A moisture-retaining and moisture-preventing device for desert planting and its construction method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of desertification control technology, specifically relating to a moisture-retaining and drought-preventing device for desert planting. The device includes an outer shell, a base plate at the bottom of the outer shell, and a cultivation body inside the outer shell. The cultivation body comprises, from bottom to top, an absorbent layer, a modifier layer, and an anti-evaporation layer. The outer shell is sealed, and the base plate has several holes for plant roots to pass through. The absorbent layer is made of porous material. The modifier layer consists of desert soil, loess, and organic fertilizer from the treatment site. The anti-evaporation layer uses a permeable covering material. This invention not only provides nutrients for plant growth but also effectively reduces water evaporation and inhibits water loss, helping to prevent further desertification. This invention also provides a construction method for using the moisture-retaining and drought-preventing device for desert planting described above, which can effectively reduce water evaporation and loss, and improve the survival rate of transplanted plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of desert control technology, specifically relating to a moisture-retaining and drought-preventing device for desert planting and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Desert regions cover a vast area of ​​the Earth's surface. Their arid climate, infertile soil, and high temperatures and low rainfall make them ecologically fragile and water-scarce areas. Windbreak and sand fixation are common ecological construction activities in arid and semi-arid regions, aiming to protect water and soil resources, mitigate the environmental impact of sandstorms, and effectively curb the spread of desertification.

[0003] Traditional desertification control methods include afforestation, which introduces drought-resistant plants to improve soil quality, reduce soil erosion, and provide windbreak and sand-fixing effects. Common methods include the straw checkerboard method and chemical solidification technology. The straw checkerboard method involves marking small squares on the soil surface and planting herbaceous plants to improve soil structure and provide wind and sand control. Chemical solidification technology uses chemicals to improve the physical properties of the soil, thereby mitigating wind and sand erosion. However, the straw checkerboard method requires manual rolling, laying, and maintenance, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and has a high overall cost. Chemical solidification agents are expensive and require precise mixing with desert soil during application. The chemical components introduced by chemical solidification agents may also pose new ecological risks. Furthermore, due to the effects of wind erosion or ultraviolet radiation, the sand-fixing effect of chemical sand-fixing agents is usually not permanent, requiring regular maintenance and replenishment, resulting in relatively high management and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a moisture-retaining and drought-preventing device for desert planting and its construction method, which can improve the survival rate of plants and improve the desert soil texture.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A moisture-retaining and drought-preventing device for desert planting includes an outer shell, a base plate at the bottom of the outer shell, and a cultivation body inside the outer shell. The cultivation body comprises, from bottom to top, an absorbent layer, a modification layer, and an anti-evaporation layer. The outer shell is sealed on all sides, and the base plate has several holes for plant roots to pass through. The absorbent layer is made of a porous material. The modification layer consists of desert soil, loess, and organic fertilizer from the treatment site. The anti-evaporation layer uses a permeable covering material. The outer shell provides a stable space for plant growth, and the cultivation body provides water and nutrients for plant growth and development, improving the survival rate of plants grown in the desert. Transplanted plants are planted in the modification layer, initially growing in the modification layer, with roots gradually extending to the absorbent layer and eventually penetrating it to enter the desert at the bottom of the outer shell base plate. The sealed outer shell prevents water loss from the sides, reducing the frequency and amount of watering.

[0007] Furthermore, the components in the improved layer are, by weight, 50-75 parts desert soil, 25-50 parts loess, and 0.1-5 parts organic fertilizer.

[0008] Furthermore, the thickness of the absorbent layer ranges from 15cm to 30cm, the thickness of the modified layer ranges from 30cm to 60cm, and the thickness of the anti-evaporation layer ranges from 5cm to 15cm.

[0009] Furthermore, the anti-evaporation layer includes a crop straw fragment layer, and the crop straw can be wheat straw, corn straw, or rapeseed straw.

[0010] Furthermore, the anti-evaporation layer also includes a biodegradable film laid on the surface of the crop straw layer, the biodegradable film having pre-drilled holes for plants to drill through.

[0011] Furthermore, the height of the culture body is less than the height of the outer shell, and the height difference between the top surface of the culture body and the upper edge of the outer shell is 5cm to 30cm. After burying this device in the desert, the in-situ desert soil can be filled into the reserved space at the top of the outer shell.

[0012] Furthermore, the base plate includes a steel frame that matches the outer shell and a steel mesh set on the steel frame. The mesh size of the steel mesh is between 1cm and 10cm. The mesh size of the steel mesh is adjusted according to the thickness of the main root of the plant, so that the root can freely pass through the base plate of the outer shell.

[0013] This invention also proposes a construction method for a moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting. Using the moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting as described above, the construction method includes the following steps:

[0014] S1: Bury the moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting in the desert area to be treated; transplant plants into the improved layer;

[0015] S2: Fill the surface of the culture medium inside the shell with in-situ desert soil so that the in-situ desert soil is flush with the desert ground.

[0016] S3: The sand-fixing agent sprayed on the top surface of the moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device planted in the desert forms a sand-fixing layer. The volume of the sand-fixing agent sprayed is equal to the void volume of the in-situ desert soil filling the shell. The concentration and amount of the sand-fixing agent are determined through indoor experiments.

[0017] S4: Water and maintain the plants regularly according to their growth status.

[0018] Furthermore, in S1, the moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing devices for desert planting are arranged in a plum blossom pattern, and the distance between two adjacent moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing devices for desert planting is 1 to 3 times the width of the outer shell.

[0019] Furthermore, in S3, the sand-fixing agent is sprayed within the outer shell, and the spraying volume of the sand-fixing agent is the void volume of the in-situ desert soil to be filled, which can prevent the sand-fixing agent from seeping into the anti-evaporation layer; the transplanted plants are plant varieties adapted to the local desert ecosystem.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0021] This invention constructs a multi-layered cultivation system that integrates an improvement layer, an anti-evaporation layer, and a water-absorbing layer. This system not only provides nutrients for plant growth but also effectively reduces water evaporation and inhibits water loss, thus helping to prevent the further expansion of desertification.

[0022] The improved layer of this invention improves the soil's nutrient content and water retention by mixing loess, desert soil, and organic fertilizer. Loess is also low in cost and widely available.

[0023] In the construction method of the present invention, when backfilling the sand-fixing device, the original desert soil is covered on its surface and sand is fixed, which can reduce the damage to the surface soil of the sand-fixing device system.

[0024] The construction method of the present invention is simple in process, has wide applicability, can realize large-scale, mechanized construction, reduces labor costs, and has a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. Wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the base plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the method of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram, 1. Outer shell; 2. Cultivation body; 3. Base plate; 31. Steel frame; 32. Reinforcing mesh; 4. Water-absorbing layer; 5. Improvement layer; 6. Anti-evaporation layer; 7. Card slot; 8. Biodegradable film; 9. Planting pit; 10. Sand-fixing device; 11. In-situ desert soil; 12. Sand-fixing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "connected" and "linked" used in this invention should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through intermediate components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, a moisture-retaining and drought-preventing device for desert planting includes an outer shell 1, a base plate 3 disposed at the bottom of the outer shell 1, and a cultivation body 2 disposed inside the outer shell 1. The cultivation body 2 includes a water-absorbing layer 4, a conditioning layer 5, and an anti-evaporation layer 6 laid sequentially from bottom to top. The outer shell 1 is sealed on its periphery, and the base plate 3 has several holes for plant roots to pass through. The outer shell 1 provides a stable space for plant growth, prevents water loss from the sides, reduces the frequency and amount of watering, and encourages the plant roots to grow downwards first. Long-term rooting; the cultivation body 2 can provide water and nutrients for plant growth and development, improving the survival rate of plants planted in the desert; plants can be transplanted into the improvement layer 5. The plants initially grow in the improvement layer 5, and the downward-growing roots gradually extend to the water absorption layer 4, eventually penetrating the water absorption layer 4 and entering the desert below the bottom plate 3 of the outer shell 1. Only then can the roots that have penetrated the holes in the bottom plate 3 grow laterally over a large area; the plants used are plant species adapted to the local desert ecosystem, such as Artemisia argyi, Salix psammophila, Tamarix chinensis, Caragana korshinskii, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Caragana sinica;

[0035] The improved layer 5 consists of desert soil, loess, and organic fertilizer from the treatment site. The improved layer 5 is mainly used to improve the texture of desert soil, increase water retention, and provide nutrients for plant growth. The components of the improved layer 5 are, by weight: 50-75 parts desert soil, 25-50 parts loess, and 0.1-5 parts organic fertilizer. Loess is inexpensive and readily available, and rich in clay minerals, which can increase soil viscosity and nutrients. In wind-eroded desertified areas, sand particles account for more than 75% of the soil. Increasing the content of silt or clay particles, such as loess, can optimize soil structure. Appropriate addition of organic fertilizer can also improve soil fertility. Other clay soils can also be used instead of loess.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the water-absorbing layer 4 is located at the bottom of the cultivation body 2. Its function is to absorb and store water and ensure that it is available for plant roots to absorb. The water-absorbing layer 4 is usually made of porous materials, such as highly absorbent sponges or perlite, which can efficiently absorb and store water to meet the growth needs of plants.

[0037] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the thickness of the absorbent layer 4 ranges from 15cm to 30cm, which ensures sufficient water retention without occupying excessive vertical space. The thickness of the improvement layer 5 ranges from 30cm to 60cm, providing sufficient soil depth for plant growth without being overly thick, thus reducing construction difficulty. The thickness of the anti-evaporation layer 6 ranges from 5cm to 15cm, maintaining good soil aeration while reducing the rate of water evaporation.

[0038] Furthermore, the anti-evaporation layer 6 is made of a permeable covering material, such as a crop straw debris layer composed of crop straw as raw material. The crop straw can be wheat straw, corn straw, rapeseed straw, etc. The anti-evaporation layer 6 is used to reduce water evaporation and help maintain soil moisture. When the crop straw debris decomposes, it can also release organic matter into the soil, thereby improving the texture and nutrient content of desert soil.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the anti-evaporation layer 6 also includes a biodegradable film 8 laid on the surface of the crop straw layer. The biodegradable film 8 has reserved holes for plants to drill through, and the biodegradable film 8 preferably has a degradation time of more than one year. The anti-evaporation layer 6 is composed of a biodegradable film 8 covering the crop straw layer, which reduces water evaporation and avoids pollution to the desert.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the height of the cultivation body 2 is less than the height of the outer shell 1, and the height difference between the top surface of the cultivation body 2 and the upper edge of the outer shell 1 is 5cm to 10cm, thus forming a reserved space in the upper part of the outer shell 1. In use, the entire device is first buried in the desert, with the upper edge of the outer shell 1 lower than the desert surface. Then, the reserved space is filled with in-situ desert soil 11 and sand-fixing agent is sprayed. Plants can be planted in the improvement layer 5 beforehand or after the device is buried in the desert and then plants are planted in the improvement layer 5.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the absorbent layer 4 is 20cm, the thickness of the modified layer 5 is 40cm, the thickness of the anti-evaporation layer 6 is 10cm, and the height difference between the top surface of the culture body 2 and the upper edge of the outer shell 1 is 5cm.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the outer shell 1 is a rectangular or cylindrical tube made of stainless steel. The thickness of the outer shell 1 is between 0.5mm and 2cm. The outer shell 1 mainly serves to enclose the cultivation body 2. The bottom of the outer shell 1 is provided with a groove 7 that protrudes inward to hold the base plate 3. The diameter or side length of the outer shell 1 is adjusted according to the size of the plant root system. The base plate 3 includes a steel frame 31 that matches the outer shell 1 and a steel mesh 32 set on the steel frame 31. The steel frame 31 includes an outer frame that matches the shape of the outer shell 1 and a cross-shaped or rhomboid / rectangular inner frame fixed inside the outer frame. The steel frame 31 mainly serves to support the cultivation body 2. Figures 1 to 4The rectangular outer shell 1 is used as an example for illustrative purposes. The mesh size of the steel mesh 32 is between 1cm and 10cm. The mesh size of the steel mesh 32 is adjusted according to the thickness of the main root of the plant, allowing the roots to pass freely through the base plate 3. The mesh size of the steel mesh 32 should be larger than the average diameter of the main root of the plant. At the same time, the material of the water-absorbing layer 4 will not fall through the steel mesh 32. Taking Artemisia argyi as an example, Artemisia argyi is a semi-shrub that branches from the base. It has a well-developed and thick root system, with roots reaching 1cm to 2cm in diameter. Therefore, the mesh size of the corresponding steel mesh 32 should be at least 2*2cm. The water-absorbing layer 4 is preferably made of horticultural materials. Large-particle perlite will not leak through the reinforcing mesh 32. If perlite with a particle size smaller than the mesh size of the reinforcing mesh 32 is used, a layer of biodegradable sponge board or planting bag cloth needs to be placed at the bottom of the absorbent layer 4 to prevent the perlite from passing through the reinforcing mesh 32, and then the perlite is laid on top of it. Biodegradable foamed sponge board or planting bag cloth can be used in the existing technology. The sponge board should be soft and thin so that the roots of the plants can easily penetrate it, or multiple slits can be formed by pre-piercing the sponge board. The planting bag cloth can be one layer or directly one planting bag (i.e., two layers of planting bag cloth) placed on the reinforcing mesh 32.

[0043] The sand-fixing device 10 of the present invention constructs a multi-layered cultivation body 2 consisting of an improvement layer 5, an anti-evaporation layer 6, and a water-absorbing layer 4. This not only provides nutrients for plant growth but also effectively reduces water evaporation and inhibits water loss, helping to prevent the further expansion of desertification. The improvement layer 5 of the present invention improves the soil's nutrient content and water retention by mixing loess, desert soil, and organic fertilizer. Loess is also low in cost and widely available. The anti-evaporation layer 6 and the biodegradable film 8 reduce water evaporation while also improving the texture of desert soil.

[0044] This invention also proposes a construction method for a moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting. Using the aforementioned moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting, the construction method includes the following steps:

[0045] S1: The moisture-retaining and moisture-proof device for desert planting is buried in the desert area to be treated; the transplanted plants are planted in the improvement layer 5; the plants initially grow in the improvement layer 5, and as the plants grow, their roots gradually extend to the water-absorbing layer 4, and finally pass through the water-absorbing layer 4 into the desert under the bottom plate 3 of the outer shell 1.

[0046] S2: Fill the in-situ desert soil 11 into the surface of the culture medium 2 inside the outer shell 1, so that the filled in-situ desert soil 11 is flush with the desert ground.

[0047] S3: The sand-fixing agent sprayed on the top surface of the moisture-retaining and anti-drying device planted in the desert forms a sand-fixing layer 12. The volume of the sand-fixing agent sprayed is equal to the void volume of the in-situ desert soil 11 filled inside the outer shell 1, to prevent the sand-fixing agent from seeping into the anti-evaporation layer. The concentration and amount of the sand-fixing agent are determined through indoor experiments.

[0048] S4: Water and maintain the plants regularly according to their growth status.

[0049] The moisture-retaining and drought-preventing devices for desert planting are simply referred to as sand-fixing devices 10, such as... Figure 3 As shown, when burying the sand-fixing device 10, the area to be treated in the desert is first divided, and a planting pit 9 the size of the outer shell 1 is dug out (planting pit excavation). Then, the sand-fixing device 10 is placed in the planting pit 9. After filling the reserved space at the top of the outer shell 1 with in-situ desert soil 11, the gap between the outer shell 1 and the edge of the planting pit 9 is also filled with in-situ desert soil 11 to make the sand-fixing device firmly buried (device placement and backfilling). Finally, the sand-fixing agent sprayed on the top surface of the sand-fixing device forms a sand-fixing layer 12 (surface soil covering reinforcement).

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the sand-fixing device 10 is arranged in a quincunx pattern. Considering the cost of sand fixation, the spacing between two adjacent sand-fixing devices 10 is 1 to 3 times the width of the outer shell 1. The root system of desert plants is strong and well-developed. In the early stage of plant growth, the plant takes root in the improvement layer 5, passes through the water absorption layer 4 and through the steel mesh 32. The root system can attach to the steel mesh 32 and connect the plant with the device, effectively preventing the plant from being blown down or away by the wind and sand. It can stabilize the plant body and prevent it from being blown down by the wind and sand. In the middle and late stages of plant growth, since the depth and range of the desert plant root system have expanded at least several times, setting the spacing of the sand-fixing device at 1 to 3 times is conducive to the root system of the plant intertwining and jointly fixing the plant in the desert.

[0051] Furthermore, the concentration of the sand-fixing agent should not affect plant growth, and the concentration of the sand-fixing agent should be determined through indoor growth experiments; the spraying range of the sand-fixing agent is within the outer shell 1 to reduce the application cost of the sand-fixing agent; the spraying volume of the sand-fixing agent is the void volume of the in-situ desert soil 11 filled in, and the sand-fixing agent is only filled in the voids of the in-situ desert soil 11 filled at the top of the outer shell 1 to prevent the sand-fixing agent from penetrating into the anti-evaporation layer 6; the sand-fixing agent can be a microbial slurry, such as EICP or MICP slurry.

[0052] Furthermore, the transplanted plants are plant species adapted to the local desert ecosystem, such as Artemisia argyi, Salix psammophila, Tamarix chinensis, Caragana korshinskii, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Caragana sinica.

[0053] In the construction method of the present invention, when backfilling the sand-fixing device 10, the in-situ desert soil 11 is covered on its surface and sand is fixed, which can reduce the damage to the surface soil of the sand-fixing device 10 system. The construction method of the present invention is simple in process, has wide applicability, can realize large-scale, mechanized construction, reduce labor costs, and has a wide range of applications.

[0054] It is understood that the above description is merely exemplary and the embodiments of this application are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting, characterized in that: The device includes an outer shell (1), a base plate (3) disposed at the bottom of the outer shell (1), and a cultivation body (2) disposed inside the outer shell (1). The cultivation body (2) includes a water-absorbing layer (4), a modification layer (5), and an anti-evaporation layer (6) laid from bottom to top. The outer shell (1) is closed on its periphery and is a rectangular or cylindrical shell. The base plate (3) has several holes through which plant roots can pass. The absorbent layer (4) is made of large-particle perlite; the improved layer (5) is composed of desert soil, loess and organic fertilizer from the treatment site; the anti-evaporation layer (6) is made of permeable covering material. When in use, the moisture-retaining and anti-drying device for desert planting is buried in the desert as a whole, with the upper edge of the outer shell (1) lower than the desert surface.

2. The moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components in the improved layer (5) are as follows by weight: 50-75 parts desert soil, 25-50 parts loess, and 0.1-5 parts organic fertilizer.

3. The moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the absorbent layer (4) ranges from 15cm to 30cm, the thickness of the modified layer (5) ranges from 30cm to 60cm, and the thickness of the anti-evaporation layer (6) ranges from 5cm to 15cm.

4. The moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-evaporation layer (6) includes a crop straw layer.

5. The moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-evaporation layer (6) also includes a biodegradable film (8) laid on the surface of the crop straw layer, and the biodegradable film (8) has reserved holes for plants to drill through.

6. The moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the culture body (2) is less than the height of the outer shell (1), and the height difference between the top surface of the culture body (2) and the upper edge of the outer shell (1) is 5cm to 30cm.

7. The moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate (3) includes a steel frame (31) that matches the outer shell (1) and a steel mesh (32) set on the steel frame (31). The mesh size of the steel mesh (32) is between 1cm and 10cm, and the mesh size of the steel mesh (32) is adjusted according to the thickness of the main root of the plant.

8. A construction method for a moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting, characterized in that: The method for constructing the moisture-retaining and drought-preventing device for desert planting as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 includes the following steps: S1: Bury the moisture-retaining and anti-drying device for desert planting in the desert area to be treated; transplant plants in the improved layer (5); S2: Fill the surface of the culture medium (2) inside the outer shell (1) with in-situ desert soil (11) so that the filled in-situ desert soil (11) is flush with the desert ground; S3: The sand-fixing agent sprayed on the top surface of the moisture-retaining and anti-drying device planted in the desert forms a sand-fixing layer (12). The volume of the sand-fixing agent sprayed is equal to the void volume of the in-situ desert soil filling the outer shell (1). The concentration and amount of the sand-fixing agent are determined by indoor experiments. S4: Water and maintain the plants regularly according to their growth status.

9. The construction method of the moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S1, the moisture-retaining and anti-drying device for desert planting is arranged in a plum blossom pattern, and the distance between two adjacent moisture-retaining and anti-drying devices for desert planting is 1 to 3 times the width of the outer shell (1).

10. The construction method of the moisture-retaining and desiccation-preventing device for desert planting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sand-fixing agent in S3 is sprayed within the outer shell (1); the transplanted plants are plant varieties adapted to the local desert ecosystem.

Images