A device for loosening and water-permeable improvement of saline-alkali land soil

Abstract

The present invention relates to the fields of agricultural machinery and engineering machinery, and in particular to a device for loosening and improving the permeability of saline-alkali soil, comprising a traction frame (1), a depth-limiting wheel (6), a frame (7), a transmission system (2), a picking device (3), a straw forming and injection device (4), and a deep loosening and furrowing device (5); the present invention can complete the steps of straw picking, furrow forming, straw forming and injection at one time, and provides an integrated and efficient solution for saline-alkali soil improvement. The single link body in the present invention is spliced ​​together by multiple parts. This design avoids the complicated bending process of long materials, because the bending process of long materials is usually more difficult. In addition, the splicing method of multiple parts also makes it more convenient to replace damaged parts without replacing the entire link body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of agricultural machinery and engineering machinery, and in particular to a device for loosening and improving the water permeability of saline-alkali land soil. Background Art

[0002] At present, the most common way to improve saline-alkali land is deep loosening combined with deep application of organic materials (such as rice husks, straw, and organic fertilizers). Deep loosening can loosen the soil, increase soil voids, and promote water infiltration. However, deep loosening has poor durability, so deep application of organic materials is required as water transport materials to increase durability and after-effects. However, the current method of deep application of organic materials has problems: the operating depth is not enough to break through the soil layer; the organic materials have poor fluidity and cannot be filled to the specified depth; and organic materials (rice husks, organic fertilizers) are difficult to obtain. These problems seriously limit the effect and efficiency of saline-alkali land improvement.

[0003] Existing relevant patents, such as invention patent 202110700370.6 "Combined machine for deep burial of strip straw crushing and shallow burial of organic fertilizer crushing", utility model patent 201821203762.1 "A rice husk deep loosening machine", and invention patent 201610418091.X "A wind-injected straw deep return drum plow", have contributed to the improvement of black soil and white soil to a certain extent, but are not specifically designed for saline-alkali land. Therefore, there are still many problems in the improvement of saline-alkali land.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the above problems, there is an urgent need for a device specifically used for loosening and water-permeable improvement of saline-alkali land soil. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a device for loosening and permeable improvement of saline-alkali land soil, which is specially designed for the improvement of heavy soda saline-alkali soil and meets the needs of specific soil types; it can directly pick up long materials without crushing, thereby saving energy consumption; using the innovative "V"-shaped cutting all-round deep loosening method and bulldozer trench forming technology, the trenching depth can reach 40cm, which exceeds the trenching depth of common equipment, causes little disturbance to the soil, does not destroy the soil layer structure, and maintains the original structure of the soil; it has strong permeability and a long after-effect time.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A device for loosening and improving saline-alkali soil permeability, comprising a traction frame 1, a depth-limiting wheel 6, and a frame 7. The traction frame 1 is located at the front end of the device and connected to the frame 7. Side plates are provided on both sides of the frame 7. The device also includes a transmission system 2, a picking device 3, a straw shaping and injection device 4, and a deep loosening and furrowing device 5.

[0008] The picking device 3 is located at the rear of the traction frame 1, and the picking device 3 includes a front axle 3011, a rear axle 3012, a rear axle sprocket 302, a third chain 303, a chain guard 304, a chain link 305 and a front axle sprocket 306;

[0009] The front axle 3011 is arranged at the lower end in front of the frame 7 through a bearing support;

[0010] The rear axle 3012 is higher than the front axle 3011;

[0011] Two sets of front axle sprockets 306 are arranged on the front axle 3011, two sets of rear axle sprockets 302 are arranged on the rear axle 3012, and two third chains 303 are respectively sleeved on the front axle sprockets 306 and the rear axle sprockets 302 on each side;

[0012] The chain link 305 is located between the two third chains 303 and is formed by splicing. The picking device 3 is provided with a plurality of chain links 305 , and each pair of pins of the third chain 303 corresponds to a chain link 305 ;

[0013] The chain link 305 includes a bolt 3051, a washer 3052, a picking spring tooth 3053, an edge clip 3054, a long pin 3055, a chain link block 3056 and a middle clip 3057;

[0014] The link block 3056 is manufactured by bending and welding sheet metal. It has a recessed portion for accommodating the pickup spring tine 3053, and two horizontal portions located on either side of the recessed portion for mounting the edge clips 3054 and the middle clip 3057. Two long slots parallel to the axis are provided on the left and right side walls of the recessed portion near the left and right edges for mounting the long pin 3055.

[0015] The bottom of the link block 3056 has two symmetrical mounting holes. The two ends of the long pin 3055 are respectively inserted into the long slots of the adjacent link blocks 3056. In this way, multiple link blocks 3056 are connected in series through multiple long pins 3055. The outermost link block 3056 is connected to the pin of the third chain 303 through the long pin 3055 extending from the outer end.

[0016] The middle clip 3057 is installed in the gap between every two spliced ​​chain link blocks 3056;

[0017] Edge clips 3054 are mounted on the outer ends of the two outermost link blocks 3056;

[0018] The bolt 3051 passes through the washer 3052 and then through the mounting ring at the bottom of the pickup spring tooth 3053. It is detachably mounted on the bottom of the chain link block 3056. Each chain link block 3056 is mounted with a pickup spring tooth 3053 in this manner.

[0019] The transmission system 2 is located in front of the frame 7 and behind the traction frame 1;

[0020] The transmission system 2 includes a reducer 201, a first transmission shaft 202, a first bearing support 203, a first sprocket 204, a first chain 205, a double-row sprocket 206, a second transmission shaft 207, a second bearing support 208, a second chain 209, a third sprocket 210, a third bearing support 211, a third transmission shaft 212, and a coupling 213;

[0021] The reducer 201 is fixed to the front crossbeam of the frame 7 by bolts and is located above the picking equipment 3. The reducer 201 has a gear set inside.

[0022] The speed reducer 201 has an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is connected to the rear PTO of the tractor via a universal coupling, and the output end is connected to the first transmission shaft 202;

[0023] The first bearing support 203 is fixed to the upper front end of the left side beam of the frame 7 by bolts; the second bearing support 208 is fixed to the upper middle end of the left side beam of the frame 7 by bolts; the third bearing support 211 is fixed to the lower tail end of the left side beam of the frame 7 by bolts;

[0024] The first transmission shaft 202 is fixed to the front end of the frame 7 through the first bearing support 203, and the first sprocket 204 is installed through the outer end of the first bearing support 203;

[0025] The second transmission shaft 207 is fixed to the middle of the frame 7 through the second bearing support 208, and the double-row sprocket 206 is installed on the outer end passing through the second bearing support 208, and the coupling 213 is installed on the inner end;

[0026] The second transmission shaft 207 is connected to the rear axle 3012 via a coupling 213;

[0027] The third transmission shaft 212 is fixed to the rear end of the frame 7 through the third bearing support 211; the third transmission shaft 212 passes through the third bearing support 211 and is provided with a third sprocket 210 at its outer end and a first bevel gear 4041 at its inner end;

[0028] The first chain 205 is arranged between the first sprocket 204 and the double-row sprocket 206 , and the second chain 209 is arranged between the double-row sprocket 206 and the third sprocket 210 ;

[0029] The straw shaping and injection device 4 is located in the middle and rear part of the entire machine and is fixedly connected to the left and right side plates of the frame 7;

[0030] The straw shaping and injection device 4 includes: a collecting device 401, an extrusion bin frame 402, an extrusion part 403 and a transmission part 404;

[0031] The collecting device 401 is located at the top of the straw forming and injecting device 4 and is arranged above the extrusion bin frame 402;

[0032] The extrusion bin frame 402 is located below the collecting device 401 and above the deep loosening and ditching device 5 and the depth-limiting wheel 6, and is fixedly connected to the frame 7 on both sides;

[0033] The pressing chamber frame 402 includes a front frame 4021, an extension beam 4022, a bottom frame 4023, a pressing chamber 4024 and a rear cover 4025;

[0034] The front frame 4021 is located at the front end of the extrusion bin frame 402. The crossbeam of the front frame 4021 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the collecting device 401. The two longitudinal beams of the front frame 4021 are each equipped with a depth-limiting wheel 6.

[0035] The bottom frame 4023 is located at the bottom of the extrusion chamber frame 402 and is parallel to the ground. It is fixed to the two longitudinal beams of the front frame 4021 and is also fixed to the upper part of the front "V"-shaped cutting blade of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5.

[0036] The extrusion chamber 4024 is located at the rear of the extrusion chamber frame 402, at a 45-degree angle to the ground. It is a rectangular parallelepiped frame formed by connecting 12 profiles. The front and rear sides of the extrusion chamber 4024 are respectively provided with a front cover plate and a rear cover plate 4025. The rear cover plate 4025 has four pre-opened holes. The upper end of the extrusion chamber 4024 corresponds to the lower end of the collection device 401.

[0037] The extrusion bin frame 402 is fixedly connected to the frame 7 via extension beams 4022 provided on both sides of the extrusion bin frame 402;

[0038] The squeezing part 403 is located in the squeezing chamber 4024 and includes: a first upper squeezing roller 4031 , a second upper squeezing roller 4034 , a first lower squeezing roller 4032 and a second lower squeezing roller 4033 ;

[0039] The first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 are arranged in parallel and supported on the rear cover plate 4025 via bearings, with their rear ends extending through the rear cover plate 4025. The first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 are made of metal and rubber, respectively. Each roller has eight reinforcing ribs extending outward for a certain length. The gap between the first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 is 10-12 cm.

[0040] The first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 are arranged in parallel and supported on the rear cover plate 4025 via a bearing. The rear ends of the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 extend through the rear cover plate 4025. The first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 are made of metal and rubber, respectively. Four reinforcing ribs are provided inside the first and second lower squeezing rollers, each extending outward for a certain length. A gap of 8-10 cm is provided between the first and second lower squeezing rollers 4032 and 4033.

[0041] The radius of the first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 is larger than that of the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033;

[0042] After passing through the rear cover 4025, the first upper squeezing roller 4031, the second upper squeezing roller 4034, the first lower squeezing roller 4032, and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 are all provided with gears. The first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the first lower squeezing roller 4032 are connected in a chain manner via a chain and gears. The second upper squeezing roller 4034 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 are also connected in a chain manner via a chain and gears.

[0043] The rear ends of the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 are respectively provided with large gears, and the large gears at the rear ends of the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 are meshed with each other and interconnected through the gears;

[0044] A second bevel gear 4042 is further arranged at the rear end of the second upper squeezing roller 4034. The second bevel gear 4042 is meshed with the first bevel gear 4041. The first bevel gear 4041 can drive the second bevel gear 4042 to rotate.

[0045] The deep loosening and furrowing device 5 is located at the lower part of the entire machine and is fixedly connected to the straw shaping and injection device 4 through the mounting plate 501;

[0046] The deep loosening and furrowing device 5 includes a mounting plate 501, a V-shaped cutting blade 502, a guide trough 503 and a deep loosening shovel;

[0047] The V-shaped cutting blade 502 is located at the front of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 and includes two V-shaped 1 cm thick deep loosening blades and a blade 504 at the bottom. The upper ends of the two deep loosening blades are connected to the bottom frame 4023;

[0048] The guide trough 503 is located at the rear of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 and is composed of a steel plate with a smooth inner side. It is connected to the straw forming and injection device 4 through the mounting plate 501;

[0049] The deep loosening shovel is located in the middle of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5, in front of the guide trough 503;

[0050] The front of the subsoiler is fixedly connected to the bottom of the "V"-shaped cutting blade 502, and the rear of the subsoiler is fixedly connected to the front of the guide trough 503;

[0051] The subsoiler includes a lifting shovel and a bulldozer. The lifting shovel includes a first lifting shovel 507 and a second lifting shovel 508. The bulldozer has a first bulldozer face 505 and a second bulldozer face 506.

[0052] The first lifting shovel 507 and the second lifting shovel 508 are in a "V" shape, with their front ends intersecting and fixed to the rear lower end of the V-shaped cutting blade 502;

[0053] The first bulldozer blade 505 and the second bulldozer blade 506 are in a "V" shape, with their front ends intersecting;

[0054] The bottom end of the bulldozer blade is accommodated in the V-shaped inner side surface formed by the first lifting blade 507 and the second lifting blade 508;

[0055] The deep loosening and furrowing device 5 is fixedly connected to the straw shaping and injecting device 4 through the upper ends of the two mounting plates 501 .

[0056] The picking equipment 3 may further include a chain protection cover 304 , which is installed outside the front axle sprocket 306 , the rear axle sprocket 302 and the third chain 303 and completely covers the front axle sprocket 306 , the rear axle sprocket 302 and the third chain 303 .

[0057] The length of the link block 3056 is 140 mm to 280 mm, and the width is 75 mm to 95 mm.

[0058] There are 6 extension beams 4022 in total.

[0059] The lifting blade and the bulldozer blade are made of high-strength steel plates.

[0060] The radius ratio of the first upper squeezing roller 4031 , the second upper squeezing roller 4034 , and the first lower squeezing roller 4032 , the second lower squeezing roller 4033 is 3:1 to 5:1.

[0061] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0062] 1. Targeted and Innovative: This invention is specifically designed for the improvement of heavy soda saline-alkali soils, meeting the needs of specific soil types. Its innovative straw shaping and injection technology effectively solves the problem of poor fluidity of flexible straw, enabling precise injection of materials to a specified depth without mixing with the soil.

[0063] 2. Efficiency and Energy Saving: This invention can directly pick up long materials without shredding, thus saving energy. Compared to common equipment that only targets shredded straw, this invention offers significant advantages. Furthermore, compared to straw balers, this invention achieves a lower compression density and enables continuous compression, resulting in superior operational efficiency and energy consumption.

[0064] 3. Deep Soil Removal and Soil Protection: This invention utilizes an innovative "V"-shaped cutting, all-around deep soil removal method and bulldozing trench forming technology, enabling trenching depths up to 40 cm, exceeding the trenching depths of conventional equipment. Simultaneously, it minimally disturbs the soil, preserving its original structure without damaging it. This is because the salinity of various soil layers in saline-alkali land varies, requiring no disturbance, as this would compromise the soil's improvement. Furthermore, the invention offers low trenching resistance, enabling operation in wet and sticky conditions, resolving the issue of conventional trenching machines being unable to operate in such conditions.

[0065] 4. Straw utilization and environmental protection: The present invention can pick up whole straw, realizing local material and waste utilization. This is an important advantage, because rice husks and organic fertilizers cannot be directly obtained in the field and are relatively expensive.

[0066] 5. Strong water permeability and long-lasting effects: If only deep tillage is performed without the infusion of organic materials, the water will quickly become ineffective when exposed to water (irrigation, rain). Straw, as a water channel, has excellent water permeability, with a water transport capacity over 30 times that of soil, and can effectively prevent runoff and soil erosion. Through deep tillage and the infusion of organic materials, the organic materials are compressed, their decay rate is significantly reduced. As a water channel, they can last for 1-2 years, achieving long-term improvement effects and reducing the number of operations.

[0067] 6. Integrated Solution: The present invention can complete the steps of straw collection, ditch formation, and straw injection in one go, providing an integrated and efficient solution for saline-alkali soil improvement. This is a significant advantage, as existing machines require multiple operations for ditching and injection.

[0068] 7. The individual chain links of the present invention are constructed from multiple parts. This design avoids the complex bending of long materials, which is often difficult. Furthermore, the multi-part assembly makes it easier to replace damaged parts without having to replace the entire chain link. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the equipment for loosening and improving saline-alkali soil permeability of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission system of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 3-1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the picking equipment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 3-2 It is a detailed structural diagram of the picking equipment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 3-3 A schematic structural diagram of the chain link 305 of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 3-4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the link block 3056 of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3-5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the picking spring tooth 3053 of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4-1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the straw forming and injection device 4 of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 4-2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion bin frame 402 of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 4-3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion portion 403 of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 5-1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 5-2 It is a front view of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 5-3 It is a diagram showing the working principle of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 of the present invention.

[0082] The accompanying drawings are denoted as follows:

[0083] 1 Traction frame 2 Transmission system 3 Pickup equipment

[0084] 4Straw shaping and injection device 5Deep loosening and furrowing device 6Depth limiting wheel

[0085] 7 Frame 201 Reducer 202 First Drive Shaft

[0086] 203 first bearing support 204 first sprocket 205 first chain

[0087] 206 double-row sprocket 207 second transmission shaft 208 second bearing support

[0088] 209 second chain 210 third sprocket 211 third bearing support

[0089] 212 third transmission shaft 213 coupling 3011 front axle

[0090] 3012 rear axle 306 front axle sprocket 303 third chain

[0091] 304 chain guard 305 chain link 302 rear axle sprocket

[0092] 3051 bolt 3052 washer 3053 picking up spring teeth

[0093] 3054 edge clip 3055 long pin 3056 chain link block

[0094] 3057 middle clip 401 collection device 402 extrusion bin frame

[0095] 403 extrusion part 404 transmission part 4021 front frame

[0096] 4022 extension beam 4023 bottom frame 4024 extrusion chamber

[0097] 4025 rear cover 4031 first upper squeezing roller 4034 second upper squeezing roller

[0098] 4032 first lower squeezing roller 4033 second lower squeezing roller 4041 first bevel gear

[0099] 4042 Second bevel gear 501 Mounting plate 502 "V" shaped cutting tool

[0100] 503 guide groove 504 blade 507 first lifting shovel

[0101] 508 second lifting shovel 505 first bulldozer face 506 second bulldozer face DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0102] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0103] like Figure 1 As shown, a device for loosening and improving the permeability of saline-alkali land soil includes a traction frame 1, a transmission system 2, a picking device 3, a straw shaping and injection device 4, a deep loosening and furrowing device 5, a depth-limiting wheel 6 and a frame 7. Figure 1 The middle direction V is the forward direction of the device.

[0104] The traction frame 1 is fixed to the front end of the frame 7 and is connected to the rear three-point suspension system of the tractor through pins.

[0105] Side panels are respectively provided on both sides of the frame 7.

[0106] like Figure 1 and Figure 3-1As shown, the picking device 3 is located at the rear of the traction frame 1. The picking device 3 includes a front axle 3011, a rear axle 3012, a rear axle sprocket 302, a third chain 303, a chain guard 304, a chain link 305 and a front axle sprocket 306.

[0107] The front axle 3011 is arranged on the front lower end of the frame 7 through a bearing support. The rear axle 3012 is higher than the front axle 3011.

[0108] Two sets of front axle sprockets 306 are arranged on the front axle 3011, and two sets of rear axle sprockets 302 are arranged on the rear axle 3012. Two tertiary chains 303 are respectively mounted on the front axle sprockets 306 and the rear axle sprockets 302 on each side. Preferably, the picking device 3 also includes a chain guard 304, which is installed outside the front axle sprockets 306, the rear axle sprockets 302, and the tertiary chains 303 and completely covers the front axle sprockets 306, the rear axle sprockets 302, and the tertiary chains 303.

[0109] like Figure 3-1 、 Figure 3-2 、 Figure 3-3 、 Figure 3-4 As shown, the chain link 305 is located between the two third chains 303 and is formed by splicing. The picking device 3 is provided with a plurality of chain links 305, and each pair of pins of the third chain 303 corresponds to a chain link 305.

[0110] The chain link 305 includes a bolt 3051 , a washer 3052 , a picking spring tooth 3053 , an edge clip 3054 , a long pin 3055 , a chain link block 3056 and a middle clip 3057 .

[0111] The link block 3056 is manufactured by bending and welding sheet metal. It has a recessed portion for accommodating the pickup spring tine 3053, and two horizontal portions located on either side of the recessed portion for mounting the edge clips 3054 and the middle clip 3057. Two long slots parallel to the axis are provided on the left and right side walls of the recessed portion near the left and right edges for mounting the long pin 3055.

[0112] Preferably, the length of the chain link block 3056 is 140mm-280mm and the width is 75mm-95mm. The bottom of the chain link block 3056 has two symmetrical mounting holes. The two ends of the long pin shaft 3055 are respectively inserted into the long slots of the adjacent chain link blocks 3056. In this way, multiple chain link blocks 3056 are spliced ​​in series through multiple long pin shafts 3055. Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-3 As shown, the outermost link block 3056 is connected to the pin of the third chain 303 via a long pin 3055 extending from the outer end.

[0113] The middle clip 3057 is installed in the gap between every two spliced ​​chain link blocks 3056 to ensure the strength of the chain link blocks 3056.

[0114] The edge clips 3054 are installed on the outer ends of the two outermost link blocks 3056 and are also used to ensure the strength of the link blocks 3056.

[0115] like Figure 3-3 and Figure 3-5 As shown, bolt 3051 passes through a washer 3052 and then through a mounting ring at the bottom of the pickup spring tine 3053, allowing it to be removably mounted on the bottom of the chain link block 3056. The use of washer 3052 greatly enhances the operating stability of the pickup spring tine 3053 and helps extend its service life. Because the pickup spring tine 3053 is a consumable part, this quick and convenient installation design is particularly important.

[0116] like Figure 2 As shown, the transmission system 2 is located at the front and side of the frame 7 .

[0117] The transmission system 2 includes a reducer 201, a first transmission shaft 202, a first bearing support 203, a first sprocket 204, a first chain 205, a double-row sprocket 206, a second transmission shaft 207, a second bearing support 208, a second chain 209, a third sprocket 210, a third bearing support 211, a third transmission shaft 212 and a coupling 213.

[0118] The reducer 201 is fixed to the front crossbeam of the frame 7 by bolts and is located above the picking equipment 3, with a gear set inside.

[0119] The reducer 201 has an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is connected to the rear PTO of the tractor via a universal coupling, and the output end is connected to the first transmission shaft 202 .

[0120] The first bearing support 203 is fixed by bolts to the upper front end of the left side beam of the frame 7. The second bearing support 208 is fixed by bolts to the upper middle end of the left side beam of the frame 7. The third bearing support 211 is fixed by bolts to the lower tail end of the left side beam of the frame 7.

[0121] The first transmission shaft 202 is fixed to the front end of the frame 7 through the first bearing support 203 , and a first sprocket 204 is installed through the outer end of the first bearing support 203 .

[0122] The second transmission shaft 207 is fixed to the middle of the frame 7 through the second bearing support 208 , and a double-row sprocket 206 is installed on the outer end passing through the second bearing support 208 , and a coupling 213 is installed on the inner end.

[0123] The second transmission shaft 207 is connected to the rear axle 3012 via a coupling 213 .

[0124] The third transmission shaft 212 is fixed to the rear end of the frame 7 through the third bearing support 211. The third transmission shaft 212 passes through the third bearing support 211 and is provided with a third sprocket 210 at its outer end and a first bevel gear 4041 at its inner end.

[0125] The first chain 205 is arranged between the first sprocket 204 and the double-row sprocket 206 , and the second chain 209 is arranged between the double-row sprocket 206 and the third sprocket 210 .

[0126] During operation, the reducer 201 receives power from the tractor's rear PTO and, through an internal gear set, converts high-speed, low-torque power into low-speed, high-torque power, which is then output through the first transmission shaft 202. The first transmission shaft 202 rotates the first sprocket 204. The first sprocket 204 transmits power to the double-row sprocket 206 via the first chain 205. The double-row sprocket 206 consists of two sprockets arranged side by side and is connected to the first chain 205 and the second chain 209. The double-row sprocket 206 rotates the second transmission shaft 207. The second transmission shaft 207 rotates the rear axle 3012 via the coupling 213. Thus, power is transmitted via the double-row sprocket 206 to the second chain 209 and the rear axle 3012 of the picking device 3. The second chain 209 transmits power to the third sprocket 210. The third sprocket 210 rotates the third transmission shaft 212, which in turn transmits power to the straw forming and injection device 4.

[0127] The rear axle 3012 receives power from the transmission system 2, driving the rear axle sprocket 302 to rotate. The rear axle sprocket 302 drives the third chain 303, which in turn drives the chain link 305 to rotate. When the chain link 305 reaches its lowest point, the multiple picking springs 3053 mounted on the chain link 305 begin to pick up the straw on the ground. As the chain link 305 moves, the straw is transported and lifted to the designated location.

[0128] like Figure 1 As shown, the straw shaping and injection device 4 is located in the middle and rear part of the entire machine and is fixedly connected to the left and right side plates of the frame 7.

[0129] like Figure 4-1 As shown, the straw shaping and injection device 4 includes: a collecting device 401 , a squeezing bin frame 402 , a squeezing part 403 and a transmission part 404 .

[0130] The collecting device 401 is located at the top of the straw forming and injecting device 4. The collecting device 401 is funnel-shaped, with a wide mouth at the top for collecting the straw thrown thereto by the picking equipment 3, and a narrow mouth at the bottom, which is arranged above the squeezing bin frame 402.

[0131] like Figure 1 and Figure 4-1As shown, the squeezing bin frame 402 is located below the collecting device 401 and above the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 and the depth-limiting wheel 6, and is fixedly connected to the frame 7 on both sides.

[0132] like Figure 4-2 As shown, the extrusion bin frame 402 includes a front frame 4021 , an extension beam 4022 , a bottom frame 4023 , an extrusion chamber 4024 and a rear cover plate 4025 .

[0133] The front frame 4021 is located at the front end of the extrusion bin frame 402, and the crossbeam of the front frame 4021 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the collecting device 401. The two longitudinal beams of the front frame 4021 are each equipped with a depth-limiting wheel 6.

[0134] The bottom frame 4023 is positioned at the bottom of the extrusion bin frame 402 and is parallel to the ground. It is fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams of the front frame 4021 and is also fixedly connected to the top of the V-shaped cutter of the front portion of the deep loosening and ditching device 5.

[0135] Extrusion chamber 4024 is located at the rear of extrusion chamber frame 402, at a 45-degree angle to the ground. It is a rectangular parallelepiped frame constructed from 12 profiles. Extrusion chamber 4024 is provided with a front cover plate 4025 and a rear cover plate 4025 on its front and rear sides, respectively. The rear cover plate 4025 has four pre-cut holes. The upper end of extrusion chamber 4024 corresponds to the lower end of collection device 401.

[0136] The extrusion bin frame 402 is fixedly connected to the frame 7 via extension beams 4022 provided on both sides of the extrusion bin frame 402. Preferably, there are 6 extension beams 4022 in total.

[0137] like Figure 4-3 As shown, the extrusion portion 403 is located in the extrusion chamber 4024 and includes a first upper extrusion roller 4031 , a second upper extrusion roller 4034 , a first lower extrusion roller 4032 and a second lower extrusion roller 4033 .

[0138] The first upper squeeze roller 4031 and the second upper squeeze roller 4034 are arranged in parallel, supported on the rear cover plate 4025 via bearings, with their rear ends extending through the rear cover plate 4025. The first upper squeeze roller 4031 and the second upper squeeze roller 4034 are made of metal and rubber, respectively. Each roller is internally equipped with eight reinforcing ribs that extend outward for a certain length. The gap between the first upper squeeze roller 4031 and the second upper squeeze roller 4034 is 10-12 cm.

[0139] The first lower squeeze roller 4032 and the second lower squeeze roller 4033 are arranged in parallel and supported on the rear cover plate 4025 via bearings. Their rear ends extend through the rear cover plate 4025. The first lower squeeze roller 4032 and the second lower squeeze roller 4033 are made of metal and rubber, respectively. They are internally provided with four reinforcing ribs that extend outward for a certain length. The gap between the first lower squeeze roller 4032 and the second lower squeeze roller 4033 is 8-10 cm.

[0140] The radius of the first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 is larger than that of the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 .

[0141] Preferably, the radius of the first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 is 20-30 cm, and the radius of the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 is 4-8 cm.

[0142] The radius ratio of the first upper squeezing roller 4031 , the second upper squeezing roller 4034 , and the first lower squeezing roller 4032 , the second lower squeezing roller 4033 is 3:1-4:1.

[0143] The first upper squeeze roller 4031, the second upper squeeze roller 4034, the first lower squeeze roller 4032, and the second lower squeeze roller 4033 are all provided with gears after passing through the rear cover 4025. The first upper squeeze roller 4031 and the first lower squeeze roller 4032 are connected in a chain by a chain and gears. The second upper squeeze roller 4034 and the second lower squeeze roller 4033 are also connected in a chain by a chain and gears.

[0144] The rear ends of the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 are respectively provided with large gears. The large gears at the rear ends of the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 are meshed with each other and interconnected through gears.

[0145] A second bevel gear 4042 is further disposed at the rear end of the second upper squeezing roller 4034 . The second bevel gear 4042 is engaged with the first bevel gear 4041 , and the first bevel gear 4041 drives the second bevel gear 4042 to rotate.

[0146] During operation, the collecting device 401 receives the straw delivered by the picking device 3 , and the straw enters the squeezing chamber 4024 after passing through the gathering effect of the collecting device 401 .

[0147] Driven by the transmission system 2, the first bevel gear 4041 begins to rotate, thereby driving the second bevel gear 4042 to rotate. The second bevel gear 4042 further drives the second upper squeeze roller 4034 to rotate, which in turn drives the second lower squeeze roller 4033 to rotate. Subsequently, through the meshing of the large gear, it drives the first lower squeeze roller 4032, which in turn drives the first upper squeeze roller 4031 to rotate.

[0148] The first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 rotate in opposite directions, squeezing the material while simultaneously conveying it downward. As the straw reaches between the two rollers, the metal rollers, due to their rigidity, provide strong squeezing force, resulting in intense compression of the material. Simultaneously, the rubber rollers provide auxiliary squeezing and act as a buffer. Their soft and elastic surface adapts to the varying shapes and textures of the material, ensuring a uniform and continuous squeezing process. After squeezing, the straw reaches between the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 for a second squeezing step. The first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 rotate at the same speed as the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033, but with different radii. This results in the volume of material passing through the first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 per unit time being greater than the volume of material passing through the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 per unit time. The ratio of these two volumes is the compression ratio. After the straw is squeezed, it will be pushed backward by the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 and enter the deep loosening and furrowing device 5.

[0149] like Figure 1 As shown, the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 is located at the lower part of the entire machine and is fixedly connected to the straw forming and injecting device 4 through a mounting plate 501.

[0150] like Figure 5-1 As shown, the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 includes a mounting plate 501, a "V"-shaped cutting blade 502, a material guide trough 503 and a deep loosening shovel.

[0151] " V " shaped cutter 502 is positioned at the front portion of deep loosening and furrowing device 5, comprises two " V " shaped deep loosening blades that are preferably 1 centimetre thick and the blade 504 that is positioned at bottom. The upper end of two deep loosening blades is connected with bottom frame 4023.

[0152] The guide trough 503 is positioned at the rear portion of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 and is made up of a smooth steel plate on the inner side. It is connected with the straw forming injection device 4 by a mounting plate 501.

[0153] The deep loosening shovel is located in the middle of the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 and the front of the guide trough 503.

[0154] The front portion of the subsoiler is fixedly connected to the bottom of the V-shaped cutting blade 502 , and the rear portion is fixedly connected to the front portion of the guide trough 503 .

[0155] like Figure 5-2 As shown, the subsoiler includes a lifting blade and a bulldozer blade. The lifting blade includes a first lifting blade 507 and a second lifting blade 508 , and the bulldozer blade has a first bulldozer face 505 and a second bulldozer face 506 .

[0156] The first lifting shovel 507 and the second lifting shovel 508 are in a “V” shape, with their front ends intersecting and fixed to the rear lower end of the “V”-shaped cutting blade 502 .

[0157] The first bulldozer blade 505 and the second bulldozer blade 506 are in a “V” shape, and their front ends intersect.

[0158] The bottom end of the bulldozer blade is accommodated in the inner side surface of the “V” shape formed by the first lifting blade 507 and the second lifting blade 508 .

[0159] The guide trough 503 guides the formed straw further along the guide space into the opened ditch.

[0160] The deep loosening and furrowing device 5 is fixedly connected to the straw shaping and injecting device 4 through the upper ends of the two mounting plates 501 .

[0161] The lifting blade and dozer blade are made of high-strength steel plates.

[0162] When working, if Figure 5-3 As shown, the "V"-shaped cutting blade 502 first cuts the soil, creating a "V"-shaped cross-section and forming a triangular prism-shaped soil strip. Then, the angle formed by the first bulldozer blade 505 and the second bulldozer blade 506 splits the soil strip into two parts. The first bulldozer blade 505 pushes the left half to the left, while the second bulldozer blade 506 pushes the right half to the right. Simultaneously, the first lifting blade 507 raises the left half, while the second lifting blade 508 raises the right half, ultimately forming a ditch.

[0163] The depth-limiting wheel 6 is installed below the straw shaping and injecting device 4 , and can ensure that the equipment operates stably at a specific depth during operation, meeting different working requirements.

[0164] The height of the depth-gauging wheel 6 can be adjusted by simple manual operation to change the operating depth of the equipment.

[0165] The working process of the present invention:

[0166] After the harvester completes the harvest, the saline-alkali soil is air-dried for 3-4 days, allowing the muddy saline-alkali soil surface to compact and possess a certain load-bearing capacity. Then, under the traction of a tractor, the present invention begins operation. First, the picking device 3 begins operation, using the installed picking tines 3053 and a chain drive to continuously pick up straw from the ground. When the straw is picked up to a certain height, it is thrown into the straw forming and injection device 4.

[0167] Subsequently, the straw shaping and injection device 4 starts working, collecting the collected straw through the collection device 401 and entering the squeezing chamber. The straw is then squeezed twice by the first upper squeezing roller 4031 and the second upper squeezing roller 4034 and the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033 to complete the shaping. The shaped straw is then pushed into the deep loosening and furrowing device 5 by the first lower squeezing roller 4032 and the second lower squeezing roller 4033.

[0168] At the same time, the deep loosening and ditching device 5 also starts working, using the "V"-shaped cutting all-round deep loosening method and bulldozing ditch forming technology. First, the "V"-shaped cutter 502 takes the lead in cutting the soil, cutting the soil into a "V"-shaped cross-section, forming a triangular prism-shaped soil strip. The soil strip is then divided into two parts from the middle. Then, the soil strip on the left is lifted and pushed to the left, forming a gap on the right; the soil strip on the rear side is lifted and pushed to the right, forming a gap on the left. The formed straw further enters the gap along the guide space through the guide groove 503.

[0169] The deep loosening and furrowing device loosens the soil in the V-shaped cross-section area, increasing soil voids and creating a hidden trench, allowing for the formation and injection of straw. This process improves the permeability and water permeability of the saline-alkali soil, and utilizes the straw in the injected trench as a water channel, ensuring the long-term improvement of the saline-alkali land.

Claims

1. A device for loosening and improving the permeability of saline-alkali soil, comprising a traction frame (1), a depth-limiting wheel (6) and a frame (7), wherein the traction frame (1) is located at the front end of the device and is connected to the frame (7), and side panels are provided on both sides of the frame (7), characterized in that: The device also includes a transmission system (2), a picking device (3), a straw shaping and injecting device (4), and a deep loosening and furrowing device (5); The picking-up equipment (3) is located at the rear of the traction frame (1), and the picking-up equipment (3) includes a front axle (3011), a rear axle (3012), a rear axle sprocket (302), a third chain (303), a chain guard (304), a chain link (305) and a front axle sprocket (306); The front axle (3011) is arranged at the lower end in front of the frame (7) through a bearing support; The rear axle (3012) is higher than the front axle (3011); Two sets of front axle sprockets (306) are arranged on the front axle (3011), two sets of rear axle sprockets (302) are arranged on the rear axle (3012), and two third chains (303) are respectively sleeved on the front axle sprockets (306) and the rear axle sprockets (302) on each side; The chain link (305) is located between the two third chains (303) and is formed by splicing. The picking device (3) is provided with a plurality of chain links (305), and each pair of pins of the third chain (303) corresponds to a chain link (305); The chain link (305) includes a bolt (3051), a gasket (3052), a picking spring tooth (3053), an edge clip (3054), a long pin (3055), a chain link block (3056) and a middle clip (3057); The chain link block (3056) is manufactured by bending and welding sheet metal. The chain link block (3056) has a groove portion for accommodating the picking spring tooth (3053), and two horizontal portions located on the left and right edges of the groove portion for mounting the edge clip (3054) and the middle clip (3057). The left and right side walls of the groove portion near the left and right edges are provided with two long grooves parallel to the axis for mounting the long pin shaft (3055). The bottom of the chain link block (3056) has two symmetrical mounting holes; the two ends of the long pin shaft (3055) are respectively inserted into the long slots of the adjacent chain link blocks (3056). In this way, multiple chain link blocks (3056) are connected in series through multiple long pin shafts (3055), and the outermost chain link block (3056) is connected to the pin shaft of the third chain (303) through the long pin shaft (3055) extending from the outer end; The middle clip (3057) is installed on the gap between every two spliced ​​chain link blocks (3056); The edge clips (3054) are mounted on the outer ends of the two outermost chain link blocks (3056); The bolt (3051) passes through the gasket (3052) and then through the mounting ring at the bottom of the pickup spring tooth (3053), and is detachably mounted on the bottom of the chain link block (3056). Each chain link block (3056) is mounted with a pickup spring tooth (3053) in this manner; The transmission system (2) is located in front of the frame (7) and behind the traction frame (1); The transmission system (2) includes a reducer (201), a first transmission shaft (202), a first bearing support (203), a first sprocket (204), a first chain (205), a double-row sprocket (206), a second transmission shaft (207), a second bearing support (208), a second chain (209), a third sprocket (210), a third bearing support (211), a third transmission shaft (212), and a coupling (213); The reducer (201) is fixed to the front crossbeam of the frame (7) by bolts and is located above the picking device (3), and has a gear set inside. The speed reducer (201) has an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is connected to the rear PTO of the tractor via a universal coupling, and the output end is connected to the first transmission shaft (202); The first bearing support (203) is fixed to the upper front end of the left side beam of the frame (7) by bolts; the second bearing support (208) is fixed to the upper middle end of the left side beam of the frame (7) by bolts; the third bearing support (211) is fixed to the lower tail end of the left side beam of the frame (7) by bolts; The first transmission shaft (202) is fixed to the front end of the frame (7) through a first bearing support (203), and a first sprocket (204) is installed through the outer end of the first bearing support (203); The second transmission shaft (207) is fixed to the middle of the frame (7) through the second bearing support (208), and a double-row sprocket (206) is installed on the outer end passing through the second bearing support (208), and a coupling (213) is installed on the inner end; The second transmission shaft (207) is connected to the rear axle (3012) via a coupling (213); The third transmission shaft (212) is fixed to the rear end of the frame (7) through a third bearing support (211); the third transmission shaft (212) passes through the third bearing support (211), and a third sprocket (210) is arranged on the outer end thereof, while a first bevel gear (4041) is arranged on the inner end thereof; The first chain (205) is arranged between the first sprocket (204) and the double-row sprocket (206), and the second chain (209) is arranged between the double-row sprocket (206) and the third sprocket (210); The straw shaping and injection device (4) is located in the middle and rear part of the entire machine and is fixedly connected to the left and right side plates of the frame (7); The straw shaping and injection device (4) comprises: a collecting device (401), an extrusion bin frame (402), an extrusion part (403) and a transmission part (404); The collecting device (401) is located at the uppermost side of the straw forming and injecting device (4) and is arranged above the extrusion bin frame (402); The extrusion bin frame (402) is located below the collecting device (401) and above the deep loosening and furrowing device (5) and the depth-limiting wheel (6), and is fixedly connected to the frame (7) on both sides; The extrusion chamber frame (402) includes a front frame (4021), an extension beam (4022), a bottom frame (4023), an extrusion chamber (4024) and a rear cover plate (4025); The front frame (4021) is located at the front end of the extrusion bin frame (402), and the crossbeam of the front frame (4021) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the collecting device (401); the two longitudinal beams of the front frame (4021) are each equipped with a depth-limiting wheel (6); The bottom frame (4023) is located at the bottom of the extrusion chamber frame (402) and is parallel to the ground; it is fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams of the front frame (4021) and is also fixedly connected to the upper part of the front "V"-shaped cutting blade of the deep loosening and ditching device (5); The extrusion chamber (4024) is located at the rear of the extrusion chamber frame (402) at a 45-degree angle to the ground. It is a rectangular parallelepiped frame formed by connecting 12 profiles. The front and rear sides of the extrusion chamber (4024) are respectively provided with a front cover plate and a rear cover plate (4025). The rear cover plate (4025) has four pre-opened holes. The upper end of the extrusion chamber (4024) corresponds to the lower end of the collection device (401). The extrusion bin frame (402) is fixedly connected to the frame (7) via extension beams (4022) provided on both sides of the extrusion bin frame (402); The extrusion part (403) is located in the extrusion chamber (4024), and includes: a first upper extrusion roller (4031), a second upper extrusion roller (4034), a first lower extrusion roller (4032) and a second lower extrusion roller (4033); The first upper squeezing roller (4031) and the second upper squeezing roller (4034) are arranged in parallel and are arranged on the rear cover plate (4025) via a bearing, and their rear ends pass through the rear cover plate (4025); the first upper squeezing roller (4031) and the second upper squeezing roller (4034) are made of metal and rubber respectively; each is provided with eight reinforcing ribs extending outward for a certain length; the gap between the first upper squeezing roller (4031) and the second upper squeezing roller (4034) is 10-12 centimeters; The first lower squeezing roller (4032) and the second lower squeezing roller (4033) are arranged in parallel and are arranged on the rear cover plate (4025) via a bearing, and their rear ends pass through the rear cover plate (4025). The first lower squeezing roller (4032) and the second lower squeezing roller (4033) are made of metal and rubber respectively; four reinforcing ribs are provided inside, and the reinforcing ribs extend outward for a certain length; the gap between the first lower squeezing roller (4032) and the second lower squeezing roller (4033) is 8-10 cm; The radius of the first upper squeezing roller (4031) and the second upper squeezing roller (4034) is greater than that of the first lower squeezing roller (4032) and the second lower squeezing roller (4033); The first upper squeezing roller (4031), the second upper squeezing roller (4034), the first lower squeezing roller (4032) and the second lower squeezing roller (4033) are all provided with gears after passing through the rear cover plate (4025); wherein the first upper squeezing roller (4031) and the first lower squeezing roller (4032) are connected in a chain manner via a chain and a gear, and the second upper squeezing roller (4034) and the second lower squeezing roller (4033) are connected in a chain manner via a chain and a gear; The rear ends of the first lower squeezing roller (4032) and the second lower squeezing roller (4033) are respectively provided with large gears, and the large gears at the rear ends of the first lower squeezing roller (4032) and the second lower squeezing roller (4033) are meshed with each other and interconnected through the gears; A second bevel gear (4042) is further arranged at the rear end of the second upper squeezing roller (4034), the second bevel gear (4042) is meshed with the first bevel gear (4041), and the first bevel gear (4041) can drive the second bevel gear (4042) to rotate; The deep loosening and furrowing device (5) is located at the lower part of the entire machine and is fixedly connected to the straw shaping and injection device (4) via a mounting plate (501); The deep loosening and furrowing device (5) comprises a mounting plate (501), a "V"-shaped cutting blade (502), a material guide trough (503) and a deep loosening shovel; The V-shaped cutting blade (502) is located at the front of the deep loosening and furrowing device (5), and includes two V-shaped 1 cm thick deep loosening blades and a blade (504) located at the bottom end, and the upper ends of the two deep loosening blades are connected to the bottom frame (4023); The guide trough (503) is located at the rear of the deep loosening and furrowing device (5), is composed of a steel plate with a smooth inner side, and is connected to the straw forming and injection device (4) through a mounting plate (501); The deep loosening shovel is located in the middle of the deep loosening and furrowing device (5) and in front of the guide trough (503); The front part of the subsoiler is fixedly connected to the bottom of the "V"-shaped cutting blade (502), and the rear part is fixedly connected to the front part of the guide trough (503); The subsoiler includes a lifting shovel and a bulldozer. The lifting shovel includes a first lifting shovel (507) and a second lifting shovel (508). The bulldozer has a first bulldozer face (505) and a second bulldozer face (506). The first lifting shovel (507) and the second lifting shovel (508) are in a "V" shape, with their front ends intersecting and fixed to the rear lower end of the "V"-shaped cutting blade (502); The first bulldozer blade (505) and the second bulldozer blade (506) are in a V-shape, with front ends intersecting; The bottom end of the bulldozer is accommodated in the V-shaped inner side surface formed by the first lifting shovel (507) and the second lifting shovel (508); The deep loosening and furrowing device (5) is fixedly connected to the straw shaping and injection device (4) via the upper ends of two mounting plates (501).

2. The device for loosening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The picking equipment (3) further comprises a chain protection cover (304) which is mounted outside the front axle sprocket (306), the rear axle sprocket (302) and the third chain (303) and completely covers the front axle sprocket (306), the rear axle sprocket (302) and the third chain (303).

3. The device for loosening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the chain link block (3056) is 140mm-280mm, and the width is 75mm-95mm.

4. The device for loosening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 6 extension beams (4022) in total.

5. The device for loosening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting blade and the bulldozer blade are made of high-strength steel plates.

6. The device for loosening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius ratio of the first upper squeezing roller (4031), the second upper squeezing roller (4034), the first lower squeezing roller (4032), and the second lower squeezing roller (4033) is 3:1 to 5:1.

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