Wheat breeding method based on yellowing evaluation
By calculating the yellowing coefficient and combining it with standard control varieties, the problem of qualitative evaluation of traditional wheat yellowing was solved, accurate screening in the wheat breeding process was achieved, and breeding costs were reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311798116.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-12-26
AI Technical Summary
The traditional method for evaluating wheat yellowing is qualitative and cannot accurately distinguish yellowing conditions, resulting in large screening errors during the breeding process and making it difficult to guide an accurate breeding process.
The concept of yellowing coefficient was adopted. By calculating the yellowing coefficient = (number of days in the late filling period - number of days in the decay period) / number of days in the late filling period, quantitative evaluation was performed in combination with standard control varieties, and screening criteria were set to achieve accurate screening.
The quantitative evaluation of wheat yellowing has been realized, which reduces errors in the breeding process, improves the accuracy and scientificity of screening, and reduces breeding costs.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wheat progeny selection and breeding methods, and in particular relates to a wheat progeny selection and breeding method based on yellowing evaluation. Background Art
[0002] The traditional method of evaluating yellowing is qualitative, and is based on the natural degree of color change of wheat leaves from green to yellow in the later stage, the process of wheat turning from green to yellow, and the external expression of internal physiological changes of photosynthetic organs such as leaves, ears, and stems during plant maturation and aging. The quality of wheat yellowing is closely related to the degree of grain filling, grain fullness index, maturity, grain color, quality, etc. In varieties with good yellowing, the leaves, generally referring to the upper leaves, are still functional during the waxy stage, while in varieties with poor yellowing, the leaves become withered and dry before maturity. The existing technology generally divides yellowing into three levels: 1, 3, and 5 (i.e., good, medium, and poor), and cannot accurately distinguish between the cases of yellowing. This distinction method is very rough and cannot be used to accurately guide the selection and breeding process in wheat breeding. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wheat selection and breeding method based on yellowing evaluation, in which the judgment of yellowing is quantified to achieve a more accurate screening process. In this process, yellowing is quantitatively evaluated, and a correlation is established between yellowing and grain maturity, thereby reducing visual errors and maximizing comprehensive screening and evaluation of materials.
[0004] A wheat breeding method based on yellowing evaluation is provided, which is characterized by setting a standard control variety, calculating the yellowing coefficient of the test variety and the standard control variety at the same time, and screening according to the following criteria when the yellowing coefficient of the standard control material is lower than 0.700:
[0005] (1) The yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is greater than 0.850 and less than or equal to 1.000, and will be retained as the key material with good yellowing performance;
[0006] (2) The tested varieties with yellowing coefficient greater than 0.700 and less than or equal to 0.850 will be considered as materials with better yellowing performance and will be screened in combination with other traits;
[0007] (3) The yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is greater than 0.500 and less than or equal to 0.700, which will be regarded as the material with yellowing deviation. The variety with good grain fullness can be retained, otherwise it will be eliminated;
[0008] (4) When the yellowing coefficient of the test variety is less than 0.500 but the difference between the yellowing coefficient of the test variety and the standard control variety is less than or equal to 0.2, the grains are well filled and can be retained; otherwise, they can be eliminated;
[0009] (5) When the yellowing coefficient of the test variety is 0.2 lower than that of the control variety, it will be eliminated directly.
[0010] When the yellowing coefficient of the standard reference material is greater than or equal to 0.700, screening is performed according to the following criteria:
[0011] (1) The yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is greater than 0.850 and less than or equal to 1.000, and will be retained as the key material with good yellowing performance;
[0012] (2) The tested varieties with yellowing coefficient greater than 0.700 and less than or equal to 0.850 will be considered as materials with better yellowing performance and will be screened in combination with other traits;
[0013] (3) The yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is greater than 0.500 and less than or equal to 0.700, which will be regarded as the material with yellowing deviation. The variety with good grain fullness can be retained, otherwise it will be eliminated;
[0014] (4) If the yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is less than 0.500, it will be directly eliminated;
[0015] The calculation method of the yellowing coefficient is: yellowing coefficient = (late filling days - decay days) / late filling days, the number of days from flowering to wax maturity divided by 3 is called the late filling days.
[0016] According to one embodiment of the present application, the screening in combination with other traits means that the thousand-grain weight and grain plumpness must be equal to or better than the thousand-grain weight and plumpness of the standard control material.
[0017] According to another embodiment of the present application, the better kernel fullness means that the fullness is graded as 1-3 and is better than the fullness of the standard control material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] In order to solve the technical problems of this application, the applicant, after years of breeding practice, proposed the concept of yellowing coefficient, which quantified the yellowing property and facilitated the reference and adoption of breeders in practice.
[0019] The number of days from wheat flowering to wax maturity is divided into three stages: front, middle and back. The three stages are evenly segmented, and the number of days in the later stage, that is, the number of days from flowering to wax maturity divided by 3, is called the number of days in the late filling stage. The yellowing coefficient of a certain variety is calculated according to the following formula: Yellowing coefficient = (number of days in the late filling stage - number of days of decay) / number of days in the late filling stage. This coefficient is <= 1. The larger the yellowing coefficient value, the better the yellowing. The number of days of decay refers to the number of days from the date when the leaves lose their photosynthetic function to the date when the grains become waxy. This makes it easier to compare and rank different varieties and compare their advantages and disadvantages; the differences in the same variety at different locations / treatments are also easier to compare, which is conducive to the selection of variety adaptability.
[0020] In actual selection and breeding, during the offspring selection stage and the new line yield test stage, after wheat ear formation, the flowering period, the flag leaf and other upper leaf decay dates, and the wax maturity period are carefully observed and recorded. The yellowing coefficient is calculated based on the recorded results. Generally speaking, the flag leaf decay days do not exceed 5 days, and the yellowing coefficient is generally above 0.5. In the experiment, a standard control variety is set, and the yellowing coefficient of the standard control variety is calculated at the same time. The standard control variety has relatively stable performance. For example, Jimai 22 or Heng 4399 can be selected as the standard control variety. In the selection and breeding, the standard control variety is treated differently according to two situations. When the yellowing coefficient of the standard control material is lower than 0.700, it is screened according to the following standards:
[0021] (1) The yellowing coefficient is greater than 0.850 and less than or equal to 1.000, and will be retained as key materials with good yellowing performance;
[0022] (2) Materials with a yellowing coefficient greater than 0.700 and less than or equal to 0.850 will be considered as materials with good yellowing properties and will be screened in combination with other properties;
[0023] (3) The yellowing coefficient is greater than 0.500 and less than or equal to 0.700, which will be regarded as the material with yellowing deviation. The material with good grain fullness can be retained, otherwise it will be eliminated;
[0024] (4) When the yellowing coefficient of the test variety is less than 0.500 but the difference between the yellowing coefficient of the test variety and that of the standard control variety is less than or equal to 0.2, the grain fullness is good and can be retained; otherwise, it can be eliminated.
[0025] (5) When the yellowing coefficient of the test variety is 0.2 lower than that of the control variety, it will be eliminated directly.
[0026] The main purpose of setting up standard control varieties is that certain special years will affect the performance of wheat yellowing. If the test objects are directly eliminated based solely on the coefficient being lower than 0.700, it will lead to a large number of incorrect screenings in certain special years, causing a lot of waste and a significant increase in the cost of the selection and breeding process.
[0027] When the yellowing coefficient of the standard reference material is greater than or equal to 0.700, screening is performed according to the following criteria:
[0028] (1) The yellowing coefficient is greater than 0.850 and less than or equal to 1.000, and will be retained as key materials with good yellowing performance;
[0029] (2) Materials with a yellowing coefficient greater than 0.700 and less than or equal to 0.850 will be considered as materials with good yellowing properties and will be screened in combination with other properties;
[0030] (3) The yellowing coefficient is greater than 0.500 and less than or equal to 0.700, which will be regarded as the material with yellowing deviation. The material with good grain fullness can be retained, otherwise it will be eliminated;
[0031] (4) If the yellowing coefficient is less than 0.500, it will be eliminated directly.
[0032] In the above method, screening in combination with other traits means that the thousand-grain weight and grain fullness must be equal to or better than the thousand-grain weight and grain fullness of the standard control material.
[0033] In the above method, the grain plumpness refers to a plumpness grade of 1-3 and is better than the plumpness of the standard control material. The plumpness grading standards can be found in the book "Technical Regulations for Regional Trials of Crop Varieties (Wheat)".
[0034] This application combines many years of experimental data and conducts a quantitative analysis of yellowing for the first time. Different treatment methods are determined for different yellowing coefficients based on the experimental results over the years. This quantitative method is scientific and convenient, and has a very important guiding significance for guiding technical personnel in this field to carry out accurate scientific breeding. In addition, on the basis of the above, this application takes into account the influence of special years for the first time, sets standard control varieties to achieve scientific distinction, and avoids the errors caused by the use of absolute values. Finally, for the two cases of yellowing coefficient greater than 0.700 and less than or equal to 0.850 and yellowing coefficient greater than 0.500 and less than or equal to 0.700, different screening criteria are determined for the first time according to their respective different situations. Such criteria are obtained by the applicant based on many years of experimental data analysis and decades of breeding experience. The above-mentioned screening breeding method based on yellowing has been verified through the actual breeding process and can further reduce breeding costs.
Claims
1. A wheat selection and breeding method based on yellowing evaluation, characterized by: Set a standard control variety and calculate the yellowing coefficient of the test variety and the standard control variety at the same time. When the yellowing coefficient of the standard control variety is lower than 0.700, screen according to the following criteria: (1) The yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is greater than 0.850 and less than or equal to 1.000, and will be retained as the key material with good yellowing performance; (2) The tested varieties with yellowing coefficient greater than 0.700 and less than or equal to 0.850 will be considered as materials with better yellowing performance and will be screened in combination with other traits; (3) If the yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is greater than 0.500 and less than or equal to 0.700, it will be considered as a material with yellowing deviation. If the grain is full, it will be retained; otherwise, it will be eliminated; (4) When the yellowing coefficient of the test variety is less than 0.500 but the difference between the yellowing coefficient of the test variety and the standard control variety is less than or equal to 0.2, the grain fullness is better to be retained, otherwise it will be eliminated; (5) If the yellowing coefficient of the test variety is 0.2 lower than that of the standard control variety, it will be directly eliminated; When the yellowing coefficient of the standard reference variety is greater than or equal to 0.700, screening shall be carried out according to the following criteria: (1) The yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is greater than 0.850 and less than or equal to 1.000, and will be retained as the key material with good yellowing performance; (2) The tested varieties with yellowing coefficient greater than 0.700 and less than or equal to 0.850 will be considered as materials with better yellowing performance and will be screened in combination with other traits; (3) If the yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is greater than 0.500 and less than or equal to 0.700, it will be considered as a material with yellowing deviation. If the grain is full, it will be retained; otherwise, it will be eliminated; (4) If the yellowing coefficient of the tested variety is less than 0.500, it will be directly eliminated; The calculation method of the yellowing coefficient is: yellowing coefficient = (late filling days - decay days) / late filling days, the number of days from flowering to waxy maturity divided by 3 is called the late filling days, and decay days refers to the date from the date when the leaves lose their photosynthetic function to the date when the grains are waxy.
2. The wheat selection and breeding method based on yellowing evaluation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening in combination with other traits means that the thousand-grain weight and grain fullness must be equal to or better than the thousand-grain weight and fullness of the standard control variety.
3. A wheat selection and breeding method based on yellowing evaluation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The better grain fullness means that the fullness is graded as 1-3 and is better than the fullness of the standard control variety.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Method for identifying high-temperature-stage high-quality rice varieties by utilizing alkali spreading values
CN112369322A