A cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in macadamia nuts

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence rate of polyembryonic fruits in macadamia nuts, which comprises the following steps: S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of the macadamia nut fruit tree until before the withering of flowers, spray with a growth-promoting hormone every 18 - 25 days to promote the normal development of floral organs such as stamens and pistils; and during the flower bud differentiation period from November to December, if there is a drought, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moisture content not less than 65%; S2. In February - March every year, during the flowering period of the macadamia nut fruit tree, spray with the following fertilizers every 12 - 25 days: 500 - 1500 times solution of Yuhualing No. 6, 0.01 - 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 - 0.3% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.005 - 0.2% boron fertilizer. The method of the present invention can effectively reduce the incidence rate of polyembryonic fruits in macadamia nuts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of macadamia nut cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation management method for reducing the incidence of multi-embryo fruits in macadamia nuts. Background Art

[0002] Macadamia nuts, also known as Australian walnuts, Hawaiian nuts, and Queensland nuts, are native to the area between 23° and 29° south latitude in Queensland, Australia. They are tropical and subtropical crops and were later introduced into China, where they are planted in Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places. China is currently the largest planting country, accounting for more than 60% of the global total area.

[0003] During the process of introduction and cultivation, researchers found that after the macadamia nut trees bear fruit, a certain degree of multi-embryo phenomenon will occur, that is, multi-embryo fruits are produced, also known as twin fruits. The incidence of multi-embryo fruits in some varieties is more than 10%. Specifically, the normal flowering of macadamia nuts is one flower with one pistil (stigma), while the flower corresponding to the twin fruit has two pistils, and after development, twin deformed fruits are formed. After analysis, this is mainly because the macadamia nut trees are affected by abnormal environmental factors during the flower bud differentiation period, resulting in abnormal differentiation of pistil primordia. Multi-embryo fruits are a type of deformed fruit, which are inconvenient to process in subsequent processing and have relatively low commercial value.

[0004] At present, there is little research on reducing the incidence of multi-embryo fruits in macadamia nuts. To improve the quality of macadamia nuts, it is very necessary to conduct further research in this area. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention discloses a cultivation management method for reducing the incidence of multi-embryo fruits in macadamia nuts, which can effectively reduce the incidence of multi-embryo fruits in macadamia nuts.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A cultivation management method for reducing the incidence of multi-embryo fruits in macadamia nuts, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of macadamia nut trees until before the flowers wither, spray with the following growth-promoting hormones every 18 - 25 days: spermidine 500 - 1200 times solution, forchlorfenuron 500 - 1200 times solution, gibberellic acid 500 - 1200 times solution, seaweed extract 800 - 1500 times solution, zeatin 800 - 2000 times solution, 0.1 - 0.2% borax, indolebutyric acid 800 - 1500 times solution, 20 - 40 mg / L vitamin C, 1.5 - 2.5% sucrose, 0.01 - 0.20% macadamia nut pollen mixture; and during the flower bud differentiation period in November - December, if there is a drought, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moisture content not less than 65%;

[0009] S2. During February and March every year, during the flowering period of macadamia nut trees, spray with the following fertilizers every 12 - 25 days: Yu Hualing No. 6 at a dilution of 500 - 1500 times, 0.01 - 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 - 0.3% amino acid foliar fertilizer, and 0.005 - 0.2% boron fertilizer.

[0010] In steps S1 and S2, the percentages marked are all mass percentages. In step S2, the content of boron fertilizer is calculated based on boric acid molecules.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, during the flower bud differentiation period from November to December, if there is a dry weather, keep the soil moisture content at 68 - 80%.

[0012] Furthermore, in the macadamia nut pollen mixture, it contains at least pollen of two varieties of macadamia nuts.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the dosage of the growth - promoting hormone sprayed on each fruit tree is 10 - 25 kg;

[0014] In step S2, the dosage of the fertilizer sprayed on each fruit tree is 10 - 25 kg. Furthermore, starting from the fourth year of planting macadamia nut trees, prune the branches and leaves in October every year to keep the fruit trees ventilated and well - lit.

[0015] Even further, starting from the fourth year of planting macadamia nut trees, dig a fertilization trench in a circle at the position of the drip line of the tree crown in October every year. The depth of the fertilization trench is 25 - 35 cm. Crush the pruned branches and leaves, and mix them with planting soil, microbial inoculant, crushed branches and leaves, and water - retaining agent, then bury them in the fertilization trench. The weight ratio of planting soil, crushed branches and leaves, microbial inoculant, and water - retaining agent is 100 - 200:20 - 50:1 - 2:10 - 20, and 2 - 5 kg is applied to each fruit tree.

[0016] Even further, the microbial inoculant is a composition of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum. Even further, the microbial inoculant is composed of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum mixed in a weight ratio of 1 - 10:1.

[0017] Even further, the water - retaining agent is polyacrylamide.

[0018] Even further, the planting soil consists of the following components: 100 - 200 parts of soil with an organic matter content of not less than 6%, 3 - 5 parts of superphosphate, 0.5 - 2 parts of potassium humate, and 0.5 - 0.8 parts of borax.

[0019] The above - mentioned cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in macadamia nuts reduces the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in macadamia nuts through the combination of the following methods:

[0020] (1)During the flower bud differentiation period, by adding various growth hormones, the hormone levels of Macadamia integrifolia trees are regulated to promote the normal development of floral organs such as stamens and pistils, which helps reduce malformation and lower the incidence of polyembryony in fruits.

[0021] (2)During the flowering period of Macadamia integrifolia trees, by rationally matching nutrient elements, especially focusing on applying phosphate fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer, the reasonable nutrient elements of the tree body are ensured, and the incidence of polyembryony in fruits is reduced.

[0022] (3)The present invention further cooperates with reasonable pruning of branches and leaves to reduce ineffective water evaporation, ensure ventilation and light transmission, and is beneficial to the normal differentiation of flower buds.

[0023] (4)Before the flower bud differentiation period, the present invention further cooperates with the use of a long-acting water-retaining agent and a microbial inoculant to improve the soil environment and water supply performance, enhance the water absorption capacity of the roots, and coordinately promote the normal development of floral organs such as stamens and pistils. Embodiment

[0024] The following further illustrates the present invention with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0025] The tests of this embodiment were carried out in Nanning and Fusui respectively. For each embodiment and comparative example, 10 Macadamia integrifolia trees ("JW" variety) were selected for the test. Blank control example 1 and blank control example 2 were respectively 10 Macadamia integrifolia trees ("JW" variety) planted conventionally selected for investigation in the test bases of Fusui and Nanning respectively. In the 5th year of planting, the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in the embodiments, comparative examples and blank control examples was counted respectively.

[0026] The Macadamia integrifolia pollen mixture used in the following tests was composed of the pollen of Macadamia integrifolia varieties Guire 1, Guireyin 3, Guire 5 and Guire 7 mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0027] Embodiment 1 (Fusui test)

[0028] A cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in Macadamia integrifolia includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of Macadamia integrifolia trees until before the flowers wither, every 20 days, the following growth-promoting hormones are sprayed: spermidine 800-fold solution, forchlorfenuron 800-fold solution, gibberellic acid 800-fold solution, seaweed extract 1000-fold solution, zeatin 1500-fold solution, 0.15% borax, indolebutyric acid 1000-fold solution, 30 mg / L vitamin C, 2% sucrose, 0.15% Macadamia integrifolia pollen mixture, and the dosage for each tree is 15 kg each time; and during the flower bud differentiation period from November to December, if there is a drought, appropriate irrigation is carried out to keep the soil moisture content at 70-75%;

[0030] S2. From February to March every year, during the flowering period of macadamia nut trees, spray with the following fertilizers every 15 days: Yu Hualing No. 6 at 800 times dilution, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.1% boron fertilizer, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 15 kg.

[0031] Example 2 (Nanning experiment)

[0032] A cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in macadamia nuts, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of macadamia nut trees until before the flowers wither, spray with the following growth-promoting hormones every 25 days: spermidine at 500 times dilution, forchlorfenuron at 500 times dilution, gibberellic acid at 500 times dilution, seaweed extract at 800 times dilution, zeatin at 800 times dilution, 0.2% borax, indolebutyric acid at 800 times dilution, 30 mg / L vitamin C, 1.5% sucrose, 0.2% macadamia nut pollen mixture, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 15 kg; and during the flower bud differentiation period from November to December, if there is a drought, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moisture content at 68 - 75%;

[0034] S2. From February to March every year, during the flowering period of macadamia nut trees, spray with the following fertilizers every 20 days: Yu Hualing No. 6 at 800 times dilution, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.2% boron fertilizer, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 15 kg.

[0035] Example 3 (Nanning experiment)

[0036] A cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in macadamia nuts, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of macadamia nut trees until before the flowers wither, spray with the following growth-promoting hormones every 20 days: spermidine at 800 times dilution, forchlorfenuron at 800 times dilution, gibberellic acid at 800 times dilution, seaweed extract at 1000 times dilution, zeatin at 1500 times dilution, 0.15% borax, indolebutyric acid at 1000 times dilution, 30 mg / L vitamin C, 2% sucrose, 0.15% macadamia nut pollen mixture, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 15 kg; and during the flower bud differentiation period from November to December, if there is a drought, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moisture content at 70 - 75%;

[0038] S2. From February to March every year, during the flowering period of macadamia nut trees, spray with the following fertilizers every 15 days: Yu Hualing No. 6 at 800 times dilution, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.1% boron fertilizer, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 15 kg.

[0039] Example 4 (Nanning Experiment)

[0040] A cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in Macadamia integrifolia, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of the Macadamia integrifolia fruit tree until before the flowers wither, spray with the following growth-promoting hormones every 20 days: spermidine 1000-fold solution, forchlorfenuron 1000-fold solution, gibberellic acid 1000-fold solution, seaweed extract 1500-fold solution, zeatin 2000-fold solution, 0.2% borax, indolebutyric acid 1500-fold solution, 40 mg / L vitamin C, 2% sucrose, 0.10% Macadamia integrifolia pollen mixture, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 20 kg; and during the flower bud differentiation period from November to December, if there is drought, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moisture content at 70 - 75%;

[0042] S2. In February - March every year, during the flowering period of the Macadamia integrifolia fruit tree, spray with the following fertilizers every 15 days: Yuhualing No. 6 1000-fold solution, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.1% boron fertilizer, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 20 kg.

[0043] Example 5 (Fusui Experiment)

[0044] A cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in Macadamia integrifolia, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of the Macadamia integrifolia fruit tree until before the flowers wither, spray with the following growth-promoting hormones every 20 days: spermidine 800-fold solution, forchlorfenuron 800-fold solution, gibberellic acid 800-fold solution, seaweed extract 1000-fold solution, zeatin 1500-fold solution, 0.15% borax, indolebutyric acid 1000-fold solution, 30 mg / L vitamin C, 2% sucrose, 0.15% Macadamia integrifolia pollen mixture, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 15 kg; and during the flower bud differentiation period from November to December, if there is drought, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moisture content at 70 - 80%;

[0046] S2. In February - March every year, during the flowering period of the Macadamia integrifolia fruit tree, spray with the following fertilizers every 15 days: Yuhualing No. 6 800-fold solution, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.1% boron fertilizer, and the dosage for each fruit tree each time is 15 kg.

[0047] From the 4th year of macadamia tree planting, prune the branches and leaves every October to keep the tree well-ventilated and well-lit. After pruning the branches and leaves, dig a fertilization trench around the drip line of the tree crown. The depth of the fertilization trench is 30 - 35 cm. Crush the pruned branches and leaves, mix them with planting soil, Bacillus subtilis, crushed branches and leaves, and polyacrylamide, and bury them in the fertilization trench. The weight ratio of planting soil, crushed branches and leaves, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, and polyacrylamide is 100:30:1:1:15. The planting soil consists of the following components: 150 parts of soil with an organic matter content of not less than 6%, 5 parts of superphosphate, 1 part of fulvic acid potassium, and 0.5 part of borax. Apply 5 kg to each tree.

[0048] Example Six (Nanning Experiment)

[0049] A cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in macadamia nuts, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of the macadamia tree until before the flowers wither, spray with the following growth-promoting hormones every 20 days: 800-fold solution of spermidine, 800-fold solution of forchlorfenuron, 800-fold solution of gibberellic acid, 1000-fold solution of seaweed extract, 1500-fold solution of zeatin, 0.15% borax, 1000-fold solution of indolebutyric acid, 30 mg / L of vitamin C, 2% sucrose, and 0.15% macadamia nut pollen mixture. The dosage for each tree each time is 15 kg; and during the flower bud differentiation period in November - December, if there is a drought, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moisture content at 70 - 75%.

[0051] S2. In February - March every year, during the flowering period of the macadamia tree, spray with the following fertilizers every 15 days: 1000-fold solution of Yuhualing No. 6, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.1% boron fertilizer. The dosage for each tree each time is 15 kg.

[0052] From the 4th year of macadamia tree planting, prune the branches and leaves every October to keep the tree well-ventilated and well-lit. After pruning the branches and leaves, dig a fertilization trench around the drip line of the tree crown. The depth of the fertilization trench is 30 - 35 cm. Crush the pruned branches and leaves, mix them with planting soil, Bacillus subtilis, crushed branches and leaves, and polyacrylamide, and bury them in the fertilization trench. The weight ratio of planting soil, crushed branches and leaves, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, and polyacrylamide is 100:20:0.7:0.3:20. The planting soil consists of the following components: 200 parts of soil with an organic matter content of not less than 6%, 5 parts of superphosphate, 2 parts of fulvic acid potassium, and 0.8 part of borax. Apply 5 kg to each tree.

[0053] Control Example One (Fusui Experiment)

[0054] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, but in step S1, when spraying with the growth-promoting hormone, spermidine 800-fold solution, forchlorfenuron 800-fold solution, and zeatin 1500-fold solution were not added.

[0055] Comparative Example 2 (Nanning experiment)

[0056] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 3, but in step S1, when spraying with the growth-promoting hormone, spermidine 800-fold solution, forchlorfenuron 800-fold solution, and zeatin 1500-fold solution were not added.

[0057] Incidence of polyembryonic fruits in the macadamia variety "JW"

[0058] Treatment Incidence rate of polyembryonic fruits Blank control example 1 10.1% Blank control example 2 8.9% Example 1 3.5% Example 2 2.6% Example 3 2.8% Example 4 4.2% Example 5 3.0% Example 6 2.3% Comparative example 1 6.0% Comparative example 2 4.8%

Claims

1. A cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in Macadamia integrifolia, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Starting from the flower bud differentiation period of the macadamia nut tree until before the flowers wither, every 18 - 25 days, spray with the following growth-promoting hormones: spermidine 500 - 1200 times solution, forchlorfenuron 500 - 1200 times solution, gibberellic acid 500 - 1200 times solution, seaweed extract 800 - 1500 times solution, zeatin 800 - 2000 times solution, 0.1 - 0.2% borax, indolebutyric acid 800 - 1500 times solution, 20 - 40mg / L vitamin C, 1.5 - 2.5% sucrose, 0.01 - 0.20% macadamia nut pollen mixture; and during the flower bud differentiation period in November - December, if there is a drought, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moisture content not less than 65%; S2. In February - March every year, during the flowering period of the macadamia nut tree, spray with the following fertilizers every 12 - 25 days: Yuhualing No. 6 500 - 1500 times solution, 0.01 - 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 - 0.3% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.005 - 0.2% boron fertilizer.

2. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits of macadamia nuts according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, during the flower bud differentiation period in November - December, if there is a drought, keep the soil moisture content at 68 - 80%.

3. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits of macadamia nuts according to claim 1, wherein: In the macadamia nut pollen mixture, it contains at least two varieties of macadamia nut pollen.

4. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits of macadamia nuts according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the dosage of the growth-promoting hormone sprayed on each fruit tree is 10 - 25 kg; In step S2, the dosage of the fertilizer sprayed on each fruit tree is 10 - 25 kg.

5. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits of macadamia nuts according to claim 1, wherein: Starting from the 4th year of planting the macadamia nut tree, prune the branches and leaves every October to keep the fruit tree ventilated and transparent.

6. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits of macadamia nuts according to claim 5, wherein: Starting from the 4th year of planting the macadamia nut tree, dig a fertilization trench in a circle at the position of the tree trunk's drip line every October. The depth of the fertilization trench is 25 - 35 cm. Crush the pruned branches and leaves, and mix them with planting soil, microbial inoculant, crushed branches and leaves, and water-retaining agent, then bury them in the fertilization trench. The weight ratio of planting soil, crushed branches and leaves, microbial inoculant, and water-retaining agent is 100 - 200:20 - 50:1 - 2:10 - 20, and 2 - 5 kg is applied to each fruit tree.

7. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits of macadamia nuts according to claim 6, wherein: The microbial inoculant is a composition of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum.

8. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits of macadamia nuts according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: The microbial inoculant is composed of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum mixed in a weight ratio of 1 - 10:

1.

9. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in Macadamia integrifolia as claimed in claim 6, wherein: The water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.

10. The cultivation and management method for reducing the incidence of polyembryonic fruits in Macadamia integrifolia as claimed in claim 6, wherein: The planting soil consists of the following components: 100 - 200 parts of soil with an organic matter content of not less than 6%, 3 - 5 parts of superphosphate, 0.5 - 2 parts of fulvic acid potassium, and 0.5 - 0.8 parts of borax.