A panel comprising two faces connected by a uniform joint structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a panel comprising a first non-deformable fabric and a second non-deformable fabric and a connection structure comprising supports connecting the first fabric to the second fabric, the resting length of each support being substantially equal to the average of the resting lengths of the supports, the panel comprising a cement-based foam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a board comprising two woven fabrics connected by a load-bearing structure, and the use of such a board as a building material. Background Technology

[0002] A wide variety of panels are used in the construction industry. Among these panels, structural panels such as concrete panels or gypsum boards can be mentioned, as can thermal insulation panels such as polyurethane panels, rock wool panels, or wood fiberboard.

[0003] These boards can be made from a single type of material, such as plaster, and are therefore often referred to as “solid” boards. They can also be made from a combination of several different materials to enhance one or more specific qualities, and are therefore often referred to as “composite” boards.

[0004] Therefore, document US2017 / 0044766 describes a composite floor covering made of a so-called three-dimensional woven fabric, which comprises two planar fabrics connected by spacer elements that make the two surfaces parallel and spaced apart. This three-dimensional woven fabric is mesh-like, through which cement can be poured to form a reinforced floor. This structure requires laying on horizontal supports because the board cannot accommodate infill material.

[0005] Document WO2019 / 197319 describes a composite material consisting of a three-dimensional woven fabric and polyurethane foam, wherein the three-dimensional woven fabric comprises two faces, the separation between which is regulated by spacers, and the material is designed to form a sole. The spacers provide mechanical integrity by maintaining a certain space between the two faces of the woven fabric, thereby providing resistance to continuous compression experienced by the sole.

[0006] Documents US2010 / 0233417 and WO2015 / 053842 describe a flexible fabric composite material capable of "solidification" (in a manner similar to cement "solidification"). This composite material can become rigid or semi-rigid by applying a liquid or radiation. It is made of a three-dimensional woven fabric containing powder and having two planes and spacers. The powder is introduced through one face of the woven fabric, which is deformable to form the space required to introduce the powder and contracts to contain it. One or more faces of the woven fabric can also be permeated with the liquid or radiation required to solidify the powder, thus hardening the composite material. The faces are separated by spacers, which can be composed of a single set of fibers or monofilaments. Although, according to US2010 / 0233417, there is theoretically no limitation on the thickness of the composite material, the listed constraints, particularly the ability of the liquid to penetrate into the core of the powdered material before the outer portion hardens, the ability of the surface to support the weight of the powder, and the constraints on the rigidity of the spacer to enable it to properly function in maintaining the space between the two inner surfaces of the composite material, therefore limit the thickness of these composite materials to a relatively small amount, typically a few millimeters, as indicated by the “typically…” example shown in the embodiments of WO2015 / 053842.

[0007] Document WO2015 / 187826 describes a fabric composite material comprising a nonwoven fabric, one side of which is liquid-permeable and the other side is impermeable, the fabric being filled with a material that hardens upon contact with the liquid. The two sides of the fabric are separated by a set of self-supporting fibers, which generally maintain the spacing between the two sides and resist compressive mechanical forces. When this composite material is bent, wrinkles form on its surface before the filler material hardens.

[0008] However, the development of expandable materials such as cement-based foams cannot be applied to such composites because they either contain cement materials in dry and dispersed forms or cannot maintain fluidity.

[0009] Document DE2855194 describes a sheet material capable of incorporating a dispersed material (e.g., cement) or a foam of such material. However, the spacers in the material described in that document need to be sufficiently rigid to maintain separation between the two sides of the woven fabric. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To meet these needs, the applicant company has developed a board having a first woven fabric and a second woven fabric and being filled with a cement-based foam filler material, wherein the second woven fabric is connected to the first woven fabric via a connecting structure.

[0011] definition

[0012] The carbon-containing compounds mentioned in this specification can be of fossil or bio-based origin. In the case of bio-based origin, the carbon-containing compounds can be partially or wholly derived from biomass, or obtained from renewable raw materials derived from biomass. In particular, this relates to polymers, plasticizers, fillers, etc.

[0013] "Approximately parallel" or "generally extending along" means that the angle formed by the two directions in question is less than 10°, preferably less than 5°, more preferably less than 2°, and even more preferably less than or equal to the error of the angle measured by appropriate methods.

[0014] If two lengths are equal within the usual measurement tolerances for measuring such lengths or within the tolerances of manufacturing methods that use elements with substantially the same lengths, then the two lengths are substantially equal.

[0015] If the breaking elongation of the filaments in a woven fabric is less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, and more preferably less than 20%, the woven fabric is referred to as a non-deformable woven fabric. However, the woven fabric may deform due to mechanical slippage between the filaments.

[0016] Woven board

[0017] This invention relates to a sheet material, the sheet material comprising:

[0018] • A first woven fabric comprising filamentary elements (C1) referred to as warp elements and filamentary elements (T1) referred to as weft elements, the warp elements being generally parallel to each other and extending in a direction referred to as the warp direction, the warp direction constituting a first principal direction of the first woven fabric, the weft elements being generally parallel to each other and extending in a direction referred to as the weft direction, the weft direction constituting a second principal direction of the first woven fabric, the second principal direction being different from the first principal direction of the first woven fabric;

[0019] • A second woven fabric comprising filamentary elements (C2) referred to as warp elements and second filamentary elements (T2) referred to as weft elements, the warp elements being generally parallel to each other and extending in a direction referred to as the warp direction, which constitutes a first principal direction of the second woven fabric, the weft elements being generally parallel to each other and extending in a direction referred to as the weft direction, which constitutes a second principal direction of the second woven fabric, the second principal direction being different from the first principal direction of the second woven fabric;

[0020] • A connecting structure comprising n filamentary elements connecting a first braid to a second braid, each filamentary element including at least one filamentary portion referred to as a support member, the support member extending between the first and second braids and connecting the first braid to the second braid, each support member i having a rest length h.i And extending from the attachment point with the first weave to the attachment point with the second weave;

[0021] The characteristic feature is that the rest length of each support member in the connecting structure is substantially equal to the average rest length of the support members. m represents the total number of supporting components in the connecting structure, and the first and second woven fabrics are non-deformable. The sheet material includes a filling material, which is cement-based foam, between the inner surfaces of the first and second woven fabrics.

[0022] Average value of the static length of the support This refers to the average static length of the supporting members of the connecting structure. According to the present invention, the total number of supporting members in the connecting structure of the plate is equal to m, which is a strictly positive integer. Therefore, The total number of supports is adjusted based on the geometry of the sheet material, the required rigidity, and the flow characteristics of the filler material. The elongation at break of the filamentary elements is measured according to standard ASTM D885-03.

[0023] Filler material

[0024] The sheet material according to the invention includes a filling material, which is cement-based foam, between the inner surface of the first woven fabric and the inner surface of the second woven fabric.

[0025] Cement-based insulating foam or mineral foam is known to those skilled in the art and is made from a mixture of cement-based materials and gases. The gas (e.g., air) is trapped in the cement-based material in the form of bubbles, thereby forming an inflatable material that exhibits excellent thermal and / or sound insulation properties as well as fire resistance, and has a wide possible density range, for example, from about 40 kg / m³. 3 Up to 1000 kg / m 3 These materials can be purchased, for example, from Lafarge Holcim under the trade name "Airium" or Vicat under the trade name "Aircimat".

[0026] Woven fabric for the sheet metal according to the invention

[0027] The first woven fabric of the sheet metal according to the invention comprises filamentary elements (C1) referred to as warp elements and filamentary elements (T1) referred to as weft elements, the warp elements being generally parallel to each other and extending in a direction referred to as the warp direction, which constitutes a first principal direction of the first woven fabric, and the weft elements being generally parallel to each other and extending in a direction referred to as the weft direction, which constitutes a second principal direction of the first woven fabric, the second principal direction being different from the first principal direction of the first woven fabric.

[0028] Preferably, the first and second woven fabrics independently comprise materials selected from polyester, polyamide, polyketone, polyurethane, natural fibers, inorganic fibers, and combinations thereof, more preferably selected from polyester, polyamide, polyketone, polyurethane, natural fibers, and combinations thereof, and more preferably selected from polyester, natural fibers, and combinations thereof.

[0029] In a preferred arrangement, at least one woven fabric comprises a flame-retardant material, which is either a natural flame-retardant material or a flame-retardant treated material.

[0030] Connection structure

[0031] The sheet material according to the invention includes a connecting structure comprising filamentary elements connecting a first braid to a second braid, each filamentary element including at least one filamentary portion referred to as a support member, the support member extending between the first and second braids and connecting the first braid to the second braid, each support member i having a rest length h. i And extending from the attachment point with the first braid to the attachment point with the second braid, the rest length of each support member of the connecting structure is substantially equal to the average rest length of the support member.

[0032] The rest length of a support member refers to its length along the longitudinal direction when no external stress load (except atmospheric pressure) is applied to it. A support member at rest in the longitudinal direction is subjected to neither tension nor compression in that direction, and therefore its elongation in that direction is zero. Similarly, the rest length of a filament element generally refers to its length along the longitudinal direction when no external stress load (except atmospheric pressure) is applied to it.

[0033] A filamentous element refers to any long, straight element whose length is greater than its cross-section, regardless of the shape of the cross-section, such as circular, elliptical, rectangular, or square, or even flat. The filamentous element may be twisted or wavy, for example. When its cross-section is circular, the diameter of the cross-section is preferably less than 5 mm, more preferably in the range of 100 μm to 1.2 mm.

[0034] The geometry of each filamentary element of the connecting structure (particularly each support connecting the inner surfaces of the first and second braids) can be characterized by its rest length LP and its average cross-section SP, which is the average value of cross-sections obtained by cutting the support on all surfaces parallel to and between the first and second braids. In the most common case where the filamentary elements and supports have constant cross-sections, the average cross-section SP is equal to that constant cross-section.

[0035] For each filamentary element of the connecting structure, particularly each support member, the minimum characteristic dimension E of its average cross-section SP is generally preferably at most equal to the average rest length of the support member. The aspect ratio R of its average cross-section SP is preferably at most 3, which is 0.02 times that of the average cross-section SP of the load-bearing element. The smaller characteristic dimension E of the average cross-section SP of the load-bearing element is at most equal to the average static length of the support. The 0.02 times rule out any large load-bearing components with a large volume.

[0036] The aspect ratio R of the average cross-section SP is at most equal to 3, meaning that the maximum characteristic dimension V of the average cross-section SP is at most equal to 3 times the minimum characteristic dimension E of the average cross-section SP. For example, the aspect ratio R of the average cross-section SP of a circle with a diameter of d is 1; the aspect ratio R of the average cross-section SP of a rectangle with a length of V and a width of V' is V / V'; and the aspect ratio R of the average cross-section SP of an ellipse with a major axis of B and a minor axis of B' is B / B'.

[0037] Average static length of support Preferably, the length is greater than 8 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 2000 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 1000 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 500 mm, and the height is preferably between 30 mm and 100 mm, and very preferably between 40 mm and 70 mm. This average static length can be adjusted according to the intended use of the sheet material according to the invention.

[0038] The support members have filament-like mechanical properties, meaning they can only be subjected to tensile or compressive forces along their mean line. Each support member of the connecting structure is flexible. This means it can bend without breaking and will not undergo plastic deformation. The connecting structure itself cannot support the gap between the two faces of the sheet metal according to the invention. Without any filler or internal pressure, the two faces can move closer to each other without being loaded.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, each filamentary element of the connecting structure is a fabric element. Fabric means that each filamentary element of the connecting structure is non-metallic, for example made of a material selected from: polyester, polyamide, polyketone, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, mineral fibers, natural fibers, elastomer materials, or mixtures of these materials. Among polyesters, for example, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PBN (polybutylene naphthalate), PPT (polypropylene terephthalate), or PPN (polypropylene naphthalate) may be mentioned. Among polyamides, aliphatic polyamides such as polyamide 4-6, 6, 6-6 (nylon), 11, or 12 may be mentioned, as well as aromatic polyamides such as aramid.

[0040] For example, each filamentary element of the connecting structure is a fabric assembly comprising one or more monofilaments or multifilaments twisted or untwisted together. Thus, in one embodiment, an assembly with fibers substantially parallel to each other can be used. In another embodiment, an assembly with fibers spirally wound (e.g., twisted or overtwisted) can also be used. In yet another embodiment, each filamentary element consists of a monofilament. The diameter of each monofilament or multifilament can range from a few hundredths of a millimeter to a few millimeters, typically between 0.001 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm, and more preferably between 10 μm and 40 μm.

[0041] In a preferred arrangement, each filamentary element of the connecting structure is a multifilament fabric fiber, with the diameter of each fiber constituting the fabric fiber ranging from 0.001 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably from 5 μm to 50 μm, and more preferably from 10 μm to 40 μm. The advantage of such filamentary elements is their greater flexibility compared to monofilamentary elements. Therefore, by bringing the inner surfaces of the first and second braids together, the braided fabric according to the invention, including such filamentary elements, can be stored in a very compact manner. Preferably, in this arrangement, when the sheet is subjected to a compressive load (i.e., a force applied to the sheet perpendicular to its surface and along its direction), the arrangement of the filamentary elements prevents the support itself from maintaining the spacing between the inner surfaces of the two braids. This arrangement is achieved by adjusting the density of the support (expressed as the number of support elements per square meter) and / or by adjusting the flexibility of the support through the yarn count or the chemical properties of the filamentary elements. However, when a filler material is introduced between the two inner surfaces of the sheet material according to the invention, the support does need to have sufficient strength to maintain the spacing between the two inner surfaces of the woven fabric to withstand the pressure generated by the introduction of the filler material, i.e., sufficient tensile strength. This strength can be adjusted by the density and / or toughness and / or chemical properties of the support.

[0042] In another embodiment, each filamentary element of the connecting structure is made of metal, such as a single metal filament or an assembly of single metal filaments, with the diameter of each filament ranging from a few hundredths of a millimeter to a few millimeters, typically between 0.01 mm and 5 mm. In one embodiment, each filamentary element of the connecting structure consists of an assembly of several single metal filaments. In another embodiment, each filamentary element is composed of a single metal filament.

[0043] In one embodiment, as the filaments extend along the length of the filaments, each filament of the connecting structure extends alternately from the first braid toward the second braid and from the second braid toward the first braid.

[0044] In one embodiment, each filamentary element of the connecting structure includes a first filamentary portion for anchoring each filamentary element of the connecting structure in a first braid, extending the support into the first braid.

[0045] Preferably, each first anchoring filament is interlaced with the first braid. The advantage of this assembly is that it can be manufactured in a single stage. However, it is also conceivable to manufacture the sheet according to the invention in two stages: a first stage manufacturing the first braid, and a second stage interlacing one or more filament elements of the connecting structure with the first braid. In both cases, the interlacing of each filament element of the connecting structure with the first braid ensures that each filament element of the connecting structure is mechanically anchored in the first braid, thereby imparting the required mechanical properties to the connecting structure.

[0046] In one embodiment, to ensure mechanical anchoring of the filamentous anchoring portions, each first filamentous anchoring portion is at least partially wrapped around at least one first filamentous element of the first braid.

[0047] Preferably, the first woven fabric comprises:

[0048] • Filament-like elements referred to as warp elements, which are generally parallel to each other and extend along a first direction referred to as the warp direction, which is generally parallel to a first principal direction of the first weave.

[0049] • A filamentous element referred to as a weft element, which is generally parallel to each other and extends along a second direction referred to as the weft direction, and the weft element is interwoven with a filamentous warp element.

[0050] Each first filamentary anchoring portion is at least partially wound around at least one filamentary weft element of the first weave, preferably around at least two adjacent filamentary weft elements in the first main direction of the first weave.

[0051] In one embodiment, the extension direction of each first filamentary anchoring portion is substantially parallel to the first principal direction of the first braid.

[0052] Preferably, each first filamentary anchor portion alternately passes between two adjacent filamentary weft elements from one side of the first braid to the other side of the first braid, and the first filamentary anchor portion wraps around the two first filamentary weft elements.

[0053] Preferably, at least one of the first and second woven fabrics is arranged in a manner that prevents the filling material from penetrating. Thus, the filling material cannot flow through the impermeable woven fabric. Preferably, neither of the two woven fabrics of the sheet material according to the invention is permeable to the filling material.

[0054] Board manufacturing

[0055] In the step of forming the three-dimensional woven portion of the sheet material according to the invention, first filament elements 64, 66 are assembled in a manner to form a first woven fabric 26, and second filament elements 68, 70 are assembled in a manner to form a second woven fabric 28. A carrier element 32, which may be coated with an adhesive composition (preferably a crosslinked composition), is also assembled with the first woven fabric 26 and the second woven fabric 28. In an illustrative embodiment, the first filament elements 64, 66 and the second filament elements 68, 70 are assembled with the carrier element 32 simultaneously in a single step to form the three-dimensional woven portion of the sheet material 24. In another embodiment, the first woven fabric 26 and the second woven fabric 28 are first formed separately, and then the first woven fabric 26 and the second woven fabric 28 are joined using the carrier element 32, which may be coated with an adhesive composition, preferably a crosslinked composition. The steps of forming the woven fabric of the sheet material 24 according to the invention are performed in a manner known to those skilled in the art of weft-knitted fabrics.

[0056] Cement-based foam is then injected through at least one end of the resulting sheet.

[0057] Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the sheet material described herein, the method comprising at least the following steps:

[0058] • A three-dimensional woven fabric is laid on the surface, the three-dimensional woven fabric comprising:

[0059] ○ A first woven fabric includes filamentary elements (C1) called warp elements and filamentary elements (T1) called weft elements. The warp elements are generally parallel to each other and extend in a direction called the warp direction, which constitutes a first principal direction of the first woven fabric. The weft elements are generally parallel to each other and extend in a direction called the weft direction, which constitutes a second principal direction of the first woven fabric. The second principal direction is different from the first principal direction of the first woven fabric.

[0060] ○ The second woven fabric includes filamentary elements (C2) called warp elements and second filamentary elements (T2) called weft elements. The warp elements are generally parallel to each other and extend in a direction called the warp direction, which constitutes a first principal direction of the second woven fabric. The weft elements are generally parallel to each other and extend in a direction called the weft direction, which constitutes a second principal direction of the second woven fabric. The second principal direction is different from the first principal direction of the second woven fabric.

[0061] ○The connecting structure includes n filamentary elements connecting a first braid to a second braid, each filamentary element including at least one filamentary portion called a support member, the support member extending between the first and second braids and connecting the first braid to the second braid, each support member i having a rest length h. i And extending from the attachment point with the first braid to the attachment point with the second braid, the rest length of each support member of the connecting structure is substantially equal to the average rest length of the support members. Furthermore, both the first and second woven fabrics are non-deformable;

[0062] • A filling material, which is cement-based foam, is injected between the inner surfaces of the first and second woven fabrics through at least one end of the sheet material.

[0063] Filler material can be injected in a variety of ways. For example, cement-based foam can be injected through at least one end of the three-dimensional woven fabric using one or more nozzles, with the foam gradually flowing into the three-dimensional woven fabric under the influence of gravity or "driven" by the foam flow.

[0064] Cannulas can also be introduced into three-dimensional woven fabric, and as foam is gradually injected into the fabric, these cannulas will gradually be withdrawn.

[0065] Components

[0066] The present invention also relates to an assembly comprising at least one sheet material according to the invention. An assembly is an assembled entity that can combine any elements comprising at least one sheet material according to the invention. Such an assembly can be, for example, a building structure (but not limited thereto), such as a warehouse, building, house, aircraft, ship, or land vehicle. The assembly can also be a cable tray, pipe, or container. Attached Figure Description

[0067] [ Figure 1 A top view of the plate material according to the present invention.

[0068] [ Figure 2 According to the present invention, the sheet material is in Figure 1 The cross-sectional view shown is on the cross-sectional plane P-P'. Detailed Implementation

[0069] Figure 1 A top view of the plate (10) according to the present invention is depicted. Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the plate (10) is shown. In both figures, the same components are numbered in the same way.

[0070] The first knit 26 includes two longitudinal edges 26A and 26B. The first knit 26 extends along a first principal direction G1, generally parallel to each longitudinal edge 26A, 26B. The first knit 26 includes filamentary elements 64, referred to as warp elements, and filamentary elements 66, referred to as weft elements. The warp elements 64 of the first knit 26 are generally parallel to each other and extend along a direction referred to as the warp direction C1, generally parallel to the first principal direction G1. The weft elements 66 of the first knit 26 are generally parallel to each other and extend along a direction referred to as the weft direction T1, interlacing with the warp elements 64. The warp elements 64 extend continuously along the entire length of the first knit 26.

[0071] Here, each filament element 64, 66 is, for example, a fabric filament element.

[0072] The filamentary elements 64 are substantially all identical. Each filamentary warp element 64 includes a first filamentary member 65 and a second filamentary member 67. The second filamentary member 67 is generally straight and the first filamentary member 65 is generally spirally wound around the second filamentary member 67. Here, the first filamentary member 65 is a multifilamentary strand made of PET with a count of 110 tex, and the second filamentary member 67 is a multifilamentary strand made of rayon with a count of 23 tex.

[0073] Here, the filamentary element 66 includes two filamentary members, the second filamentary member being generally straight and the first filamentary member being generally spirally wound around the second filamentary member. Here, the first filamentary member is a multifilamentary strand made of PET with a count of 110 tex, and the second filamentary member is a multifilamentary strand made of rayon with a count of 23 tex.

[0074] Figure 2 The depicted second knit 28 extends along a first principal direction G2. The second knit 28 includes filamentary elements 68, referred to as warp elements, and filamentary elements 70, referred to as weft elements. The warp elements 68 of the second knit 28 are generally parallel to each other and extend in a direction referred to as the warp direction C2, which is generally parallel to the first principal direction G2 of the second knit. The weft elements 70 of the second knit 28 are generally parallel to each other and extend in a direction referred to as the weft direction T2, which interweaves with the warp elements 68. The warp elements 68 extend continuously along the entire length of the second knit 28.

[0075] Here, each filament element 68, 70 is, for example, a fabric filament element.

[0076] The filamentary elements 68 are essentially all the same, and here they are multifilament strands made of PET with a count of 110 tex.

[0077] The filamentary elements 70 are essentially all the same, and here they are multifilament strands made of PET with a count of 167 tex.

[0078] The sheet material (10) includes a connecting structure comprising filamentary elements connecting a first braid (26) to a second braid (28). Each filamentary element includes at least one filamentary portion (74) referred to as a support, which extends between the first and second braids and connects the first braid to the second braid. As the material moves along the filamentary support element 32, each filamentary element 32 extends alternately from the first braid 26 toward the second braid 28 and from the second braid 28 toward the first braid 26. Here, each support filamentary element 32 is a fabric support filamentary element made of PET with a yarn count of 55 tex.

[0079] Each filament element 32 includes a carrier filament portion 74 extending between the first braid 26 and the second braid 28, particularly between the inner surfaces 42 and 46. Each carrier filament element 32 includes a first filament anchoring portion 76 and a second filament anchoring portion 78, which anchor the carrier filament element 32 in the first braid 26 and the second braid 28, respectively. Each first filament anchoring portion 76 and each second filament anchoring portion 78 extends the carrier portion 74 into each of the first braid 26 and the second braid 28. Each first filament anchoring portion 76 and each second filament anchoring portion 78 interweaves with each of the first braid 26 and the second braid 28. Each first filament anchoring portion 76 and each second filament anchoring portion 78 is at least partially wound around at least one first filament element 64, 66 of the first braid 26 and at least one second filament element 68, 70 of the second braid 28, respectively. In this way, each filamentary anchoring part 76, 78 connects two load-bearing filamentary parts 74 together, and each load-bearing filamentary part 74 connects two filamentary anchoring parts 76, 78 together.

[0080] In this configuration, each first filamentary anchoring portion 76 is at least partially wound around at least one filamentary weft element 66 of the first braid 26, and preferably around at least two adjacent filamentary weft elements 66 along the first principal direction G1 of the first braid. Similarly, each second filamentary anchoring portion 78 is at least partially wound around at least one filamentary weft element 68 of the second braid 28, preferably around at least two adjacent filamentary weft elements 66 along the first principal direction G2 of the second braid.

[0081] Each of the first filamentary anchoring portions 76 and the second filamentary anchoring portions 78 extends in directions substantially parallel to the first principal direction G1 of the first braid and the first principal direction G2 of the second braid, respectively.

[0082] Each first filamentary anchoring portion 76 alternates between surfaces 41 and 42 between two adjacent filamentary weft elements 66, and the first filamentary anchoring portion 76 is wound around these two filamentary weft elements 66. Similarly, each second filamentary anchoring portion 78 alternates between surfaces 46 and 49 between two adjacent filamentary weft elements 68, and the second filamentary anchoring portion 78 is wound around these two filamentary weft elements 68.

Claims

1. Panel comprising: • a first braid comprising filiform elements called warp elements (C1) and filiform elements called weft elements (T1), the warp elements being substantially parallel to one another and extending along a direction called warp direction, the warp direction constituting a first main direction of the first braid, the weft elements being substantially parallel to one another and extending along a direction called weft direction, the weft direction constituting a second main direction of the first braid, the second main direction being different from the first main direction of the first braid; • a second braid comprising filiform elements called warp elements (C2) and second filiform elements called weft elements (T2), the warp elements being substantially parallel to one another and extending along a direction called warp direction, the warp direction constituting a first main direction of the second braid, the weft elements being substantially parallel to one another and extending along a direction called weft direction, the weft direction constituting a second main direction of the second braid, the second main direction being different from the first main direction of the second braid; • a connection structure comprising n filamentary elements connecting the first braid to the second braid, each filamentary element comprising at least one filamentary portion, called a support, extending between the first braid and the second braid and connecting the first braid to the second braid, each support having a rest length h i and extending from an attachment point to the first braid to an attachment point to the second braid; characterized in that the resting length of each support of the connection structure is substantially equal to the average of the resting lengths of the supports m represents the total number of supports of the connection structure, and the first and second weavings are non-deformable, said panel comprising a filler material between the inner surface of the first weaving and the inner surface of the second weaving, said filler material being a cement-based foam, the connection structure itself being unable to support the spacing between the two faces of the panel.

2. The panel of claim 1, wherein, the first braid and the second braid independently of one another comprising a material chosen from the group consisting of: polyesters, polyamides, polyketones, polyurethanes, natural fibers, inorganic fibers and combinations of these materials.

3. The panel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, At least one of the braids comprises a material having flame retardant properties, such material being either a naturally flame-retardant material or a material treated for its flame retardant properties.

4. The panel of claim 1, wherein, Each filiform element of the connection structure is a textile element.

5. The panel of claim 4, wherein, Each filiform element of the connection structure is a multifilament textile fiber, each fiber constituting the textile fiber having a diameter of between 0.001 mm and 0.5 mm.

6. The panel of claim 1, wherein, Each filiform element of the connection structure is a metallic element.

7. The panel of claim 1, wherein, average resting length of the support greater than 8 mm.

8. The panel of claim 1, wherein, At least one of the first braid and the second braid is arranged in such a way as to be impermeable to a filler material.

9. Assembly comprising at least one panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Method for manufacturing a panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising at least the following steps: • laying on a surface a three-dimensional braid comprising: i. a first braid comprising filiform elements called warp elements (C1) and filiform elements called weft elements (T1), the warp elements being substantially parallel to one another and extending along a direction called warp direction, the warp direction constituting a first main direction of the first braid, the weft elements being substantially parallel to one another and extending along a direction called weft direction, the weft direction constituting a second main direction of the first braid, the second main direction being different from the first main direction of the first braid; ii. a second braid comprising filiform elements called warp elements (C2) and second filiform elements called weft elements (T2), the warp elements being substantially parallel to one another and extending along a direction called warp direction, the warp direction constituting a first main direction of the second braid, the weft elements being substantially parallel to one another and extending along a direction called weft direction, the weft direction constituting a second main direction of the second braid, the second main direction being different from the first main direction of the second braid; iii. a connection structure comprising n filamentary elements connecting the first braid to the second braid, each filamentary element comprising at least one filamentary portion called a strut, the strut extending between the first braid and the second braid and connecting the first braid to the second braid, each strut having a rest length hi and extending from an attachment point to the first braid to an attachment point to the second braid, the rest length of each strut of the connection structure being substantially equal to the average of the rest lengths of the struts and the first braid and the second braid are non-deformable; • injecting, through at least one end of the panel, a filling material between the inner surface of the first braid and the inner surface of the second braid, the filling material being a cement-based foam.

Images