Environment-friendly micro-lubricant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides an environment-friendly lubricant composition, which is characterized in that the environment-friendly lubricant composition is prepared from isodecanol, pyrophosphoric acid, gluconic acid and diethanolamine, the molar ratio of the isodecanol to the pyrophosphoric acid is 3-4:1, the molar ratio of the gluconic acid to the diethanolamine is 1:1-1.2, and the molar ratio of the pyrophosphoric acid to the diethanolamine is 1:1-1.2. The environment-friendly lubricant composition prepared by the application is a P-N type extreme pressure and anti-wear agent, and is also a water-soluble lubricant, and can reduce the use of S and Cl in trace lubricant agents, and is environment-friendly. The application further provides an environment-friendly trace lubricant containing the environment-friendly lubricant composition, which is prepared from the environment-friendly lubricant composition and a maleic acid rosin amide compound.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lubrication technology, specifically relating to an environmentally friendly trace lubricant and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Metal cutting processes often employ cutting oil / fluid for extensive rinsing-style lubrication and cooling. However, the large amount of lubricant leakage caused by the workpiece and debris results in a high consumption of lubricant, which not only wastes resources but also easily pollutes the processing site and environment, and seriously affects the health of operators.

[0003] To address these issues, recent research on micro-volume lubrication technology by domestic and international institutions has made some progress. Micro-volume lubrication technology solves problems such as large lubricant usage and severe pollution. However, excessive use of additives containing sulfur and chlorine, which are environmentally unfriendly, can have a certain impact on the environment. Micro-volume lubricants developed using synthetic esters as base oils can generally achieve relatively ideal lubrication effects. However, during use, the excessive heat generated by instantaneous friction and deformation during processing leads to the decomposition and evaporation of some ester molecules, producing an unpleasant odor and affecting practical use. Using some water in micro-volume lubricant formulations can dissipate frictional and deformation heat more quickly, rapidly reducing the local temperature in the processing area, which is beneficial to workpiece accuracy and tool life. However, water-soluble micro-volume lubricants have certain shortcomings in lubricity and long-term storage, and are not currently widely used in practical applications.

[0004] Researching novel water-soluble micro-lubricant technologies is of practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly lubricant composition, characterized in that it is prepared from isodecanol, pyrophosphate, gluconic acid, and diethanolamine, wherein the molar ratio of isodecanol to pyrophosphate is 3-4:1; the molar ratio of gluconic acid to diethanolamine is 1:1-1.2; and the molar ratio of pyrophosphate to diethanolamine is 1:1-1.2.

[0007] The reaction of isodecanol and pyrophosphate produces a phosphate ester that is biodegradable and environmentally friendly; the reaction of gluconic acid with diethanolamine produces basic glucosyl diethanolamine, which has a high degree of hydrophilicity due to the presence of numerous -OH bonds in its molecular structure.

[0008] The isodecyl alcohol and pyrophosphate undergo an esterification reaction. Due to the controlled amount of isodecyl alcohol and pyrophosphate, the resulting product A is acidic isodecyl alcohol pyrophosphate. Glucosic acid and diethanolamine react to generate glucosyl diethanolamine. Due to the controlled amount of glucosic acid and diethanolamine, the resulting product B is basic glucosyl diethanolamine. Mixing products A and B allows for a neutralization reaction, producing a PN-type hydrophilic lubricating additive with excellent extreme pressure anti-wear properties, lubricity, and biodegradability. It is also a surfactant, i.e., an environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

[0009] This invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned environmentally friendly lubricant composition:

[0010] Step 1: Weigh isodecyl alcohol and place it in a reactor. Add pyrophosphate and mix with stirring. React at 100-110℃ for 2-3 hours. The resulting product A is acidic isodecyl alcohol pyrophosphate.

[0011] Step 2: Weigh out gluconic acid and add it to the reactor. Heat it to 140-150℃ until it is completely melted. Add diethanolamine to the reactor and maintain the temperature at 135-140℃ for 1-2 hours to allow it to react fully. The resulting product B is basic glucosyl diethanolamine.

[0012] Steps one and two above are not in any particular order and can be performed simultaneously;

[0013] Step 3: Mix products A and B from steps 1 and 2, and stir thoroughly at 60-70℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain an environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

[0014] In addition, the present invention also provides an environmentally friendly micro-lubricant containing the above-mentioned environmentally friendly lubricant composition, characterized in that it is prepared from the following components by weight percentage:

[0015] Environmentally friendly lubricant composition 70-80%； Maleic acid rosinamide compound 20-30%。

[0016] The maleic acid rosin amide compound is prepared by first reacting rosin with maleic anhydride in an addition reaction, and then reacting it with diethanolamine.

[0017] The mass ratio of maleic anhydride to rosin is 1:8-10; the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to diethanolamine is 1:2-3.

[0018] The natural raw material rosin contains conjugated double bonds in its molecular structure, which makes it easy to undergo an addition reaction with maleic anhydride. Due to its large molecular weight, the resulting product has better lubricating properties.

[0019] The preparation method of the maleic acid rosinamide compound is as follows:

[0020] Step 1: Add rosin to a stirrer and heat to 150-180℃ until completely melted. Then, slowly add maleic anhydride and catalyst while stirring continuously. React at 180-200℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain rosin maleic anhydride intermediate product.

[0021] Step 2: When the temperature of the intermediate product from Step 1 drops to 135-140℃, add diethanolamine and stir for about 1 hour. After cooling, the brownish-red viscous substance is the maleic acid rosinamide compound.

[0022] The catalyst can be selected from one or a mixture of several peroxides.

[0023] The catalyst is preferably one or a mixture of several of cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, dicumene peroxide, and di-tert-butyl peroxide, and the amount of catalyst used is 0.2-0.3% of the rosin mass.

[0024] The maleic acid rosinamide compound is a good rust inhibitor, as well as an N-type extreme pressure anti-wear agent with good lubricity.

[0025] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for preparing an environmentally friendly micro-lubricant of the above-mentioned environmentally friendly lubricant composition: the environmentally friendly lubricant composition and maleic acid rosin amide compound are mixed and stirred at a temperature of 50-60°C until transparent, which is the environmentally friendly micro-lubricant.

[0026] Furthermore, this invention provides a method for using the above-mentioned environmentally friendly micro-volume lubricant composition:

[0027] Add 2-5 times the amount of water, stir well, and then add to the micro-lubrication device for use.

[0028] The role and effect of invention

[0029] The environmentally friendly lubricant composition prepared using this invention is a PN-type extreme pressure anti-wear agent and also a water-soluble lubricant. When applied to micro-lubrication technology, it can reduce the use of S and Cl in micro-lubricants, making it environmentally friendly.

[0030] The maleic acid rosinamide compound prepared by this invention is a good rust inhibitor and also an N-type extreme pressure anti-wear agent with good lubricity.

[0031] The environmentally friendly micro-lubricant prepared by this invention can meet the requirements of lubrication, cooling, environmental protection and rust prevention in metal processing; when used with a micro-lubrication device, it can save more than 95% of the lubricant usage, and has significant energy-saving, emission-reduction and environmental protection effects.

[0032] In this invention, after the components are mixed, based on their respective structural characteristics, weak intermolecular bond forces can occur, and after mutual solubility and promotion, the lubricity and solubility of each other are improved and stimulated. Implementation Example 1

[0033] Step 1: Weigh 2374.2g (15mol) of isodecanol and place it in a reactor. Add 889.9g (5mol) of pyrophosphate and mix and stir. React at 100℃ for 3 hours. The product A is acidic isodecanol pyrophosphate.

[0034] Step 2: Weigh 980.8g (5mol) of gluconic acid and add it to the reactor. Heat the mixture to 140℃ until it is completely melted. Add 525.7g (5mol) of diethanolamine to the reactor and maintain the temperature at 135℃ for 2 hours to allow the reaction to proceed. The resulting product B is basic glucosyl diethanolamine.

[0035] Step 3: Mix products A and B from steps 1 and 2 above, and stir thoroughly at 70°C for 1 hour to obtain an environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

[0036] Weigh 8000g of the environmentally friendly lubricant composition prepared above and 2000g of maleic acid rosin amide compound, mix and stir at 60°C until transparent, and that is an environmentally friendly micro-lubricant.

[0037] The preparation method of the above-mentioned maleic acid rosinamide compound is as follows:

[0038] Weigh 1600g of rosin and add it to a stirrer. Heat the mixture to 180℃ until it is completely melted. While stirring continuously, slowly add 196.12g (2mol) of maleic anhydride and 4g of catalyst. React at 200℃ for 2 hours to obtain rosin maleic anhydride intermediate. When the temperature of the rosin maleic anhydride intermediate drops to 135℃, add 525.7g (4mol) of diethanolamine and stir for 1 hour. After cooling, the brownish-red viscous substance is the maleic rosin amide compound. Example 2

[0039] Step 1: Weigh 3165.6g (20mol) of isodecanol and place it in a reactor. Add 889.9g (5mol) of pyrophosphate and mix and stir. React at 110℃ for 2 hours. The product A is acidic isodecanol pyrophosphate.

[0040] Step 2: Weigh 980.8g (5mol) of gluconic acid and add it to the reactor. Heat the mixture to 142℃ until it is completely melted. Add 630.84g (6mol) of diethanolamine to the reactor and maintain the temperature at 140℃ for 1 hour to allow the reaction to proceed. The resulting product B is basic glucosyl diethanolamine.

[0041] Step 3: Mix products A and B from steps 1 and 2 above, and stir thoroughly at 70°C for 1 hour to obtain an environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

[0042] Weigh 7000g of the environmentally friendly lubricant composition prepared above and 3000g of maleic acid rosin amide compound, mix and stir at 50°C until transparent, and that is an environmentally friendly micro-lubricant.

[0043] The preparation method of the above-mentioned maleic acid rosinamide compound is as follows:

[0044] Weigh 2700g of rosin and add it to a stirrer. Heat the mixture to 150℃ until it is completely melted. While stirring continuously, slowly add 294.18g (3mol) of maleic anhydride and 5.5g of cumene hydrogen peroxide catalyst. React at 180℃ for 3 hours to obtain rosin maleic anhydride intermediate. When the temperature of the rosin maleic anhydride intermediate drops to 136℃, add 630.84g (6mol) of diethanolamine and stir for 1 hour. After cooling, the brownish-red viscous substance is the maleic rosin amide compound. Example 3

[0045] Step 1: Weigh 2532.48g (16mol) of isodecanol and place it in a reactor. Add 889.9g (5mol) of pyrophosphate and mix and stir. React at 105℃ for 2.5 hours. The product A is acidic isodecanol pyrophosphate.

[0046] Step 2: Weigh 980.8g (5mol) of gluconic acid and add it to the reactor. Heat the mixture to 145℃ until it is completely melted. Add 525.7g (5mol) of diethanolamine to the reactor and maintain the temperature at 136℃ for 2 hours to allow the reaction to proceed. The resulting product B is basic glucosyl diethanolamine.

[0047] Step 3: Mix products A and B from steps 1 and 2 above, and stir thoroughly at 65°C for 1.5 hours to obtain an environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

[0048] Weigh 7600g of the environmentally friendly lubricant composition prepared above and 2400g of maleic acid rosin amide compound, mix and stir at 55°C until transparent, and that is an environmentally friendly micro-lubricant.

[0049] The preparation method of the above-mentioned maleic acid rosinamide compound is as follows:

[0050] Weigh 1900g of rosin and add it to a stirrer. Heat the mixture to 160℃ until it is completely melted. While stirring continuously, slowly add 196.12g (2mol) of maleic anhydride and 5.7g of tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide catalyst. React at 200℃ for 2 hours to obtain rosin maleic anhydride intermediate. When the temperature of the rosin maleic anhydride intermediate drops to 137℃, add 490.3g (5mol) of diethanolamine and stir for 1 hour. After cooling, the brownish-red viscous substance is the maleic rosin amide compound. Example 4

[0051] Step 1: Weigh 2849.04g (18mol) of isodecanol and place it in a reactor. Add 889.9g (5mol) of pyrophosphate and mix and stir. React at 105℃ for 2.5 hours. The product A is acidic isodecanol pyrophosphate.

[0052] Step 2: Weigh 980.8g (5mol) of gluconic acid and add it to the reactor. Heat the mixture to 148℃ until it is completely melted. Add 630.84g (6mol) of diethanolamine to the reactor and maintain the temperature at 137℃ for 2 hours to allow the reaction to proceed. The resulting product B is basic glucosyl diethanolamine.

[0053] Step 3: Mix products A and B from steps 1 and 2 above, and stir thoroughly at 65°C for 1 hour to obtain an environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

[0054] Weigh 7200g of the environmentally friendly lubricant composition prepared above and 2800g of maleic acid rosin amide compound, mix and stir at 60°C until transparent, and that is an environmentally friendly micro-lubricant.

[0055] The preparation method of the above-mentioned maleic acid rosinamide compound is as follows:

[0056] Weigh 2100g of rosin and add it to a stirrer. Heat the mixture to 170℃ until it is completely melted. While stirring continuously, slowly add 245.15g (2.5mol) of maleic anhydride and 4.5g of dicumyl peroxide catalyst. React at 190℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain rosin maleic anhydride intermediate. When the temperature of the rosin maleic anhydride intermediate drops to 138℃, add 630.84g (6mol) of diethanolamine and stir for 1 hour. After cooling, the brownish-red viscous substance is the maleic rosin amide compound. Example 5

[0057] Step 1: Weigh 3165.6g (20mol) of isodecanol and place it in a reactor. Add 889.9g (5mol) of pyrophosphate and mix and stir. React at 100℃ for 3 hours. The product A is acidic isodecanol pyrophosphate.

[0058] Step 2: Weigh 980.8g (5mol) of gluconic acid and add it to the reactor. Heat the mixture to 150℃ until it is completely melted. Add 525.7g (5mol) of diethanolamine to the reactor and maintain the temperature at 138℃ for 1.5 hours to allow the reaction to proceed. The resulting product B is basic glucosyl diethanolamine.

[0059] Step 3: Mix products A and B from steps 1 and 2 above, and stir thoroughly at 65°C for 1 hour to obtain an environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

[0060] Weigh 7500g of the environmentally friendly lubricant composition prepared above and 2500g of maleic acid rosin amide compound, mix and stir at 60°C until transparent, and that is an environmentally friendly micro-lubricant.

[0061] The preparation method of the above-mentioned maleic acid rosinamide compound is as follows:

[0062] Weigh 1900g of rosin and add it to a stirrer. Heat the mixture to 165℃ until it is completely melted. While stirring continuously, slowly add 196.12g (2mol) of maleic anhydride and 5g of di-tert-butyl peroxide catalyst. React at 190℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain rosin maleic anhydride intermediate. When the temperature of the rosin maleic anhydride intermediate drops to 140℃, add 525.7g (5mol) of diethanolamine and stir for 1 hour. After cooling, the brownish-red viscous substance is the maleic rosin amide compound.

[0063] The environmentally friendly micro-lubricant prepared in Example 5 above was mixed with water at a weight ratio of 1:3 and stirred until transparent. This mixture was then applied to micro-lubrication machining. The CNC lathe model is CJK-0620. Previously, it used KS-CUT300 emulsified cutting fluid (approximately 5% concentration) for circulating lubrication and cooling. Now, it has been replaced with a KS-2106 micro-lubrication device (2 nozzles, manufactured and supplied by our company) and the aforementioned environmentally friendly micro-lubricant. The machine operates for 8 hours per day.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly trace lubricant, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following components by weight percentage: 70-80% environmentally friendly lubricant composition; Maleic acid rosinamide compound 20-30%; The environmentally friendly lubricant composition is prepared from isodecanol, pyrophosphate, gluconic acid, and diethanolamine, wherein the molar ratio of isodecanol to pyrophosphate is 3-4:1; the molar ratio of gluconic acid to diethanolamine is 1:1-1.2; and the molar ratio of pyrophosphate to diethanolamine is 1:1-1.

2. The preparation method of the environmentally friendly lubricant composition: Step 1: Weigh isodecyl alcohol and place it in a reactor. Add pyrophosphate and mix with stirring. React at 100-110℃ for 2-3 hours to produce product A. Step 2: Weigh out gluconic acid and add it to the reactor. Heat it to 140-150℃ until it is completely melted. Add diethanolamine to the reactor and maintain the temperature at 135-140℃ for 1-2 hours to allow it to react fully. Product B is generated; Step one and step two can be performed in any order, or simultaneously; Step 3: Mix products A and B from steps 1 and 2, and stir thoroughly at 60-70℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain an environmentally friendly lubricant composition. The maleic acid rosin amide compound is prepared by first reacting rosin with maleic anhydride in an addition reaction, and then reacting it with diethanolamine.

2. The environmentally friendly trace lubricant as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of maleic anhydride to rosin is 1:8-10; the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to diethanolamine is 1:2-3.

3. The environmentally friendly trace lubricant as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the maleic acid rosinamide compound is as follows: Step 1: Add rosin to a stirrer and heat to 150-180℃ until completely melted. Then, slowly add maleic anhydride and catalyst while stirring continuously. React at 180-200℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain rosin maleic anhydride intermediate product. Step 2: When the temperature of the intermediate product from Step 1 drops to 135-140℃, add diethanolamine and stir for 1 hour. After cooling, the brownish-red viscous substance is the maleic acid rosinamide compound.

4. The environmentally friendly trace lubricant as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The catalyst is selected from one or a mixture of several peroxides.

5. The environmentally friendly trace lubricant as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The catalyst is selected from one or a mixture of several of cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, dicumene peroxide, and di-tert-butyl peroxide, and the amount of catalyst used is 0.2-0.3% of the rosin mass.

6. A method for preparing an environmentally friendly trace lubricant as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: When an environmentally friendly lubricant composition and a maleic acid rosin amide compound are mixed and stirred at 50-60°C until transparent, it becomes an environmentally friendly micro-lubricant.

7. The method of using an environmentally friendly micro-volume lubricant as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Add 2-5 times the amount of water, stir well, and then add to the micro-lubrication device for use.