A kind of sandwich glass suitable for laser radar built-in and vehicle comprising same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of interlayer glass suitable for laser radar built-in and vehicle comprising it.The interlayer glass includes outer glass plate, thermoplastic intermediate layer and inner glass plate;The outer glass plate has opposite first surface and second surface;The inner glass plate has opposite third surface and fourth surface;At least part of the edge of outer glass plate exceeds inner glass plate, and the excess part is single-layer glass area, and the overlapping part is double-layer glass area;Thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate of double-layer glass area, for bonding second surface and third surface;Laser radar is installed on the second surface of the outer glass plate of single-layer glass area, and its light path only needs to pass through one layer of outer glass plate, and the transmittance of outer glass plate in 800nm-2100nm infrared band is 75%-95%.Further, infrared antireflection film can be arranged in the area covered by the light path of laser radar to improve the transmittance of laser radar 800nm-2100nm infrared band spectrum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of glass products, and more specifically to a laminated glass suitable for use with built-in lidar and a vehicle incorporating the same. Background Technology

[0002] When a lidar is installed on the windshield, the transmittance of the laminated windshield in the 800nm-2100nm infrared band is reduced. The existing solution is to add an anti-reflective coating or use ultra-clear glass on the basis of the ordinary laminated glass thickness combination (2.1 / 0.76 / 2.1).

[0003] The use of anti-reflective coatings or ultra-clear glass can increase the transmittance of the 800nm–2100nm infrared band to some extent. However, for lidar, higher transmittance means more point clouds can be captured, resulting in more accurate images. Therefore, the industry hopes to further improve the transmittance of windshields for lidar in the 800nm–2100nm infrared band. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass suitable for use in lidar, which achieves different nanometer waveband transmittance on the same glass window.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle incorporating the laminated glass.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a laminated glass suitable for use in laser radar, the laminated glass comprising an outer glass plate, a thermoplastic interlayer, and an inner glass plate;

[0008] The outer glass plate has opposing first and second surfaces; the inner glass plate has opposing third and fourth surfaces;

[0009] At least a portion of the outer glass plate extends beyond the inner glass plate, the extended portion being a single-layer glass area and the overlapping portion being a double-layer glass area;

[0010] The thermoplastic interlayer is sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate of the double-layer glass area, and is used to bond the second surface and the third surface.

[0011] The lidar is installed on the second surface of the outer glass plate of the single-layer glass area;

[0012] The outer glass plate has a transmittance of 75% to 95% in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band.

[0013] In this invention, the laminated glass employs a staggered structure design for the inner and outer glass panels. The outer glass panel extends beyond the inner glass panel to form a single-layer glass area, and a lidar is installed on the inner side of this single-layer glass area (the second surface of the outer glass panel). This single-layer glass area lacks a thermoplastic interlayer, allowing the lidar's optical path to pass only through the outer glass panel, resulting in higher transmittance compared to ordinary double-layer glass. Furthermore, it avoids the absorption of the 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum by the thermoplastic interlayer, enabling the lidar to capture more point clouds. This staggered structure also provides interior space for the lidar to be integrated into the windshield. For example, with an inner glass panel thickness of 1.1mm and a thermoplastic interlayer thickness of 0.76mm, space can be saved by 1.1 + 0.76 = 1.86mm.

[0014] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, an infrared antireflective coating is provided on the second surface in the area covered by the lidar optical path.

[0015] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the infrared antireflective film comprises at least one stacked structure arranged in an alternating order of high refractive index layer-low refractive index layer, wherein within the same stacked structure, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer for the 800nm-2100nm infrared band is greater than the refractive index of the low refractive index layer for the 800nm-2100nm infrared band.

[0016] The high refractive index layer is made of materials including Si and NbO. x (Niobium oxide), SiN x (Silicon nitride), ZrO x (Zirconium oxide), TiO x (Oxide of titanium), TiN x (Titanium nitride), MoO x (Molybdenum oxide), TaO x (Oxide of tantalum), HfO x At least one of (hafnium oxides). The material of the low refractive index layer includes SiO2. x (Silicon oxide), MgF x (Magnesium fluoride), AlO x (aluminum oxide), WO3 x (Tungsten oxide), YF x (yttrium fluoride), BaF x At least one of (barium fluoride). Under the same conditions, the transmittance of the region of the outer glass plate with the infrared antireflective coating in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band can be increased by at least 3%.

[0017] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, an infrared reflective film is provided on the second surface of the outer glass plate or the third surface of the inner glass plate, wherein the infrared reflective film does not cover the area covered by the lidar optical path. More preferably, the infrared reflective film is located within the double-layer glass area.

[0018] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the infrared reflective film has a reflective effect on light in the 780nm to 2500nm infrared band, and the area of ​​the laminated glass with the infrared reflective film has a transmittance of less than or equal to 45% in the 780nm to 2500nm infrared band.

[0019] The infrared reflective film can effectively block solar energy from passing through the laminated glass and also prevent the film from reflecting the infrared light of the lidar.

[0020] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the infrared reflective film comprises at least one of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, and a metal oxide layer; the metal layer is selected from at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or molybdenum (Mo); the metal alloy layer is selected from at least one of silver alloys, the silver alloy layer comprising metallic silver and a first doped metal element, the first doped metal element being selected from at least one of copper (Cu), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni); the metal oxide layer is selected from at least one of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin-zinc oxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide.

[0021] For example, when the infrared reflective film includes a silver layer or a silver alloy layer, the silver layer or silver alloy layer is located between at least two dielectric layers, wherein the dielectric layers contain at least one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or titanium metal layer.

[0022] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the double-layer glass area of ​​the laminated glass further includes an electrical connection element, which is electrically connected to the infrared reflective film and is used to heat the infrared reflective film when energized, thereby achieving the function of defrosting and defogging.

[0023] More preferably, the distance between the outer edge of the electrical connection element and the outer edge of the inner glass plate is in the range of 0 to 30 mm.

[0024] The laminated glass of this invention can specifically be used as a windshield for a built-in lidar system. At least a portion of the edge of the outer glass panel extends beyond the inner glass panel to form the single-layer glass area; "exceeding" means that the outer glass panel is larger than the inner glass panel, and the extended portion can be the entire circumference or a portion of the edge. Preferably, at least a portion of one side edge of the outer glass panel extends beyond the inner glass panel to form the single-layer glass area; the extended portion can be the entire side edge of the outer glass panel or a portion of that side edge. When the laminated glass of this invention is used as a windshield, this side edge is preferably located at the top edge of the glass.

[0025] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, in the single-layer glass area, in the direction from the edge of the outer glass plate to the edge of the inner glass plate: the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate to the edge of the inner glass plate is d, the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate to the outer edge of the area covered by the lidar optical path is d1, the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the lidar optical path is d2, and the distance from the inner edge of the area covered by the lidar optical path to the edge of the inner glass plate is d3; preferably, d1 is 10mm to 150mm, d2 is 30mm to 180mm, d3 is 0 to 50mm, and d = d1 + d2 + d3.

[0026] When d3 is 0, the light-transmitting functional area is close to the edge of the inner glass plate; when d3 is not 0, the light-transmitting functional area does not contact the edge of the inner glass plate, and more preferably, they do not contact each other.

[0027] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the horizontal saving amount of the lidar installed in the single-layer glass area is a, a = b / cosθ, where b = total thickness of laminated glass - thickness of outer glass plate, and θ = 90° - installation angle of laminated glass.

[0028] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the area where the optical path of the lidar intersects with the single-layer glass area is S1, and if the lidar is installed in the double-layer glass area, the area where the optical path of the lidar intersects with the double-layer glass area is S2, wherein S1 < S2.

[0029] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the second surface of the outer glass plate is provided with a first shielding layer, the first shielding layer at least covers the transition portion between the single-layer glass area and the double-layer glass area, and the first shielding does not cover the area covered by the lidar optical path.

[0030] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, a second shielding layer is provided on the third or fourth surface of the inner glass panel. The second shielding layer is generally provided around the perimeter, but can also be configured according to actual needs. The shielding layer is used to shield circuits and connecting accessories at the edges of the laminated glass, thereby improving the appearance, protecting interior components, and enhancing local adhesion.

[0031] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the materials of the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer are ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink.

[0032] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the visible light transmittance of the first or second shielding layer is ≤1.5%, and the ultraviolet light transmittance is ≤0.05%.

[0033] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, both the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate are subjected to high-temperature bending forming treatment at at least 500°C.

[0034] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the outer glass plate is transparent glass with a transmittance of 75% to 85% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm, or ultra-clear glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm; more preferably, it is ultra-clear glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm.

[0035] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the inner glass plate is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, and solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%.

[0036] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the thickness of the outer glass plate is 3.2 mm to 5.0 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass plate is 0.5 mm to 1.8 mm. For the outer glass plate, the infrared reflective layer can weaken the glass surface to a certain extent, thereby enabling the laminated glass to meet the relevant requirements of windshields regarding pedestrian collisions.

[0037] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, the inner glass plate is either tempered glass or untempered glass. When the inner glass plate is untempered glass, its thickness is 1.6 mm to 1.8 mm; when the inner glass plate is tempered glass that has undergone special chemical treatment, its thickness is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm, and even more preferably 1.1 mm. This tempered glass contains different metal oxides such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, and magnesium oxide.

[0038] Because the inner glass plate is thinned, under the same processing conditions (semi-tempered, heat-strengthened, etc.), in order to ensure the rigidity of the entire laminated glass assembly, the present invention preferably has an outer glass plate thickness greater than that of the inner glass plate. Preferably, the outer glass plate thickness is 3.2mm to 5.0mm, for example, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm, etc.; more preferably, it is 3.2mm to 4.0mm, for example, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, or 4.0mm; even more preferably, it is 3.5mm.

[0039] Furthermore, to ensure that the stiffness of the entire laminated glass assembly is comparable to that of a single tempered glass pane, the present invention preferably has an outer glass pane with the same thickness as the single tempered glass pane. That is, preferably, the stiffness of the laminated glass is comparable to that of a single tempered glass pane with the same thickness as the outer glass pane in the laminated glass.

[0040] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, by setting a reasonable glass combination, the present invention enables a laminated glass combination of a 3.5mm outer glass plate + a 1.1mm inner glass plate + a 0.76mm intermediate layer to have a strength comparable to that of a single tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5mm, which is superior to conventional laminated glass combinations of 2.6mm outer glass plate + 2.6mm inner glass plate + 0.76mm intermediate layer and 2.1mm outer glass plate + 2.1mm inner glass plate + 0.76mm intermediate layer.

[0041] In the laminated glass of the present invention, a thermoplastic interlayer is sandwiched between the outer and inner glass plates of the double-glazed area, serving to bond the second and third surfaces of this portion. The thermoplastic interlayer can be a single layer or two or more layers. The thermoplastic interlayer may also have other functions; for example, it may comprise at least two layers, one of which has a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation, or one of which is wedge-shaped to provide a head-up display (HUD) function, etc.

[0042] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer is 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, for example: 0.38 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.9 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.76 mm), 1.52 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.38 mm), etc., more preferably 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm, and even more preferably 0.76 mm.

[0043] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, preferably, the material of the thermoplastic interlayer is selected from polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), ionomer film (SGP), etc., and more preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with visible light transmittance >70%.

[0044] Although the absorption rates of thermoplastic interlayers made of different materials vary in the 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum, the outer and inner glass plates of this invention adopt a staggered structure, and no thermoplastic interlayer is provided in the single-layer glass area, which can avoid the absorption of the 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum by the thermoplastic interlayer.

[0045] According to the laminated glass of the present invention, the thermoplastic interlayer may also be a special material with rigidity function. Preferably, the thermoplastic interlayer is a HiR film or an EVA film with rigidity function.

[0046] HiR diaphragms offer 40%–70% higher rigidity than ordinary diaphragms, with the increase in rigidity becoming more pronounced as the outer and inner glass panels thinner. High-strength EVA diaphragms, containing 5%–40% vinyl acetate (VA), exhibit high transparency, good flexibility, strong impact resistance, filler compatibility, and excellent heat-sealing performance. Primarily thermosetting, these diaphragms utilize cross-linking agents (peroxides) that decompose at high temperatures to generate free radicals, triggering a series of cross-linking reactions that transform the linear EVA molecules into a network structure. High-strength diaphragms offer 3–4 times better adhesion than ordinary diaphragms. Under the same conditions, high-strength diaphragms provide superior sound insulation; within the most sensitive sound frequency range of 1000Hz–3000Hz, the sound transmission loss of high-strength diaphragms is significantly higher than that of ordinary diaphragms.

[0047] The laminated glass of this invention features a staggered structure design, where at least a portion of the outer glass panel extends beyond the inner glass panel to form a single-layer glass area. A lidar is installed inside this single-layer glass area. This single-layer glass area lacks a thermoplastic interlayer, allowing the lidar's optical path to pass through only the outer glass panel, resulting in higher transmittance compared to ordinary double-layer glass. Furthermore, it avoids the absorption of the lidar's 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum by the thermoplastic interlayer, enabling the lidar to capture more point clouds. This staggered structure also provides interior space for the lidar to be integrated into the windshield. An infrared anti-reflective coating is applied to the area covered by the lidar's optical path to further improve the transmittance of the lidar's 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum. An infrared reflective film can also be applied to the double-layer glass area, providing both heat insulation and preventing reflection of the lidar's 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum. Furthermore, the present invention takes into account the strength of the laminated glass assembly, and preferably uses the thickness combination of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate. The material of the thermoplastic interlayer is preferably a special material with rigidity to further improve rigidity, sound insulation performance, etc.

[0048] Another aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle comprising any of the laminated glass described above and a lidar mounted on the laminated glass. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glass suitable for use in a lidar system, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a front view of the laminated glass in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glass suitable for use with a built-in lidar in another preferred embodiment.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the installation of lidar in this invention and conventional techniques.

[0053] Figure 5 Scatter plots showing the deformation of various laminated glass combinations after impact.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the bonding performance of modified EVA and standard PVB films.

[0055] Figure 7 A comparison of sound transmission loss in laminated glass composed of modified EVA and standard PVB films.

[0056] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0057] 1-Outer glass panel, 11-First surface, 12-Second surface;

[0058] 2-Thermoplastic interlayer;

[0059] 3-Inner glass plate, 31-Third surface, 32-Fourth surface;

[0060] 41 - First shielding layer, 42 - Second shielding layer;

[0061] 5-Infrared reflective film;

[0062] 6-Infrared antireflective coating;

[0063] 7- LiDAR;

[0064] 8-Top edge busbar position;

[0065] 9-Staff. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the following description, in conjunction with preferred embodiments, further clarifies the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific descriptions below are illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] The laminated glass of this invention employs a staggered structure design of inner and outer glass plates. The outer glass plate extends beyond the inner glass plate to form a single-layer glass area, and a lidar is installed inside this single-layer glass area. This single-layer glass area lacks a thermoplastic interlayer, allowing the lidar's optical path to pass through only the outer glass plate, resulting in higher transmittance compared to ordinary double-layer glass. Furthermore, it avoids the absorption of the lidar's 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum by the thermoplastic interlayer, enabling the lidar to capture more point clouds. This staggered structure also provides interior space for the lidar to be integrated into the windshield. An infrared anti-reflective coating is applied to the area covered by the lidar's optical path to further improve the transmittance of the lidar's 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum. This invention, through its staggered structural design and the use of different materials, achieves different nanometer-band transmittance on the same glass window.

[0068] This invention provides a laminated glass suitable for integration into lidar systems. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the laminated glass includes an outer glass plate 1, a thermoplastic interlayer 2, and an inner glass plate 3;

[0069] The outer glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other; the inner glass plate 3 has a third surface 31 and a fourth surface 32 opposite to each other.

[0070] At least a portion of the outer glass plate 1 extends beyond the inner glass plate 3, the extended portion being a single-layer glass area and the overlapping portion being a double-layer glass area; the lidar 7 is mounted on the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 1 in the single-layer glass area; the outer glass plate 1 has a transmittance of 75% to 95% in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared band.

[0071] In the laminated glass of this invention, the inner and outer glass plates adopt a staggered structure design. The outer glass plate 1 extends beyond the inner glass plate 3 to form a single-layer glass area, and a lidar is installed on the inner side of the single-layer glass area (the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 1). This single-layer glass area does not have a thermoplastic interlayer 2, so the lidar's optical path only needs to pass through one layer of the outer glass plate 1, resulting in higher transmittance compared to ordinary double-layer glass. Furthermore, it avoids the absorption of the 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum by the thermoplastic interlayer 2, enabling the lidar to capture more point clouds. This staggered structure also provides interior space for the lidar to be integrated into the windshield. For example, if the inner glass plate thickness is 1.1mm and the thermoplastic interlayer 2 thickness is 0.76mm, then space can be saved by 1.1 + 0.76 = 1.86mm.

[0072] The laminated glass of the present invention can specifically be used as a windshield, wherein at least a portion of the edge of the outer glass panel 1 extends beyond the inner glass panel 3 to form the single-layer glass area; extending means that the outer glass panel 1 is larger than the inner glass panel 3, and the extended portion can be the entire circumference or a portion of the edge. Figure 1 As shown, at least a portion of one side edge of the outer glass panel 1 extends beyond the inner glass panel 3 to form the single-layer glass area. The extended portion can be the entire side edge of the outer glass panel 1 or a portion of that side edge. When the laminated glass of the present invention is used as a windshield, this side edge is preferably located at the top edge of the glass, i.e., the lidar is installed at the top edge of the windshield.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, in the area covered by the lidar optical path, an infrared antireflective film 6 can be further disposed on the second surface 12 to further improve the transmittance of the lidar's 800nm-2100nm infrared spectrum. Preferably, the transmittance of the area of ​​the outer glass plate 1 with the infrared antireflective film 6 in the 800nm-2100nm infrared band is increased by at least 3%. The infrared antireflective film 6 at least completely covers the area covered by the lidar optical path. In some further preferred embodiments, the infrared antireflective film 6 completely covers the entire monolithic glass area, but is not located within the double-glass area. The infrared antireflective film 6 can be formed directly on the glass surface, or it can be disposed on a substrate (e.g., a transparent PET substrate) and adhered to the glass surface by adhesive. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0074] The infrared antireflective coating 6 comprises at least one stacked structure arranged in an alternating sequence of a high-refractive-index layer and a low-refractive-index layer. Within the same stacked structure, the refractive index of the high-refractive-index layer for the 800nm–2100nm infrared band is greater than that of the low-refractive-index layer for the same band. For example, it may include a first high-refractive-index layer, a first low-refractive-index layer, a second high-refractive-index layer, and a second low-refractive-index layer stacked sequentially. The high-refractive-index layer is made of materials such as Si or NbO. x (Niobium oxide), SiN x (Silicon nitride), ZrO x (Zirconium oxide), TiO x (Oxide of titanium), TiN x (Titanium nitride), MoO x (Molybdenum oxide), TaO x (Oxide of tantalum), HfO x At least one of (hafnium oxides). The material of the low refractive index layer includes SiO2. x (Silicon oxide), MgF x (Magnesium fluoride), AlO x (aluminum oxide), WO3 x (Tungsten oxide), YF x (yttrium fluoride), BaF x At least one of (barium fluoride). Under the same conditions, the infrared antireflective coating 6 can increase the transmittance of the area of ​​the outer glass plate where the infrared antireflective coating is provided by at least 3% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm.

[0075] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, an infrared reflective film is provided on the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 1 or the third surface 31 of the inner glass plate 3, wherein the infrared reflective film does not cover the area covered by the lidar optical path.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, within the double-glazed area, an infrared reflective film 5 is provided on the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 1 to effectively block solar energy from passing through the laminated glass, thus providing heat insulation. This metallic film also prevents the reflection of the 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum of the lidar. The infrared reflective film 5 reflects light in the 780nm–2500nm infrared band, and the transmittance of the area of ​​the laminated glass with the infrared reflective film 5 in the 780nm–2500nm infrared band is less than or equal to 45%.

[0077] The infrared reflective film 5 includes at least one layer selected from a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, and a metal oxide layer. The metal layer is made of at least one material selected from gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or molybdenum (Mo). The metal alloy layer is made of at least one material selected from a silver alloy, and the silver alloy layer contains metallic silver and a first doped metal element selected from at least one material selected from copper (Cu), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni). The metal oxide layer is made of at least one material selected from indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin-zinc oxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide. For example, when the infrared reflective film 5 includes a silver layer or a silver alloy layer, the silver layer or silver alloy layer is located between at least two dielectric layers, and the dielectric layers contain at least one material selected from zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or titanium metal layers.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the double-layer glass area of ​​the laminated glass further includes an electrical connection element, which is electrically connected to the infrared reflective film 5 and is used to heat the infrared reflective film 5 when energized, thereby achieving a defrosting and defogging function. More preferably, the distance between the outer edge of the electrical connection element and the outer edge of the inner glass plate 3 ranges from 0 to 30 mm.

[0079] Electrical connection elements can be symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the glass, or on the top and bottom sides of the glass. Taking the busbars arranged on the top and bottom sides of the glass as an example, the infrared reflective film 5 is arranged on the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 1 or the third surface 31 of the inner glass plate 3. Figure 3 As shown, when the busbar is arranged on the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate, it can cover the edge of the infrared reflective film 5 and form an electrical connection with the infrared reflective film 5. The busbar can be covered by ink. The position of the top busbar 8 is preferably selected from the top edge of the outer glass plate 1 by (10+d) mm, and the position of the bottom busbar is preferably selected from the bottom edge of the outer glass plate 1 by 10 mm. When the busbar is on the third surface 31 of the inner glass plate 3, the position of the busbar is such that it can cover the edge of the infrared reflective film 5 and form an electrical connection with the infrared reflective film 5. The busbar can be covered by ink. The positions of the top and bottom busbars are preferably selected from the edge of the inner glass plate by 10 mm.

[0080] In the single-layer glass area, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the second surface 12 of the outer glass plate 1 is provided with a first shielding layer 41. The first shielding layer 41 covers at least the transition area between the single-layer glass area and the double-layer glass area, and the first shielding layer 41 does not cover the area a covered by the lidar optical path. Since the first shielding layer 41 avoids the area covered by the lidar optical path, it can ensure that the 800nm~2100nm infrared spectrum of the lidar can pass through the single-layer outer glass plate 1 in this area.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, more preferably, a second shielding layer 42 is provided on the third surface 31 or the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass panel 3. The second shielding layer 42 is generally provided around the perimeter, but it can also be determined according to actual needs. The shielding layer is used to shield the circuits and connecting accessories at the edge of the laminated glass, thereby improving the appearance, protecting the components inside the vehicle, and improving local adhesion.

[0082] The material of the first shielding layer 41 or the second shielding layer 42 is ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink, with a visible light transmittance ≤1.5% and an ultraviolet light transmittance ≤0.05%.

[0083] In the single-layer glass area, such as Figure 1 As shown, in the direction from the edge of the outer glass plate 1 to the edge of the inner glass plate 3: the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate 1 to the edge of the inner glass plate 3 is d, the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate 1 to the outer edge of the laser radar's optical path is d1, the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the area a covered by the laser radar's optical path is d2, and the distance from the inner edge of the area a covered by the laser radar's optical path to the edge of the inner glass plate 3 is d3; preferably, d1 is 10mm to 150mm, d2 is 30mm to 180mm, d3 is 0 to 50mm, and d = d1 + d2 + d3.

[0084] When d3 is 0, the light-transmitting functional area is close to the edge of the inner glass plate 3; when d3 is not 0, the light-transmitting functional area does not contact the edge of the inner glass plate 3, and more preferably, they do not contact each other.

[0085] In this invention, the laminated glass is used in a vehicle to install a lidar system. The horizontal saving amount of the lidar when installed in the single-layer glass area is 'a', where a = b / cosθ, b = total thickness of the laminated glass - thickness of the outer glass panel, and θ = 90° - the installation angle of the laminated glass. Furthermore, preferably, the area where the lidar's optical path intersects with the single-layer glass area is S1. If the lidar is installed in the double-layer glass area, the area where the lidar's optical path intersects with the double-layer glass area is S2, where S1 < S2.

[0086] like Figure 4As shown, the light-colored area on the right indicates the installation position of the conventional LiDAR 7 (example uses bracket 9 for fixed installation), while the dark-colored area on the left indicates the installation position of the LiDAR 7 in this invention. Figure 4 It can be seen that when the total thickness of the laminated glass is reduced by b, the interior space saved in the X-axis direction of the vehicle coordinate system is a, cosθ=b / a, then a=b / cosθ, where b=total thickness of laminated glass - thickness of outer glass panel, and θ=(90° - glass mounting angle). Furthermore, from Figure 4 It is known that the installation of a typical lidar 7 is parallel to the vehicle's X-axis. Therefore, when the same lidar (same optical path) is moved along the X-axis due to the reduction in glass thickness, assuming the intersection area between the original lidar optical path and the glass is S2, the intersection area between the new optical path and the glass is S1. It can be seen that S1 < S2. Therefore, the area of ​​the lidar window on the glass surface can be reduced, thereby reducing the color difference or cost impact caused by the special treatment of this window.

[0087] In the laminated glass of the present invention, both the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 are subjected to high-temperature bending forming treatment at at least 500°C.

[0088] The outer glass plate 1 is a transparent glass with a transmittance of 75% to 85% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm, or an ultra-white glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm; more preferably, it is an ultra-white glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared band of 800nm ​​to 2100nm.

[0089] The inner glass plate 3 is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, and solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%.

[0090] The outer glass panel 1 has a thickness of 3.2mm to 5.0mm, and the inner glass panel 3 has a thickness of 0.5mm to 1.8mm. For the outer glass panel 1, the infrared reflective layer can weaken the glass surface to a certain extent, thereby enabling the laminated glass to meet the relevant requirements for pedestrian collisions in windshields.

[0091] The inner glass plate 3 is either tempered glass or non-tempered glass. When the inner glass plate 3 is non-tempered glass, the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 1.6mm to 1.8mm. When the inner glass plate 3 is tempered glass that has undergone special chemical treatment, the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 0.5mm to 1.5mm, more preferably 0.5mm to 1.3mm, and even more preferably 1.1mm.

[0092] Because the inner glass plate 3 is thinned, under the same process conditions (semi-tempered, heat-strengthened, etc.), in order to ensure the rigidity of the entire laminated glass assembly, the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is preferably greater than the thickness of the inner glass plate 3. Preferably, the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is 3.2mm to 5.0mm, for example, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm, etc.; more preferably, it is 3.2mm to 4.0mm, for example, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, or 4.0mm; even more preferably, it is 3.5mm.

[0093] Furthermore, to ensure that the stiffness of the entire laminated glass assembly is comparable to that of a single tempered glass pane, the present invention preferably has the same thickness as the single tempered glass pane. For example, as Figure 5 As shown, this invention, through the setting of a reasonable glass combination, achieves a laminated glass combination of a 3.5mm outer glass plate 1 + a 1.1mm inner glass plate 3 + a 0.76mm intermediate layer ( Figure 5 The formula L = 3.5 + 1.1 + 0.76 can be used with a single piece of tempered glass with a thickness of 3.5 mm. Figure 5 The strength of the glass with T=3.5 is comparable to that of conventional laminated glass combinations of 2.6mm outer glass 1 + 2.6mm inner glass 3 + 0.76mm intermediate layer ( Figure 5 The structure consists of L = 2.6 + 2.6 + 0.76 mm and an outer glass plate of 2.1 mm + an inner glass plate of 2.1 mm + an intermediate layer of 0.76 mm. Figure 5 In this context, L = 2.1 + 2.1 + 0.76.

[0094] like Figure 1 As shown, the thermoplastic interlayer 2 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 in the double-glazed area, and is used to bond the second surface 12 and the third surface 31 of this part. This thermoplastic interlayer 2 is not provided in the single-glazed area.

[0095] The thermoplastic interlayer 2 can be a single layer or two or more layers. The thermoplastic interlayer 2 can also have other functions, such as including at least two layers, one of which has a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation, or one of which is wedge-shaped to provide a head-up display (HUD) function, etc.

[0096] The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 is 0.3mm to 2.3mm, for example: 0.38mm, 0.51mm, 0.76mm, 1.9mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76mm, 0.38mm and 0.76mm), 1.52mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76mm, 0.38mm and 0.38mm), etc., more preferably 0.38mm or 0.76mm, and even more preferably 0.76mm.

[0097] The thermoplastic interlayer 2 is made of materials selected from polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), ionomer film (SGP), etc., and more preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with a visible light transmittance >70%. Although the absorption rates of thermoplastic interlayers 2 made of different materials in the 800nm-2100nm infrared spectrum are different, the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 of the present invention adopt a staggered structure, and the thermoplastic interlayer 2 is not provided in the single-layer glass area, which can avoid the absorption of the 800nm-2100nm infrared spectrum by the thermoplastic interlayer 2.

[0098] The thermoplastic interlayer 2 is preferably made of a special material with rigid properties. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic interlayer 2 can also be modified EVA with high strength and high sound insulation performance. The vinyl acetate (VA) content in the modified EVA is 5% to 40%. The linear ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is cross-linked to form a network structure through a cross-linking agent, thereby obtaining the modified EVA with significantly improved strength, high temperature creep resistance, water resistance, and sound insulation. Figure 6 It can be seen that the modified EVA film has 3 to 4 times better adhesion than the standard PVB film. For example... Figure 7 It is known that modified EVA films have better sound insulation performance than standard PVB films, especially in the range of 1600Hz to 3250Hz, the sound frequencies most sensitive to the human ear. Laminated glass formed by two 3mm thick glass plates and a 0.8mm thick modified EVA has a sound transmission loss of at least 42dB.

[0099] exist Figure 7 In this context, FL3 / EVA0.8 / FL3 represents a glass plate, modified EVA, and another glass plate stacked sequentially, where FL3 represents a 3mm thick glass plate and EVA0.8 represents a 0.8mm thick modified EVA. FL3 / PVB0.8 / FL3 represents a glass plate, standard PVB, and another glass plate stacked sequentially, where FL3 represents a 3mm thick glass plate and PVB0.8 represents a 0.8mm thick standard PVB. FL6 represents a 6mm thick glass plate.

[0100] The laminated glass of this invention features a staggered structure design, where at least a portion of the outer glass panel 1 extends beyond the inner glass panel 3 to form a single-layer glass area. A lidar is installed inside this single-layer glass area. This single-layer glass area lacks a thermoplastic interlayer 2, allowing the lidar's optical path to pass through only the outer glass panel 1, resulting in higher transmittance compared to ordinary double-layer glass. Furthermore, it avoids the absorption of the lidar's 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum by the thermoplastic interlayer 2, enabling the lidar to capture more point clouds. This staggered structure also provides interior space for the lidar to be integrated into the windshield. An infrared anti-reflective coating 6 is applied to the area covered by the lidar's optical path to further improve the transmittance of the lidar's 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum. An infrared reflective film 5 can also be applied to the double-layer glass area, providing both heat insulation and preventing reflection of the lidar's 800nm–2100nm infrared spectrum. Furthermore, the present invention also takes into account the strength of the laminated glass assembly, and preferably uses the thickness combination of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3. The material of the thermoplastic interlayer 2 is preferably a special material with rigidity function, so as to further improve rigidity, sound insulation performance, etc.

[0101] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laminated glass suitable for use in a lidar built-in, wherein, The laminated glass comprises an outer glass sheet, a thermoplastic interlayer and an inner glass sheet; The outer glass sheet has opposite first and second surfaces; the inner glass sheet has opposite third and fourth surfaces; At least part of the side edge of the outer glass sheet beyond the inner glass sheet is a single-layer glass region, and the overlapping part is a double-layer glass region; The thermoplastic interlayer is arranged between the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet of the double-layer glass region, and is used for bonding the second surface and the third surface; The laser radar is mounted on the second surface of the outer glass sheet of the single-layer glass region; The transmittance of the outer glass sheet in the infrared waveband of 800 nm to 2100 nm is 75% to 95%; The thickness of the outer glass sheet is 3.2 mm to 5.0 mm.

2. Laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein An infrared anti-reflection film is arranged on the second surface in the area covered by the laser radar light path.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein, The transmittance of the area of the outer glass sheet provided with the infrared anti-reflection film in the infrared waveband of 800 nm to 2100 nm is increased by at least 3%.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein, The infrared anti-reflection film comprises at least one stack structure arranged alternately in the order of high refractive index layer-low refractive index layer, and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer to the infrared waveband of 800 nm to 2100 nm is greater than that of the low refractive index layer to the infrared waveband of 800 nm to 2100 nm.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein An infrared reflection film is arranged on the second surface of the outer glass sheet or the third surface of the inner glass sheet, and the infrared reflection film does not cover the area covered by the laser radar light path.

6. Laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein The infrared reflection film is located in the double-layer glass region.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein The infrared reflection film has a reflection effect on light in the infrared waveband of 780 nm to 2500 nm, and the transmittance of the area of the laminated glass provided with the infrared reflection film in the infrared waveband of 780 nm to 2500 nm is less than or equal to 45%.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein, The infrared reflection film comprises at least one of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer and a metal oxide layer; The metal layer is made of at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum or molybdenum; The metal alloy layer is made of at least one of silver alloys; The metal oxide layer is made of at least one of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, tin zinc oxide and antimony-doped tin oxide.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 5, wherein, The double-layer glass region of the laminated glass further comprises an electrical connection element, the electrical connection element is electrically connected with the infrared reflection film, and is used for heating the infrared reflection film when powered on.

10. Laminated glass according to claim 9, wherein The spacing between the outer edge of the electrical connection element and the outer edge of the inner glass sheet ranges from 0 to 30 mm.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein In the single-layer glass area, from the edge of the outer glass sheet to the edge of the inner glass sheet in the direction: the distance from the edge of the outer glass sheet to the edge of the inner glass sheet is d, the distance from the edge of the outer glass sheet to the outer edge of the area covered by the laser radar light path is d1, the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the area covered by the laser radar light path is d2, and the distance from the inner edge of the area covered by the laser radar light path to the edge of the inner glass sheet is d3; wherein d1 is 10 mm to 150 mm, d2 is 30 mm to 180 mm, d3 is 0 to 50 mm, and d = d1+d2+d3.

12. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The horizontal direction saving amount of the laser radar mounted to the single-layer glass area is a, then a = b / cosθ, wherein b = total thickness of the laminated glass - thickness of the outer glass sheet, and θ = 90° - installation angle of the laminated glass.

13. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The area intersected by the light path of the laser radar and the single-layer glass area is S1, and if the laser radar is mounted to the double-layer glass area, the area intersected by the light path of the laser radar and the double-layer glass area is S2, wherein S1 < S2.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The second surface of the outer glass sheet is provided with a first shielding layer, the first shielding layer covers at least the part where the single-layer glass area and the double-layer glass area transition, and the first shielding does not cover the area covered by the laser radar light path.

15. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The third surface or the fourth surface of the inner glass sheet is provided with a second shielding layer.

16. Laminated glass according to claim 14 or 15, wherein The material of the first shielding layer or the second shielding layer is ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink. The visible light transmittance of the first shielding layer or the second shielding layer is ≤1.5%, and the ultraviolet transmittance is ≤0.05%.

17. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The outer glass sheet is transparent glass with a transmittance of 75% to 85% in the infrared waveband of 800 nm to 2100 nm, or super white glass with a transmittance of 85% to 95% in the infrared waveband of 800 nm to 2100 nm.

18. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the inner glass sheet is 0.5 mm to 1.8 mm.

19. The laminated glass according to claim 14, wherein, The inner glass sheet is strengthened glass or non-strengthened glass, when the inner glass sheet is non-strengthened glass, the thickness of the inner glass sheet is 1.6 mm to 1.8 mm; when the inner glass sheet is strengthened glass, the thickness of the inner glass sheet is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.

20. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer is 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm.

21. A vehicle comprising the laminated glass of any one of claims 1-20 and a laser radar mounted to the laminated glass.

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