most patented methods and model devices for confined water in underground engineering focus on tunnel construction methods. For example, invention patent CN101761346B authorizes a construction method for a metamorphic rock confined water tunnel, and invention patent CN110469338B authorizes a shield tunneling method for receiving confined water strata. These invention patents only specify the construction method for tunnels in confined water strata and fail to simulate the occurrence of sudden surge disasters during the construction process. Invention patent CN115628089A discloses a method for treating mudslides when a bidirectional separated tunnel passes through a confined water stratum. This method only considers the treatment measures after a sudden surge occurs in a single confined water stratum and does not focus on the collection, monitoring, and analysis of relevant physical quantities throughout the entire process after the sudden surge disaster. Therefore, it cannot reflect the laws and mechanisms of sudden water surge disasters in underground engineering. The invention patent CN111983191B authorized a simulation device for tunnel excavation water inrush under the influence of tidal replenishment in a near-shore water-rich area with composite strata. It takes into account the composite strata and embeds corresponding monitoring components in the strata. However, it does not involve the simulation of confined aquifer strata. Furthermore, embedding the monitoring components inside the strata will cause significant disturbance to the strata, making it impossible to monitor and provide accurate feedback on changes in the physical and mechanical parameters of the strata. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a full-process simulation test device for the sudden surge of a confined aquifer, enabling full-process simulation testing and multi-source undisturbed data acquisition and monitoring of confined aquifer surge disasters during underground engineering construction. To achieve the above objective and other advantages, a full-process simulation test device for the sudden surge of a confined aquifer is provided, comprising:

[0005] The box has backpack water tanks fixedly attached to opposite sides, and each backpack water tank is fixedly attached to a constant pressure water supply component.

[0006] The tank has stainless steel panels on one opposite side and transparent glass panels on the other opposite side. The interior of the tank has a clay waterproof layer and a pressurized water layer located below the tank. The backpack water tank is located at the pressurized water layer on the stainless steel side.

[0007] The material adjacent to the water tank in the backpack is a permeable filter sand board with multiple water-permeable holes and rubber water plugs inserted into the water-permeable holes.

[0008] The bottom plate of the enclosure is made of stainless steel, and a surge simulation component and a monitoring component are installed on the bottom plate. The surge simulation component includes a first embedded stainless steel plate and a second embedded stainless steel plate, and multiple embedded pulleys are installed on both the first embedded stainless steel plate and the second embedded stainless steel plate.

[0009] The base plate includes a first base plate and a second base plate disposed opposite to the first base plate. Sliding sections are respectively opened on the opposing surfaces of the first base plate and the second base plate. A first embedded stainless steel plate and a second embedded stainless steel plate are respectively placed in the sliding sections of the first base plate and the second base plate.

[0010] Preferably, the monitoring components include a data acquisition and monitoring computer, an earth pressure cell and a water pressure cell connected to the data acquisition and monitoring computer via a data transmission line, and a displacement monitor, a DIC camera, and a flow and volume monitoring camera installed on top of the clay impermeable layer.

[0011] Preferably, the base plate has multiple sensor slots, and each sensor slot is equipped with an earth pressure box or a water pressure box, with the earth pressure boxes and water pressure boxes evenly distributed.

[0012] Preferably, a water-blocking plate is fixed to the inner wall of the clay waterproof layer of the housing, and a water-stop bolt is inserted into the sensor slot. The water-stop bolt has a data transmission line hole in the middle.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0014] Simulation and pressure control of confined aquifers: This invention presents a full-process simulation test device for the sudden surge of a water-tight layer-confined aquifer. One opposite panel of the tank is made of transparent glass, and the other opposite panel is made of stainless steel. The panel adjacent to the backpack water tank is a permeable filter sand plate, which is connected to the backpack water tank. The backpack water tank is connected to a constant pressure water supply component. Water from the backpack water tank enters the confined aquifer through the permeable filter sand plate, simulating confined water. Simultaneously, the water pressure of the confined water can be controlled and regulated by adjusting the height of the water storage tank in the constant pressure water supply component.

[0015] To achieve adjustment of the width of the sudden surge crack, i.e. the amount of sudden surge water and sand: The present invention sets a sudden surge simulation component on the bottom plate of the test chamber. The sudden surge simulation component consists of two embedded stainless steel plates and multiple embedded pulleys. The embedded stainless steel plates and embedded pulleys form an adjustable slot. By adjusting the opening width of the slot, the width of the sudden surge crack in the confined aquifer can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the amount of sudden surge water and sand.

[0016] To achieve adjustment of the thickness of the confined water layer: A permeable filter sand plate is set in the confined water layer area of ​​one of the opposite face plates of the present invention. The permeable filter sand plate is provided with multiple rows of permeable holes and multiple matching rubber water plugs. The rubber water plugs can seal and block some of the permeable holes, thereby achieving adjustment of the thickness of the confined water layer.

[0017] To prevent pressurized water in the confined aquifer from overflowing at the contact boundary between the test chamber and the soil due to pressure: This invention divides the strata inside the test chamber into a clay waterproof layer and a confined aquifer. The clay waterproof layer is located above the confined aquifer. Water-blocking plates are installed on the two sets of opposing panels of the test chamber within the range of the clay waterproof layer, which can effectively prevent the overflow of pressurized water.

[0018] This invention employs a multi-source, undisturbed real-time acquisition and monitoring system throughout the entire process: a displacement monitor acquires and monitors ground surface settlement; a DIC camera records the entire surge test process and acquires and monitors ground strain; a flow-volume monitoring camera acquires and monitors the surge water and sand volume; and earth pressure cells and water pressure cells acquire and monitor the earth pressure and water pressure of confined aquifers. Furthermore, in this invention, the earth pressure cells and water pressure cells are embedded in sensor slots in the bottom plate of the test chamber, eliminating the need for burial within the test stratum. The data transmission lines extend downwards from the bottom plate of the chamber and connect to the acquisition and monitoring computer, without needing to extend upwards through the test stratum, thus avoiding disturbance to the test stratum by the sensors and data transmission lines, achieving undisturbed acquisition and monitoring. Connecting all monitoring components and cameras to the acquisition and monitoring computer enables real-time acquisition and monitoring throughout the entire test process. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of the impermeable layer-confined aquifer according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 The present invention provides a simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of the impermeable layer-confinement layer. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the left side panel structure of the middle box;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the rubber water plug structure of the simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of the water-proof layer-confined water layer according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the water storage tank structure of the constant pressure water source supply component of the simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of the water-imperforate layer-confined aquifer according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the surge simulation components and sensor slot structure of the surge simulation test device for the entire surge process of the impermeable layer-confined aquifer according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the layout of the earth pressure cell and water pressure cell on the bottom plate of the test device for simulating the entire process of sudden surge of the impermeable layer-confined aquifer according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 The present invention provides a simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of the impermeable layer-confinement layer. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sensor slot opening on the bottom plate of the middle box, the water and soil pressure box installation, and the data transmission line passing through.

[0026] Figure 8 The present invention provides a simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of the impermeable layer-confinement layer. Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the water-stopping bolt and water-stopping rubber gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See attached document Figures 1-8 A simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of a water-proof layer-confined water layer includes: a box 1-1, on which backpack water tanks 1-4 are fixedly connected to opposite sides, and each backpack water tank 1-4 is fixedly connected to a constant pressure water supply component.

[0029] One opposite side of the box body 1-1 is made of stainless steel, and the other opposite side is made of transparent glass. The interior of the box body 1-1 consists of a clay waterproof layer 1-2 and a pressurized water layer 1-3 located below the box body 1-1. The backpack water tank 1-4 is located on the pressurized water layer 1-3 on the stainless steel side. The clay waterproof layer 1-2 is located above the pressurized water layer 1-3. After embedding the earth pressure box 4-4 and the water pressure box 4-5 into the sensor slots 1-13 pre-set in the bottom plate 1-8 of the box, the stratum material of the confined water layer 1-3 is filled in. The stratum material of the confined water layer 1-3 is made of a mixture of quartz sand with different particle sizes. Optionally, the stratum material of the confined water layer 1-3 can be made by mixing fine sand with a diameter of 0.075~0.25mm, medium sand with a diameter of 0.25~0.5mm, and coarse sand with a diameter of 0.5~2mm in a mass fraction ratio of 0.3:0.4:0.3. After the formation material of the confined aquifer 1-3 is filled, the formation material of the clay impermeable layer 1-2 is filled. The formation material of the clay impermeable layer 1-2 is made of clay-like materials. Optionally, the formation material of the clay impermeable layer 1-2 can be made of river sand, clay, barite powder, engine oil and water in a mass fraction of 0.3:0.4:0.15:0.05:0.1.

[0030] The plate material adjacent to the water tank 1-4 of the backpack is a permeable filter sand plate 1-7, which has multiple water-permeable holes 1-11, and rubber water plugs 1-12 are inserted into the water-permeable holes 1-11. A water-blocking plate 1-10 is fixed to the inner wall of the clay waterproof layer 1-2 of the box body 1-1. A water-stop bolt 1-16 is inserted into the sensor slot 1-13, and a data transmission line hole 1-17 is opened in the middle of the water-stop bolt 1-16. (See attached...) Figure 2 As shown, there are no restrictions on the connection method between the two sets of opposing panels of the water-blocking plate 1-10 and the box body 1-1. They can be fixed by welding, adhesive strip bonding, or other methods. The number of water-blocking plates 1-10 is also not limited. The number of water-blocking plates 1-10 can be increased or decreased reasonably according to the water blocking situation during the test.

[0031] The permeable filter sand plate 1-7 is made of stainless steel plate and mesh. Multiple rows of permeable holes 1-11 are drilled into the permeable filter sand plate 1-7, and multiple rubber water plugs 1-12 are fitted on it. The number of permeable holes 1-11 is flexibly adjusted by inserting the rubber water plugs 1-12 into the permeable holes 1-11, thereby adjusting the thickness of the confined aquifer 1-3. Mesh is installed on both sides of the permeable holes 1-11. The mesh diameter is smaller than the minimum particle size of the stratum material in the confined aquifer 1-3 to prevent the stratum material particles from flowing into the backpack water tank 1-4. A water-blocking plate 1-10 prevents the confined water from overflowing along the contact boundary between the tank body 1-1 and the soil under pressure.

[0032] The bottom plate 1-8 of the housing 1-1 is made of stainless steel, and a surge simulation component and a monitoring component are installed on the bottom plate 1-8. The bottom plate 1-8 includes a first bottom plate 1-8-① and a second bottom plate 1-8-② opposite to the first bottom plate 1-8-①. Sliding sections are respectively opened on the opposite surfaces of the first bottom plate 1-8-① and the second bottom plate 1-8-②. A first embedded stainless steel plate 3-1 and a second embedded stainless steel plate 3-2 are respectively placed in the sliding sections of the first bottom plate 1-8-① and the second bottom plate 1-8-②. The surge simulation component includes a first embedded stainless steel plate 3-1 and a second embedded stainless steel plate 3-2. Multiple embedded pulleys 3-3 are provided on the first embedded stainless steel plate 3-1 and the second embedded stainless steel plate 3-2. The embedded pulleys 3-3 can make the first embedded stainless steel plate 3-1 and the second embedded stainless steel plate 3-2 move towards each other, so that a groove is formed between the first bottom plate 1-8-① and the second bottom plate 1-8-②. As attached Figures 6-8 As shown, the earth pressure box 4-4 and water pressure box 4-5 are pre-embedded in the sensor slot 1-13 of the bottom plate 1-8 of the box body, and the data transmission line 4-6 is passed through the data transmission line hole 1-17 of the water-stop bolt 1-16. The water-stop rubber gasket 1-15 is tightened to the bottom plate 1-8 of the box body 1-1 with the water-stop bolt 1-16. Finally, the gaps left after embedding are filled with sealing water-stop glue 1-14 to achieve complete sealing and leak prevention before filling with the stratum material.

[0033] The constant pressure water supply assembly includes a water pump 2-1 and a water storage tank 2-2. The water pump 2-1 supplies water to the water supply zone 2-4 of the water storage tank 2-2 through the inlet 2-6. When the water level in the water supply zone 2-4 exceeds the partition 2-3, water overflows into the constant pressure zone 2-5. Simultaneously, water in the constant pressure zone 2-5 flows into the backpack water tank 1-4 through the outlet 2-7, and the backpack water tank 1-4 injects pressurized water into the confined water layer 1-3. When the water level in the constant pressure zone 2-5 reaches the position of the constant pressure drain hole 2-8, water flows out from the constant pressure drain hole 2-8, ensuring that the water level in the constant pressure zone 2-5 remains constant at the height of the constant pressure drain hole 2-8 while the water in the constant pressure zone 2-5 is continuously replenished, thus ensuring that the water pressure in the confined water layer 1-3 remains constant throughout the surge test. When it is necessary to adjust the test conditions or change the water pressure in the confined water layer 1-3, this can be achieved by adjusting the height of the water storage tank 2-2.

[0034] After the stratum material is filled and confined water is introduced into the confined aquifer 1-3, the monitoring components are deployed: the data transmission lines 4-6 of the earth pressure box 4-4 and water pressure box 4-5, which are pre-embedded in the bottom plate 1-8 of the box, are connected to the data acquisition and monitoring computer 4-7 to collect and monitor the earth pressure and water pressure of the confined aquifer 1-3; the displacement monitor 4-1 is placed on the upper surface of the clay impermeable layer 1-2 and connected to the data acquisition and monitoring computer 4-7 to collect and monitor the surface settlement of the stratum. The deployment form and number of the displacement monitor 4-1 are not limited. (This embodiment is attached...) Figure 1Only one optional deployment scheme is given. The test personnel can flexibly adjust the deployment scheme of the displacement monitor 4-1 according to the test scheme to achieve the test purpose. The DIC camera 4-2 is placed in front of the test chamber 1-1 and connected to the acquisition and monitoring computer 4-7. One of the opposite plates of the chamber 1-1 is a whole transparent glass plate. The DIC camera 4-2 can record the entire process of the surge test and collect and monitor the formation strain through the glass plate. The flow volume monitoring camera 4-3 is placed in front of the water and sand collection tank 1-9 and connected to the acquisition and monitoring computer 4-7 to collect and monitor the surge water and sand volume.

[0035] After the formation material is filled, pressurized water is introduced into the confined aquifer 1-3, and the monitoring components are deployed, the surge simulation component 3 is opened. According to the test conditions, the width of the slots in the first embedded stainless steel plate 3-1 and the second embedded stainless steel plate 3-2 is adjusted by sliding the embedded pulley 3-3 to regulate the width of the surge cracks and thus the amount of surged water and sand. When the surge simulation component 3 is opened, the water and sand in the confined aquifer 1-3 begin to surge downwards from the surge simulation component 3 and flow into the water and sand collection tank 1-9. The monitoring components and cameras of the monitoring assembly begin to perform real-time, undisturbed data acquisition and monitoring of the entire surge test process.

[0036] Furthermore, the monitoring components include a data acquisition and monitoring computer 4-7, an earth pressure cell 4-4 and a water pressure cell 4-5 connected to the data acquisition and monitoring computer 4-7 via a data transmission line 4-6, and a displacement monitor 4-1, a DIC camera 4-2, and a flow and volume monitoring camera 4-3 installed on top of the clay impermeable layer 1-2. Multiple sensor slots 1-13 are provided on the base plate 1-8, and earth pressure cells 4-4 and water pressure cells 4-5 are evenly arranged within these sensor slots 1-13. (See attached image) Figures 5-7 As shown, multiple earth pressure boxes 4-4 and water pressure boxes 4-5 are embedded in sensor slots 1-13 pre-set in the bottom plate 1-8 of the housing. The arrangement of the earth pressure boxes 4-4 and water pressure boxes 4-5 in the plane of the bottom plate 1-8 is not limited. In this embodiment, as shown in the attached diagram... Figure 6As shown, earth pressure cells 4-4 and water pressure cells 4-5 are arranged alternately in groups of four from top to bottom and left to right. The advantage of this arrangement is that it can not only collect and monitor the planar distribution of earth and water pressure when the stress is symmetrically distributed after a sudden surge of confined aquifer, but also when the stress is asymmetrically distributed, it can still collect and monitor the planar distribution of earth and water pressure. In addition, the earth pressure cells 4-4 and water pressure cells 4-5 are embedded in the sensor slots 1-13 pre-set in the bottom plate 1-8 of the enclosure, without needing to be buried inside the stratum material. The data transmission line 4-6 can pass downward from the bottom plate 1-8 of the enclosure and connect to the data acquisition and monitoring computer 4-7, without needing to pass upward through the test stratum. This eliminates the disturbance of the monitoring components and data transmission line to the test stratum, realizing undisturbed collection and monitoring of soil and water pressure after a sudden surge of confined aquifer.

[0037] In this embodiment, as shown in the appendix Figures 5-6 As shown, the surge simulation component 3 is rectangular to simulate the surge cracks in a long, narrow confined aquifer, and only one surge simulation component 3 is installed on the bottom plate 1-8 of the box. However, in this invention, the shape of the surge simulation component 3 can also be circular, square, triangular, or other irregular shapes, and the number of surge simulation components 3 can also be two or more to simulate surge cracks in confined aquifers under multiple conditions and in various forms. In this case, the arrangement of the earth pressure box 4-4 and the water pressure box 4-5 on the bottom plate 1-8 of the box will also change accordingly, so as to study the surge disaster law and mechanism of confined aquifer 1-3 under different surge conditions.

[0038] The number of devices and processing scale described herein are for the purpose of simplifying the description of the invention, and applications, modifications and variations thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0039] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge in an impermeable layer-confinement aquifer, characterized in that, include: The box body (1-1) has backpack water tanks (1-4) fixedly attached to one of its opposite sides, and each backpack water tank (1-4) is fixedly attached to a constant pressure water supply component. The box body (1-1) has stainless steel on one opposite side and transparent glass on the other opposite side. The interior of the box body (1-1) has a clay waterproof layer (1-2) and a pressurized water layer (1-3) located below the box body (1-1). The backpack water tank (1-4) is located at the pressurized water layer (1-3) on the stainless steel side. The plate material adjacent to the box body (1-1) and the backpack water tank (1-4) is a water-permeable filter sand plate (1-7). The water-permeable filter sand plate (1-7) has multiple water-permeable holes (1-11), and rubber water plugs (1-12) are inserted into the water-permeable holes (1-11). The bottom plate (1-8) of the enclosure (1-1) is made of stainless steel plate, and a surge simulation component (3) and a monitoring component are provided on the bottom plate (1-8). The surge simulation component (3) includes a first embedded stainless steel plate (3-1) and a second embedded stainless steel plate (3-2). Multiple embedded pulleys (3-3) are provided on both the first embedded stainless steel plate (3-1) and the second embedded stainless steel plate (3-2). The base plate (1-8) includes a first base plate (1-8-①) and a second base plate (1-8-②) disposed opposite to the first base plate (1-8-①). Sliding sections are respectively opened on the surfaces opposite to the first base plate (1-8-①) and the second base plate (1-8-②). A first embedded stainless steel plate (3-1) and a second embedded stainless steel plate (3-2) are respectively placed in the sliding sections of the first base plate (1-8-①) and the second base plate (1-8-②).

2. The simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of an impermeable layer-confined aquifer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring components include a data acquisition and monitoring computer (4-7), an earth pressure cell (4-4), a water pressure cell (4-5) connected to the data acquisition and monitoring computer (4-7) via a data transmission line (4-6), and a displacement monitor (4-1), a DIC camera (4-2), and a flow and volume monitoring camera (4-3) installed on top of the clay impermeable layer (1-2).

3. The simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of an impermeable layer-confinement layer as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple sensor slots (1-13) are provided on the base plate (1-8). Each sensor slot (1-13) is equipped with an earth pressure box (4-4) or a water pressure box (4-5). The earth pressure box (4-4) and the water pressure box (4-5) are evenly distributed.

4. The simulation test device for the entire process of sudden surge of an impermeable layer-confinement layer as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The housing (1-1) is fixed to the inner wall of the clay waterproof layer (1-2) with a water-blocking plate (1-10). A water-stop bolt (1-16) is inserted into the sensor slot (1-13). A data transmission line hole (1-17) is opened in the middle of the water-stop bolt (1-16).

Images