A dual-band multi-polarization co-antenna array

Abstract

The application discloses a dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna, and relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, comprising a low-band horizontal polarization array antenna, a low-band vertical polarization array antenna, a high-band vertical polarization array antenna and an electromagnetic surface realized by a dielectric, a copper foil sheet and a dielectric metallization structure; wherein the dielectric is a laminated structure realized by four-layer dielectric plates, and the four-layer dielectric plates are respectively a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate and a fourth dielectric plate; each array antenna comprises a plurality of two-dimensionally distributed planar dipoles, and the planar dipoles of the low-band horizontal polarization array antenna are first planar dipoles; the height of the dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna is 0.12 lambda 0, less than half of the height of a conventional dipole antenna, and the radiation arm length is also shorter, so that the dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna has the characteristics of flatness and low profile compared with a conventional dipole realized by a metal rod or a metal plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave antenna technology, specifically to a dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In complex electromagnetic environments, electronic devices with single-polarization, single-band antennas are susceptible to interference. Dual-band, multi-polarization, common-aperture antennas can enhance their survivability in battlefield environments. Dual-band, multi-polarization, common-aperture antennas mainly achieve the expansion of antenna bands and polarizations by increasing the density of antenna types per unit area.

[0003] Considering the advantages of reliability, common aperture antennas are mostly in the form of metal dipoles, reflectors, or waveguide arrays. These three types of antennas have high reliability, but their profiles are high, and it is difficult to achieve two-dimensional wide-angle scanning of common aperture array antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solution for a low-profile, dual-band, multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna.

[0005] This invention solves the technical problem of two-dimensional wide-angle scanning in low-profile, common-aperture array antennas through the following technical solution. This invention includes a low-band horizontally polarized array antenna, a low-band vertically polarized array antenna, a high-band vertically polarized array antenna, and an electromagnetic surface, all realized through a dielectric, copper foil, and a dielectric metallization structure; wherein:

[0006] The medium is a laminated structure achieved by pressing together four dielectric plates, namely a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate, and a fourth dielectric plate;

[0007] Each of the array antennas includes multiple two-dimensionally distributed planar dipoles. The planar dipole in the low-band horizontally polarized array antenna is the first planar dipole, the planar dipole in the low-band vertically polarized array antenna is the second planar dipole, and the planar dipole in the high-band vertically polarized array antenna is the third planar dipole.

[0008] The electromagnetic surface comprises multiple two-dimensionally distributed strip-shaped copper foils;

[0009] The copper foil is used for the common grounding area of ​​the first planar dipole, the second planar dipole, and the third planar dipole.

[0010] Preferably, the first planar dipole and the second planar dipole are arranged in the same row and alternately; the third planar dipole and the strip-shaped copper foil on both sides are grouped together, and every two groups are arranged alternately with the low-band planar dipoles.

[0011] Preferably, the plurality of first planar dipoles and the plurality of second planar dipoles are both ordinary dense arrays with a two-dimensional array distribution, and the horizontal spacing and the vertical spacing are both d. 低 d 低 =0.5λ0, where λ0 is the vacuum wavelength of the center frequency in the low-band;

[0012] The plurality of the third planar dipoles are a one-dimensional sparse array distributed in a two-dimensional array, with equal-spaced sparse arrangement in the horizontal direction and a horizontal spacing of d. 高 The vertical arrangement is a regular, dense pattern with equal intervals, and the vertical spacing is 0.5d. 高 , where d 高 Length and d 低 equal.

[0013] Preferably, the electromagnetic surface is a common dense array composed of multiple strip-shaped copper foils, arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction with a spacing of 0.5d. 高 The horizontal arrangement is unequal, with an average spacing of 0.5d. 高 The spacing between the two strip copper foils on either side of the third plane dipole is greater than the spacing between the two strip copper foils on the same side, where d 高 Length and d 低 equal.

[0014] Preferably, the first planar dipole includes a first radiating arm and a first feed coaxial line electrically connecting the first radiating arm to the copper foil; the second planar dipole includes a second radiating arm and a second feed coaxial line electrically connecting the second radiating arm to the copper foil; the third planar dipole includes a third radiating arm and a third feed coaxial line electrically connecting the third radiating arm to the copper foil.

[0015] Preferably, both the first and second radiating arms are a pair of oppositely placed "Y"-shaped copper foils, both surface-mounted on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, with a "Y"-shaped copper foil length of 0.6λ. Lg The narrowest width is 0.027λ. Lg , where λ Lg The center frequency guide wavelength for the low-band;

[0016] Both the first and second radiating arms are slender structures with a maximum length-to-width ratio of 22:1.

[0017] The third radiating arm is a pair of oppositely placed "Y"-shaped copper foils, surface-mounted on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, with a length of 0.78λ. Hg The narrowest width is 0.062λ. Hg , where λ Hg The center frequency guide wavelength of the high-band is used, and the length of the third radiating arm is shorter than the lengths of the first and second radiating arms.

[0018] The third radiating arm is a slender structure with a maximum length-to-width ratio of 12:1.

[0019] Preferably, the strip-shaped copper foil is located on both sides of the third radiating arm of the third planar dipole, surface-mounted on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, and has a length of 0.496λ. Hg The width is 0.062λ. Hg , where λ Hg The center frequency guide wavelength for the high-band;

[0020] The strip-shaped copper foil has a slender structure with an aspect ratio of 8:1.

[0021] Preferably, each of the feeding coaxial cables consists of multiple metallized holes inside the dielectric. The multiple metallized holes are divided into inner and outer layers. The inner layer has one metallized hole located in the center, which is the inner conductor of the feeding coaxial cable. The outer layer has six metallized holes arranged in an irregular circle, which are the outer conductors of the feeding coaxial cable.

[0022] Preferably, the copper foil is a grounding area shared by all planar dipoles, and the copper foil includes multiple two-dimensional arrayed feeding rings, which are output ports. The multiple feeding rings correspond one-to-one with multiple coaxial feeds and are electrically connected.

[0023] The power feeding ring includes an inner circular copper foil, an outer copper foil, and an annular gap between the inner and outer copper foils. The inner circular copper foil of the power feeding ring is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the power feeding coaxial cable, and the outer copper foil is electrically connected to the six metallized holes on the outer layer of the power feeding coaxial cable.

[0024] Preferably, the first planar dipole and the second planar dipole have the same size, their radiating arms are perpendicular to each other, and their height is h, where h = 0.12λ0, and λ0 is the vacuum wavelength of the center frequency in the low-band.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. The dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna is made of dielectric, copper foil and metallization structure inside the dielectric, with a height of 0.12λ0. Compared with the height of 0.25λ0 of the traditional dipole antenna under air dielectric, the height is less than half of the height of the traditional dipole antenna. The length of the radiating arm is also shorter. Compared with the dipole antenna made of traditional metal rods, plates and other supports, it has the characteristics of flattening and low profile.

[0027] 2. The radiation arm of the planar dipole is coaxial with the feed in a rounded "Y"-shaped gradual structure. Compared with the non-gradual structure, this structure has the effect of reducing echo reflection and widening the operating bandwidth.

[0028] 3. The Y-shaped radiating arm of the low-band planar dipole is slender with a maximum length-to-width ratio of 22:1, which reduces the obstruction area of ​​the low-band antenna on the high-band antenna and increases the radiation performance of the high-band planar dipole.

[0029] 4. The maximum aspect ratio of the radiating arm of the high-band planar dipole is 12:1, and the aspect ratio of the strip copper foil is 8:1. Both are slender, which reduces the scattering area of ​​the high-band antenna to the low-band antenna and improves the radiation performance of the low-band planar dipole.

[0030] 5. Isolated high-band planar dipoles have poor wide-angle scanning performance. Adding strip-shaped copper foil can improve the active standing wave of its wide-angle scanning and enhance its radiation performance. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external shape of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a layered schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional perspective diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a planar perspective view of the present invention;

[0035] Figure a is a top view, and Figure b is a side view.

[0036] The numbers in the image represent:

[0037] 1-First planar dipole; 2-Second planar dipole; 3-Third planar dipole; 4-Strip copper foil; 5-Feeding ring; 6-Copper foil sheet; 7-First radiating arm; 8-Second radiating arm; 9-Third radiating arm; 10-First feeding coaxial; 11-Second feeding coaxial; 12-Third feeding coaxial; 13-First dielectric substrate; 14-Second dielectric substrate; 15-Third dielectric substrate; 16-Fourth dielectric substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The above-mentioned and other technical features and advantages of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] This embodiment provides a technical solution: a dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna, such as... Figure 1-4As shown, the common-aperture array antenna is a planar array antenna based on low-profile technology. It includes a dielectric material formed by stacking a first dielectric substrate 13, a second dielectric substrate 14, a third dielectric substrate 15, and a fourth dielectric substrate 16; a low-band horizontally polarized array antenna composed of multiple regularly arranged first planar dipoles 1; a low-band vertically polarized array antenna composed of multiple regularly arranged second planar dipoles 2; a high-band vertically polarized array antenna composed of multiple regularly arranged planar dipoles 3; an electromagnetic surface composed of multiple regularly arranged strip-shaped copper foils 4; and a copper foil sheet 6 attached to the bottom of the fourth dielectric substrate 16.

[0040] The first planar dipole 1 includes a first radiating arm 7 and a first feeding coaxial 10 electrically connecting the first radiating arm 7 to the copper foil 6; the second planar dipole 2 includes a second radiating arm 8 and a second feeding coaxial 11 electrically connecting the second radiating arm 8 to the copper foil 6; the third planar dipole 3 includes a third radiating arm 9 and a third feeding coaxial 12 electrically connecting the third radiating arm 9 to the copper foil 6.

[0041] The first radiating arm 7 of the first planar dipole 1 is opened laterally, the second radiating arm 8 of the second planar dipole 2 is opened longitudinally, and the two are attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 13 with an included angle of 90°. The third radiating arm 9 of the third planar dipole 3 is opened longitudinally and is attached to the upper surface of the third dielectric plate 15.

[0042] The first radiating arm 7 consists of a pair of oppositely placed "Y"-shaped copper foils, each with a length of 0.6λ. Lg The narrowest width is 0.027λ. Lg It has a height of 0.12λ0 and a maximum aspect ratio of 22:1. It is electrically connected to the copper foil 6 on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 16 via the first feeding coaxial cable 10, where λ Lg λ is the center frequency guide wavelength in the low-band, and λ0 is the center frequency vacuum wavelength in the low-band.

[0043] The second radiating arm 8 has the same shape and size as the first radiating arm 7, and the included angle between them is 90°. It is electrically connected to the copper foil 6 on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric plate 16 through the first power feeding coaxial cable 11.

[0044] The third radiating arm 9 consists of a pair of oppositely placed "Y"-shaped copper foils, with a length of 0.78λ. Hg The narrowest width of the radiating arm is 0.062λ. Hg The maximum aspect ratio is 12:1. It is electrically connected to the copper foil 6 of the fourth dielectric substrate 16 via the third feeding coaxial cable 12, where λ Hg It is the center frequency guide wavelength in the high-band.

[0045] Each coaxial power supply consists of 7 metallized holes, divided into inner and outer layers. The inner layer has one metallized hole in the center, while the outer layer has 6 metallized holes arranged in an approximately circular pattern. The metallized holes are conductive cylinders formed by dielectric metallization.

[0046] The strip-shaped copper foil 4 is a straight-line copper foil located on both sides of the third radiating arm 9, and is surface-mounted on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 15, with a length of 0.496λ. Hg The width is 0.062λ. Hg The aspect ratio is 8:1, where λ Hg It is the center frequency guide wavelength in the high-band.

[0047] The copper foil 6 is attached to the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 16 and serves as a grounding area shared by the first planar dipole 1, the second planar dipole 2, and the third planar dipole 3. The copper foil 6 has multiple two-dimensional array-distributed feeding rings 13, which are output ports. The inner circular copper foil is electrically connected to the inner metallized holes of the feeding coaxial (10, 11, and 12), and the outer copper foil is electrically connected to the six metallized holes around the feeding coaxial (10, 11, and 12). The multiple feeding rings 13 correspond one-to-one with the multiple feeding coaxial (10, 11, and 12).

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), the three wavebands of planar dipoles are staggered. The first planar dipole 1 and the second planar dipole 2 are arranged longitudinally and staggered. The third planar dipole 3 and the strip-shaped copper foil 4 on both sides of the lateral side form a combination. Every two groups are staggered with the first planar dipole 1 and the second planar dipole 2 in the lateral direction.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), a common dense array is formed by a two-dimensional array of multiple first planar dipoles 1, with the longitudinal spacing equal to the transverse spacing, and the spacing being d. 低 d 低 =0.5λ0, where λ0 is the center frequency vacuum wavelength of the low-band.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), a common dense array is formed by multiple second-plane dipoles 2 in a two-dimensional array distribution, with the longitudinal spacing equal to the transverse spacing, and the spacing being d. 低 d 低 =0.5λ0, where λ0 is the center frequency vacuum wavelength of the low-band.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), a one-dimensional sparse array is formed by a two-dimensional array of multiple third-plane dipoles 3, with equal vertical spacing of 0.5d. 高 The horizontal spacing is sparse and evenly spaced, with a horizontal spacing of d. 高 , where d 高=d 低 Here, one-dimensional sparsity refers to the relatively small number of horizontal units.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), the electromagnetic surface composed of multiple strip-shaped copper foils 4 is a two-dimensional array of ordinary dense arrays, arranged with unequal spacing in the transverse direction, with an average spacing of 0.5d. 高 The spacing between the two strip-shaped copper foils 4 on both sides of the third radiating arm 9 is greater than the spacing between the two strip-shaped copper foils 4 on the same side, and they are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction with a spacing of 0.5d. 高 , where d 高 =d 低 .

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art will understand that many changes, modifications, and even equivalents can be made within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, all of which will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-band multi-polarized co-axial array antenna, characterized in that: This includes low-band horizontally polarized array antennas, low-band vertically polarized array antennas, high-band vertically polarized array antennas, and electromagnetic surfaces, all implemented using dielectric materials, copper foil sheets, and dielectric metallization structures; among which: The medium is a laminated structure achieved by pressing together four dielectric plates, namely a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate, and a fourth dielectric plate; Each of the array antennas includes multiple two-dimensionally distributed planar dipoles. The planar dipole in the low-band horizontally polarized array antenna is the first planar dipole, the planar dipole in the low-band vertically polarized array antenna is the second planar dipole, and the planar dipole in the high-band vertically polarized array antenna is the third planar dipole. The electromagnetic surface comprises multiple two-dimensionally distributed strip-shaped copper foils; The copper foil sheet is used for the common grounding area of ​​the first planar dipole, the second planar dipole, and the third planar dipole; The first planar dipole includes a first radiating arm and a first feed coaxial line electrically connecting the first radiating arm to a copper foil sheet; the second planar dipole includes a second radiating arm and a second feed coaxial line electrically connecting the second radiating arm to a copper foil sheet; the third planar dipole includes a third radiating arm and a third feed coaxial line electrically connecting the third radiating arm to a copper foil sheet. The first radiation arm and the second radiation arm are a pair of "Y"-shaped copper foils oppositely arranged, and are attached to the upper surface of the first medium plate, the length of the "Y"-shaped copper foils is 0.6 The narrowest width is 0.027 Wherein is the central frequency wave length of the low wave band. Both the first and second radiating arms are slender structures with a maximum length-to-width ratio of 22:

1. The third radiating arm is a pair of oppositely placed "Y"-shaped copper foils, surface-mounted on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, with a length of 0.78 mm. The narrowest width is ,in The center frequency guide wavelength of the high-band is used, and the length of the third radiating arm is shorter than the lengths of the first and second radiating arms. The third radiating arm is a slender structure with a maximum length-to-width ratio of 12:

1.

2. The dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first planar dipole and the second planar dipole are arranged in the same row and alternately; the third planar dipole and the strip-shaped copper foil on both sides are grouped together, and every two groups are arranged alternately with the low-band planar dipoles.

3. A dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The plurality of first planar dipoles and the plurality of second planar dipoles are all ordinary dense arrays with a two-dimensional array distribution, and the horizontal and vertical spacings are both... , ,in The center frequency of the low-band vacuum wavelength; The plurality of the third planar dipoles are a one-dimensional sparse array distributed in a two-dimensional array, with equal-spaced sparse arrangement in the horizontal direction and a horizontal spacing of [missing information]. The vertical arrangement is a regular, dense pattern with equal intervals, and the vertical spacing is 0.

5. ,in Length and equal.

4. A dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic surface is a common dense array composed of multiple strip-shaped copper foils, arranged longitudinally at equal intervals with a spacing of 0.5 mm. The horizontal arrangement is unequal, with an average spacing of 0.

5. The spacing between the two strip copper foils on either side of the third plane dipole is greater than the spacing between the two strip copper foils on the same side. Length and equal.

5. A dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strip-shaped copper foil is located on both sides of the third radiating arm of the third planar dipole, and is surface-mounted on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, with a length of [missing information]. Width is ,in The center frequency guide wavelength for the high-band; The strip-shaped copper foil has a slender structure with an aspect ratio of 8:

1.

6. A dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned feed coaxial cables consists of multiple metallized holes within the dielectric. These multiple metallized holes are divided into inner and outer layers. The inner layer has one metallized hole located at the center, which serves as the inner conductor of the feed coaxial cable. The outer layer has six metallized holes arranged in an irregular circular pattern, which serve as the outer conductor of the feed coaxial cable.

7. A dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The copper foil sheet is a grounding area shared by all planar dipoles. The copper foil sheet includes multiple two-dimensional array-distributed feed rings, which are output ports. The multiple feed rings correspond one-to-one with multiple feed coaxial lines and are electrically connected. The power feeding ring includes an inner circular copper foil, an outer copper foil, and an annular gap between the inner and outer copper foils. The inner circular copper foil of the power feeding ring is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the power feeding coaxial cable, and the outer copper foil is electrically connected to the six metallized holes on the outer layer of the power feeding coaxial cable.

8. A dual-band multi-polarization common-aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second planar dipoles have the same dimensions, their radiating arms are perpendicular to each other, and their height is h, where h = 0.

12. ,in It is the center frequency of the vacuum wavelength in the low-band.

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