A greenhouse planting method for oat grass in alpine pastoral areas

Abstract

The application provides a method for planting oat grass in high-cold pasture areas and belongs to the technical field of pasture planting. The oat grass seeds are sowed after laying soil substrates in a greenhouse, the soil substrates comprise soil, animal manure organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants, the soil and the animal manure organic fertilizer are mixed according to a volume ratio of 1:3, and the microbial inoculants comprise phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-promoting bacteria. The application effectively improves the yield and quality of the oat grass, provides a scientific basis for greenhouse planting of the oat grass in the northern Tibetan area to improve the yield and quality, solves the problem of lack of grass for livestock, promotes the development of grass and animal husbandry, and improves the income of herdsmen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forage planting technology, and in particular relates to a method for greenhouse planting of oat grass in high-altitude pastoral areas. Background Technology

[0002] Tibet, known as the "Roof of the World" and the "Third Pole of the Earth," is one of my country's five major pastoral areas and a vital ecological security barrier. Affected by global climate change and human activities, large areas of grassland have degraded, and the supply of forage cannot meet the demands of the rapidly developing livestock industry, leading to increasingly severe conflicts between livestock and forage.

[0003] Nagqu, located on the northern Tibetan Plateau, has an average altitude of over 4,500 meters and a harsh climate with oxygen concentrations about half that of the plains. Nagqu possesses abundant grassland resources, making pastoral farming a vital pillar industry. However, overgrazing and harsh natural conditions have led to the degradation of Nagqu's natural grasslands, negatively impacting the already fragile plateau ecosystem. Furthermore, the short growth cycle of natural grasslands prevents year-round fodder supply for livestock, resulting in a situation where livestock are fat in summer, strong in autumn, thin in winter, and die in spring. Natural forage yields are low, far from meeting livestock needs. Simultaneously, the development of artificial grasslands is limited in scale and yield due to natural conditions. These factors exacerbate Nagqu's forage shortage problem, hindering the sustainable development of pastoral farming in Tibet and intensifying the conflict between livestock and pastoral resources. Therefore, forage scarcity has become the core issue restricting the healthy development of Nagqu's pastoral farming industry.

[0004] To address the shortage of natural forage and reduce the environmental impact on forage growth, developing greenhouse forage cultivation can solve this problem. However, due to the low nutrient content of the soil in Nagqu, which cannot meet the growth requirements of forage, researching suitable soil substrates for greenhouse use to improve forage yield and quality is of great significance in solving the local forage shortage problem.

[0005] Oat hay is a high-quality annual forage crop with excellent characteristics such as cold resistance, tolerance to poor soil and salinity, and ease of cultivation. It is a major forage crop in high-altitude and cold-climate pastoral areas with harsh climates, short warm seasons, and long cold seasons. It has a high sugar content, good palatability, tall plants with slender stems and abundant leaves. Oat hay has a sweet taste and is rich in highly water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC≥15%, while imported alfalfa is generally around 9%), giving it high feed value and earning it the reputation of "sweet hay." The protein, fat, and dietary fiber content of oats is higher than that of other cereal crops. Currently, oat research in Tibet mainly focuses on introduction and cultivation, genetic breeding, and stress resistance; research on the effects of different soil substrates in greenhouses on the agronomic and quality traits of oats is relatively limited. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a method for planting oat grass by using greenhouse substrate, which is suitable for the alpine pastoral area in northern Tibet and can effectively improve the yield and quality of oat grass.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions.

[0008] The method for planting oat grass in an alpine pastoral area comprises the following steps: after laying soil substrate in a greenhouse, oat grass seeds are sown, the soil substrate comprises soil, animal manure organic fertilizer and microbial inoculant, the soil and the animal manure organic fertilizer are mixed according to a volume ratio of 1:3, and the microbial inoculant comprises phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-promoting bacteria.

[0009] Preferably, the effective viable cell number of the microbial inoculant in the soil substrate is 1.8-5 million cells / g of soil substrate.

[0010] Preferably, the dosage of the microbial inoculant is 500-1000 g / acre.

[0011] Preferably, the laying thickness of the soil substrate is 20-30 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the soil in the soil substrate is local beach soil or construction waste soil.

[0013] Preferably, the greenhouse is any one of a sunlight greenhouse, a modern intelligent greenhouse or a livestock warm shed.

[0014] Preferably, the alpine pastoral area is the plateau in northern Tibet.

[0015] Preferably, the sowing depth of the oat grass is 1.5-3 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the planting density of the oat grass is 760-1000 plants / m 2 .

[0017] Preferably, the oat grass variety is any one of Qinghai 444, Qinghai sweet oat, Qingyan No. 1 and Qingyin No. 1.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present application provides a method for planting oat grass in an alpine pastoral area, provides suitable soil substrate for oat grass planting according to the actual situation of the alpine pastoral area, plants oat grass in a greenhouse, provides a scientific basis for improving the yield and quality of oat grass in the greenhouse in northern Tibet, thereby solving the problem of lack of grass for livestock, promoting the development of grass and animal husbandry and improving the income of herdsmen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Comparison of oat grass agronomic characters in different soil substrates

[0021] Figure 2 Comparison of the nutritional quality of oat grass in different soil substrates. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a method for planting oat grass in high-altitude pastoral areas. Oat grass seeds are sown after a soil substrate is laid in a greenhouse. The soil substrate includes soil, animal manure organic fertilizer, and microbial inoculants. The soil and animal manure organic fertilizer are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:3. The microbial inoculants include phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-promoting bacteria.

[0023] In this invention, the high-altitude pastoral area refers to the northern Tibetan Plateau. In this region, the soil is fertile and barren. Due to the unique geographical environment, the natural pasture has a short growth cycle, and natural grasslands are subject to degradation. Therefore, developing forage grass cultivation requires ensuring both high-quality and high-yield forage grass while also maintaining the foundation for organic forage grass production and protecting the local ecological environment. The oat grass cultivation method provided by this invention is suitable for high-altitude pastoral areas. It can improve the yield and quality of oat grass without damaging the local environment, promoting the development of forage grass farming and solving the problem of livestock forage shortage.

[0024] In this invention, the soil substrate is laid with a thickness of 20-30 cm, preferably 23-27 cm. The soil substrate laid in this invention provides a suitable growing environment for oat grass, promotes its growth, and is cost-effective and efficient.

[0025] In this invention, the soil in the soil matrix is ​​local riverbed soil or construction waste soil. This invention uses locally sourced soil and utilizes local non-arable land soil, avoiding the high costs caused by long-distance transportation of imported soil, improving resource utilization, and not affecting the normal use of local arable land, thus avoiding damage to the local ecological environment. As an feasible method, gravel and debris in the soil are removed before mixing with animal manure organic fertilizer.

[0026] In this invention, the animal manure organic fertilizer is preferably local cow and sheep manure organic fertilizer, which is easy to obtain and has low cost. Using oat grass grown with local cow and sheep manure organic fertilizer to feed cattle and sheep can achieve a virtuous cycle of planting and raising.

[0027] In this invention, the microbial agent is a common commercially available microbial agent. The microbial agent contains phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms. The effective viable count of the microbial agent in the soil matrix is ​​1.8-5 million cells / g soil matrix, preferably 2.1-3.2 million cells / g matrix. The microbial agent of this invention can improve the nutrient elements in the soil and provide the necessary nutrients for the growth of oat grass.

[0028] In the present application, the microbial inoculant is used in an amount of 500-1000 g / mu, preferably in an amount of 700-850 g / mu. As an implementable mode, the microbial inoculant is used by being diluted with water and then being used for root irrigation, the water is 500-700 kg / mu, preferably 550-650 kg / mu, and the microbial inoculant is applied at the time of sowing.

[0029] The present application studies the interaction among soil, animal manure organic fertilizer and microbial inoculant, and provides a soil matrix capable of meeting the growth needs of oat grass in an alpine pastoral area and improving the yield and quality of oat grass.

[0030] In the present application, the greenhouse is any one of a sunlight greenhouse, a modern intelligent greenhouse or a livestock warming shed. As an implementable mode, oat grass is planted in the livestock warming shed from May to October.

[0031] In the present application, the sowing depth of oat grass is 1.5-3 cm, and the planting density is 760-1000 plants / m 2 , preferably the sowing depth is 2-2.5 cm, and the planting density is 860-920 plants / m 2 . As an implementable mode, oat grass seeds are sown in an amount of 10-13.5 kg per mu, preferably in an amount of 11.6-12.4 kg per mu.

[0032] In the present application, the oat grass variety is any one of Qinghai 444, Qinghai Sweet Oat, Qingyan No. 1 and Qingyin No. 1.

[0033] In the present application, water is pre-irrigated two days before oat sowing, and the soil is irrigated when it is semi-dry and wet, the frequency and amount of irrigation are flexibly controlled according to the soil moisture condition, and oat grass has a high demand for water, and sufficient water supply must be ensured during the heading and jointing periods. As an implementable mode, the relative humidity of the soil matrix is maintained at 50-70%.

[0034] According to the actual production conditions of an alpine pastoral area, the present application proportionally prepares a soil matrix suitable for oat grass planting, and combines scientific management measures to make the oat grass in the greenhouse high-yield and high-quality.

[0035] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in combination with examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The present example provides a method for planting oat grass in an alpine pastoral area

[0038] The river beach soil is mixed with local cow and sheep manure organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 1:3 after removing stones and sundries in the soil, and is laid in a modern intelligent greenhouse with a laying thickness of 20 cm;

[0039] Pre-irrigation is performed 2 days before sowing the oat seeds, and the soil matrix relative humidity is kept at 65%;

[0040] The oat grass seeds are sown, the oat grass sowing depth is 2.5 cm, and the planting density is 900 plants / m 2 , the soil is irrigated when it is semi-dry and wet, the soil matrix relative humidity is kept at 65%, and sufficient water supply is ensured during the heading and jointing periods;

[0041] The microbial agent is applied at the time of sowing, the microbial agent in this embodiment is a phosphorus and potassium dissolving microorganism, the effective viable cell number in the soil matrix is 2 million cells / g of the matrix, 720 g is used per mu, and irrigation is applied after 600 kg of water is mixed.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The embodiment provides a method for planting oat grass in an alpine pastoral area

[0044] The river beach soil is mixed with local cow and sheep manure organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 1:3 after removing stones and sundries in the soil, and is laid in a modern intelligent greenhouse with a laying thickness of 25 cm;

[0045] Pre-irrigation is performed 2 days before sowing the oat seeds, and the soil matrix relative humidity is kept at 55%;

[0046] The oat grass seeds are sown, the oat grass sowing depth is 3 cm, and the planting density is 950 plants / m 2 , the soil is irrigated when it is semi-dry and wet, the soil matrix relative humidity is kept at 55%, and sufficient water supply is ensured during the heading and jointing periods;

[0047] The microbial agent is applied at the time of sowing, the microbial agent in this embodiment is a phosphorus and potassium dissolving microorganism, the effective viable cell number in the soil matrix is 2.22 million cells / g of the matrix, 800 g is used per mu, and irrigation is applied after 620 kg of water is mixed.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] The difference between the comparative example and the embodiment 1 is that the river beach soil is directly laid in a modern intelligent greenhouse after removing stones and sundries in the soil, and no microbial agent is used.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] The difference between the comparative example and the embodiment 1 is that the river beach soil is directly laid in a modern intelligent greenhouse after removing stones and sundries in the soil.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the river beach soil is mixed with local cow and sheep manure organic fertilizer at a volume ratio of 3:1 after removing the gravel and sundries in the soil.

[0054] Comparative Example 4

[0055] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the river beach soil is mixed with local cow and sheep manure organic fertilizer at a volume ratio of 3:1 after removing the gravel and sundries in the soil.

[0056] Comparative Example 5

[0057] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the river beach soil is mixed with local cow and sheep manure organic fertilizer at a volume ratio of 1:1 after removing the gravel and sundries in the soil, and no microbial agent is used.

[0058] Comparative Example 6

[0059] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the river beach soil is mixed with local cow and sheep manure organic fertilizer at a volume ratio of 1:1 after removing the gravel and sundries in the soil.

[0060] Comparative Example 7

[0061] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no microbial agent is used.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] This example compares the effects of different planting methods on oat grass

[0064] The experimental area of this example is located in the Galde Ecological Livestock Industry Co., Ltd. in Kaima 4 Village, Luoma Town, Saini District, Naqu City, Tibet Autonomous Region, with an altitude of 4550 meters. The Tibetan Plateau region where the area is located has diverse terrain and belongs to the sub-frigid zone climate region. It is high and cold, with large temperature difference between day and night, and mostly windy weather. From November to March of the following year every year, it is the dry and windy period in the Tibetan Plateau region, during which the climate is dry, the temperature is low, the oxygen is lacking, the sandstorm is large, and the duration is long. From May to September, it is relatively warm and the climate is mild, with calm and beautiful weather, and rainfall accounts for 80% of the annual total. The green plant growth period is about one hundred days a year. The annual average temperature is -0.9℃-3.3℃, the annual relative humidity is 48%-51%, and the annual rainfall is only between 100-200 millimeters. The area has abundant sunlight resources, with an average annual solar radiation of 6000 megajoules per square meter, and the annual sunshine hours are 2852.6-2881.7 hours.

[0065] In the modern greenhouse in Gaid, oat grass Qinghai 444 is planted, and a potting method (diameter 20 cm) is used to compare the agronomic traits and nutritional quality of oat grass under different planting methods of comparative example 1 and comparative examples 1-7. Each treatment has 6 replicates, and 30 plants are sown in each pot for comparison experiments. The different planting methods and experimental numbers are shown in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1 Different planting methods

[0067]

[0068] The agronomic traits and nutritional traits of oat grass under different substrate treatments are weighted by the entropy method. The agronomic trait index values of oat grass at maturity under soil substrate experiments are shown in Table 2, and the agronomic traits of oat grass under different substrate treatments are shown in Table 2. Figure 1 The nutritional quality index values are shown in Table 2. Figure 2 It can be seen that the method provided by the present application plants oat grass, and the oat grass is in the heading stage and matures in about 60 days, the dry grass yield is 4732.17 kg / hm 2 , the leaf stem ratio is 92.1%, the crude protein content is 15.91%, the crude ash content is 11.23%, the crude fat content is 3.74%, the lignin content is 1.45%, the acid detergent fiber content is 27.75%, the neutral detergent fiber content is 52.23%, and the oat quality can reach the A-type oat hay quality special grade standard of the China Animal Husbandry Association. Compared with other planting methods, the yield and quality of oat grass are significantly improved.

[0069] Table 2 Index values of oat grass under different substrate treatments

[0070]

[0071] The best planting method of oat grass is evaluated by using the gray correlation comprehensive evaluation method. The gray correlation comprehensive evaluation results are shown in Table 3, and the results show that D2 is the best comprehensive quality planting method of oat grass. It can be seen that the method provided by the present application improves the quality of oat grass.

[0072] Table 3 Weighted correlation results

[0073]

[0074] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, some improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for growing oat grass in alpine pasture areas, characterized in that, Sowing oat grass seeds on soil matrix laid in a greenhouse, the soil matrix comprising soil, animal manure organic fertilizer and microbial inoculum, the soil and animal manure organic fertilizer being mixed at a volume ratio of 1:3, and the microbial inoculum being phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-promoting bacteria; The effective viable cell number of the microbial inoculum in the soil matrix is 1.8-5 million cells per gram of soil matrix; The dosage of the microbial inoculum is 500-1000 g per mu; The high-cold pastoral area is the northern plateau of Tibet.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the soil matrix is 20-30 cm.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The soil in the soil matrix is local river beach soil or construction waste soil.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The greenhouse is any one of sunlight greenhouse, modern intelligent greenhouse or livestock warm shed.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The sowing depth of the oat grass is 1.5-3 cm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The oat grass planting density is 760-1000 plants / m 2 .

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The oat grass variety includes any one of Qinghai 444, Qinghai sweet oat, Qingyan No. 1 and Qingyin No. 1.

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