Method for mounting and adjusting a tapered roller bearing

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of conical roller bearing installation adjustment methods, by sequentially carried out initial data calibration, first data measurement, secondary data measurement, first data calculation, secondary data calculation, spacer ring machining and bearing assembly etc., using the measurement and calculation of the structural data of bearing and its matched components, the thickness size of spacer ring is calculated, according to this, spacer ring is processed by grinding, then spacer ring is assembled in the corresponding position between two bearings, to complete the overall assembly of bearing and reliable installation connection with shaft and bearing seat. In the whole operation process, the matched spacer ring size can be accurately calculated without frequent disassembly and detection of bearing, and the matched spacer ring is processed by grinding accordingly, the accuracy of conical roller bearing play calculation and the corresponding spacer ring matching size precision are improved, so that the overall assembly precision and structural adaptability of bearing are correspondingly improved, and the assembly installation and adaptive adjustment of bearing are more accurate and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of debugging and installation methods for tapered roller bearing components, and particularly to a method for installing and adjusting tapered roller bearings. Background Technology

[0002] In the current field of mechanical transmission, tapered roller bearings are receiving increasing attention due to their ability to withstand large radial and axial forces simultaneously. In particular, when tapered roller bearings are used in pairs, they can provide better structural support for the shaft system, and after adjusting the bearing clearance, the bearings can operate in a stable state.

[0003] For this reason, tapered roller bearings are increasingly used in transmission equipment such as gearboxes. For example, many shaft systems in wind turbine gearboxes use tapered roller bearings in a paired assembly support method.

[0004] Currently, the assembly of tapered roller bearings in this field typically employs a relatively traditional method for adjusting clearance. Specifically, this involves installing the bearing into the bearing housing and shaft, then using a thin-walled adjusting shim to test the bearing clearance. Based on the measured dimensions, a spacer of the matching size is ground. The upper bearing is then removed, and the spacer and bearing are installed and assembled in sequence. The bearing clearance is then measured again. If it is still not satisfactory, a spacer of the matching size is ground again based on the re-measured dimensions. After the spacer is ground, the upper bearing and the old spacer are removed again, and the new spacer and upper bearing are assembled in sequence. The bearing clearance is measured again. This process is repeated until the re-measured bearing clearance is satisfactory, thus completing the bearing clearance adjustment and assembly.

[0005] However, common tapered roller bearings are usually classified as follows: Figure 1 The face-to-face mounting structure shown and as Figure 2The back-to-back mounting structure shown differs from the front-to-back structure in that the roller shafts are tilted in opposite directions relative to the bearing's main shaft. In actual installation and commissioning, face-to-face mounted tapered roller bearings are relatively easy to install and disassemble, with low operational difficulty and a simple process. However, for back-to-back mounted tapered roller bearings, their structural layout limits the difficulty of installation and disassembly, especially considering the interference fit between the bearing inner ring and the shaft. This makes disassembly of back-to-back mounted tapered roller bearings even more challenging, significantly hindering the application of traditional clearance adjustment methods. Furthermore, frequent re-measuring of bearing clearance dimensional requires frequent disassembly and reassembly of the upper bearing and its spacer, significantly increasing the workload for operators. The entire process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient. Consequently, frequent disassembly and reassembly of the upper bearing can also lead to non-working wear, negatively impacting subsequent normal operation and use.

[0006] Therefore, optimizing the clearance adjustment method during the installation of tapered roller bearings, avoiding frequent disassembly and assembly of bearings and the resulting structural damage, and ensuring the reliable installation and stable operation of tapered roller bearings are important technical problems that need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for installing and adjusting tapered roller bearings. This method optimizes the clearance adjustment during the installation process, avoids frequent disassembly and assembly of the bearing and the resulting structural damage, and ensures reliable installation and stable operation of the tapered roller bearing.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for installing and adjusting tapered roller bearings, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Initial data calibration: Place the bearing horizontally and use measuring tools to measure the initial height difference H between the inner and outer rings of the bearing;

[0010] In one data measurement, the inner ring of the bearing is aligned and fitted onto the journal of the shaft, and the height difference H1 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing is measured at room temperature.

[0011] Secondary data measurement involves aligning the outer ring of the bearing and installing it into the bearing housing, and measuring the height difference H2 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing at room temperature.

[0012] Based on the following formulas, the deformation coefficients K1 and K2 of the bearing after installation are calculated using a single data calculation.

[0013] K1 = tanα(H1-H) / Δd,

[0014] and

[0015] K2=tanα(H2-H) / ΔD,

[0016] Where α is the cone angle of the bearing outer raceway, K1 is the bearing inner ring installation deformation coefficient, K2 is the bearing outer ring installation deformation coefficient, Δd is the bearing inner ring installation interference, and ΔD is the bearing outer ring installation interference.

[0017] Secondary data calculation: If the two symmetrically fitted bearings have the same model and dimensions, then the required inner spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated according to the following formula ③.

[0018] r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1+Δd2)K1-(ΔD1+ΔD2)K2+γ ③,

[0019] Alternatively, if the two symmetrically fitted bearings have different model dimensions, the required spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated using the following formula ④.

[0020] r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1K) 11 +Δd2K 12 )-(ΔD1K 21 +ΔD2K 22 )+γ ④,

[0021] In formulas ③ and ④, r is the thickness of the inner spacer, R is the measured thickness of the outer spacer, γ is the bearing clearance required by design, h1 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the first bearing in a horizontal position, h2 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the second bearing in a horizontal position, Δd1 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the first bearing, ΔD1 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the first bearing, Δd2 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the second bearing, and ΔD2 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the second bearing; K 11 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the first bearing. 12 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the second bearing. 21 The deformation coefficient, K, is installed on the outer ring of the first bearing. 22 The deformation coefficient is installed on the outer ring of the second bearing;

[0022] Spacer manufacturing involves producing spacers of the corresponding size and specifications based on the spacer thickness dimension r calculated from secondary data.

[0023] Bearing assembly involves aligning and assembling the machined spacers between two symmetrically arranged bearings, thus completing the overall assembly of the bearing.

[0024] Preferably, after the bearing is assembled, the process further includes the following steps:

[0025] Clearance testing involves using measuring tools to check the clearance of the assembled bearing. If the test is satisfactory, the bearing installation is complete. If the test is unsatisfactory, the upper bearing and spacer of the two symmetrically arranged bearings are removed. The thickness of the spacer is then adjusted according to the test data. After the thickness of the spacer is machined, the bearing assembly steps are repeated, and the bearing clearance is checked again using measuring tools until the bearing clearance test results are satisfactory.

[0026] Preferably, if bearings of the same specification are assembled in batches, the assembly of the bearings further includes the following steps:

[0027] For batch trial production, each step from the initial data measurement to the bearing assembly is repeated 3 to 5 times to obtain 3 to 5 sets of trial-assembled bearing data K1 and K2. Then, the average of each K1 data and the average of each K2 data are taken to obtain the corresponding data K for the bearing size of this model. 1均 and K 2均 And K can be used in subsequent calculations. 1均 and K 2均 Simply substitute K1 and K2 into the corresponding formula.

[0028] Preferably, if the bearing outer ring and bearing housing have a clearance fit, the secondary data measurement step is omitted.

[0029] Preferably, in the initial data calibration, if the two symmetrically arranged bearings have the same model and size, then only one bearing needs to be subjected to the first data measurement and the second data measurement in sequence, and a data calculation needs to be performed once to obtain the values ​​of deformation coefficients K1 and K2 required for subsequent formula calculations;

[0030] If two symmetrically arranged bearings have different model sizes, then the first data measurement and the second data measurement are performed on the two bearings respectively, and a data calculation is performed on each bearing to obtain the values ​​of deformation coefficients K1 and K2 required for subsequent formula calculations of the two bearings respectively.

[0031] Compared to the aforementioned background technology, the tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method provided by this invention, through sequential steps such as initial data calibration, primary data measurement, secondary data measurement, primary data calculation, secondary data calculation, spacer machining, and bearing assembly, utilizes the measurement and calculation of the structural dimensions of the bearing itself and its related supporting components such as the shaft and bearing housing. This allows for the accurate calculation of the required spacer thickness for the currently assembled bearing, and the corresponding spacer is then machined accordingly. The machined spacer is then fitted into the corresponding positions between the two bearings to be symmetrically assembled, thus completing the overall assembly of the bearing and its reliable connection to the shaft and bearing housing. The entire operation eliminates the need for frequent disassembly and inspection of the bearing, accurately calculating the matching spacer dimensions and machining the appropriate spacer accordingly. This significantly improves the accuracy of tapered roller bearing clearance calculation and the corresponding spacer fit dimensional precision, while also enhancing the overall assembly accuracy and structural adaptability of the bearing. The assembly and adjustment of bearing components are thus more accurate and efficient. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a typical face-to-face mounted tapered roller bearing in the prior art.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a typical back-to-back mounted tapered roller bearing in the prior art.

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a tapered roller bearing provided for a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the height difference measurement performed by the bearing during the initial data calibration step;

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the height difference measurement performed by the bearing in a single data measurement step;

[0038] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the height difference measurement performed on the intermediate bearing during the secondary data measurement step. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The core of this invention is to provide a method for installing and adjusting tapered roller bearings. This method can optimize the clearance adjustment during the installation process of tapered roller bearings, avoid frequent disassembly and assembly of bearings and the resulting structural damage, and ensure reliable installation and stable operation of tapered roller bearings.

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] Please refer to the reference. Figures 3 to 6 .

[0042] In Embodiment 1, the tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method provided by the present invention includes:

[0043] Step S101, initial data calibration.

[0044] Place the bearing horizontally and use a measuring tool to measure the initial height difference H between the inner and outer rings of the bearing.

[0045] In the initial data calibration of step S101 above, if the two symmetrically arranged bearings have the same model and size, it is only necessary to measure the initial height difference between the inner and outer rings of one of the bearings so as to calculate the installation deformation coefficients of the inner and outer rings of the bearings later; if the two symmetrically arranged bearings have different model and size, the initial height difference between the inner and outer rings of the two bearings is measured separately so as to calculate the installation deformation coefficients of the inner and outer rings of the two bearings separately later.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be noted that for bearings purchased from the market, the initial height difference H between the inner and outer rings of the bearing can be directly obtained or calculated by referring to the relevant parameters recorded in the bearing's factory report.

[0047] Step S102, one data measurement.

[0048] Align and fit the inner ring of the bearing onto the journal of the shaft, and measure the height difference H1 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing at room temperature.

[0049] Step S103, secondary data measurement.

[0050] The outer ring of the bearing is aligned and installed into the bearing housing, and the height difference H2 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing is measured at room temperature.

[0051] Step S104, one data calculation.

[0052] The deformation coefficients K1 and K2 of the bearing after installation are calculated using formulas ① and ② respectively.

[0053] K1=tanα(H1-H) / Δd ①,

[0054] and

[0055] K2=tanα(H2-H) / ΔD ②,

[0056] In formulas ① and ②, α is the cone angle of the outer raceway of the bearing, K1 is the installation deformation coefficient of the inner ring of the bearing, and K2 is the installation deformation coefficient of the outer ring of the bearing.

[0057] Δd is the interference fit of the bearing inner ring, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the bearing.

[0058] ΔD is the interference fit of the bearing outer ring, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the bearing outer ring and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0059] Step S105: Secondary data calculation.

[0060] If the two symmetrically fitted bearings have the same model and dimensions, the required inner spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated according to the following formula ③.

[0061] r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1+Δd2)K1-(ΔD1+ΔD2)K2+γ ③,

[0062] Alternatively, if the two symmetrically fitted bearings have different model dimensions, the required spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated using the following formula ④.

[0063] r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1K) 11 +Δd2K 12 )-(ΔD1K 21 +ΔD2K 22 )+γ ④,

[0064] In formulas ③ and ④, r is the thickness of the inner spacer, R is the measured thickness of the outer spacer, γ is the bearing clearance required by design, h1 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the first bearing when it is placed horizontally, and h2 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the second bearing when it is placed horizontally.

[0065] Δd1 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the first bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the first bearing.

[0066] ΔD1 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the first bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the outer ring of the first bearing and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0067] Δd2 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the second bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the second bearing.

[0068] ΔD2 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the second bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the outer ring of the first bearing and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0069] K 11 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the first bearing. 12 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the second bearing. 21 The deformation coefficient, K, is installed on the outer ring of the first bearing. 22 The deformation coefficient is set for the outer ring of the second bearing.

[0070] It should be noted that, in practical applications, if the bearing outer ring and bearing housing are clearance fit, the secondary data measurement in step S103 can be skipped. That is, after the primary data measurement in step S102 is completed, the next step S104 primary data calculation can be performed. H2 does not need to be measured again, and the corresponding data related to H2, such as K2, does not need to be calculated again. It is only necessary to remove the data calculation content related to H2 from each formula.

[0071] Step S106, spacer ring machining.

[0072] Based on the spacer thickness 'r' calculated from the secondary data, spacers of the corresponding size and specifications are manufactured.

[0073] Step S107, bearing assembly.

[0074] The machined spacer rings are aligned and assembled between two symmetrically arranged bearings to complete the overall assembly of the bearings.

[0075] In Embodiment 2, the tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method provided by the present invention includes:

[0076] Step S201, initial data calibration.

[0077] Place the bearing horizontally and use a measuring tool to measure the initial height difference H between the inner and outer rings of the bearing.

[0078] In the initial data calibration of step S201 above, if the two symmetrically arranged bearings have the same model and size, it is only necessary to measure the initial height difference between the inner and outer rings of one of the bearings so as to calculate the installation deformation coefficients of the inner and outer rings of the bearings later; if the two symmetrically arranged bearings have different model and size, the initial height difference between the inner and outer rings of the two bearings is measured separately so as to calculate the installation deformation coefficients of the inner and outer rings of the two bearings separately later.

[0079] Furthermore, it should be noted that for bearings purchased from the market, the initial height difference H between the inner and outer rings of the bearing can be directly obtained or calculated by referring to the relevant parameters recorded in the bearing's factory report.

[0080] Step S202, one data measurement.

[0081] Align and fit the inner ring of the bearing onto the journal of the shaft, and measure the height difference H1 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing at room temperature.

[0082] Step S203, secondary data measurement.

[0083] The outer ring of the bearing is aligned and installed into the bearing housing, and the height difference H2 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing is measured at room temperature.

[0084] Step S204, one data calculation.

[0085] The deformation coefficients K1 and K2 of the bearing after installation are calculated using formulas ① and ② respectively.

[0086] K1=tanα(H1-H) / Δd ①,

[0087] and

[0088] K2=tanα(H2-H) / ΔD ②,

[0089] In formulas ① and ②, α is the cone angle of the outer raceway of the bearing, K1 is the installation deformation coefficient of the inner ring of the bearing, and K2 is the installation deformation coefficient of the outer ring of the bearing.

[0090] Δd is the interference fit of the bearing inner ring, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the bearing.

[0091] ΔD is the interference fit of the bearing outer ring, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the bearing outer ring and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0092] Step S205, secondary data calculation.

[0093] If the two symmetrically fitted bearings have the same model and dimensions, the required inner spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated according to the following formula ③.

[0094] r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1+Δd2)K1-(ΔD1+ΔD2)K2+γ ③,

[0095] Alternatively, if the two symmetrically fitted bearings have different model dimensions, the required spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated using the following formula ④.

[0096] r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1K) 11 +Δd2K 12 )-(ΔD1K 21 +ΔD2K 22 )+γ ④,

[0097] In formulas ③ and ④, r is the thickness of the inner spacer, R is the measured thickness of the outer spacer, γ is the bearing clearance required by design, h1 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the first bearing when it is placed horizontally, and h2 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the second bearing when it is placed horizontally.

[0098] Δd1 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the first bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the first bearing.

[0099] ΔD1 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the first bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the outer ring of the first bearing and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0100] Δd2 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the second bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the second bearing.

[0101] ΔD2 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the second bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the outer ring of the first bearing and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0102] K 11 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the first bearing. 12 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the second bearing. 21 The deformation coefficient, K, is installed on the outer ring of the first bearing. 22 The deformation coefficient is set for the outer ring of the second bearing.

[0103] It should be noted that, in practical applications, if the bearing outer ring and bearing housing are clearance fit, the secondary data measurement in step S203 can be skipped. That is, after the primary data measurement in step S202 is completed, the next step S204 primary data calculation can be performed. H2 does not need to be measured again, and the corresponding data related to H2, such as K2, does not need to be calculated again. It is only necessary to remove the data calculation content related to H2 from each formula.

[0104] Step S206, spacer machining.

[0105] Based on the spacer thickness 'r' calculated from the secondary data, spacers of the corresponding size and specifications are manufactured.

[0106] Step S207, bearing assembly.

[0107] The machined spacer rings are aligned and assembled between two symmetrically arranged bearings to complete the overall assembly of the bearings.

[0108] Step S208, clearance detection.

[0109] The clearance of the assembled bearing is checked using measuring tools. If the check is qualified, the bearing installation is complete. If the check is unqualified, the upper bearing of the two symmetrically arranged bearings and the spacer are removed. The thickness of the spacer is then adjusted according to the test data. Specifically, if the clearance is too small, the outer spacer is ground; if the clearance is too large, the inner spacer is ground. The grinding amount of each spacer is the deviation between the measured clearance and the required clearance.

[0110] After the thickness of the spacer ring is machined, repeat the assembly steps of the S207 bearing and use measuring tools to check the bearing clearance again until the measurement results of the bearing clearance are qualified.

[0111] In Embodiment 3, the tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method provided by the present invention includes:

[0112] Step S301, initial data calibration.

[0113] Place the bearing horizontally and use a measuring tool to measure the initial height difference H between the inner and outer rings of the bearing.

[0114] In the initial data calibration of step S301 above, if the two symmetrically arranged bearings have the same model and size, it is only necessary to measure the initial height difference between the inner and outer rings of one of the bearings so as to calculate the installation deformation coefficients of the inner and outer rings of the bearings later; if the two symmetrically arranged bearings have different model and size, the initial height difference between the inner and outer rings of the two bearings is measured separately so as to calculate the installation deformation coefficients of the inner and outer rings of the two bearings separately later.

[0115] Furthermore, it should be noted that for bearings purchased from the market, the initial height difference H between the inner and outer rings of the bearing can be directly obtained or calculated by referring to the relevant parameters recorded in the bearing's factory report.

[0116] Step S302, one data measurement.

[0117] Align and fit the inner ring of the bearing onto the journal of the shaft, and measure the height difference H1 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing at room temperature.

[0118] Step S303, secondary data measurement.

[0119] The outer ring of the bearing is aligned and installed into the bearing housing, and the height difference H2 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing is measured at room temperature.

[0120] Step S304, one data calculation.

[0121] The deformation coefficients K1 and K2 of the bearing after installation are calculated using formulas ① and ② respectively.

[0122] K1=tanα(H1-H) / Δd ①,

[0123] and

[0124] K2=tanα(H2-H) / ΔD ②,

[0125] In formulas ① and ②, α is the cone angle of the outer raceway of the bearing, K1 is the installation deformation coefficient of the inner ring of the bearing, and K2 is the installation deformation coefficient of the outer ring of the bearing.

[0126] Δd is the interference fit of the bearing inner ring, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the bearing.

[0127] ΔD is the interference fit of the bearing outer ring, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the bearing outer ring and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0128] Step S305, secondary data calculation.

[0129] If the two symmetrically fitted bearings have the same model and dimensions, the required inner spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated according to the following formula ③.

[0130] r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1+Δd2)K1-(ΔD1+ΔD2)K2+γ ③,

[0131] Alternatively, if the two symmetrically fitted bearings have different model dimensions, the required spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated using the following formula ④.

[0132] r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1K) 11 +Δd2K 12 )-(ΔD1K 21 +ΔD2K 22 )+γ ④,

[0133] In formulas ③ and ④, r is the thickness of the inner spacer, R is the measured thickness of the outer spacer, γ is the bearing clearance required by design, h1 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the first bearing when it is placed horizontally, and h2 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the second bearing when it is placed horizontally.

[0134] Δd1 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the first bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the first bearing.

[0135] ΔD1 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the first bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the outer ring of the first bearing and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0136] Δd2 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the second bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the journal and the inner diameter of the second bearing.

[0137] ΔD2 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the second bearing, which is the difference between the outer diameter of the outer ring of the first bearing and the inner diameter of the bearing housing.

[0138] K 11 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the first bearing. 12 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the second bearing. 21 The deformation coefficient, K, is installed on the outer ring of the first bearing. 22 The deformation coefficient is set for the outer ring of the second bearing.

[0139] It should be noted that, in practical applications, if the bearing outer ring and bearing housing have a clearance fit, the secondary data measurement in step S303 can be skipped. That is, after the primary data measurement in step S302 is completed, the next step S304 primary data calculation can be performed. H2 does not need to be measured again, and the corresponding data related to H2, such as K2, does not need to be calculated again. It is only necessary to remove the data calculation content related to H2 from each formula.

[0140] Step S306, spacer machining.

[0141] Based on the spacer thickness 'r' calculated from the secondary data, spacers of the corresponding size and specifications are manufactured.

[0142] Step S307, bearing assembly.

[0143] The machined spacer rings are aligned and assembled between two symmetrically arranged bearings to complete the overall assembly of the bearings.

[0144] Step S308: Batch trial production.

[0145] If bearings of the same specification are to be assembled in batches, each step from the initial measurement of data S302 to the assembly of bearing S307 is repeated 3 to 5 times to obtain 3 to 5 sets of trial-assembled bearing data K1 and K2. Then, the average of each K1 data and the average of each K2 data are taken to obtain the corresponding data K for the bearing size of that model. 1均 and K 2均 And K can be used in subsequent calculations. 1均 and K 2均Simply substitute K1 and K2 into the corresponding formula.

[0146] After the S308 batch trial production is completed, spacers can be mass-produced according to the revised machining dimensions, and these spacers can be used to fit and assemble with each bearing to complete the batch installation between each bearing and the corresponding shaft and bearing housing.

[0147] refer to Figures 3 to 6 As shown, in actual operation, referring to the conventional assembly process of tapered roller bearings in the prior art, the spacers typically include an outer spacer 131 and an inner spacer 132 arranged radially from the outside to the inside. With the spacer widths properly ground, the heated inner ring 111 of the lower bearing is first fitted onto the shaft journal 101, followed by the outer ring 112 of the lower bearing, then the inner spacer 132 and outer spacer 131, and finally the outer ring 121 of the upper bearing and the heated inner ring 122. The bearing is then initially assembled. The upper part of the bearing is clamped with tooling. After the bearing and shaft cool to room temperature, the bearing assembly is checked. The bearing and shaft assembly is then installed into the heated bearing housing 102. After the parts cool to room temperature, the bearing clearance is checked and found to be within acceptable limits, thus completing the bearing clearance adjustment and assembly process.

[0148] Generally, the upper bearing shown in the figure corresponds to the first bearing mentioned earlier, and the lower bearing shown in the figure corresponds to the second bearing mentioned earlier; alternatively, the lower bearing shown in the figure corresponds to the first bearing mentioned earlier, and the upper bearing shown in the figure corresponds to the second bearing mentioned earlier. In short, the bearing arrangement and relative positions of the components shown in the figure are only for illustrative purposes and to aid in understanding the scheme. In actual applications, the specific bearing arrangement can be adjusted and changed according to different working conditions and application requirements, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0149] In summary, the tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method provided in this invention, through sequential steps including initial data calibration, primary data measurement, secondary data measurement, primary data calculation, secondary data calculation, spacer machining, and bearing assembly, utilizes the measurement and calculation of the structural dimensions of the bearing itself and its related components such as the shaft and bearing housing. This allows for the accurate calculation of the required spacer thickness for the currently assembled bearing, and the corresponding spacer is then machined accordingly. The machined spacer is then fitted into the corresponding positions between the two bearings to be symmetrically assembled, thus completing the overall assembly of the bearing and its reliable connection to the shaft and bearing housing. The entire operation eliminates the need for frequent disassembly and inspection of the bearing, accurately calculating the spacer dimensions and machining the appropriate spacer. This significantly improves the accuracy of tapered roller bearing clearance calculation and the corresponding spacer fit dimensional precision, while also enhancing the overall assembly accuracy and structural adaptability of the bearing. The assembly and adjustment of the bearing components are thus more accurate and efficient.

[0150] The tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method provided by this invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing and adjusting tapered roller bearings, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Initial data calibration: Place the bearing horizontally and use measuring tools to measure the initial height difference H between the inner and outer rings of the bearing; In one data measurement, the inner ring of the bearing is aligned and fitted onto the journal of the shaft, and the height difference H1 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing is measured at room temperature. Secondary data measurement involves aligning the outer ring of the bearing and installing it into the bearing housing, and measuring the height difference H2 between the inner and outer rings of the bearing at room temperature. Based on a single data calculation, the deformation coefficients K1 and K2 of the bearing after installation are calculated using formulas ① and ② respectively. K1=tanα(H1-H) / Δd ①, and K2=tanα(H2-H) / ΔD ②, In formulas ① and ②, α is the cone angle of the bearing outer raceway, K1 is the bearing inner ring installation deformation coefficient, K2 is the bearing outer ring installation deformation coefficient, Δd is the bearing inner ring installation interference, and ΔD is the bearing outer ring installation interference. Secondary data calculation: If the two symmetrically fitted bearings have the same model and dimensions, then the required inner spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated according to the following formula ③. r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1+Δd2)K1-(ΔD1+ΔD2)K2+γ ③, Alternatively, if the two symmetrically fitted bearings have different model dimensions, the required spacer thickness r for the matching installation of the two symmetrically arranged bearings can be calculated using the following formula ④. r=R+h1+h2-(Δd1K 11 +Δd2K 12 )-(ΔD1k 21 +ΔD2k 22 )+γ ④, In formulas ③ and ④, r is the thickness of the inner spacer, R is the measured thickness of the outer spacer, γ is the bearing clearance required by design, h1 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the first bearing in a horizontal position, h2 is the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the second bearing in a horizontal position, Δd1 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the first bearing, ΔD1 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the first bearing, Δd2 is the interference fit of the inner ring of the second bearing, and ΔD2 is the interference fit of the outer ring of the second bearing; K 11 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the first bearing. 12 K is the deformation coefficient for the inner ring of the second bearing. 21 The deformation coefficient, K, is installed on the outer ring of the first bearing. 22 The deformation coefficient is installed on the outer ring of the second bearing; Spacer manufacturing involves producing spacers of the corresponding size and specifications based on the spacer thickness dimension r calculated from secondary data. Bearing assembly involves aligning and assembling the machined spacers between two symmetrically arranged bearings, thus completing the overall assembly of the bearing.

2. The tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the bearing is assembled, the following steps are also included: Clearance testing involves using measuring tools to check the clearance of the assembled bearing. If the test is satisfactory, the bearing installation is complete. If the test is unsatisfactory, the upper bearing and spacer of the two symmetrically arranged bearings are removed. The thickness of the spacer is then adjusted according to the test data. After the thickness of the spacer is machined, the bearing assembly steps are repeated, and the bearing clearance is checked again using measuring tools until the bearing clearance test results are satisfactory.

3. The tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, If bearings of the same specifications are assembled in batches, the assembly process further includes the following steps: For batch trial production, each step from the initial data measurement to the initial data calculation is repeated 3 to 5 times to obtain 3 to 5 sets of trial-assembled bearing data K1 and K2. Then, the average of each K1 data and the average of each K2 data are taken to obtain the corresponding data K for the bearing size of this model. 1均 and K 2均 And K can be used in subsequent calculations. 1均 and K 2均 Simply substitute K1 and K2 into the corresponding formula.

4. The tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, If the bearing outer ring and bearing housing have a clearance fit, the secondary data measurement step can be omitted.

5. The tapered roller bearing installation and adjustment method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the initial data calibration, if the two symmetrically arranged bearings have the same model and size, then only one bearing needs to be measured once and measured twice in sequence, and a data calculation needs to be performed once to obtain the values ​​of deformation coefficients K1 and K2 required for subsequent formula calculations. If two symmetrically arranged bearings have different model sizes, then the first data measurement and the second data measurement are performed on the two bearings respectively, and a data calculation is performed on each bearing to obtain the values ​​of deformation coefficients K1 and K2 required for subsequent formula calculations of the two bearings respectively.

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