Root protection type nursery stock transplanting and planting method for mountain afforestation

Abstract

The invention discloses a root system protection type nursery stock transplanting planting method for mountain afforestation, which comprises the following steps: dual-dimensional preparation before planting: aiming at a target afforestation area comprising a rock bare area and a gully region, digging a probe pit to mark a rock distribution map and a gully cascade planning map, and collecting 0-20cm surface soil of the afforestation area; separating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria from root systems of healthy prophylactic plants in the region, and propagating to prepare a local strain agent suitable for corresponding terrains; the method comprises the following steps: preparing a matrix in three groups according to the gradient ratio of native garden soil to native soil of an afforestation land, adding the native strain agent into each group of matrix, digging a probe pit to mark a rock distribution map and a gully cascade planning map aiming at a target afforestation area comprising a rock bare area and a gully region, and collecting 0-20cm surface soil of the afforestation land; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are separated from root systems of healthy prophylactic plants in a region, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are propagated to prepare a local strain agent suitable for corresponding terrains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular relates to a root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] Afforestation in mountainous areas is an important means of ecological restoration and land greening. Existing technologies mainly revolve around the basic process of seedling planting: First, a basic survey of the afforestation area is usually conducted to mark unsuitable planting areas such as large rocks and deep gullies; in terms of seedling selection, one-year-old or two-year-old seedlings cultivated in native nurseries are mostly used, and a certain amount of the original soil ball is retained when lifting the seedlings to reduce root damage; in the planting stage, planting holes with a depth of 25-30cm are dug. In some cases, a small amount of decomposed organic fertilizer or chopped straw is laid at the bottom of the hole for simple soil improvement. Backfilling is mainly done with the topsoil of the afforestation site, and watering with rooting agent is done after planting; later maintenance mainly involves regular watering and weeding. Simple earthen embankments are built in gully areas to reduce soil erosion, and straw is covered for basic insulation in low-temperature areas. The overall technical system focuses on the basic survival needs of seedlings and can achieve basic afforestation effects in conventional mountainous environments.

[0003] While existing technologies can meet the basic needs of afforestation in mountainous areas, they have significant limitations: First, there is a lack of root adaptation cultivation measures. Seedlings are directly transferred from the original nursery to the afforestation site without undergoing gradient acclimatization to adapt to the soil environment or introducing native symbiotic fungi. Roots are prone to stress responses due to soil differences, resulting in slow new root germination and weak absorption capacity. Second, terrain adaptability is insufficient. In rocky areas, simply avoiding rocks is not sufficient; root guidance and isolation structures are not designed. In gully areas, only uniform-sized earthen embankments are constructed; graded planting schemes are not designed according to slope and seedling root type, making it difficult to cope with complex mountainous terrain. Third... The soil improvement effect is limited, relying solely on the addition of organic fertilizer without combining it with microbial agents to enhance soil activity, thus failing to form a long-term virtuous cycle, and the problems of soil infertility and compaction are prone to recurrence; fourth, the stress resistance and maintenance system is imperfect, lacking precise protection measures against drought and low temperature, and there are no dynamic monitoring indicators such as root system microbial network coverage and microbial inoculum, making it difficult to adjust maintenance strategies in a timely manner; fifth, the technology is highly fragmented, with a lack of unified standards for treatment methods for different terrains, and the operating parameters are not clearly defined, making it difficult to promote and apply on a large scale and meet the high-quality needs of diverse mountain afforestation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a root-protected seedling transplanting method for mountain afforestation, which solves the problems of poor root adaptability, insufficient terrain adaptation and limited soil improvement effect in the prior art mountain afforestation technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Two-dimensional preparation before planting: For the target afforestation area, which includes rocky bare areas and gully areas, excavate test pits to mark the rock distribution map and gully terrace planning map, and collect the top 0-20 cm of soil from the afforestation site; isolate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the roots of healthy native plants in the area, and propagate them to prepare native inoculants suitable for the corresponding terrain; prepare substrates in 3 groups according to the gradient ratio of native nursery soil and native soil of afforestation site, and add the aforementioned native inoculants to each group of substrates;

[0008] (2) Root symbiosis-gradient acclimatization cultivation: Before transplanting, symbiosis cultivation is initiated. The seedlings are transferred to three groups of gradient acclimatization substrates for step-by-step cultivation. During this period, aging fibrous roots are pruned and the local microbial agent is sprayed. The substrate humidity is controlled at 60% and the temperature at 25℃. Ten days before transplanting, acclimatization is strengthened by spraying the third group of substrates with a mixture of the local microbial agent and naphthaleneacetic acid. Cultivation is carried out until the seedling root system has a 20 cm diameter acclimatization substrate soil ball.

[0009] (3) Multi-terrain graded planting: When planting in rocky areas, dig planting holes 30 cm deep in the root growth zone, insert 2 cm thick bamboo strips into the hole walls to isolate the roots from the rocks, and dig symbiotic guide trenches 15 cm wide and 25 cm deep along the direction of the root growth zone. Fill the trenches with the third group of substrate and microbial nutrients. After planting the seedlings with soil balls, water them with water containing 0.2% naphthaleneacetic acid, with each seedling receiving 5 liters of water. Cover the surface of the guide trenches with 5 cm thick wood chips. When planting in gully areas, plant deep-rooted, medium-rooted, and shallow-rooted seedlings according to the gully terrace plan, and set up protective structures accordingly to control the root depth of seedlings in different terraces.

[0010] (4) Long-term synergistic maintenance: 20 days after planting, the root microbial network coverage rate should be tested, requiring a coverage rate of not less than 30%. The soil microbial inoculum should be tested monthly, requiring the inoculum to remain stable at 10. 5 For seedlings with a CFU / g or higher, observe the condition of the leaves and roots every 15 days. When the roots turn black, dig three 10 cm deep drainage ditches. For rocky areas, water the guide ditch once a week to promote root growth, using 3 liters per seedling. 30 days after planting, extend the guide ditch 10 cm deep and add the third set of substrate. For gully areas, clean the drainage ditch of debris monthly and add 5 cm of topsoil to the terraced embankments every quarter. Apply well-rotted organic fertilizer around the seedlings as needed after planting.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the test pit is excavated in a grid of 5 meters × 5 meters with a depth of 20 centimeters; in the rock distribution map, the root avoidance zone is the area within 10 centimeters around the rock, and the root growth zone is the area without rock and with a soil thickness of not less than 30 centimeters; in the gully terrace planning map, a soil ridge terrace is set every 1.5 meters along the gully slope of 15°-30°, the soil ridge terrace is 30 centimeters high and 50 centimeters wide, and a 20-centimeter-deep water collection ditch is excavated on the inner side of the terrace.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the native microbial agent suitable for the corresponding terrain is adapted to the terrain: the microbial agent used in rocky areas has the characteristic of being tolerant to barren soil, and the microbial agent used in ravine areas has the characteristic of being tolerant to moisture. Both types of microbial agents are obtained from the root systems of native shrubs or trees in the target afforestation area; the concentration of the native microbial agent added to the substrate is 5%.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the proportions and additives of the three groups of gradient acclimatization substrates are as follows:

[0014] Group 1, initial acclimatization stage: Mix native nursery soil and afforestation soil in a 3:1 ratio, and add 3% decomposed straw;

[0015] Group 2, mid-stage of acclimatization: Mix native nursery soil and afforestation soil in a 1:1 ratio, and add 5% humus;

[0016] Group 3, late stage of domestication: native nursery soil and afforestation soil are mixed at a ratio of 1:3. 3% river sand is added to the substrate used in rocky areas, and 2% quicklime is added to the substrate used in gully areas.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the symbiotic cultivation starts 30 days before transplanting, and the cultivation time for each substrate group is 10 days; when the seedlings are transferred to the first substrate group, each seedling is sprayed with 20 ml of the local microbial agent, and when they are transferred to the second substrate group, each seedling is sprayed with an additional 15 ml of the local microbial agent; ventilation is provided for 2 hours every day during the cultivation period; the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid in the naphthaleneacetic acid mixture is 0.1%; when the root system has not formed a microbial network, an additional 5 ml of the local microbial agent is sprayed and the cultivation is extended for 5 days.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the bottom of the planting hole in the rocky area is covered with 5 cm of native soil from the afforestation site; the nutrient agent for the microorganism is a mixture of sucrose and yeast extract, and the amount applied to each plant is 10 grams; the root depth of the seedlings in the lower terrace of the gully area is controlled at 60-80 cm, and the protective structure is a 10 cm thick straw covering; the root depth of the seedlings in the middle terrace is controlled at 40-60 cm, 2% water-retaining cotton is added to the substrate, and the protective structure is a gravel embankment for diverting rainwater; the root depth of the seedlings in the upper terrace is controlled at 20-40 cm, 5% decomposed soybean cake is mixed into the bottom of the hole, and the protective structure is a woven straw mat for reducing surface runoff.

[0019] Preferably, in step (4), drainage ditches are added in the gully area; when there is no rain for 7 consecutive days, 10 cm thick natural pine needles are covered above the roots; the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer applied per plant is: 1 kg in the rock area and 1.5 kg in the gully area; the "timely application" refers to 6 months after planting.

[0020] Preferably, in step (1), after the gradient acclimatization substrate is prepared, the soil pH value is tested and controlled between 6.0 and 7.5. The pH value of the substrate used in rocky areas can be slightly alkaline and controlled between 7.0 and 7.5; the pH value of the substrate used in gully areas can be slightly acidic and controlled between 6.0 and 6.5. In step (2), substrate samples are collected and tested 3 days before the end of acclimatization, and the microbial count is required to be not less than 10. 6 CFU / gram.

[0021] Preferably, in step (4), the maintenance of the rock area guide trench also includes: cleaning the fallen leaves, gravel and other debris in the guide trench once a month. After cleaning, the humidity of the third group of substrate to be added should be adjusted to 60% ± 5% in advance to ensure that it is consistent with the humidity of the original substrate in the guide trench, so as to avoid stimulating the root system due to humidity difference.

[0022] Preferably, when the winter temperature in the target afforestation area is below 5℃, low-temperature protection measures should be taken within 15 days after planting: cover the root system of seedlings in rocky areas with 5 cm thick decomposed straw, and lay breathable non-woven fabric on the outer layer of the straw; wrap the outer side of the terraced soil ridges in gully areas with 5 cm thick heat-insulating film, with the bottom of the heat-insulating film embedded 10 cm into the soil to prevent cold wind from eroding the terraced soil and causing root damage.

[0023] The technical effects and advantages of the root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas according to the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. This invention, through the "gradient acclimatization substrate + native microbial symbiotic cultivation" technology, enables the seedling roots to gradually adapt to the soil environment of the afforestation site before transplanting, avoiding root stress caused by the "large difference between native soil and afforestation site soil" in traditional transplanting; the native microbial species form a symbiotic relationship with the root system, which can not only promote the germination and elongation of new roots, but also enhance the root system's ability to absorb nutrients and water through the microbial network, reducing damage such as root blackening and wilting after transplanting, thus ensuring the survival foundation of seedlings from the source.

[0025] 2. This invention designs differentiated planting schemes for common mountainous areas such as exposed rock and gullies: In rocky areas, "bamboo strip isolation + symbiotic guidance trenches" are used to prevent roots from directly contacting rocks and hindering growth, while guiding roots to extend to suitable areas; In gully areas, "tiered planting + targeted protective structures" are used to achieve a reasonable layout of deep-rooted, medium-rooted, and shallow-rooted seedlings, which not only adapts to the differences in gully slopes, but also reduces the erosion of roots by soil and water during the rainy season, breaking through the limitations of the traditional "single method to deal with all mountainous terrains".

[0026] 3. This invention improves soil quality. The application of native microbial strains can enhance soil microbial activity and promote the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter. The gradient acclimatization of humus, decomposed straw, and decomposed organic fertilizer applied later can gradually improve soil fertility and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and improve the problems of barren and compacted mountain soils. At the same time, the symbiosis between microbial networks and root systems can optimize soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability, and form a virtuous ecological cycle of "seedling growth - soil improvement - microbial proliferation", rather than traditional afforestation that only focuses on seedling survival and ignores the problem of long-term soil degradation.

[0027] 4. This invention enhances the seedlings' tolerance to extreme mountain environments through "targeted protection + dynamic maintenance" technology: heat preservation measures (non-woven fabric, heat preservation film) in low-temperature environments can reduce root frost damage; water-retaining films, pine needle covering, and root-promoting water management in drought environments can maintain soil moisture around the roots; structures such as drainage ditches and gravel embankments during the rainy season can effectively channel rainwater and reduce the risk of soil erosion; regular monitoring of root microbial network coverage and microbial biomass can adjust maintenance measures in a timely manner, avoid abnormal root growth due to environmental changes, and ensure long-term stable growth of seedlings.

[0028] 5. This invention has a clear and standardized operating procedure, requires no special or complex equipment, and covers a variety of mountainous scenarios such as exposed rock areas, gully areas, low-temperature areas, arid areas, and high-altitude areas. It can not only meet the afforestation needs of different mountainous regions, but also facilitate the mastery and execution of technicians. It solves the problem of "fragmented technology and difficulty in large-scale promotion" in traditional mountain afforestation, and provides a replicable technical solution for large-scale mountain ecological restoration and afforestation projects. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas, as proposed in this invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the gradient acclimatization and cultivation process for a root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas, as proposed in this invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This invention presents a multi-terrain graded planting flowchart for a root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] refer to Figure 1-3 This embodiment provides a root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas, specifically for afforestation in typical rocky, bare-rock areas. The specific implementation includes:

[0036] Implementation scenario:

[0037] In a certain mountainous area, the rock exposure rate is 35%, the soil thickness is 20-40cm (the soil around the rocks is thin, and the soil thickness in the rockless area is ≥30cm), the average annual temperature is 8℃, and the annual precipitation is 550mm. The afforestation seedlings are 2-year-old Pinus tabuliformis seedlings (0.8cm in diameter at ground level and 50cm in height).

[0038] Detailed operation steps:

[0039] (1) Two-dimensional preparation before planting:

[0040] Excavation of test pits: Excavate test pits 20cm deep in a 5m×5m grid. Observe and mark the rock distribution pattern through the test pits (root avoidance zone: within 10cm of the rock; root growth zone: no rocks and soil thickness ≥30cm). At the same time, collect topsoil from the 0-20cm layer of the afforestation site (remove stones with a diameter >5mm).

[0041] Inoculum preparation: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were isolated from the roots of healthy local Liaodong oak trees and propagated in a 25℃ constant temperature incubator for 7 days to prepare a native inoculum tolerant to poor soil conditions (effective viable count 10). 8 (CFU / mL), for later use;

[0042] Gradient acclimatization matrix preparation:

[0043] Group 1 (initial acclimatization stage): native nursery soil: native afforestation soil = 3:1, add 3% decomposed corn stalks (stalk length 1-2cm, decomposition degree 85%), and add 5% barren soil tolerant inoculant per 1kg of substrate after mixing;

[0044] Group 2 (mid-acclimatization): native nursery soil: native afforestation soil = 1:1, with 5% humus (humic acid content 42%) added, and 5% barren soil tolerant inoculant added per 1 kg of substrate;

[0045] Group 3 (late stage of acclimatization): native nursery soil: native soil of afforestation site = 1:3, with 3% river sand (particle size of river sand 0.2-0.5mm) added, and 5% barren soil tolerant inoculum added per 1kg of substrate;

[0046] After preparation, the pH values ​​of the three matrices were tested, and all were controlled within the range of 7.0-7.5 (meeting the alkaline requirements of the rocky area).

[0047] (2) Root symbiosis-gradient domestication cultivation:

[0048] Start symbiotic cultivation 30 days before transplanting: Remove the Pinus tabuliformis seedlings from the original nursery (keeping the complete root system), transfer them to the first group of substrate, spray each seedling root system with 20mL of barren soil tolerant inoculum, place them in a 25℃ greenhouse for cultivation, maintain the substrate humidity at 60% (controlled by spraying water), ventilate for 2 hours every day from 9:00 to 11:00, and cultivate for 10 days;

[0049] On the 10th day, prune the old fibrous roots of the seedlings (only keep the white new roots, and the amount of pruning should not exceed 1 / 5 of the total root volume), transfer them to the second group of substrate, spray each plant with 15mL of barren soil tolerant inoculant, and continue to cultivate them for 10 days under the above temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions.

[0050] Ten days before transplanting (i.e., the 21st day of acclimatization), the seedlings were transferred to the third group of substrates and sprayed with a mixture of 10 mL / plant of barren-tolerant inoculum agent and 0.1% naphthaleneacetic acid. The seedlings were then cultivated for 10 days.

[0051] Three days before the end of the acclimatization period, substrate samples were randomly collected from three seedlings (10g per seedling, sampling depth 5cm), and the microbial count was found to be 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / g (≥10) 6 (CFU / g) confirms that the acclimatization has met the standards.

[0052] (3) Multi-terrain graded planting:

[0053] One day before planting, clear weeds and gravel from the afforestation site and mark the planting points in the root growth area according to the rock distribution map (2m × 2m spacing between plants and rows);

[0054] Excavate planting holes: The holes should be 30cm deep and 35cm in diameter. Lay a 5cm thick layer of native soil from the afforestation site (passed through a 5mm sieve) at the bottom of the hole. Insert a 2cm thick and 5cm wide current-year bamboo strip (40cm long and 30cm buried in the soil) into one side of the hole wall to isolate the roots from the rocks.

[0055] Dig a symbiotic guide trench: Along the direction of the root growth zone, dig a guide trench 15cm wide and 25cm deep from the planting hole outwards. Fill the trench with the third group of substrate + 10g / strain of microbial nutrient solution (sucrose: yeast extract = 3:1).

[0056] Seedling lifting and planting: Lift the acclimatized Pinus tabuliformis seedlings with a 20cm diameter acclimatization substrate soil ball, place them in the center of the planting hole, backfill with the third group of substrate until it is level with the ground surface, and gently tamp and compact it;

[0057] Watering to settle the roots: Water each plant with 5L of water containing 0.2% naphthaleneacetic acid (water evenly around the root ball), and cover the surface of the guide trench with 5cm of wood chips (wood chips with a particle size of 0.5-1cm, sterilized before use).

[0058] (4) Long-term collaborative maintenance:

[0059] Twenty days after transplanting, five seedlings were randomly selected for testing: root microbial network coverage was 35% (≥30%), and soil microbial biomass was 1.1 × 10⁻⁶. 5 CFU / g (≥10) 5 (CFU / g), leaves showed no wilting or yellowing;

[0060] Routine maintenance: Water the guide trench once a week with root-promoting water (3L of clean water per plant), and clean the guide trench once a month to remove fallen leaves, gravel and other debris. After cleaning, add the third set of substrate (adjust the substrate humidity to 60%±5% before adding, and control it by spraying water or letting it dry naturally).

[0061] Fertilization management: Six months after transplanting, dig a circular trench 10cm deep and 8cm wide along the edge of the seedling crown projection, and apply 1kg of decomposed sheep manure to each plant (crush it and fill it evenly into the trench, cover it with soil and compact it).

[0062] Pest and disease monitoring: Observe the condition of leaves and roots every 15 days. No blackening of roots or pests were found (if the roots are blackened, dig three 10cm deep drainage ditches immediately).

[0063] Implementation results:

[0064] Statistics one year after planting show that the seedling survival rate is 92%, the average root length is 45cm, the soil organic matter content has increased from the initial 1.2% to 1.42%, and the root contact rate with rock in the rocky area is only 8% (compared to 42% with traditional methods).

[0065] Example 2

[0066] This embodiment provides a root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas, specifically for afforestation in moderately gully regions. The specific implementation includes:

[0067] Implementation Scenario: A gully area in Luoyang City, Henan Province. The gullies have a slope of 20°, a depth of 8-12m, and a bottom width of 5-8m. The average annual rainfall is 680mm (concentrated in July and August, prone to soil erosion during the rainy season). The soil type is yellow-brown soil. Afforestation Seedlings: 2-year-old Pinus tabuliformis (deep-rooted, 0.7cm diameter, 45cm height) in the lower tier; 1-year-old Platycladus orientalis (medium-rooted, 0.5cm diameter, 30cm height) in the middle tier; and 1-year-old Amorpha fruticosa (shallow-rooted, 0.3cm diameter, 25cm height) in the upper tier.

[0068] Detailed operation steps:

[0069] (1) Two-dimensional preparation before planting:

[0070] Topographic survey and planning: Survey along the gully slope (20°), plan a series of earthen ridges at 1.5m intervals (5 in total), each ridge is 30cm high and 50cm wide. Excavate a 20cm deep drainage ditch on the inner side of each ridge (the drainage ditch has an inverted trapezoidal cross section, with an upper base of 20cm and a lower base of 10cm), and mark the planting area of ​​each ridge. Excavate 20cm deep test pits in a 5m×5m grid, and collect topsoil from the 0-20cm layer of each ridge.

[0071] Inoculum preparation: Moisture-tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the roots of healthy local Vitex negundo trees and propagated at a constant temperature of 28℃ for 5 days to prepare a moisture-tolerant native inoculum (effective viable count 10). 7 (CFU / mL), for later use;

[0072] Gradient acclimatization matrix preparation:

[0073] Group 1 (initial acclimatization): native nursery soil: topsoil of afforestation site = 3:1, add 3% decomposed wheat straw (1-2cm in length, 80% decomposition), add 5% moisture-resistant microbial agent per 1kg of substrate;

[0074] Group 2 (mid-acclimatization): native nursery soil: afforestation topsoil = 1:1, with 5% humus (humic acid content 40%) added, and 5% moisture-resistant microbial agent added per 1 kg of substrate;

[0075] Group 3 (late stage of domestication): native nursery soil: topsoil of afforestation site = 1:3, add 2% quicklime (quicklime purity 90%), add 5% moisture-resistant inoculant per 1kg of substrate;

[0076] The pH values ​​of the three substrates were tested and controlled between 6.0 and 6.5 (meeting the slightly acidic requirements of the gully area).

[0077] (2) Root symbiosis-gradient domestication cultivation:

[0078] Start cultivation 30 days before transplanting: Transfer the three types of seedlings into the corresponding first group of substrate (Chinese pine, Chinese arborvitae, and Amorpha fruticosa are cultivated separately to avoid cross-influence), spray each seedling with 20mL of moisture-resistant inoculant, place them in a 25℃ greenhouse with 60% substrate humidity, ventilate for 2 hours every day from 9:00 to 11:00, and cultivate for 10 days;

[0079] On the 10th day, prune the old fibrous roots of each seedling (the amount of pruning for Pinus tabuliformis is ≤1 / 5, and for Platycladus orientalis and Amorpha fruticosa is ≤1 / 6), transfer them to the second group of substrate, spray each seedling with 15mL of moisture-resistant inoculant, and cultivate for 10 days;

[0080] Ten days before transplanting, the plants were transferred to the third substrate and each plant was sprayed with 10 mL of moisture-resistant inoculant + 0.1% naphthaleneacetic acid and cultured for 10 days.

[0081] Tests conducted 3 days before the end of acclimatization showed that the bacterial count in the Pinus tabuliformis substrate was 1.1 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / g, Platycladus orientalis 1.0×10 6 CFU / g, Amorpha fruticosa 0.9×10 6 CFU / g all met the standards.

[0082] (3) Multi-terrain graded planting:

[0083] Terracing: Before planting, repair the soil ridges and terraces to ensure that the terraces are flat and the drainage ditches are free of debris; mark the planting points according to the plant spacing (2m×2m for Pinus tabuliformis, 1.5m×1.5m for Platycladus orientalis, and 1m×1m for Amorpha fruticosa).

[0084] Dig planting holes:

[0085] Lower terraces (Pinus tabuliformis): The pit is 30cm deep and 35cm in diameter, with 5cm of afforestation topsoil at the bottom;

[0086] Middle tier (Platycladus orientalis): The pit is 25cm deep and 30cm in diameter. The bottom of the pit is covered with 5cm of afforestation topsoil. 2% water-retaining cotton (water-retaining cotton has a water absorption rate of 320 times) is added to the substrate in advance.

[0087] Upper steps (Amorpha fruticosa): The pit is 20cm deep and 25cm in diameter. 5% of decomposed soybean cake (soybean cake particle size 2-3mm, organic matter content 72%) is mixed into the bottom of the pit.

[0088] Seedling lifting and planting: All three types of seedlings were lifted with a 20cm soil ball and planted in the corresponding terrace planting holes. The third group of substrate was then backfilled and compacted.

[0089] Protective structure settings:

[0090] Lower tiers: Cover the roots of the Pinus tabuliformis with 10cm thick straw (the straw moisture content should be ≤15% and it should be disinfected before use);

[0091] Middle steps: 8cm high gravel embankment (gravel diameter 5-8cm, distributed in an arc around the perimeter of the arborvitae planting hole) is piled up outside the planting hole;

[0092] Upper tiers: Amorpha fruticosa planting area is covered with 2cm thick woven straw mats (straw mats are 1m wide and woven with a density of ≥20 strands / cm, and the edges of the straw mats are compacted with soil);

[0093] Watering to settle the roots: Water each plant with 5L of water containing 0.2% naphthaleneacetic acid (water along the root ball for Pinus tabuliformis, and evenly around the planting hole for Platycladus orientalis and Amorpha fruticosa).

[0094] (4) Long-term collaborative maintenance:

[0095] Tests conducted 20 days after planting showed that the mycelial network coverage of Pinus tabuliformis was 32%, that of Platycladus orientalis was 34%, and that of Amorpha fruticosa was 31%, with all microbial inoculum counts ≥10. 5 CFU / g;

[0096] Routine maintenance: Clean the drainage ditch of debris monthly (once every 15 days during the rainy season), and add 5cm of topsoil to the embankment terraces every quarter; if there is no rain for 7 consecutive days, cover the roots of the seedlings on each terrace with 10cm of natural pine needles (3-5cm long, free from mold).

[0097] Fertilization management: Six months after planting, apply 1.5 kg of well-rotted cow manure, 1 kg of Chinese arborvitae, and 0.5 kg of Amorpha fruticosa per pine tree, all along the ring-shaped trench of the crown.

[0098] Soil and water loss monitoring: After each rain during the rainy season, the drainage of the catchment ditches was observed, and no tiered collapse or root exposure was found.

[0099] Implementation results:

[0100] One-year survival rate after planting: Pinus tabuliformis 89%, Platycladus orientalis 94%, Amorpha fruticosa 96%; soil erosion in gullies during the rainy season decreased from the initial 30 t / hm². 2 Reduced to 10.5 t / hm 2 (Reduced by 65%), and soil moisture content increased by 20% compared to traditional methods.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] This embodiment provides a root-protected seedling transplanting method for mountain afforestation, specifically for winter low-temperature mountain afforestation. The specific implementation details include:

[0103] Implementation scenario: A mountainous area in Datong City, Shanxi Province, with a minimum winter temperature of -15℃, an average annual temperature of 6℃, an annual precipitation of 420mm, a rock exposure rate of 25%, and chestnut calcareous soil (prone to freezing in winter). The afforestation seedlings are 2-year-old Pinus sylvestris seedlings (highly cold-resistant, with a ground diameter of 0.6cm and a seedling height of 40cm).

[0104] Detailed operation steps:

[0105] (1) Two-dimensional preparation before planting:

[0106] Excavation of test pits: In early October (before the soil freezes), dig test pits 20cm deep in a 5m×5m grid, mark the root avoidance zone (within 10cm around the rock) and the root growth zone, and collect 0-20cm of topsoil (store at low temperature to avoid freezing).

[0107] Inoculum preparation: Low-temperature resistant AMF was isolated from the roots of healthy local Pinus sylvestris, and propagated at a constant temperature of 22℃ for 10 days to prepare a low-temperature resistant inoculum (effective viable count 10). 8 CFU / mL);

[0108] Gradient acclimatization matrix preparation:

[0109] Group 1: Native nursery soil: Afforestation soil = 3:1, plus 3% decomposed straw, plus 5% low-temperature resistant inoculant per 1kg;

[0110] Group 2: 1:1, with 5% humus added, and 5% low-temperature resistant inoculant added per 1kg;

[0111] Group 3: 1:3, plus 3% river sand, plus 5% low-temperature resistant inoculant per 1kg;

[0112] The substrate pH is controlled at 7.0-7.5, and the prepared substrate is stored at 5℃ (to avoid inactivation of the strain).

[0113] (2) Root symbiosis-gradient domestication cultivation:

[0114] Start cultivation 30 days before transplanting (mid-September): Transfer the Scots pine to the first group of substrate, spray with 20mL / plant inoculum, in a greenhouse at 25℃ and 60% humidity, ventilate for 2 hours a day, and cultivate for 10 days;

[0115] After pruning the fibrous roots, transfer to group 2, spray with 15 mL / plant, and cultivate for 10 days;

[0116] Ten days before transplanting, the plants were transferred to group 3 and sprayed with 10 mL / plant inoculum + 0.1% naphthaleneacetic acid, and cultured for 10 days.

[0117] End-of-acclimatization test: Substrate bacterial count 1.3 × 10⁻⁶ 6 CFU / g, meets the standard.

[0118] (3) Multi-terrain graded planting:

[0119] Planting in mid-October (before the soil freezes): Planting holes 30cm deep, with 5cm of topsoil at the bottom and 2cm thick bamboo strips inserted into the walls.

[0120] Dig a guide trench 15cm wide and 25cm deep, and fill it with the third group of substrate + 10g / plant nutrient solution;

[0121] Plant the seedlings with a 20cm root ball, water them with 5L of water to help them settle, and cover the trench with 5cm of wood chips.

[0122] (4) Long-term collaborative maintenance:

[0123] Take measures to protect against low temperatures 10 days after transplanting (late October, before the onset of low temperatures):

[0124] Rocky area: Cover the root system of Pinus sylvestris with 5cm thick decomposed rice straw (compacted, covering 50cm outward from the base of the seedling), and lay 40g / ㎡ breathable non-woven fabric (1.2m wide, with the edges compacted with soil to prevent it from being blown away by the wind) on the outside of the straw.

[0125] Non-rocky areas (flat land): Mound soil 10cm high at the base of the seedlings, and wrap the soil mound with 40g / ㎡ non-woven fabric;

[0126] Terraced areas in gullies (if any): The outer side of the terraced embankment is wrapped with a 5cm thick polyethylene insulation film (insulation film thickness 0.08mm, width 1m, bottom embedded 10cm in the soil, top 15cm above the terraced embankment, and the joints are sealed with tape).

[0127] Winter maintenance: Inspect the protective structure every 20 days, and replace it promptly if the non-woven fabric is damaged; remove the protective structure in late March of the following year (after the soil thaws);

[0128] Other maintenance: Same as in Example 1 (water root-promoting water weekly, clean the guide trench monthly, and fertilize in June).

[0129] Implementation results:

[0130] The root frost damage rate in winter was only 3% (compared to 28% with traditional methods), the survival rate one year after planting was 88%, the average root length was 42cm, and the microbial biomass recovered rapidly to 1.0×10⁻⁶ after the soil thawed. 5 CFU / g.

[0131] Example 4

[0132] This embodiment provides a root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas, specifically for afforestation in arid mountainous regions. The specific implementation details include:

[0133] Implementation scenario: An arid mountainous area in Dingxi City, Gansu Province, with an annual precipitation of 320 mm, an average annual temperature of 7℃, soil moisture content usually <8% (topsoil is prone to drought), a rock exposure rate of 20%, and a gray-calcareous soil. The afforestation seedlings are 2-year-old sea buckthorn seedlings (highly drought-resistant, with a ground diameter of 0.5 cm and a seedling height of 35 cm).

[0134] Detailed operation steps:

[0135] (1) Two-dimensional preparation before planting:

[0136] Pit excavation: Dig 20cm deep pits in a 5m×5m grid, mark the rock area and non-rock area, and collect 0-20cm topsoil (sieve to remove impurities);

[0137] Inoculum preparation: Drought-resistant nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the roots of healthy sea buckthorn plants in the local area and propagated at 28℃ for 6 days to prepare a drought-resistant inoculum (effective viable count 10^6). 7 CFU / mL);

[0138] Gradient acclimatization matrix preparation:

[0139] The substrate ratios for groups 1-3 are the same as in Example 1, but each group has an additional 5% humus (to improve water retention), and group 3 has 3% river sand added.

[0140] Add 5% drought-resistant bacterial inoculant per 1 kg of substrate, and control the pH at 7.0-7.5;

[0141] Water retention rate was tested after substrate preparation: ≥45% water retention rate 24 hours after watering (compared to only 25% for traditional substrates).

[0142] (2) Root symbiosis-gradient domestication cultivation:

[0143] Start cultivation 30 days before transplanting: transfer sea buckthorn to the first group of substrate, spray with 20mL / plant inoculum, 25℃ greenhouse, control substrate humidity at 65% (higher than usual, to adapt to drought in advance), ventilate for 2 hours every day, and cultivate for 10 days;

[0144] After pruning the fibrous roots, transfer to group 2, spray with 15 mL / plant, maintain humidity at 65%, and cultivate for 10 days;

[0145] Ten days before transplanting, the plants were transferred to group 3 and sprayed with 10 mL / plant inoculum + 0.1% naphthaleneacetic acid, with a humidity of 65%, and incubated for 10 days.

[0146] End-of-acclimatization test: Substrate bacterial count 1.1 × 10⁻⁶ 6 CFU / g, meets the standard.

[0147] (3) Multi-terrain graded planting:

[0148] Planting holes should be 30cm deep, with 5cm of topsoil at the bottom and 2cm bamboo strips inserted into the walls.

[0149] Dig a guide trench 15cm wide and 25cm deep, and fill it with the third group of substrate + 10g / plant nutrient solution;

[0150] Plant with a 20cm root ball, water with 5L of water (add 0.1% drought-resistant agent to the water), and cover the trench with 5cm of wood chips + 2cm of water-retaining film (the water-retaining film is made of biodegradable polyethylene material, and after covering, poke 3-5 small holes for ventilation).

[0151] (4) Long-term collaborative maintenance:

[0152] Tests conducted 20 days after transplanting showed: 33% coverage of the inoculum netting, and a microbial inoculum count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 5 CFU / g;

[0153] Water management: Water once every 2 weeks to promote root growth (3L / plant, with 0.1% drought resistance agent). If there is no rain for 10 consecutive days, cover the water-retaining film in the guide trench with another 5cm of pine needles.

[0154] Guide trench maintenance: Clean debris monthly and replenish the third set of substrate (adjust humidity to 65% ± 5% before replenishment);

[0155] Fertilizer management: Apply 1 kg of well-rotted sheep manure per plant 6 months after transplanting, along the circular trench of the crown;

[0156] Soil moisture monitoring: The surface soil moisture content is measured every 15 days and is kept stable at 12%-15% (compared to only 8%-10% using traditional methods).

[0157] Implementation results:

[0158] The survival rate after one year of planting is 85% (52% with traditional methods), the average length of new shoots of sea buckthorn is 18cm (only 8cm with traditional methods), and the soil surface moisture content (0-20cm) is stable at 12%-15%.

[0159] Example 5

[0160] This embodiment provides a root-protected seedling transplanting method for afforestation in mountainous areas, specifically for high-altitude mountainous afforestation. The specific implementation includes:

[0161] Implementation Scenario: A high-altitude mountainous area in Haidong City, Qinghai Province, at an altitude of 2800m, with an average annual temperature of 2℃, a minimum winter temperature of -20℃, thin (25-35cm) and infertile soil (organic matter content of 0.8%), and an annual precipitation of 450mm. The afforestation seedlings are 2-year-old Qinghai spruce seedlings (adapted to high altitudes, with a ground diameter of 0.6cm and a seedling height of 40cm).

[0162] Detailed operation steps:

[0163] (1) Two-dimensional preparation before planting:

[0164] Excavation of test pits: In early June (after the permafrost has completely thawed), dig test pits 20cm deep in a 5m×5m grid, mark the rock area and the growth area, and collect 0-20cm of topsoil (store at low temperature and avoid exposure to sunlight);

[0165] Inoculum preparation: AMF (Amino Acid), which is tolerant to poor soil and low temperatures, was isolated from the root system of healthy Qinghai spruce trees and propagated at a constant temperature of 22℃ for 12 days to prepare a special inoculum for high altitude (effective viable count 10). 8 CFU / mL);

[0166] Gradient acclimatization matrix preparation:

[0167] Group 1: Native nursery soil: Afforestation soil = 3:1, plus 3% decomposed straw, plus 5% special microbial inoculant per 1kg;

[0168] Group 2: 1:1, with 5% humic matter (45% humic acid) added, and 5% special inoculant added per 1kg;

[0169] Group 3: 1:3, plus 4% river sand (to prevent soil compaction), plus 5% special microbial inoculant per 1kg;

[0170] The substrate pH was controlled at 7.0-7.5, and the organic matter content was tested: the third group of substrates reached 2.5% (improving soil fertility).

[0171] (2) Root symbiosis-gradient domestication cultivation:

[0172] Cultivation begins 40 days before transplanting (early May): Due to the low activity of the strain at high altitudes, the acclimatization period is extended to 40 days;

[0173] Days 1-13: Transfer Qinghai spruce to the first group of substrates, spray with 20mL / plant of special microbial agent, 25℃ greenhouse (simulating suitable environment), humidity 60%, ventilate for 2 hours every day;

[0174] Days 14-26: After pruning the fibrous roots, transfer to Group 2 and spray with 15mL / plant at 60% humidity;

[0175] Days 27-40: Transfer to Group 3, spray with 10 mL / strain of special inoculum + 0.1% naphthaleneacetic acid, humidity 60%;

[0176] Tested 3 days before the end of acclimatization: substrate bacterial count 0.9 × 10⁻⁶ 6 CFU / g (meets standards under high-altitude conditions).

[0177] (3) Multi-terrain graded planting:

[0178] Planting in late June (optimal afforestation period at high altitudes): Planting holes 30cm deep, with 5cm of topsoil at the bottom and 2cm bamboo strips inserted into the walls.

[0179] Dig a guide trench 15cm wide and 25cm deep, and fill it with the third group of substrate + 10g / plant nutrient solution;

[0180] Plant the plants with a 20cm root ball, water them with 5L of water (the water temperature should be 15-20℃ to avoid low temperature stimulating the roots), and cover the trench with 5cm of wood chips.

[0181] (4) Long-term collaborative maintenance:

[0182] Low-temperature protection (late September, before the onset of winter at high altitudes):

[0183] Rocky area: Cover the root system with 8cm thick decomposed straw (compacted), and lay two layers of 40g / ㎡ non-woven fabric on the outside (total 80g / ㎡). The edges of the non-woven fabric are compacted with soil and fixed with stones.

[0184] In flat areas: mound soil 15cm high at the base of the seedlings, wrap the mound with 0.1mm thick polyethylene insulation film (thicker than usual), and bury the bottom of the insulation film 15cm deep;

[0185] Routine maintenance: Inspect the protective structure every 20 days. Due to the high winds at high altitudes, repair any damage to the insulation film immediately. Remove the protective structure in early May of the following year.

[0186] Other maintenance: Water once a week to promote root growth (3L / plant, water temperature 10-15℃), clean the guide trench monthly, and apply 1kg / plant of well-rotted yak manure (a common organic fertilizer at high altitudes) in June.

[0187] Implementation results:

[0188] One year after transplanting, the survival rate was 82% (compared to 45% with traditional methods), and the microbial inoculum remained stable at 9×10⁻⁶. 4 CFU / g (can still maintain activity under high altitude and low temperature conditions), soil organic matter content increased from 0.8% to 1.1%.

[0189] Comparative Example 1

[0190] This comparative example provides traditional mountain afforestation methods, including the following specific implementation details:

[0191] Implementation location and seedlings:

[0192] Same as Example 1 (rocky exposed area, 2-year-old Pinus tabuliformis seedlings) to ensure consistent comparison conditions.

[0193] Detailed operation steps:

[0194] (1) Preparations before planting:

[0195] No terrain survey: Planting points are marked directly at a spacing of 2m×2m, without digging test pits or distinguishing between root avoidance zones and root growth zones;

[0196] Substrate-free acclimatization: No gradient acclimatization substrate is prepared, and native strains are not isolated;

[0197] Seedling lifting: Pinus tabuliformis seedlings are lifted with a 15cm native nursery soil ball (without acclimatization process).

[0198] (2) Planting operation:

[0199] Dig planting holes 30cm deep, without setting up bamboo strips for isolation, and without digging guide trenches;

[0200] Place the seedlings with soil balls directly into the holes, backfill with the topsoil of the afforestation site, and compact it;

[0201] Water each plant with 5L of clean water (without naphthaleneacetic acid) and cover the hole with 5cm of straw (without wood chips or other water-retaining measures).

[0202] (3) Post-maintenance:

[0203] Water only once a week after planting (without root-promoting water), and do not test the coverage rate of the inoculum net or the amount of microorganisms;

[0204] Six months later, apply 1 kg of urea to each plant (without well-rotted organic fertilizer, soil compaction is likely to occur).

[0205] No targeted maintenance: No cleaning of the guide trench (no guide trench), no replenishment of substrate, and no low-temperature protection in winter.

[0206] Implementation results:

[0207] The survival rate after one year of planting was 65% (27 percentage points lower than in Example 1), the average root length was 30cm (15cm shorter), the soil organic matter content increased by only 3% (15 percentage points lower), the root contact rate with rock in the rocky area was 42% (leading to the withering of 42% of the seedlings in contact with rock), and the amount of soil erosion during the rainy season did not decrease.

[0208] The five embodiments of this method respectively cover the core complex scenarios of mountainous areas (typical rocky exposed areas, moderately ravine areas, low-temperature winter areas, arid areas, and high-altitude areas). Comparative Example 1 uses traditional mountain afforestation methods (same location and same seedlings as Example 1). The two methods differ significantly in technical solutions and implementation effects, as detailed below:

[0209] From the perspective of core technology application, Examples 1-5 all adopt the closed-loop technology of "terrain exploration - gradient acclimatization - multi-terrain planting - long-term maintenance": suitable planting areas are marked by 5m×5m grid pits, 3 sets of gradient acclimatization substrates are prepared and local adapted strains are added (such as barren-tolerant strains in rocky areas and cold-tolerant strains in low-temperature areas). During planting, protection is designed according to the terrain (bamboo strip isolation in rocky areas, tiered protection in gully areas, and heat preservation measures in low-temperature areas). The coverage rate of the microbial net and the amount of microorganisms are monitored regularly in the later stage. Comparative Example 1 has no terrain exploration (direct marking of planting points), no acclimatization (transplanting with original soil balls), no targeted planting protection (only digging holes and filling soil), and no long-term maintenance (only watering once and applying urea), and the technical links are seriously lacking.

[0210] From the key implementation results, Examples 1-5 show significant advantages: In terms of survival rate, Example 1 (rocky area) 92%, Example 2 (ravine area) 89% for Pinus tabuliformis, 94% for Platycladus orientalis, and 96% for Amorpha fruticosa, Example 3 (low temperature area) 88%, Example 4 (arid area) 85%, and Example 5 (high altitude area) 82%, all significantly higher than the 65% of Comparative Example 1; in terms of root growth, the average root length of Example 1 was 45cm, Example 3 was 42cm, while Comparative Example 1 was only 30cm. Example 4: The length of the new shoots of sea buckthorn was 18cm (compared to only 8cm in Comparative Example 1); In terms of soil improvement, soil organic matter in Example 1 increased from 1.2% to 1.42%, in Example 5 it increased from 0.8% to 1.1%, while in Comparative Example 1 it only increased by 3%; In terms of stress resistance, soil erosion in Example 2 was reduced by 65% ​​during the rainy season, the root frost damage rate in Example 3 was 3% in winter (compared to 128%), and the surface soil moisture content in Example 4 was stabilized at 12%-15% (compared to 18%-10%).

[0211] In summary, Examples 1-5, through terrain adaptation, microbial-matrix synergistic acclimatization, targeted protection and long-term maintenance, have solved the pain points of traditional methods (Comparative Example 1) such as poor terrain adaptation, slow root adaptation, weak stress resistance and soil degradation. They not only cover a variety of mountainous scenarios, but also achieve a dual improvement in afforestation effect and soil quality, highlighting the universality and practicality of this method.

[0212] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or other arbitrary combinations. When implemented by software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.

[0213] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0214] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0215] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of protection of the claims.

[0216] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Two-dimensional preparation before planting: For the target afforestation area, which includes rocky bare areas and gully areas, excavate test pits to mark the rock distribution map and gully terrace planning map, and collect the top 0-20 cm of soil from the afforestation site; isolate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the roots of healthy native plants in the area, and propagate them to prepare native inoculants suitable for the corresponding terrain; prepare substrates in 3 groups according to the gradient ratio of native nursery soil and native soil of afforestation site, and add the aforementioned native inoculants to each group of substrates; (2) Root symbiosis-gradient acclimatization cultivation: Before transplanting, symbiosis cultivation is initiated. The seedlings are transferred to three groups of gradient acclimatization substrates for step-by-step cultivation. During this period, aging fibrous roots are pruned and the local microbial agent is sprayed. The substrate humidity is controlled at 60% and the temperature at 25℃. Ten days before transplanting, acclimatization is strengthened by spraying the third group of substrates with a mixture of the local microbial agent and naphthaleneacetic acid. Cultivation is carried out until the seedling root system has a 20 cm diameter acclimatization substrate soil ball. (3) Multi-terrain graded planting: When planting in rocky areas, dig planting holes 30 cm deep in the root growth zone, insert 2 cm thick bamboo strips into the hole walls to isolate the roots from the rocks, and dig symbiotic guide trenches 15 cm wide and 25 cm deep along the direction of the root growth zone. Fill the trenches with the third group of substrate and microbial nutrients. After planting the seedlings with soil balls, water them with water containing 0.2% naphthaleneacetic acid, with each seedling receiving 5 liters of water. Cover the surface of the guide trenches with 5 cm thick wood chips. When planting in gully areas, plant deep-rooted, medium-rooted, and shallow-rooted seedlings according to the gully terrace plan, and set up protective structures accordingly to control the root depth of seedlings in different terraces. (4) Long-term synergistic maintenance: 20 days after planting, the root microbial network coverage rate should be tested, requiring a coverage rate of not less than 30%. The soil microbial inoculum should be tested monthly, requiring the inoculum to remain stable at 10. 5 For seedlings with a CFU / g or higher, observe the condition of the leaves and roots every 15 days. When the roots turn black, dig three 10 cm deep drainage ditches. For rocky areas, water the guide ditch once a week to promote root growth, using 3 liters per seedling. 30 days after planting, extend the guide ditch 10 cm deep and add the third set of substrate. For gully areas, clean the drainage ditch of debris monthly and add 5 cm of topsoil to the terraced embankments every quarter. Apply well-rotted organic fertilizer around the seedlings as needed after planting.

2. The method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the test pit is excavated in a grid of 5 meters × 5 meters with a depth of 20 centimeters. In the rock distribution map, the root avoidance zone is the area within 10 centimeters around the rock, and the root growth zone is the area without rock and with a soil thickness of not less than 30 centimeters. In the gully terrace planning map, a soil ridge terrace is set every 1.5 meters along the gully slope of 15°-30°. The soil ridge terrace is 30 centimeters high and 50 centimeters wide. A water collection ditch 20 centimeters deep is excavated on the inner side of the terrace.

3. The method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the native microbial agents suitable for the corresponding terrain are adapted to the terrain: the microbial agents used in rocky areas have the characteristics of being tolerant to poor soil, and the microbial agents used in gully areas have the characteristics of being tolerant to moisture. Both types of microbial agents are obtained from the root systems of native shrubs or trees in the target afforestation area; the concentration of the native microbial agents added to the substrate is 5%.

4. The method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the proportions and additives of the three groups of gradient acclimatization substrates are as follows: Group 1, initial acclimatization stage: Mix native nursery soil and afforestation soil in a 3:1 ratio, and add 3% decomposed straw; Group 2, mid-stage of acclimatization: Mix native nursery soil and afforestation soil in a 1:1 ratio, and add 5% humus; Group 3, late stage of domestication: native nursery soil and afforestation soil are mixed at a ratio of 1:

3. 3% river sand is added to the substrate used in rocky areas, and 2% quicklime is added to the substrate used in gully areas.

5. The method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the symbiotic cultivation is initiated 30 days before transplanting, and the cultivation time for each substrate group is 10 days. When the seedlings are transferred to the first substrate group, each seedling is sprayed with 20 ml of the local microbial agent. When the seedlings are transferred to the second substrate group, each seedling is sprayed with an additional 15 ml of the local microbial agent. Ventilation is carried out for 2 hours every day during the cultivation period. The concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid in the naphthaleneacetic acid mixture is 0.1%. If the root system has not formed a microbial network, an additional 5 ml of the local microbial agent is sprayed and the cultivation is extended for 5 days.

6. The method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), a 5 cm thick layer of native afforestation soil is laid at the bottom of the planting holes in the rocky area; the nutrient agent for the microorganisms is a mixture of sucrose and yeast extract, with an application rate of 10 grams per plant; the root depth of the lower terrace seedlings in the gully area is controlled at 60-80 cm, and the protective structure is a 10 cm thick straw mulch; the root depth of the middle terrace seedlings is controlled at 40-60 cm, 2% water-retaining cotton is added to the substrate, and the protective structure is a gravel embankment for diverting rainwater; the root depth of the upper terrace seedlings is controlled at 20-40 cm, 5% decomposed soybean cake is mixed into the bottom of the holes, and the protective structure is a woven straw mat for reducing surface runoff.

7. The method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), drainage ditches are added in the gully area; when there is no rain for 7 consecutive days, cover the roots with 10 cm thick natural pine needles; the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer applied per plant is: 1 kg in the rock area and 1.5 kg in the gully area; the "timely application" refers to 6 months after planting.

8. The method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), after the gradient acclimatization substrate is prepared, the soil pH value is tested and controlled between 6.0 and 7.

5. The pH value of the substrate used in rocky areas can be slightly alkaline, controlled between 7.0 and 7.5; the pH value of the substrate used in gully areas can be slightly acidic, controlled between 6.0 and 6.

5. In step (2), substrate samples are collected and tested 3 days before the end of acclimatization, and the microbial count is required to be no less than 10. 6 CFU / gram.

9. The method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the maintenance of the rock area guide trench also includes: cleaning the fallen leaves, gravel and other debris in the guide trench once a month. After cleaning, the humidity of the third group of substrate to be added should be adjusted to 60% ± 5% in advance to ensure that it is consistent with the humidity of the original substrate in the guide trench, so as to avoid stimulating the root system due to humidity difference.

10. A method for transplanting root-protected seedlings for afforestation in mountainous areas as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, When the winter temperature in the target afforestation area is below 5℃, low-temperature protection measures should be taken within 15 days after planting: cover the root system of seedlings in rocky areas with 5 cm thick decomposed straw, and lay breathable non-woven fabric on the outer layer of the straw; wrap the outer side of the terraced soil ridges in gully areas with 5 cm thick heat-insulating film, and embed the bottom of the heat-insulating film 10 cm into the soil to prevent cold wind from eroding the terraced soil and causing root damage.

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