A deformation monitoring system

Abstract

The application discloses a deformation monitoring system, which comprises a rainfall monitoring subsystem, a rain gauge for monitoring rainfall; a GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, which comprises a plurality of GNSS settlement monitoring points and a GNSS settlement reference point; a video monitoring subsystem, which is provided with a monitoring probe on the top of a support to monitor the deformation of the front edge of a mountain landslide body; an internal displacement monitoring subsystem, which is provided with a clinometer to monitor the angle change of the vertical plane in the horizontal direction of the mountain landslide body; and a crack monitoring subsystem, which is provided with crack monitoring equipment on the main or relatively changed cracks of the mountain landslide body to monitor. The monitoring system can realize remote viewing, control, management and maintenance of the mountain landslide body, and webpage remote operation is convenient and easy to use. Compared with the lag caused by the current artificial periodic monitoring, the monitoring system can improve the timeliness and convenience of the mountain landslide body monitoring, and the monitoring work is more efficient and convenient, and is convenient to popularize and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster monitoring technology, and in particular to a deformation monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] my country has a vast territory with complex geological and geographical environments and significant spatial and temporal variations in climate. These complex geological and geomorphological conditions make my country one of the countries most severely affected by geological disasters in the world. my country's geological disasters mainly include landslides, mudslides, debris flows, ground subsidence, and ground fissures, characterized by their wide distribution, frequent activity, and severe damage. Landslides are the most serious type of geological disaster. According to statistics from the Ministry of Land and Resources, landslides, mudslides, and debris flows cover 44.8% of the country's land area. Geological disasters pose an extremely serious threat to the lives and property of the Chinese people and the national economy, severely impacting the sustainable development of my country's society and economy.

[0003] According to incomplete statistics, more than 70 cities and over 460 counties across the country are threatened and harmed by landslides, causing an average annual economic loss of at least 3.5 to 8 billion yuan. At the same time, the construction and operation of many key national projects are also threatened by landslides, such as the Three Gorges Dam and other water conservancy projects in the mountainous southwest region.

[0004] Therefore, landslide monitoring is particularly important. However, existing technologies for landslide monitoring are mainly limited to manual periodic monitoring, which cannot meet the monitoring effect of landslide disasters. There is a lag in monitoring and forecasting. Not only is the workload heavy and difficult, but it is also difficult to maintain real-time monitoring of landslide changes 24 hours a day. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a deformation monitoring system to provide an effective basis for accurate and timely forecasting of landslide disasters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a deformation monitoring system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a deformation monitoring system, comprising a monitoring system, wherein the system includes:

[0007] The rainfall monitoring subsystem involves pouring stone piers at monitoring points on landslide bodies in mountainous areas, installing supports on the stone piers, and monitoring rainfall data in mountainous areas through rain gauges installed on the top of the supports. The monitored rainfall data is then transmitted to a server terminal for calculation and analysis via wired or wireless networks.

[0008] The GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem consists of multiple GNSS settlement monitoring points and a GNSS settlement reference point. The GNSS settlement monitoring points use BeiDou satellite positioning coordinates to acquire surface displacement data of landslide bodies in mountainous areas and upload it to the GNSS settlement reference point for correction data. The correction data is then transmitted to the server terminal via wired or wireless network for calculation and analysis.

[0009] The video surveillance subsystem installs monitoring probes on the top of the support frame to monitor the deformation of the leading edge of the landslide body in the mountainous area and transmits the monitoring video to the server terminal via wired or wireless network.

[0010] The internal displacement monitoring subsystem monitors the angular changes of the vertical plane of the landslide body in the horizontal direction using an inclinometer, and transmits the monitoring data to the server terminal via a wired or wireless network.

[0011] The crack monitoring subsystem deploys crack monitoring equipment on the main or significantly changing cracks of landslide bodies in mountainous areas to monitor crack changes and transmit the data to a server terminal via wired or wireless networks.

[0012] Preferably, the bracket is also fixedly installed with an audible and visual alarm for hazard warning. In the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, the GNSS settlement reference point includes a Beidou reference station receiver for signal reception and a monitoring equipment box for housing the intelligent operation and maintenance terminal. A vertically upward column tube is fixed at the top of the monitoring equipment box for the installation and positioning of the Beidou reference station receiver. A door that can be rotated and opened and closed is installed at the front opening of the monitoring equipment box. An electronic lock for locking the position between the door and the monitoring equipment box is installed on the door. A drive shaft that can move horizontally back and forth is provided inside the monitoring equipment box, and the front end of the drive shaft passes through the front of the monitoring equipment box and extends to the outside.

[0013] The column tube is equipped with a movable top rod, and the end of the drive shaft is fixedly equipped with a shim block. One side of the shim block is equipped with a guide slope. The top of the inner side of the column tube is equipped with a pin assembly, and the opening and closing of the pin assembly can be driven by the lifting and lowering of the top rod. The bottom of the Beidou reference station receiver is fixedly equipped with a positioning sleeve that can be fitted onto the outer wall of the column tube. Both the positioning sleeve and the inner wall of the column tube are provided with slots that match the pin assembly.

[0014] Preferably, the pin assembly includes a C-shaped pin, a rotatable drive disc is provided on the top inner side of the column tube, a first connecting rod is rotatably provided on the side wall of the drive disc, and the end of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the middle of the C-shaped pin.

[0015] A transmission gear is provided on the side of the drive disc away from the first connecting rod, and a rack plate that meshes with the outer wall of the transmission gear is fixed at the top of the push rod.

[0016] Preferably, a positioning groove is provided on the back of the door corresponding to the position of the drive shaft, a locking groove is provided on the inner wall of the positioning groove, a locking block matching the locking groove is movably provided at the end of the drive shaft, and the locking block is telescopically provided on the outer wall of the end of the drive shaft. A second return spring is provided at the end of the locking block located in the inner cavity of the drive shaft for driving the locking block to retract automatically.

[0017] The outer wall of the drive shaft is fitted with a sliding sleeve, the outer wall of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box, a limiting plate is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the drive shaft, and a return spring is fixedly provided between the limiting plate and the sliding sleeve.

[0018] Preferably, the drive shaft has a rotatable connecting shaft inside, and an elliptical disk is fixedly provided at the end of the connecting shaft near the locking block. A limiting groove is opened at the top of the drive shaft, and a connecting through hole communicating with the inside of the drive shaft is opened at the bottom of the limiting groove. A connecting rod is movably provided in the connecting through hole, and a cylindrical block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rod. A side ear is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting shaft, and a strip-shaped through hole is opened in the middle of the side ear. The outer wall of the cylindrical block is movably inserted into the inner side of the strip-shaped through hole.

[0019] Preferably, the outer wall of the drive shaft is movably fitted with a bearing sleeve that matches the limiting groove. A limiting rod is movably inserted into the top of the bearing sleeve. A return spring three is fixedly connected between the limiting rod and the bearing sleeve. An electromagnet is provided directly above the return spring three. The electromagnet is fixedly set with the bearing sleeve. The side wall of the bearing sleeve is fixedly set with the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box.

[0020] Preferably, ventilation windows are provided on both sides of the monitoring equipment box, an exhaust fan is fixedly provided on the inner wall of one side of the monitoring equipment box at the position corresponding to the ventilation window, and a position switch is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box facing the end face of the drive shaft.

[0021] Preferably, a dustproof and breathable mesh is fixedly installed at the ventilation window on the side of the monitoring equipment box away from the exhaust fan. The side wall of the monitoring equipment box is provided with a cleaning brush for cleaning the surface of the dustproof and breathable mesh. The bottom of the cleaning brush is rotatably connected to a third link, and the bottom of the third link is rotatably connected to the side wall of the drive shaft.

[0022] Preferably, there are two cleaning brushes symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom of the dustproof and breathable mesh. Both ends of the two cleaning brushes are rotatably connected to a second connecting rod. A T-shaped pin is movably inserted into the same end of two adjacent second connecting rods. A guide slot is opened in the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box, and the end of the T-shaped pin is movably inserted into the inner side of the guide slot at the corresponding position.

[0023] Preferably, the bottom of the top rod is U-shaped and a roller is rotatably connected to its inner side; the cross-section of the column tube is I-shaped; a guide strip is fixedly provided at the middle of the top of the shim block; one end of the guide strip extends to the top of the drive shaft; a solar power generation panel is fixedly provided on the top of the side wall of the monitoring equipment box; a lightning rod is fixedly provided on the top of the monitoring equipment box; and the bottom end of the lightning rod is connected to the ground through a wire.

[0024] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0025] The monitoring system provided by this invention enables remote viewing, control, management and maintenance of landslides in mountainous areas. The web-based remote operation is convenient and easy to use. Compared with the lag caused by current manual periodic monitoring, it can improve the timeliness and convenience of monitoring landslides in mountainous areas, making the monitoring work more efficient and convenient, and easy to promote and use.

[0026] The monitoring equipment box provided by this invention can lock the Beidou reference station receiver on its column internally, which has a good anti-theft effect. At the same time, the Beidou reference station receiver can be unlocked on the column tube after the box door is opened, which not only prevents theft but also facilitates disassembly and maintenance, making it more practical.

[0027] This invention enables the locking of the cabinet door after it is closed by cooperating with the locking block on the drive shaft and the locking groove in the slot on the cabinet door, and by using the drive between the connecting rod and the side ear. At the same time, the electronic lock and the electromagnet are electrically connected through the controller, so that the electronic lock can lock the cabinet door in the event of abnormal unlocking, thereby achieving the anti-theft function and enhancing the overall anti-theft performance. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the rainfall monitoring subsystem, GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, and video surveillance subsystem of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the monitoring equipment box in the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the front of the Beidou reference station receiver of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a top sectional view of the monitoring equipment box of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the end face at the main drive shaft of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting rod and the side lug of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the main drive shaft of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10 This is a side cross-sectional view of the monitoring equipment box of the present invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 100, Concrete base; 101, Support frame; 102, Rain gauge; 103, Monitoring probe; 104, Audible and visual alarm; 200, Monitoring equipment box; 201, Box door; 202, Electronic lock; 203, Lightning rod; 204, Solar panel; 205, Cleaning brush; 206, Dustproof and breathable mesh; 300, Beidou reference station receiver; 301, Column tube; 302, Positioning sleeve; 303, Drive disc; 304, C-pin; 305, First connecting rod; 306, Slot; 307, Transmission gear; 308, Rack plate; 309, Top rod; 310, Roller; 311, Elevating block; 312, Guide slope; 3 13. Guide bar; 400. Drive shaft; 401. Position switch; 402. Exhaust fan; 403. Sliding sleeve; 404. Limit plate; 405. Return spring one; 500. Locking block; 501. Positioning groove; 502. Locking groove; 503. Return spring two; 504. Connecting shaft; 505. Elliptical disk; 506. Bearing sleeve; 507. Electromagnet; 508. Limiting rod; 509. Return spring three; 510. Limiting groove; 511. Connecting through hole; 512. Connecting rod; 513. Side lug; 514. Cylindrical block; 515. Strip through hole; 600. Second connecting rod; 601. T-pin; 602. Third connecting rod; 603. Guide slot. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The present invention provides a deformation monitoring system, including a monitoring system comprising a rainfall monitoring subsystem, a GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, a video surveillance subsystem, an internal displacement monitoring subsystem, and a crack monitoring subsystem.

[0041] In addition, the above system also needs to be configured with system lightning protection, system communication, system power supply, monitoring center and system software configuration.

[0042] The system's lightning protection includes three aspects: external lightning protection, which means that more than 50% of the lightning current is discharged into the ground by external lightning protection devices (lightning arresters, down conductors and grounding devices);

[0043] Internal lightning protection refers to the use of equipotential bonding, shielding, flashover protection technologies and devices to block the path of lightning waves intrusion along metal conductors and spatial electromagnetic fields. It mainly includes adding overvoltage protection devices at the front end of the equipment, parallel surge protection devices (SPDs), shielding of incoming metal pipelines, equipment shielding, equipotential bonding, and integrated cabling.

[0044] Surge protection utilizes the nonlinear characteristics of certain components to form surge protection devices (SPDs) and connects them in power distribution and signal lines to discharge accumulated overvoltages and overcurrents to the ground.

[0045] The system primarily uses the simple and easy-to-use GPRS communication method. Other communication methods include wireless bridges and fiber optics. When constructing a wireless communication network, the following points should be noted: The access device mounting pole must be stable and free from significant swaying; pay attention to the antenna installation angle; the horizontal and vertical installation deviation should not exceed 3°, and the antenna must be securely fixed; the antenna grounding wire must be reliably connected, and the grounding point must be connected to the grounding grid; the antenna installation location should be within the protection range of a lightning rod, and signal surge protectors should be installed on the data lines; after installation, a full network point-to-point cross-communication test should be conducted. If the traffic, stability, signal strength, etc., do not meet the relevant requirements, the antenna installation location, direction, angle, and internal settings must be adjusted to ensure that communication at each point meets the requirements. Test records should be kept during the testing process, and a test report should be generated.

[0046] In the system power supply, priority should be given to using wide-voltage operating equipment; the power supply system adopts a topological power supply network, and the overall structure should be a three-phase live wire and a one-phase neutral wire main power supply line, with branch lines branching out from each cross section. One live wire and the neutral wire serve as the main power supply for the monitoring system, and the other two live wires serve as the main power supply for supplementary lighting (if needed); a main line voltage stabilizer should be installed in the power supply, and downstream voltage stabilizers should be installed according to the line length; a backup diesel / gasoline generator should be installed at the main power supply as needed, and the generator power should have a surplus. If the power supply for the monitoring center and the landslide area monitoring network is independent, a small generator should also be considered for the monitoring center; the power of each device and line loss should be scientifically calculated, and backup power should be configured reasonably according to requirements, such as equipping each monitoring point with an online backup power supply of appropriate capacity and configuring a large-capacity backup power supply at the monitoring center. The system includes intelligent online backup power supplies and battery packs, and can also be equipped with solar charging to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction (using monocrystalline, 12V, 100W solar panels and 100AH, 12V maintenance-free batteries). Under normal sunlight conditions, the battery capacity (Q) = I (amperes) * H (hours), where I = W / U. Therefore, it can be calculated that 12 hours of sunlight are needed to fully charge the battery. The VNET3 power consumption is 4W. Ideally, assuming the monitoring point power is 4W and the solar power supply voltage is 12V, the current I is 3.6 / 12 = 0.3A. Assuming the battery is fully charged under ideal conditions, the power supply time T = Q / I = 100 / 0.3 = 333 hours. Therefore, under ideal conditions, the monitoring point can be guaranteed normal power supply for 10 days.

[0047] The monitoring center needs to be equipped with server computers, operator computers, dedicated server racks, dedicated display devices, high-capacity backup power supplies, hard disk video recorders, SMS transmitters, high-speed switches, and other equipment. If resources permit, moisture-proof, dust-proof, anti-static, and air-conditioning facilities can also be considered. The main technical specifications of the equipment are shown in the table below:

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] The system software can be selected from the Haiji "Deformation Monitoring" series of landslide online monitoring and early warning system software, including high-precision GNSS calculation software (HG-Monitor), Haiji "Deformation Monitoring" series data acquisition software (HG-Acq), and Haiji "Deformation Monitoring" series network publishing system (HG-DMS).

[0051] HG-Monitor high-precision GNSS calculation software is responsible for processing raw GNSS data and calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the location of the measuring antenna, and storing them in the database.

[0052] The HG-Acq data acquisition software is responsible for storing the acquired sensor data into the database, and some data will undergo statistical processing, data analysis and multi-source data fusion.

[0053] On the HG-DMS visualization software platform, users can view data changes for the project and various monitoring points. If any anomalies occur, the software will issue warning signals via SMS, email, and audible / visual alarms. Additionally, users can choose to output reports to facilitate analysis of various monitoring indicators of the landslide and to diagnose its health status.

[0054] Traditional landslide types can be categorized as follows: by the relationship between rock landslide animation and bedding planes; by the age of occurrence; by the sliding mode; by the thickness of the landslide mass; by the utilization of ancient or old sliding surfaces; by the volume of the landslide mass; by the triggering factors; and by the ratio of longitudinal to transverse length. The specific classifications are as follows:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] For landslide monitoring, the layout of monitoring points in this system needs to meet the following requirements:

[0061] Benchmark points should be set in stable areas far away from the disaster-causing geological bodies and form a benchmark network. The monitoring network type should be selected according to the scope, scale, topography, geological factors, visibility conditions and measurement requirements of the disaster-causing geological bodies. It can be arranged in a cross shape, square shape or radial shape.

[0062] The monitoring network for disaster-causing geological bodies can be divided into elevation networks and planar or three-dimensional monitoring networks, and should meet the monitoring requirements for deformation orientation, deformation amount, deformation rate, spatiotemporal dynamics and development trend.

[0063] Monitoring profiles should primarily focus on absolute displacement monitoring, and should be able to control the main deformation directions of landslides and unstable rocks. They should coincide with or be parallel to the exploration profiles, and should preferably be deployed using boreholes, adits, and exploratory wells from the exploration project. When deformation has multiple directions, each direction should be controlled by a monitoring profile.

[0064] Monitoring points should be set up in areas of surface deformation, and the number of monitoring points should be adjusted and increased in areas of severe deformation and when deformation intensifies.

[0065] If landslides or rockfalls occur in debris flow areas, monitoring work should be arranged according to the monitoring requirements for landslide and rockfall areas, and the monitoring profile of debris flow areas should coincide with the main exploration line of debris flow areas.

[0066] The layout of the bank collapse monitoring profile should be perpendicular to the bank slope direction.

[0067] Each monitoring profile should have no fewer than three monitoring points, and the arrangement of monitoring points should make full use of existing boreholes, wells, or tunnels.

[0068] The routine monitoring cycle for deformation monitoring of disaster-causing geological bodies and dynamic groundwater monitoring should be 5-15 days. During the rainy season, or when the deformation rate increases or abnormal changes occur, the monitoring cycle should be shortened until on-site monitoring is implemented. The observation, preprocessing, and adjustment calculation of monitoring network data should comply with the relevant provisions of the national standard "Code for Engineering Surveying" GB50026-93. The observation accuracy should meet the following requirements:

[0069] a) The deformation observation error should be less than 1 / 10 of the actual deformation value and should not exceed 2 mm;

[0070] b) The observation error for crack width should not exceed 0.5 mm;

[0071] c) The error in monitoring the mud level of debris flows should not exceed 0.2m.

[0072] Example 1: The system includes a rainfall monitoring subsystem. Stone piers 100 are poured at monitoring points on landslide slopes in mountainous areas, and supports 101 are installed on these piers. Rain gauges 102 installed on top of the supports 101 monitor rainfall data in the mountainous areas. The rain gauge 102 is a tipping bucket remote-controlled rain gauge. Data can be directly connected to a server computer via an RS485 communication interface cable or transmitted to the server via fiber optic cable, wireless bridge, or wireless network. The monitored rainfall data is then transmitted to the server terminal for calculation and analysis via wired or wireless network. An R... The packaging box for the TU component contains the RTU component, RTU antenna, rain gauge signal connection cable, battery connection cable, screws, nuts, washers, etc. The specific assembly steps are as follows: 1. After opening the RTU component packaging box, take out the RTU component and place it on a flat surface. Use the key to open the box door and remove the battery pad and accessories (if any) from inside. Unscrew the two M3 screws and nuts on the edge of the plate containing the telemetry terminal box to remove the telemetry terminal and place it nearby (do not place it too far away as it requires cable connection). If a solar charger is provided, install it on this plate as well.

[0073] Secure the assembled solar panel bracket and pressure plate to the round hole at the rear of the chassis using M6x16 screws, washers, and nuts.

[0074] Insert the communication card into the telemetry terminal, and use a pencil or other sharp object to press the yellow button next to the communication card slot on the side of the RTU box to eject the communication card cartridge. Place the communication card into the slot below the cartridge in the correct orientation, making sure the metal contact side of the communication card is facing outwards. Then push the cartridge back into the slot (with the communication card at the bottom). There will be a slight click when it is fully inserted.

[0075] All external cables (antenna, solar panel cable, rain gauge signal cable) are routed into the RTU box via the waterproof connector on the back of the chassis. Insert the rain gauge signal cable into the RTU box and the antenna cable into the antenna socket. Connect the solar charger, solar panel, and maintenance-free rechargeable battery using the provided sheathed cables to the RTU box.

[0076] Example 2: The system also includes a GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, consisting of multiple GNSS settlement monitoring points and a GNSS settlement reference point. The GNSS settlement monitoring points acquire surface displacement data of landslide bodies in mountainous areas using BeiDou satellite positioning coordinates and upload it to the GNSS settlement reference point for correction data. The corrected data is then transmitted to a server terminal via a wired or wireless network for calculation and analysis. The principles for selecting the location of a continuously operating GNSS reference station are as follows:

[0077] The base station should ideally be located within 3 kilometers of the survey area, and as close as possible to the data transmission network.

[0078] The foundation of the base station should be relatively stable, preferably built on stable bedrock or 2 meters below the frost line;

[0079] The site should be selected in a location that is easy to install receiving equipment and has a wide field of view. There should be no obstacles around the field of view at an altitude of 10 degrees or more to prevent the GNSS signal from being absorbed or blocked.

[0080] The site should be located at least 200m away from high-power radio sources (such as television stations, microwave stations, etc.) and at least 50m away from high-voltage power lines to avoid electromagnetic interference with GNSS signals.

[0081] There should be no large bodies of water or objects that strongly interfere with satellite signal reception near the site, in order to reduce the impact of multipath effects;

[0082] Stay at least 50 meters away from sources of vibration (such as railways, highways, etc.);

[0083] Install and protect GNSS reference station equipment. Ensure the safety of the equipment when unattended and prevent intentional damage.

[0084] In addition, the aforementioned GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem also requires the construction of observation piers using concrete.

[0085] Example 3: The system also includes a video monitoring subsystem. A monitoring probe 103 is installed on the top of the bracket 101 to monitor the deformation of the leading edge of the landslide in the mountainous area, and the monitoring video is transmitted to the server terminal via a wired or wireless network. Specific construction operations include:

[0086] Video pole construction: The video concrete pole should extend at least 0.5m below the ground. Therefore, the video pole should generally be 3m video pole concrete pole with a length, width and height of 40×40×50cm, and 6m video pole concrete pole with a length, width and height of 50×50×60cm.

[0087] Video pole: The pole connectors should be connected by pre-embedded ground cage and cement block, and a lightning rod should be installed on the top. The lightning rod should be well grounded, and if possible, it should be connected to the lightning protection grounding network. If solar batteries are used, in places where the temperature is below 0°C throughout the year, they should be buried underground. The specific size depends on the actual battery underground box.

[0088] Video Installation: When installing a PTZ camera, the tilt of the pole must be strictly controlled. The horizontal arm of the camera must be perpendicular to the pole, and the pole should only be tilted slightly backward (to the point that it is not visible to the naked eye). It must not be tilted forward to prevent rainwater from entering the joint between the horizontal arm and the pole and flowing back into the camera, which could damage the equipment. In addition, after installation and debugging are completed, the joints should be sealed with silicone sealant.

[0089] Example 4: The system also includes an internal displacement monitoring subsystem, which monitors the angular changes in the vertical plane and horizontal direction of the landslide body in the mountainous area using an inclinometer, and transmits the monitoring data to the server terminal via a wired or wireless network. Specific construction operations include:

[0090] Drilling: Internal displacement boreholes, also known as inclination boreholes, are drilled using the same method as groundwater level boreholes. After drilling, if possible, ensure the borehole inclination is less than 2° and the borehole diameter is at least 150mm. Normally, a standard geological drilling rig should be used. In special cases, such as when the depth is less than 10 meters, a water drill or a Luoyang shovel can be used. Currently, mud slurry is used for wall stabilization. If possible, it is recommended to use the core tube impact method for dry drilling, but proper anti-collapse casing protection measures are necessary.

[0091] Inclinometer tube installation: The inclinometer tube uses 60-80mm diameter ABS, PVC, aluminum alloy or fiberglass tube. Before installation, a support should be erected above the inclinometer hole to support and hoist the inclinometer tube to prevent it from falling into the hole during installation and causing a waste hole. Depending on the actual situation, the hole can be drilled with a drilling rig, and the hoist of the drilling rig can be used for the installation of the inclinometer tube.

[0092] Equipment Installation: During installation, please follow the sequence of the following components: bottom fixed pulley, middle pulley with universal joint, and top orifice suspension device. The middle movable pulley is used to suspend and fix the inclinometer sensor, which is directional. Currently, we are using a unidirectional sensor, so it needs to be aligned. The pipe opening protection device must be snapped into the pipe opening to prevent rainwater from affecting the orifice water level, and to prevent accidental blockage of the pipe opening by flying objects, or to prevent damage to the equipment in the moving pipe opening. The pipe opening protection device can be made of cold-rolled steel plate into a bottomless iron box with a flip-top cover. The general size requirement is 30*30*30cm (length*width*height), fixed with poured concrete, with a concrete height of 20cm. The top cover must be at least 10cm higher than the pipe opening. Customization is possible according to actual conditions. The iron box should be painted with anti-rust paint and equipped with a lock.

[0093] Example 5: The system also includes a crack monitoring subsystem. Crack monitoring equipment is deployed on the main or significantly changing cracks of the landslide body in the mountainous area for monitoring. The crack change data is monitored and transmitted to the server terminal via a wired or wireless network. Specific construction operations include:

[0094] According to the monitoring design plan, use a measuring tape or level to measure and determine the monitoring points. Construct cement blocks at the measured points, with dimensions of approximately 300mm x 400mm and a height of approximately 500mm-600mm. The slope of the cement block should be parallel to the slope of the measuring point. Then, insert a fully threaded bolt approximately 120mm long into the cement block, with about 30mm-40mm protruding. (Note: Wrap the protruding bolt with tape or a plastic bag to prevent cement from sticking and rendering it unusable). Alternatively, expansion bolts can be used to secure the block after it has completely hardened.

[0095] Connect the displacement gauge to the reading instrument and turn it on for measurement and testing to control the position of the sliding rod during installation. The displacement gauge should be securely fixed to a cement block at a relatively stationary point using the matching mounting clamps and screws. One end of the steel wire should be fixed to a spring connected to the sensor rod, and the other end should be fixed to the cement block at the measurement point. Observe the reading instrument reading by adjusting the length of the steel wire, and roughly stretch the displacement gauge to about 1 / 2 of its full range (ensuring that deformation in both tensile and compressive directions can be measured). Set a self-number, turn off the reading instrument, and disconnect the displacement gauge. After the flexible steel wire connecting the sensor and the measurement point is stretched, it should be covered with a PVC pipe (about 16mm) to protect the flexible steel wire from soil or external stretching, which may affect the measurement data and accuracy.

[0096] Finally, zero the displacement gauge and obtain the initial value: Connect the displacement gauge to the reading instrument. Turn on the reading instrument by pressing the power button and start the measurement; press the zero button, and make a record of the displacement gauge installation (monitoring section, measuring point location, self-number, displacement gauge number, installation date, weather conditions, and installers), and archive it.

[0097] Example 6: A sound and light alarm 104 for hazard warning is also fixedly installed on the bracket 101. In the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, the GNSS settlement reference point includes a Beidou reference station receiver 300 for signal reception and a monitoring equipment box 200 for housing the intelligent operation and maintenance terminal. A solar power panel 204 is fixedly installed on the top side wall of the monitoring equipment box 200, and a lightning rod 203 is fixedly installed on the top of the monitoring equipment box 200. The bottom end of the lightning rod 203 is connected to the ground through a wire. The solar power panel 204 can supply power (charge) the power source inside the monitoring equipment box 200. The installation of the lightning rod 203 can improve the lightning protection effect and monitoring The top of the equipment box 200 is fixed with a vertical column tube 301 for the installation and positioning of the Beidou reference station receiver 300. The front opening of the monitoring equipment box 200 is equipped with a door 201 that can be rotated and opened and closed. The door 201 and the monitoring equipment box 200 are connected by a hidden hinge, which has high concealment. An electronic lock 202 is installed on the door 201 for locking the position between the door 201 and the monitoring equipment box 200. The electronic lock 202 can be an existing combination lock with fingerprint. The monitoring equipment box 200 is equipped with a drive shaft 400 that can move horizontally back and forth. The front end of the drive shaft 400 passes through the front of the monitoring equipment box 200 and extends to the outside.

[0098] Furthermore, a top rod 309 is movably installed inside the column tube 301, a shim block 311 is fixedly installed at the end of the drive shaft 400, a guide slope 312 is provided on one side of the shim block 311, the bottom of the top rod 309 is U-shaped and a roller 310 is rotatably connected to its inner side, the column tube 301 has an I-shaped cross section, a guide strip 313 is fixedly installed at the middle of the top of the shim block 311, one end of the guide strip 313 extends to the top of the drive shaft 400, a pin assembly is provided at the top of the inner side of the column tube 301, and the opening and closing of the pin assembly can be driven by the lifting and lowering of the top rod 309, and a positioning sleeve 302 that can be sleeved on the outer wall of the column tube 301 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the Beidou reference station receiver 300, and slots 306 matching the pin assembly are opened on both the positioning sleeve 302 and the inner wall of the column tube 301.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, the pin assembly includes a C-shaped pin 304. The C-shaped pin 304 is C-shaped with protruding ends. It is inserted into a slot 306 on the same side inner wall of the column tube 301 and the positioning sleeve 302, which can lock the position between the two. At the same time, when the positioning sleeve 302 is pulled upward, the force is intelligently transmitted to the C-shaped pin 304 and will not act on other external components, thus achieving the purpose of preventing unlocking and increasing the firmness and security of the lock. The top inner side of the column tube 301 is provided with a rotatable drive disc 303. The side wall of the drive disc 303 is rotatably provided with a first connecting rod 305. The end of the first connecting rod 305 is rotatably connected to the middle of the C-shaped pin 304. The side of the drive disc 303 opposite to the first connecting rod 305 is provided with a transmission gear 307 that rotates coaxially with it. The top end of the push rod 309 is fixed with a rack plate 308 that meshes with the outer wall of the transmission gear 307.

[0100] The implementation principle of the above scheme is as follows: When the door 201 is closed, the drive shaft 400 is squeezed to move backward. Through the shim block 311 and its end guide slope 312, the top rod 309 can drive the rack plate 308 to move upward, drive the transmission gear 307 to rotate, and make the drive disc 303 rotate synchronously in the same direction. In this way, the two first connecting rods 305 can rotate and unfold, drive the C-shaped pin 304 to move in the opposite direction and automatically insert into the slot 306 to achieve the purpose of locking.

[0101] At the same time, when the box door 201 is rotated open, one end of the drive shaft 400 extends outside the monitoring equipment box 200, causing the top rod 309 to slide off the shim block 311. This allows the top rod 309 and the rack plate 308 to move down, driving the drive disc 303 to rotate in the opposite direction. This causes the two C-shaped pins 304 to move in the same direction and separate from the slot 306, thus unlocking the Beidou reference station receiver 300 on the column tube 301.

[0102] Furthermore, a sliding sleeve 403 is fitted onto the outer wall of the drive shaft 400. The outer wall of the sliding sleeve 403 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box 200. A limiting plate 404 is fixedly fitted onto the outer wall of the drive shaft 400. A return spring 405 is fixedly fitted between the limiting plate 404 and the sliding sleeve 403. The limiting plate 404, in conjunction with the return spring 405, enables the drive shaft 400 to automatically monitor the extension of the outer wall of the monitoring equipment box 200. This allows the drive shaft 400 to automatically unlock when the box door 201 is opened. A positioning groove 501 is provided on the back of the box door 201 at a position corresponding to the drive shaft 400. A locking groove 502 is provided on the inner wall of the positioning groove 501. The drive shaft 400 has a movable locking block 500 that matches the locking groove 502. The locking block 500 is telescopically located on the outer wall of the drive shaft 400. The end of the locking block 500 located in the inner cavity of the drive shaft 400 is provided with a return spring 503 for driving the locking block 500 to retract automatically. The drive shaft 400 has a rotatable connecting shaft 504 inside. An elliptical disk 505 is fixedly provided at the end of the connecting shaft 504 near the locking block 500. The connecting shaft 504 drives the elliptical disk 505 to rotate, so that the two protruding parts on both sides of the elliptical disk 505 push the two locking blocks 500 outward and insert them into the locking groove 502, thereby achieving automatic locking between the drive shaft 400 and the door 201.

[0103] A limiting groove 510 is provided at the top of the drive shaft 400. A connecting through hole 511, communicating with the interior of the drive shaft 400, is provided at the bottom of the limiting groove 510. A connecting rod 512 is movably disposed within the connecting through hole 511. A cylindrical block 514 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rod 512. A side ear 513 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting shaft 504. A strip-shaped through hole 515 is provided in the middle of the side ear 513. The outer wall of the cylindrical block 514 is movably inserted into the inner side of the strip-shaped through hole 515. The downward movement of the connecting rod 512 causes the cylindrical block 514 to press down on the side ear 513. Combined with the guiding effect of the strip-shaped through hole 515 on the side ear 513, the side ear 513 drives the connecting shaft 504 to rotate, thereby driving the elliptical disk 505 at the other end of the connecting shaft 504. The outer wall of the drive shaft 400 is movably fitted with a connecting groove 510. A matching bearing sleeve 506 is provided. A limit rod 508 is movably inserted into the top of the bearing sleeve 506. A return spring 509 is fixedly connected between the limit rod 508 and the bearing sleeve 506. An electromagnet 507 is provided directly above the return spring 509. The electromagnet 507 is fixedly set to the bearing sleeve 506. The side wall of the bearing sleeve 506 is fixedly set to the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box 200. When the electromagnet 507 is powered on, it generates a magnetic thrust, which drives the limit rod 508 to move downward. This provides power for the connecting rod 512 to move downward and push the connecting shaft 504 to rotate. At the same time, the limit rod 508 moves downward and inserts into the limit groove 510 on the drive shaft 400, which can limit the position of the drive shaft 400 and keep it locked in the current position. In this way, even if the box door 201 is opened, the drive shaft 400 will not extend outward to achieve unlocking.

[0104] In the above scheme, the electromagnet 507 and the electronic lock 202 are electrically connected through a controller. After the electronic lock 202 is unlocked normally, it transmits a signal to the controller. The controller controls the electromagnet 507 to connect with the power supply to generate magnetic thrust. If the electronic lock 202 is damaged by external force or is unlocked abnormally, the controller receives the signal and blocks the electrical connection between the electromagnet 507 and the power supply, so that it does not generate magnetic thrust. In this way, the drive shaft 400 is prevented from extending outward to unlock the box door 201 and the Beidou reference station receiver 300, thereby further enhancing the overall anti-theft function.

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, ventilation windows are provided on both sides of the monitoring equipment box 200. An exhaust fan 402 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one side of the monitoring equipment box 200 at a position corresponding to the ventilation window. A position switch 401 (micro switch) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box 200 directly opposite the end face of the drive shaft 400. After the box door 201 is closed, the drive shaft 400 moves inward and contacts the position switch 401 to close it, thereby electrically connecting the exhaust fan 402 to the power supply and starting it to exhaust and dissipate heat from the inside of the monitoring equipment box 200. The exhaust fan 402 is located away from the exhaust fan in the monitoring equipment box 200. A dustproof and breathable mesh 206 is fixedly installed at the ventilation window on one side of the fan 402. A cleaning brush 205 for cleaning the surface of the dustproof and breathable mesh 206 is installed on the side wall of the monitoring equipment box 200. A third link 602 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the cleaning brush 205. The bottom of the third link 602 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the drive shaft 400. After the box door 201 is rotated open, the drive shaft 400 moves outward, driving the third link 602 to move and rotate, thereby driving the cleaning brush 205 to move on the surface of the dustproof and breathable mesh 206, so as to achieve the dust removal operation of the dustproof and breathable mesh 206.

[0106] Furthermore, two cleaning brushes 205 are symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom of the dustproof and breathable mesh 206. Both ends of the two cleaning brushes 205 are rotatably connected to a second connecting rod 600. A T-shaped pin 601 is movably inserted into the same end of two adjacent second connecting rods 600. A guide slot 603 is provided on the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box 200. The end of the T-shaped pin 601 is movably inserted into the inner side of the corresponding guide slot 603. The two cleaning brushes 205 are connected by the second connecting rod 600 and the T-shaped pin 601. The guide slot 603 limits the movement direction of the T-shaped pin 601, allowing the cleaning brush 205 located at the bottom to move more smoothly. 5. As the third link 602 moves upward, it drives the T-pin 601 to move outward from the guide slot 603, causing the two second links 600 to rotate and move closer together. This drives the two cleaning brushes 205 in the upper and lower positions to move in the same direction, achieving synchronous cleaning of the dustproof and breathable net 206. At the same time, when the drive shaft 400 moves in the opposite direction as the box door 201 closes, it can drive the two cleaning brushes 205 to move in the opposite direction, avoiding obstruction of the dustproof and breathable net 206. The setting of two cleaning brushes 205 can avoid the defect that a single cleaning brush 205 has too short a moving distance to fully clean the dustproof and breathable net 206, thus improving practicality.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deformation monitoring system comprising a monitoring system, characterized in that The system comprises: The rainfall monitoring subsystem pours the stone pier table (100) on the monitoring point of the mountain landslide body, installs the support (101) on the stone pier table (100), monitors the rainfall data of the mountain area through the rain gauge (102) installed on the top of the support (101), and transmits the monitored rainfall data to the server terminal through the wired network or the wireless network for calculation and analysis. The GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem comprises a plurality of GNSS subsidence monitoring points and a GNSS subsidence reference point group, the GNSS subsidence monitoring points obtain the mountainous landslide surface displacement data through the Beidou satellite positioning coordinates, upload the data to the GNSS subsidence reference point for correction, and transmit the corrected data to the server terminal through wired network or wireless network for calculation and analysis, the GNSS subsidence reference point comprises a Beidou reference station receiver (300) for signal receiving and a monitoring equipment box (200) of an intelligent operation and maintenance terminal, a vertical upward stand column pipe (301) is fixed to the top of the monitoring equipment box (200) and used for mounting and positioning the Beidou reference station receiver (300), a box door (201) capable of rotating opening and closing is mounted at the front opening of the monitoring equipment box (200), a top rod (309) is movably arranged in the stand column pipe (301), a driving shaft (400) capable of moving horizontally forward and backward is arranged in the monitoring equipment box (200), the front end of the driving shaft (400) penetrates through the front of the monitoring equipment box (200) and extends to the outside, a sliding sleeve (403) is arranged on the outer wall of the driving shaft (400), the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (403) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box (200), a limiting plate (404) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the driving shaft (400), a reset spring I (405) is fixedly arranged between the limiting plate (404) and the sliding sleeve (403), a pad block (311) is fixedly arranged on the end of the driving shaft (400), a guide inclined surface (312) is arranged on one side of the pad block (311), when the driving shaft (400) moves forward and backward, the pad block (311) and the guide inclined surface (312) drive the top rod (309) to drive the rack plate (308) to lift, a bolt assembly is arranged at the top of the inner side of the stand column pipe (301), and the extension and retraction of the bolt assembly can be driven by the lifting of the top rod (309), a positioning groove (501) is formed at the corresponding position of the back of the box door (201) and the driving shaft (400), a lock groove (502) is formed in the inner wall of the positioning groove (501), a lock block (500) matched with the lock groove (502) is movably arranged on the end of the driving shaft (400), and the lock block (500) is arranged on the outer wall position of the end of the driving shaft (400) in an extendable manner, a reset spring II (503) is arranged on the end of the lock block (500) in the inner cavity position of the driving shaft (400), and is used for driving the automatic contraction of the lock block (500), an exhaust fan (402) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of one side of the monitoring equipment box (200) at the corresponding position of the ventilation window, a dustproof ventilation net (206) is fixedly arranged at the ventilation window on the side of the monitoring equipment box (200) away from the exhaust fan (402), a cleaning brush (205) for cleaning the surface of the dustproof ventilation net (206) is arranged on the side wall of the monitoring equipment box (200), and the bottom of the cleaning brush (205) is rotatably connected with a third connecting rod (602), and the bottom of the third connecting rod (602) is rotatably connected with the side wall of the driving shaft (400). Video monitoring subsystem, monitoring probe (103) is installed on the top of support (101) to monitor the deformation of mountain landslide front, and the monitoring video is transmitted to the server terminal through wired network or wireless network; Internal displacement monitoring subsystem, the angle change of vertical plane in the vertical direction of mountain landslide is monitored by inclinometer, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the server terminal through wired network or wireless network; Crack monitoring subsystem, the crack monitoring equipment is arranged on the main or larger crack of mountain landslide for monitoring, and the crack change data is monitored and transmitted to the server terminal through wired network or wireless network.

2. A deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein The bracket (101) is also fixedly installed with an audible and visual alarm (104) for danger prompt, and the box door (201) is provided with an electronic lock (202) for position locking between the box door (201) and the monitoring equipment box (200) in the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem. The bottom end of the Beidou reference station receiver (300) is fixedly provided with a positioning sleeve (302) which can be sleeved on the outer wall of the stand pipe (301), and the positioning sleeve (302) and the inner wall of the stand pipe (301) are both provided with a slot (306) matched with the bolt assembly.

3. A deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein The bolt assembly comprises a C-shaped pin (304), the inner side of the stand pipe (301) is provided with a rotatable driving disc (303) at the top, the side wall of the driving disc (303) is rotatably provided with a first connecting rod (305), and the end of the first connecting rod (305) is rotatably connected with the middle part of the C-shaped pin (304). The side of the driving disc (303) away from the first connecting rod (305) is provided with a transmission gear (307) coaxially rotatable therewith, and the top end of the top rod (309) is fixedly provided with a rack plate (308) engaged with the outer wall of the transmission gear (307).

4. A deformation monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein The driving shaft (400) is internally provided with a rotatable connecting shaft (504), the end of the connecting shaft (504) close to the lock block (500) is fixedly provided with an oval disc (505), the top end of the driving shaft (400) is provided with a limiting groove (510), the bottom of the limiting groove (510) is provided with a connecting through hole (511) in communication with the inside of the driving shaft (400), the connecting through hole (511) is movably provided with a connecting rod (512), the bottom of the connecting rod (512) is fixedly connected with a cylindrical block (514), the side wall of the connecting shaft (504) is fixedly connected with a side lug (513), the middle part of the side lug (513) is provided with a strip-shaped through hole (515), and the outer wall of the cylindrical block (514) is movably inserted into the strip-shaped through hole (515).

5. A deformation monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein The outer wall of the driving shaft (400) movably sheaths a bearing sleeve (506) matched with a limiting groove (510), the top of the bearing sleeve (506) movably inserts a limiting rod (508), the limiting rod (508) and the bearing sleeve (506) are fixedly connected with a reset spring three (509), the electromagnetic iron (507) is arranged above the reset spring three (509), the electromagnetic iron (507) is fixedly arranged with the bearing sleeve (506), and the side wall of the bearing sleeve (506) is fixedly arranged with the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box (200).

6. A deformation monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein Ventilation windows are arranged on the two sides of the monitoring equipment box (200), and the inner wall of the end face of the monitoring equipment box (200) opposite to the driving shaft (400) is fixedly provided with a reach switch (401).

7. A deformation monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein The cleaning brushes (205) are two and symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom positions of the dustproof and breathable net (206), the two ends of the two cleaning brushes (205) are rotatably connected with second connecting rods (600), the same end of the two second connecting rods (600) movably inserts a T-shaped pin (601), the inner side of the guiding slot (603) of the corresponding position is movably inserted with the end of the T-shaped pin (601).

8. A deformation monitoring system according to claim 7, wherein The bottom of the top rod (309) is U-shaped, and the inner side of the top rod (309) is rotatably connected with a roller (310), the cross section of the stand column pipe (301) is I-shaped, the top end of the cushion block (311) is fixedly provided with a guide strip (313), one end of the guide strip (313) extends to the top end of the driving shaft (400), the top of the side wall of the monitoring equipment box (200) is fixedly provided with a solar panel (204), the top of the monitoring equipment box (200) is fixedly provided with a lightning rod (203), and the bottom of the lightning rod (203) is connected with the ground through a wire.

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