Preparation method of guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation based on 3D printing

Abstract

The application relates to a preparation method of a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation based on 3D printing, which comprises the following steps: constructing a 3D image model of a cranial brain part of a patient before operation, constructing a 3D frame structure of the guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation, determining a puncture channel of a target point, and setting a virtual puncture channel of a radiofrequency cannula needle on a puncture channel path; setting a radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation; removing the puncture channel and the virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula needle, and completing the preparation of the guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation. The guide plate provides a prerequisite for accurately puncturing to a surgical target point part, important body tissues are avoided in the guide plate design, tissue damage is reduced, the surgical success of radiofrequency thermocoagulation is improved, and the pain of patients is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention generally relates to the field of 3D printing technology, and specifically to a method for preparing a guide plate for radio frequency thermocoagulation based on 3D printing. Background Technology

[0002] Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by recurrent, paroxysmal, and brief episodes of severe pain within the area innervated by the trigeminal nerve in the head and face, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Clinically, surgical treatment can be divided into minimally invasive nerve root treatment and craniotomy with microvascular decompression. Current medical research indicates that percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the trigeminal ganglion has advantages such as low invasiveness, ease of operation, high effectiveness, few complications, and low recurrence rate, making it the most effective method for treating trigeminal neuralgia. However, current techniques involve technically challenging punctures, require highly skilled surgeons, may necessitate repeated punctures for success, increase the risk of complications for patients, and involve high levels of radiation exposure.

[0003] Therefore, those skilled in the art desire a 3D-printed guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation to improve the success rate of puncture techniques. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desirable to provide a method for preparing a guide plate for radio frequency thermocoagulation based on 3D printing, which can meet the specific needs of the current field.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, this application provides a method for preparing a 3D-printed radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, the method comprising: A CT scan of the patient's head was performed before the operation to obtain the target points of the surgical site on the patient's head and to construct a 3D image model of the patient's cranium. The 3D image model of the patient's cranium included the locations of nerve and blood vessel landmarks in the patient's cranium. The 3D image model of the patient's brain is saved as DICOM data. After data processing, a 3D framework structure for the guide plate used in radiofrequency thermocoagulation is constructed. Based on the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head, a puncture channel for the target point is determined inside the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The puncture channel for the target point is a straight path from the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate to the target point of the surgical site on the patient. Based on the puncture channel of the target point and the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula used in radiofrequency thermocoagulation, a virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula is set on the puncture channel path of the target point. Based on the pre-set virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula, a radiofrequency cannula guide hole is set on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The radiofrequency cannula guide hole is an extension of the virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The diameter of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole is determined by the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula. Remove the puncture channel for the target point and the virtual puncture channel for the radiofrequency cannula set inside the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, fill the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the filling structure of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole with 3D printing material, set the printing parameters, and complete the preparation of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate.

[0006] In another embodiment, determining the puncture channel for the target point within the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, based on the target point at the surgical site on the patient's head, includes: The path length from the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head to the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is divided into three equal parts, namely the first branch of the target point, the second branch of the target point, and the third branch of the target point. The first branch of the target point, the second branch of the target point, and the third branch of the target point are straight channels connected in sequence. One end of the first branch of the target point opens on the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and one end of the third branch of the target point opens towards the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head. The distribution of human tissues along the first, second, and third branches of the target point was detected, and the human tissues included blood vessels, dura mater, nerves, oral cavity, sinuses, and bony structures. Based on the distribution of human tissue on the first branch, second branch, and third branch of the target target, the position of the first branch of the target target on the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is adjusted until there is no human tissue distribution on the first branch, second branch, and third branch of the target target.

[0007] In another embodiment, the step of saving the 3D image model of the patient's cranial region as DICOM data and constructing a 3D framework structure for a radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate after data processing includes: 3D image model data of the patient's cranial region is obtained by scanning with CT equipment, and the 3D image model data of the patient's cranial region is saved as DICOM data, and the slice thickness parameter is set. The E3D digital medical modeling software was used to perform boundary segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction of DICOM data to obtain a three-dimensional model of the patient's cranial area. Based on the three-dimensional model of the patient's cranium, the 3D framework structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate set on the surface of the human cranium is obtained, as well as the position information of the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head in the three-dimensional model of the patient's cranium.

[0008] In another embodiment, the method further includes: The 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the filling structure of the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole are filled with 3D printing material to generate a first printing model and a second printing model. The first printing model is the internal structural surface model of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and the second printing model is the external structural surface model of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Based on the first printed model, adaptive adjustments are made to the surface of the patient's head, and the 3D printing and curing of the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate are completed. Based on the second printing model, the outer surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole are 3D printed and cured. The products printed from the first and second printing models are assembled to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation.

[0009] In another embodiment, the step of adaptively adjusting the patient's head surface based on the first printed model and completing the 3D printing and curing of the internal structural surfaces of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate includes: The inner surface of the adjusted first printing model is printed using a 3D printing device to form a molding plate of the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and the main body of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is printed on the molding plate. The 3D frame structure of the printed radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the molded plate are subjected to high-temperature annealing together. The 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate after high-temperature annealing is peeled off from the molding plate to obtain the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate.

[0010] In another embodiment, assembling the products printed from the first and second printed models to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation includes: Polish the surface of the products printed by the first and second printing models to make the main body of the products printed by the first and second printing models smooth and flat. The product printed by the second printing model is aligned with the product printed by the first printing model, and the radio frequency sleeve needle guide hole is aligned with the reserved hole on the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Adhesive is placed at the contact part between the two. The two components were bonded and fixed using a high-temperature and high-pressure method to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation.

[0011] In another embodiment, the length of the radio frequency sleeve needle guide hole is not less than 2.5 cm.

[0012] In this embodiment, a 3D image model of the patient's brain is constructed preoperatively, and a 3D framework structure for a radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is built. The puncture channel for the target point is determined, and a virtual puncture channel for the radiofrequency cannula is set along the puncture channel path. A guide hole for the radiofrequency cannula is set on the outside of the 3D framework structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The puncture channel and the virtual puncture channel for the radiofrequency cannula are removed, completing the preparation of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The guide plate of this application provides a prerequisite for precise puncture to the surgical target site. The guide plate design avoids important body tissues, reduces tissue damage, improves the success rate of radiofrequency thermocoagulation surgery, and reduces patient suffering. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate based on 3D printing according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a 3D image model of the patient's cranial region constructed using CT scans according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a model diagram of a virtual puncture channel for setting up a radiofrequency cannula along the puncture channel path of the target point in this invention; Figure 4 This invention provides a model for preparing a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation based on the patient's facial features. Figure 5 This is a rendering of the completed radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate fabrication process according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a detailed structural diagram of the radio frequency sleeve needle guide hole of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0016] Example 1 Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the 3D-printed radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method for preparing a 3D-printed radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate according to an embodiment of this application includes: Step 100: A CT scan of the patient's head is performed preoperatively to obtain the target points for the surgical site and construct a 3D image model of the patient's cranium. This 3D image model includes the locations of nerve and blood vessel landmarks within the cranium. Specifically, the embodiments of this application are designed in conjunction with a guide plate for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. The CT scanning equipment can use an existing dual-source 64-slice CT scanner. Before surgery, a CT scan of the patient's head obtains a synchronous 3D image of the patient, revealing the target points for the surgical site. This allows the surgical target points and the human tissues distributed within the cranium to be viewed on the 3D image of the patient's cranium. These tissues include blood vessels, the dura mater, nerves, the oral cavity, sinuses, and bony structures. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a 3D image model of the patient's cranial region constructed by CT scan according to the present invention. The target point location of the surgical site is shown in the box in the figure.

[0017] Step 200: Save the 3D image model of the patient's cranial region as DICOM data. After data processing, construct the 3D framework structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Specifically, save the scanned 3D image as DICOM data, and then process the DICOM data accordingly to present the 3D framework structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. At this time, the 3D framework structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is generated by combining the image of the human cranial region with the image of the facial structure after scanning the human cranial region with CT equipment. The 3D framework structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is the basic framework of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate printed using 3D printing equipment.

[0018] Step 300: Based on the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head, a puncture channel for the target point is determined inside the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The puncture channel for the target point is a straight path from the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate to the target point of the patient's surgical site. Specifically, the purpose of designing the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is to allow the electrode needle to be inserted directly into the target point of the patient's surgical site after being inserted into a pre-set channel. Therefore, an oval hole is first set in the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate as the insertion position of the electrode needle. Then, a puncture channel for the target point is designed so that the electrode needle can reach the target point directly along this puncture channel when inserted, thereby achieving the smooth implementation of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation surgery. It should be noted that the puncture channel for the target point is a virtual channel. It is only used in the design of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Since this channel is the puncture channel between the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the target point, if it actually existed, this puncture channel would be located inside the human skull, which is obviously unrealistic. Therefore, it is a virtual channel in the design process of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate.

[0019] Step 400: Based on the puncture channel of the target point and the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula used for radiofrequency thermocoagulation, a virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula is set on the puncture channel path of the target point. Specifically, after setting the puncture channel of the target point, a virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula can be set on the path of the traditional channel of the target point, taking into account the actual structural dimensions of the radiofrequency cannula. Essentially, the virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula is to set the parameters of the puncture channel of the target point, for example, setting the diameter of the original puncture channel of the target point to be compatible with the radiofrequency cannula. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a model diagram of a virtual puncture channel for a radiofrequency cannula set on the puncture channel path of the target point according to the present invention. The two line segments in the diagram represent the virtual puncture channel for a radiofrequency cannula set on the puncture channel path of the target point.

[0020] Step 500: Based on the pre-set virtual puncture channel for the radiofrequency cannula, a guide hole for the radiofrequency cannula is set on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The guide hole is an extension of the virtual puncture channel on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and its diameter is determined by the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula. Specifically, the guide hole for the virtual puncture channel is the insertion point for the radiofrequency cannula within the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Since the radiofrequency cannula has… Due to outer diameter limitations, to ensure a tight fit of the radiofrequency cannula within the guide hole, the diameter of the guide hole must match the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula. To control the insertion path of the radiofrequency cannula within the guide hole and to ensure its final insertion into the patient's surgical site target, the intermediate cavity space between the guide hole and the virtual puncture channel must be a straight line. In other words, after the radiofrequency cannula is inserted into the guide hole, it should be able to reach the patient's surgical site target along the original path of the virtual puncture channel. Specifically, for example... Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a detailed structural diagram of the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole of the present invention. A cannula opening, 30 mm long, is provided outside the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole. The cannula opening has a side opening design, with an outer diameter of 10 mm at the upper end and a diameter of 8 mm at the lower end. The outer part tapers in a stepped shape, and the inner diameter is 1 mm. During puncture surgery, the cannula opening is inserted into the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole, and the puncture needle is inserted into the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole through the cannula opening. After the puncture needle is inserted into the surgical target point, the cannula opening can be removed. When designing the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate can be set as a side opening structure according to the actual puncture point. During surgery, after the puncture needle is inserted, the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate can be removed.

[0021] Step 600: Remove the puncture channel of the target point and the virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula needle set inside the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, fill the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the filling structure of the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole with 3D printing material, set the printing parameters, and complete the preparation of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Specifically, in the design of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, the puncture channel for the target point and the virtual puncture channel for the radiofrequency cannula are virtual, meaning they are designed inside the 3D frame structure of the guide plate. If they actually existed, they would penetrate the human body. Obviously, these two parts must be removed when the guide plate is finally manufactured. The electrode needle is inserted through the radiofrequency cannula guide hole and then along the channel direction of the guide hole to the target point. Since the radiofrequency cannula guide hole has a certain length, and its channel direction determines the insertion direction of the electrode needle, once the aperture direction of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole points to the target point, the electrode needle can be accurately inserted into the target point. Specifically, as... Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 This invention provides a model for preparing a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation based on the patient's facial features. Figure 5 This is a rendering of the completed radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate fabrication according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a rendering showing the effect of fixing the radiofrequency thermocoagulation technique onto the face model using a guide plate after the design was completed. Figure 5 This is an image showing the actual effect of the 3D-printed device being worn on a patient's face. Figure 4 , Figure 5 The protruding part is the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole, through which the electrode needle is inserted to the target point of the patient's surgical site.

[0022] The step of determining the puncture channel for the target point within the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, based on the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head, includes: The path length from the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head to the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is divided into three equal parts, namely the first branch of the target point, the second branch of the target point, and the third branch of the target point. The first branch of the target point, the second branch of the target point, and the third branch of the target point are straight channels connected in sequence. One end of the first branch of the target point opens on the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and one end of the third branch of the target point opens towards the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head. The distribution of human tissues along the first, second, and third branches of the target point was detected, and the human tissues included blood vessels, dura mater, nerves, oral cavity, sinuses, and bony structures. Based on the distribution of human tissue along the first, second, and third branches of the target point, the position of the first branch of the target point on the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide is adjusted until no human tissue is distributed along these branches. Specifically, when designing the puncture channel for the target point, the position of the puncture channel needs to be continuously adjusted within the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide to ensure that the puncture channel does not pass through human tissue, thus preventing damage to human tissue.

[0023] The process of saving a 3D image model of the patient's brain as DICOM data, and then constructing a 3D framework structure for a radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate after data processing includes: 3D image model data of the patient's cranial region is obtained by scanning with CT equipment, and the 3D image model data of the patient's cranial region is saved as DICOM data, and the slice thickness parameter is set. The E3D digital medical modeling software was used to perform boundary segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction of DICOM data to obtain a three-dimensional model of the patient's cranial area. Based on the three-dimensional model of the patient's cranium, the 3D framework structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate set on the surface of the human cranium is obtained, as well as the position information of the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head in the three-dimensional model of the patient's cranium.

[0024] Specifically, after completing the design of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, the 3D printing of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate includes: The 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the filling structure of the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole are filled with 3D printing material to generate a first printing model and a second printing model. The first printing model is the internal structural surface model of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and the second printing model is the external structural surface model of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Based on the first printed model, adaptive adjustments are made to the surface of the patient's head, and the 3D printing and curing of the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate are completed. Based on the second printing model, the outer surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole are 3D printed and cured. The products printed from the first and second printing models are assembled to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation.

[0025] The process of adapting the patient's head surface to the first printed model and completing the 3D printing and curing of the internal structural surfaces of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate includes: The inner surface of the adjusted first printing model is printed using a 3D printing device to form a molding plate of the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and the main body of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is printed on the molding plate. The 3D frame structure of the printed radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the molded plate are subjected to high-temperature annealing together. The 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate after high-temperature annealing is peeled off from the molding plate to obtain the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate.

[0026] The process of assembling the products printed from the first and second printing models to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation includes: Polish the surface of the products printed by the first and second printing models to make the main body of the products printed by the first and second printing models smooth and flat. The product printed by the second printing model is aligned with the product printed by the first printing model, and the radio frequency sleeve needle guide hole is aligned with the reserved hole on the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Adhesive is placed at the contact part between the two. The two components were bonded and fixed using a high-temperature and high-pressure method to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation.

[0027] The length of the RF sleeve needle guide hole is not less than 2.5 cm.

[0028] Example 2 A CT scan of the patient's head was performed before the operation to obtain the target points of the surgical site on the patient's head. The CT image data obtained after the CT scan of the patient's head was in DICOM format. When performing a CT scan on the patient's head, the thickness of the scanning layer was no more than 1 mm. The DICOM format data obtained after the patient's head is scanned by CT scan is used to reconstruct a 3D image model of the patient's cranium, which is a three-dimensional digital model including the skin and bone surfaces of the patient's cranium, and includes the location of nerve and blood vessel landmarks. Based on the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head, a puncture channel for the target point is determined inside the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The puncture channel for the target point is a straight path from the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate to the target point of the surgical site on the patient. The puncture channel for the target point is the connection channel between the nerve puncture point and the skin surface. By shelling the skin surface with a shell thickness of 3 mm, since the human face has rich soft tissue, nerve and blood vessel structures, and the skin is easily deformable, it is necessary to retain a part that is clearly marked, thin, and not easily deformable when shelling the skin surface. The retained part is combined with the puncture channel of the target point to make the puncture channel of the target point into a tubular structure. Based on the puncture channel of the target point and the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula used in radiofrequency thermocoagulation, a virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula is set on the puncture channel path of the target point. Based on the pre-set virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula, a radiofrequency cannula guide hole is set on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The radiofrequency cannula guide hole is an extension of the virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The diameter of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole is determined by the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula. Specifically, the relationship between the diameter of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole and the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula is: diameter of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole = outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula + 0.5 mm; the length of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole is greater than 20 mm and less than 30 mm, and the thickness of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole is 2 mm.

[0029] Remove the puncture channel for the target point and the virtual puncture channel for the radiofrequency cannula set inside the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, fill the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the filling structure of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole with 3D printing material, set the printing parameters, and complete the preparation of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate.

[0030] In one specific embodiment of this application, the guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation is made of ABS, which has a heat distortion temperature of 93-118°C. It is inexpensive, highly adaptable, and the printed guide plate is not easily deformed. Resin materials can also be used. ABS is an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer.

[0031] In one specific embodiment of this application, a cannula opening can also be provided outside the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole. The cannula opening is 30 mm long, with a side opening design. The outer diameter of the upper opening of the cannula opening is 10 mm, the diameter of the lower opening is 8 mm, the outer side tapers in a stepped shape, and the inner diameter is 1 mm. During the puncture procedure, the cannula opening is inserted into the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole, and the puncture needle is inserted into the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole through the cannula opening. After the puncture needle is inserted into the surgical target point, the cannula opening can be removed.

[0032] Specifically, when designing a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation, the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole of the guide plate can be set as a side opening structure according to the actual puncture point. During the operation, after the puncture needle is inserted, the guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation can be removed.

[0033] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions involved in this application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a guide plate for radio frequency thermocoagulation based on 3D printing, characterized in that, The method includes: A CT scan of the patient's head was performed before the operation to obtain the target points of the surgical site on the patient's head and to construct a 3D image model of the patient's cranium. The 3D image model of the patient's cranium included the locations of nerve and blood vessel landmarks in the patient's cranium. The 3D image model of the patient's brain is saved as DICOM data. After data processing, a 3D framework structure for the guide plate used in radiofrequency thermocoagulation is constructed. Based on the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head, a puncture channel for the target point is determined inside the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The puncture channel for the target point is a straight path from the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate to the target point of the surgical site on the patient. The puncture channel for the target point is a virtual channel, which is a channel used in the design of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and is the puncture channel between the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the target point. Based on the puncture channel of the target point and the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula used in radiofrequency thermocoagulation, a virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula is set on the puncture channel path of the target point. Based on the pre-set virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula, a radiofrequency cannula guide hole is set on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The radiofrequency cannula guide hole is an extension of the virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula on the outside of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The diameter of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole is determined by the outer diameter of the radiofrequency cannula. The radiofrequency cannula guide hole of the virtual puncture channel is the insertion inlet of the radiofrequency cannula in the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. The intermediate cavity space between the radiofrequency cannula guide hole and the virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula is a straight line. After the radiofrequency cannula is inserted into the radiofrequency cannula guide hole, the radiofrequency cannula reaches the target point of the patient's surgical site along the path of the virtual puncture channel of the radiofrequency cannula. The puncture channel for the target point and the virtual puncture channel for the radiofrequency cannula are removed from the inner side of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. 3D printing material is then filled into the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the filling structure of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole. After setting the printing parameters, the preparation of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is completed. The electrode needle is inserted through the radiofrequency cannula guide hole and inserted into the target point along the channel direction of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole. The aperture direction of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole points to the target point to accurately insert the electrode needle into the target point position.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the puncture channel for the target point within the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, based on the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head, includes: The path length from the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head to the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is divided into three equal parts, namely the first branch of the target point, the second branch of the target point, and the third branch of the target point. The first branch of the target point, the second branch of the target point, and the third branch of the target point are straight channels connected in sequence. One end of the first branch of the target point opens on the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and one end of the third branch of the target point opens towards the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head. The distribution of human tissues along the first, second, and third branches of the target point was detected, and the human tissues included blood vessels, dura mater, nerves, oral cavity, sinuses, and bony structures. Based on the distribution of human tissue on the first branch, second branch, and third branch of the target target, the position of the first branch of the target target on the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is adjusted until there is no human tissue distribution on the first branch, second branch, and third branch of the target target.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of saving a 3D image model of the patient's brain as DICOM data, and then constructing a 3D framework structure for a radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate after data processing includes: 3D image model data of the patient's cranial region is obtained by scanning with CT equipment, and the 3D image model data of the patient's cranial region is saved as DICOM data, and the slice thickness parameter is set. The E3D digital medical modeling software was used to perform boundary segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction of DICOM data to obtain a three-dimensional model of the patient's cranial area. Based on the three-dimensional model of the patient's cranium, the 3D framework structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate set on the surface of the human cranium is obtained, as well as the position information of the target point of the surgical site on the patient's head in the three-dimensional model of the patient's cranium.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the filling structure of the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole are filled with 3D printing material to generate a first printing model and a second printing model. The first printing model is the internal structural surface model of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and the second printing model is the external structural surface model of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Based on the first printing model, adaptive adjustments are made to the surface of the patient's head, and the 3D printing and curing of the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate are completed. Based on the second printing model, the outer surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the radiofrequency cannula needle guide hole are 3D printed and cured. The products printed from the first and second printing models are assembled to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of adapting the patient's head surface to the first printed model and completing the 3D printing and curing of the internal structural surfaces of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate includes: The inner surface of the adjusted first printing model is printed using a 3D printing device to form a molding plate of the inner surface of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate, and the main body of the 3D frame structure of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is printed on the molding plate. The 3D frame structure of the printed radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate and the molded plate are subjected to high-temperature annealing together. The 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate after high-temperature annealing is peeled off from the molding plate to obtain the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of assembling the products printed from the first and second printing models to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation includes: Polish the surface of the products printed by the first and second printing models to make the main body of the products printed by the first and second printing models smooth and flat. The product printed by the second printing model is aligned with the product printed by the first printing model, and the radio frequency sleeve needle guide hole is aligned with the reserved hole on the internal structural surface of the 3D frame structure of the radio frequency thermocoagulation guide plate. Adhesive is placed at the contact part between the two. The two components were bonded and fixed using a high-temperature and high-pressure method to obtain a guide plate for radiofrequency thermocoagulation.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the RF sleeve needle guide hole is not less than 2.5 cm.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiofrequency cannula guide hole on the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate has a side opening structure. After the radiofrequency cannula needle is punctured along the radiofrequency cannula guide hole, the radiofrequency thermocoagulation guide plate is removed along the side opening of the radiofrequency cannula guide hole.

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