A downwardly inclined fan-shaped medium-length hole rock drilling sublevel open stope and subsequent filling mining method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of downward vein external fan-shaped medium-length hole rock drilling segmented open stope subsequent filling mining method, belong to mining technical field.The mining method in the present application is applicable to 20~30m thick ore body inclination;The ore body is divided into multiple sections according to certain height, each section is a stage, and a plurality of subsections are divided in stage, overall stoping direction is from top to bottom, and a plurality of stope are divided out vertically ore body trend;The present application is by to mining, cutting and stoping step specially structured arrangement and has corresponding operation method, so that rock drilling, ore drawing are all operated in vein external roadway, the stability of vein external roadway can be better controlled by the influence of mining and filling operation, and the security guarantee degree is higher;Meanwhile, mining preparation engineering, cutting engineering quantity in the present application are compared with the existing technology in access type filling, stratified filling mining process and are optimized and reduced, so as to improve operation efficiency and reduce cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining technology, specifically, it relates to a method for mining with a downward vein external fan-shaped deep hole drilling segmented open space followed by backfilling. Background Technology

[0002] Existing medium-deep hole sublevel stope backfilling mining methods are mostly used for mining moderately or relatively stable ore bodies, with preparatory works typically located within the ore body. When the ore body is of moderate stability or highly fractured, traditional medium-deep hole sublevel stope backfilling mining is less suitable; upward-entry cemented backfilling or downward-entry cemented backfilling methods are more appropriate. However, these two methods suffer from drawbacks such as low mechanization, high labor intensity, complex procedures, low production efficiency, and poor safety.

[0003] To improve the mining efficiency of fractured and unstable ore bodies, industry technicians have invented a method such as the "Downward Segmented Opening Subsidence Filling Mining Method" published in CN115182728B. The technical solution includes: Step A: Dividing the ore body into multiple mining sections, with the mining sections arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike, and using medium-deep or deep-hole drilling and blasting for mining; Step B: The upper and lower segmented mining sections within each segment are staggered horizontally; Step C: Arranging continuous cutting roadways close to the surrounding rock in the hanging wall of each mining section, arranging drilling haulage roadways between mining sections, and arranging segmented haulage roadways in the hanging wall of each mining section; Step D: The upper mining section is filled and serves as the roof of the lower mining section.

[0004] The mining method described in the aforementioned patent document enables efficient mining of fractured ore bodies using medium-deep and deep holes, but it also presents the following problems:

[0005] (1) The scheme arranges continuous cutting tunnels close to the surrounding rock in the upper ore body and arranges rock drilling and transportation tunnels in the middle of each stope. Both the cutting tunnels and the rock drilling and transportation tunnels are greatly affected by the overall stability of the ore body and have a low overall safety factor. They need to be further supported or other safety measures are required, which increases the complexity of the process and the mining cost.

[0006] (2) In this scheme, multiple panels are divided along the ore body. Panel pillars are reserved between two adjacent panels. The existence of these panel pillars may help improve the safety of mining, but it may also exacerbate the loss of ore body mining and cause resource loss. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a downward-facing external sector-shaped deep-hole drilling segmented open space subsequent backfilling mining method, wherein drilling and ore extraction are carried out in the external channel, and the stability of the external channel can be better controlled by the mining and backfilling operations, resulting in higher safety assurance; at the same time, the amount of preparation and cutting work in the present invention is optimized and reduced compared with the existing roadway backfilling and layered backfilling mining processes, thus helping to improve operation efficiency and reduce costs.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for mining downward-facing, fan-shaped, medium-deep hole drilling followed by open-hole backfilling in ore bodies with a dipping thickness of 20-30m is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) Overall Strategy

[0011] The ore body is divided into multiple intermediate sections at a certain height, with each section being 20-120m or higher. Each intermediate section is a stage, and each stage is further divided into several sub-sections, with each sub-section being 5m-30m or higher. The overall mining direction is from top to bottom, and several mining areas are divided perpendicular to the strike of the ore body.

[0012] (2) Adoption

[0013] A segmented vein-along roadway is excavated in the footwall of the ore body, with adjacent segmented roadways connected by ramps; the ramps also serve as transportation and ventilation channels for this segment; short, inclined tunnels are excavated at regular intervals from the segmented vein-along roadway to the ore body; a connecting roadway is constructed from the end of the segmented vein-along roadway to the hanging wall of the ore body, and a vein-along roadway is constructed adjacent to the ore body in the hanging wall; several mining area ore passes are arranged within the segmented vein-along roadway according to the strike length of the ore body;

[0014] (3) Cutting

[0015] After the ore body is exposed by the short tunnel, a vein-side bottom-pull roadway is excavated immediately adjacent to the ore body; from the vein-side bottom-pull roadway of the upper plate of the previous section, a cutting riser is constructed from the middle of the ore body in the stope to the vein-side bottom-pull roadway of the lower plate of this section;

[0016] (4) Retrieved

[0017] From the upper plate of the previous section, construct fan-shaped medium-deep holes along the vein roadway towards the ore body in the stope. Explosives are loaded into the fan-shaped medium-deep holes. Using the bottom pull roadway along the vein and the cutting riser as free surfaces and compensation spaces, blast in stages from the cutting riser towards both ends of the stope until the ore body in this stope is mined out. Use a shovel to load ore through the ore extraction short roadway of this section to the ore pass in the mining area.

[0018] Specifically, no inter-pillar is left between any two of the several mining areas, and the mining areas in the vertical direction are staggered with each other; during mining, the upper mining area is mined first and then the lower mining area is mined for two adjacent mining areas in the vertical direction, and the mining areas in the horizontal direction are mined using a "one-alternate mining" or "multiple-alternate mining" scheme.

[0019] Specifically, the deep holes in the fan shape are perpendicular to the outer edge of the upper segment upper plate vein roadway, which helps to expand the coverage of the fan-shaped holes and arrange them on one side towards the mining area.

[0020] Specifically, the stope and the backfill body after mining and filling the stope are both nearly parallelogram or rhomboid shapes with pointed top and bottom and left and right sides, and the bottom roadway along the vein and the wall roadway along the vein are both arranged outside the stope. This structural arrangement is conducive to the stability of the wall rock and the backfill body, and has higher safety, applicability and economy when the ore body stability conditions in the stope are not good.

[0021] Specifically, the cutting riser is located in the middle of the mining area. The cutting riser runs through the outer edge of the upper plate of the upper section and the bottom pull roadway of the lower plate of this section. The dip angle is not less than the natural angle of repose of the ore, which facilitates the natural transport of the ore. The height of the section is matched with the dip angle of the cutting riser.

[0022] Specifically, after the mining of this section is completed, the short roadway leading out of this section is first sealed, and the lower triangular area is filled with high-strength cementitious material or paste from the outer edge of the upper plate vein of the upper section. After the lower triangular area is filled, the setting time of the filling material is reserved or not reserved. The upper plate vein roadway of the upper section is sealed, and the upper triangular area is filled with low-strength cementitious material or paste from the outer edge of the upper plate vein of the upper second section.

[0023] Specifically, the surface formed by the vein-side bottom roadway and the through-cutting riser extending to both ends of the stope, as well as the interface between the footwall of the ore body and the ore-rock interface, together constitute a trench structure. By constructing the above-mentioned trench structure, it serves as a compensation space during mining, specifically for ore receiving and ore extraction.

[0024] Specifically, the ore extraction short roadway intersects obliquely with the vein-level bottom roadway and points towards the planned ore extraction area pass, with an intersection angle of 40°~60°, which helps to reduce the turning of the loader and improve ore extraction efficiency.

[0025] Specifically, a cutting well is formed by drilling a fan-shaped medium-deep hole and then blasting it in stages, or by drilling a well in one go with a well drilling rig. Then, using the cutting well as a free surface and compensation space, rows of fan-shaped medium-deep holes are drilled in the mining area in the order of "first the two ends and then upwards". The amount of blasting per blast and the height of the blast pile in the mining area are controlled to improve safety.

[0026] Specifically, during the entire mining process, personnel only move within the outer vein roadways and / or short ore extraction roadways of the hanging wall vein, reducing or avoiding the possibility of personnel entering the goaf or being exposed under the mining body. This also reduces the possibility of equipment entering the goaf or being exposed under the mining body, thus improving the safety of mining operations.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0028] 1. In this invention, both rock drilling and ore extraction are carried out in the external tunnel. The stability of the external tunnel can be better controlled due to the influence of mining and backfilling operations, thus ensuring a higher level of safety.

[0029] 2. Compared with the approach filling and layered filling mining processes, the amount of preparation and cutting work in this invention is less, thus the mining operation is more efficient and the cost is lower.

[0030] 3. The present invention does not reserve any pillars or set up top or bottom pillars throughout the entire mining process, which is conducive to improving the mining recovery rate of the ore body.

[0031] 4. The single-sided fan-shaped medium-deep hole arrangement adopted in this invention can control the depth of medium-deep holes to more than 30m, which can cover ore bodies with a horizontal thickness of 20m to 30m; the stope structure is large in size, and rock drilling and ore extraction operations can be adapted to mechanized operations, with a high degree of mechanization and large production capacity. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a downward-facing external fan-shaped deep-hole drilling segmented open space subsequent backfilling mining method provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of section II;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of section II-II;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting of the ceiling using the method described in this invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the filling partition of the method described in this invention;

[0037] In the diagram: 1-segmented roadway along the vein; 2-sloping ramp; 3-short ore extraction roadway; 4-bottom roadway along the vein; 5-outer roadway along the hanging wall vein; 6-mining area chute; 7-fan-shaped medium-deep hole; 8-stope; 9-cutting riser; 10-loader; 11-filling lower triangular area; 12-filling upper triangular area. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0039] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a method for subsequent backfilling of a subdivided open space in a downward-facing external fan-shaped deep-hole drilling process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the method for subsequent backfilling of open areas in a downward-facing external fan-shaped deep-hole drilling segment according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) The overall strategy is to divide the ore block into multiple middle sections according to a certain height. Each middle section is a stage, and each stage is divided into several sub-segments. The overall mining direction is from top to bottom, and several mining areas are divided perpendicular to the ore body direction.

[0042] (2) Preparation, specifically including: excavating a segmented vein roadway 1 outside the ore body in the footwall, with adjacent segmented roadways 1 connected by ramps 2; ramps 2 also serve as transportation and ventilation channels for this segment; excavating obliquely penetrating ore exit roadways 3 from the segmented vein roadway 1 at certain intervals; constructing a connecting roadway from the end of the segmented vein roadway 1 to the footwall of the ore body, and constructing a vein roadway 5 outside the footwall of the ore body adjacent to the ore body for use as medium-deep hole drilling; and arranging several mining area chutes 6 in the segmented vein roadway 1 according to the strike length of the ore body.

[0043] (3) Cutting, specifically: after the ore body is exposed by the short tunnel 3, a bottom tunnel 4 is excavated along the outer edge of the vein and adjacent to the ore body; from the bottom tunnel 5 of the upper plate of the previous section, the cut shaft 9 is constructed from the middle of the ore body in the mining area 8 to the bottom tunnel 4 of the lower plate of this section.

[0044] (4) Mining, specifically including: constructing a fan-shaped medium-deep hole 7 from the outer vein roadway 5 of the upper plate of the previous section to the ore body of the mining area 8, loading explosives in the fan-shaped medium-deep hole 7, using the bottom roadway 4 and the cutting riser 9 as the free surface and compensation space, and gradually blasting from the cutting riser 9 to both ends of the mining area until the mining of the ore body of this mining area 8 is completed; using a shovel loader 10 to shovel ore through the ore extraction short roadway 3 of this section to the mining area pass 6.

[0045] Specifically, in this invention, no inter-segment pillars are left between any two mining areas of the ore body divided into the middle section and the multiple mining areas of the ore body in this segment, which is conducive to improving the mining recovery rate of the ore body; the mining areas in the vertical direction are interspersed with each other, and the upper mining area is mined first, followed by the lower mining area; the mining areas in the horizontal direction adopt the "one-alternate mining" or "multiple-alternate mining" scheme for mining.

[0046] Specifically, the fan-shaped deep holes 7 are perpendicular to the outer edge of the upper segment upper plate vein roadway 5, which helps to expand the coverage of the fan-shaped holes and are arranged on one side towards the mining area 8. It is necessary to ensure the accuracy of each fan-shaped deep hole 7.

[0047] Specifically, stope 8 has a near-parallelogram or rhomboid structure with pointed top and bottom and left and right sides. The backfill body after stope 8 is mined and backfilled also has a near-parallelogram or rhomboid structure with pointed top and bottom and left and right sides, which is conducive to the stability of the hanging wall and the backfill body. The bottom pull roadway 4 in the footwall and the outer vein roadway 5 in the footwall are both arranged outside stope 8. When the ore body stability conditions in stope 8 are not good, the safety, applicability and economy are higher.

[0048] Specifically, the cutting riser 9 is located in the middle of the stope 8, which is more conducive to the arrangement of the fan-shaped medium-deep holes 7 in the stope 8. The cutting riser 9 penetrates the outer edge vein roadway 5 of the upper plate and the bottom pull roadway 4 of the lower plate of this section. The dip angle is not less than the natural angle of repose of the ore, which is conducive to the natural transport of ore. The height of the section is matched with the dip angle of the cutting riser 9.

[0049] Specifically, after the completion of the 8th round of mining in this section, the lower plate of this section (i.e., Figure 5 The lower triangular area 11) and the upper segment of the upper plate (i.e. Figure 5 The upper triangular area 12) is sealed and filled with adhesive.

[0050] Furthermore, during the sealing process, the short ore exit roadway 3 of this section is sealed first, and the lower triangular area 11 is filled with high-strength cementitious material or paste from the upper plateau roadway 5 of the upper section. After the lower triangular area 11 is filled, with or without reserving the setting time of the filling material, the upper plateau roadway 5 of the upper section is sealed, and the upper triangular area 12 is filled with low-strength cementitious material or paste from the outer edge roadway 5 of the upper plateau of the upper second section.

[0051] Specifically, the surface formed by the extension of the vein-side bottom roadway 4 and the through-cutting riser 9 to both ends of the stope, as well as the interface between the footwall of the ore body and the ore-rock interface, together constitute a trench structure. By constructing the above-mentioned trench structure, it is used as a compensation space during mining, specifically for receiving and extracting ore.

[0052] Specifically, the ore extraction short roadway 3 intersects the bottom roadway 4 at an angle and points towards the planned ore extraction chute 6 in the mining area, with an angle of 40°~60°. This helps to reduce the turning distance of the loader and improve the ore extraction efficiency.

[0053] Specifically, the cutting well 9 is formed by drilling fan-shaped medium-deep holes and then blasting them in stages, or by drilling a well in one go with a well drilling rig. Then, using the cutting well 9 as a free surface and compensation space, rows of fan-shaped medium-deep holes are drilled in the mining area 8 in the order of "first the two ends and then upwards". The amount of blasting per blast and the height of the blast pile in the mining area 8 are controlled to improve safety.

[0054] Specifically, during the entire mining process of the ore body in stope 8 of this invention, personnel only move within the outer vein roadway 5 and / or the ore extraction short roadway 3 of the hanging wall vein, thereby reducing or avoiding the possibility of personnel entering the goaf or being exposed under the ore body in stope 8, and also reducing the possibility of equipment entering the goaf or being exposed under the ore body in stope 8, thus improving the safety level of mining operations.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and in detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining by subsequent backfilling of open areas in a segmented, fan-shaped borehole formation outside a downward vein, characterized in that... For use on inclined ore bodies 20-30m thick; including the following steps: (1) Overall Strategy The ore body is divided into multiple intermediate sections according to a certain height. Each intermediate section is a stage. Within each stage, several sub-sections are divided. The overall mining direction is from top to bottom, and several mining areas are divided perpendicular to the ore body strike (8). No inter-pillar is left between any two of the aforementioned mining areas, and the mining areas in the vertical direction are staggered with each other; during mining, for two adjacent mining areas in the vertical direction, the upper mining area is mined first, and then the lower mining area is mined, and the mining areas in the horizontal direction are mined using a "one-alternate mining" or "multiple-alternate mining" scheme. (2) Adoption A segmented out-of-vein roadway (1) is excavated in the footwall of the ore body, and adjacent segments of the out-of-vein roadway (1) are connected by ramps (2); the ramps (2) also serve as the transportation and ventilation channels for this segment; short, inclined tunnels (3) are excavated at certain intervals from the segmented out-of-vein roadway (1) to the ore body; a connecting road is constructed from the end of the segmented out-of-vein roadway (1) to the hanging wall of the ore body, and an out-of-vein roadway (5) is constructed adjacent to the ore body in the hanging wall for use as a medium-deep hole drilling roadway; several mining area ore passes (6) are arranged in the segmented out-of-vein roadway (1) according to the strike length of the ore body. (3) Cutting After the ore body is exposed by the short tunnel (3), a bottom tunnel (4) is excavated along the vein outside the ore body. From the bottom tunnel (5) of the hanging wall of the previous section, a cutting riser (9) is constructed from the middle of the ore body in the mining area (8) to the bottom tunnel (4) of the hanging wall of this section. The cutting riser (9) is located in the middle of the mining area (8). The cutting riser (9) runs through the outer edge of the upper plate vein of the upper section and the bottom pull roadway (4) of the lower plate vein of this section. The dip angle is not less than the natural angle of repose of the ore. The height of the section matches the dip angle of the cutting riser (9). The surface formed by the extension of the vein-side bottom roadway (4) and the through-cutting headway (9) to both ends of the mining area, as well as the interface between the footwall of the ore body and the rock-ore interface, together constitute a trench structure; the ore extraction short roadway (3) and the vein-side bottom roadway (4) intersect obliquely and point towards the planned ore extraction area chute (6), with an intersection angle of 40°~60°; (4) Retrieved From the upper plate of the previous section, the outer vein roadway (5) is used to construct a fan-shaped medium-deep hole (7) towards the ore body of the stope (8). Explosives are loaded into the fan-shaped medium-deep hole (7). The bottom roadway (4) along the vein and the cutting riser (9) are used as free surfaces and compensation spaces. The blasting is carried out in stages from the cutting riser (9) towards both ends of the stope until the ore body of this stope (8) is mined out. The shovel loader (10) is used to shovel ore through the ore extraction short roadway (3) of this section to the ore pass (6) in the mining area. After the mining of this section (8) is completed, the short roadway (3) of this section is sealed first, and the lower triangular area (11) is filled with high-strength cementitious material or paste from the outer edge of the upper plate vein of the upper section (5). After the lower triangular area (11) is filled, the setting time of the filling material is reserved or not reserved. The outer edge of the upper plate vein of the upper section (5) is sealed, and the upper triangular area (12) is filled with low-strength cementitious material or paste from the outer edge of the upper plate vein of the upper second section (5). The mining area (8) and the backfill body after mining and filling in the mining area (8) are both nearly parallelogram or rhomboid shapes with pointed top and bottom and left and right sides. The bottom roadway (4) along the vein and the outer roadway (5) along the upper vein are both arranged outside the mining area (8).

2. The method for subsequent backfilling of open areas in a downward-facing, fan-shaped, medium-deep hole drilling sub-section mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fan-shaped deep hole (7) is perpendicular to the outer edge of the upper segment upper plate vein roadway (5) and is arranged on one side towards the mining area (8).

3. The method for subsequent backfilling of open areas in a downward-facing, fan-shaped, medium-deep hole drilling sub-section mining according to claim 1, characterized in that... The cutting well (9) is formed by blasting in sections after drilling fan-shaped medium-deep holes (7) or by drilling a well in one go with a well drilling machine. Then, using the cutting well (9) as a free surface and compensation space, rows of fan-shaped medium-deep holes (7) are drilled in the mining area (8) in the order of "first the two ends and then upward".

4. The method for subsequent backfilling of open areas in a downward-facing, fan-shaped, medium-deep hole drilling sub-section mining according to claim 1, characterized in that... During the entire mining process of the ore body (8), personnel only move within the outer vein roadway (5) and / or the short ore exit roadway (3) of the hanging wall.

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