High front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading and communication device

Abstract

The application discloses a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading and communication equipment, and the patch antenna comprises a metal floor, a dielectric layer and a metal patch which are sequentially arranged, first and second floor gap units are arranged on opposite sides of the metal floor, and first and second coupling branch units are further arranged on a side of the dielectric layer away from the metal floor. The first and second floor gap units are arranged, the radiation generated by the gap arranged on the floor and the back radiation of the antenna are mutually offset, and thus the technical effect of high front-to-back ratio is achieved. Meanwhile, the first and second coupling branch units are arranged, the radiation intensity of the first and second floor gap units can be adjusted, and the ideal front-to-back ratio of the antenna is achieved. The patch antenna has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, low production cost, low profile, small size, light weight and wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microwave communication technology and relates to a patch antenna and communication device, specifically to a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna and communication device based on floor gap loading. Background Technology

[0002] Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in mobile communications, satellite communications, radar ranging, and human body sensing due to their advantages of low profile, light weight, ease of fabrication, and low cost. In directional radiation applications, high requirements are often placed on the antenna's radiation pattern, especially its backscattering. For example, in human body sensing radar applications, excessive backscattering may cause people behind the antenna to be detected, leading to false triggering. In mobile communication systems, backscattering can interfere with the control circuitry behind the antenna. In satellite communications, backscattering can cause electromagnetic waves to harm the health of people behind the antenna. Therefore, reducing the intensity of backscattering and improving the antenna's front-to-back ratio are pressing technical problems that need to be addressed.

[0003] According to the finite-ground diffraction theory of patch antennas, in order to make the patch antenna have an ideal front-to-back ratio, a very large ground plane needs to be designed to suppress back radiation. However, an excessively large ground plane area will lead to a large space occupied by the antenna and will not meet the requirements for antenna miniaturization.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, L. Zhang et al. added a composite reflective cavity with unequal-length cross fins on the back of the dipole antenna. This enhanced the forward gain while reducing back diffraction and significantly improved the front-to-back ratio of the antenna (Single-Feed Ultra-Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna With Enhanced Front-to-Back Ratio. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2015, 64(1):1-1. Zhang L, Gao S, Luo Q, et al.).

[0005] Researchers at the University of Illinois improved the performance of microstrip antennas on finite ground planes through ground plane edgeserrations by making the edges of the patch antenna floor serrated. IEEE Microwave & Wireless Components Letters, 2002, 12(8):308-310. HUFF, GH, BERNHARD, et al.

[0006] ZXLiang et al. created a semi-circular sidewall by bending the edge of the floor, causing the diffracted electromagnetic waves to continuously lose energy and reduce intensity as they crawl along the semi-circular sidewall, thereby suppressing back radiation (ABroadband Dual-Polarized Antenna with Front-to-Back Ratio Enhancement Using Semi-CylindricalSidewalls.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, PP(99):1-1.LiangZ,LuC,LiY,etal.).

[0007] In addition, there is a solution that starts with metamaterial loading technology. Since the back-diffracted electromagnetic waves of the patch antenna usually crawl to the edge through the floor, EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) material with band-stop characteristics is loaded at or below the floor edge of the patch antenna. EBG material resonates with electromagnetic waves of a specific wavelength and reflects them. The diffracted electromagnetic waves are cut off by EBG material during propagation, thereby improving the front-to-back ratio (Influence of EBG structure scattering characteristics on antenna front-to-back ratio performance. Mobile Communications, 2014(6):7. Chen Bijian, Lai Zhanjun, Xue Fengzhang).

[0008] However, the above-mentioned solutions have many shortcomings in patch antenna engineering technology. For example, reflective cavities are generally used in dipole designs, which would greatly increase the cross-section for patch antennas; techniques such as bending the ground plane edge have difficulties in processing, and when the ground plane size is small, the back radiation suppression performance is very limited or even fails; while loading metamaterials technology greatly increases the ground plane size, making it impossible to achieve antenna miniaturization.

[0009] In view of this, it is necessary to further improve the microstrip patch antenna in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing technical solutions for improving the front-to-back ratio of patch antennas result in high antenna profile, large size, and high processing difficulty. Therefore, the present invention proposes a low profile, small size, and easy-to-process patch antenna and communication device based on floor gap loading with high front-to-back ratio.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0012] The first aspect of the present invention provides a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading, comprising a metal ground plate, a dielectric layer and a metal patch arranged sequentially. A first floor gap unit and a second floor gap unit are provided on opposite sides of the metal ground plate. A first coupling stub unit and a second coupling stub unit are also provided on the side of the dielectric layer away from the metal ground plate. The first coupling stub unit and the second coupling stub unit are respectively arranged corresponding to the positions of the first floor gap unit and the second floor gap unit.

[0013] Preferably, the first floor gap unit and the second floor gap unit are located on both sides of the metal patch, and correspondingly, the first coupling branch unit and the second coupling branch unit are located on both sides of the metal patch.

[0014] Preferably, the first floor gap unit extends from one end of the metal floor to the other end, and the first floor gap unit includes a first gap, a second gap and a third gap that are spaced apart; the second floor gap unit is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first floor gap unit, and the second floor gap unit includes a fourth gap, a fifth gap and a sixth gap that are spaced apart.

[0015] Preferably, the spacing between the first, second, and third slits, and the spacing between the fourth, fifth, and sixth slits, are all 0.18-0.25 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength; the width of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth slits is 0.015-0.03 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

[0016] Preferably, the distance between the first floor gap unit and the second floor gap unit is 0.27-0.35 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

[0017] Preferably, the distance between the first coupling stub unit, the second coupling stub unit and the metal patch is 0.15-0.75 mm.

[0018] Preferably, the first coupling branch unit and the second coupling branch unit are symmetrically arranged with respect to the metal patch; wherein, the first coupling branch unit includes a first coupling branch and a second coupling branch arranged at intervals, and the second coupling branch unit includes a third coupling branch and a fourth coupling branch arranged at intervals.

[0019] Preferably, the first, second, third, and fourth coupling branches are all in the form of an I-shape, and the width of the first, second, third, and fourth coupling branches is 0.02-0.06 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

[0020] Preferably, the ends of the first coupling stub unit and the second coupling stub unit away from the metal patch are connected to the metal floor via a grounding mechanism; the metal patch is connected to the metal floor via a power supply mechanism.

[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides a communication device comprising the aforementioned high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0023] The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor slot loading provided by this invention includes a metal ground plate, a dielectric layer, and a metal patch arranged sequentially. A first floor slot element and a second floor slot element are formed on opposite sides of the metal ground plate. A first coupling stub element and a second coupling stub element are also formed on the side of the dielectric layer away from the metal ground plate. The first and second coupling stub elements are respectively positioned corresponding to the first and second floor slot elements. By forming the first and second floor slot elements in the ground plate, the radiation generated by the slots in the ground plate cancels out the back radiation of the antenna, thereby achieving a high front-to-back ratio. Simultaneously, by setting the first and second coupling stub elements, the radiation intensity of the first and second floor slot elements can be adjusted to achieve an ideal front-to-back ratio. This patch antenna has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has low production cost, and has the advantages of low profile, small size, and light weight, making it suitable for a wider range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein...

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first coupling stub in a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a simulated E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a simulated E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of a traditional patch antenna;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a curve showing the return loss of a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading as a function of frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1-Metal floor; 11-First floor gap unit; 111-First gap; 112-Second gap; 113-Third gap; 12-Second floor gap unit; 121-Fourth gap; 122-Fifth gap; 123-Sixth gap; 2-Dielectric layer; 3-Metal patch; 4-First coupling branch unit; 41-First coupling branch; 411-First branch; 412-Second branch; 413-Connecting branch; 42-Second coupling branch; 5-Second coupling branch unit; 51-Third coupling branch; 52-Fourth coupling branch; 6-Grounding mechanism; 7-Feeding mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed during use, or the orientation or positional relationship in which those skilled in the art would usually understand. They are only used to facilitate the description of this invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0036] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this invention are merely for descriptive purposes and have no special meaning.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "install" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] Example

[0039] This embodiment provides a high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1-5 The patch antenna comprises, from bottom to top, a metal ground plane 1, a dielectric layer 2, and a metal patch 3 stacked sequentially. In this embodiment, the metal ground plane 1 is a rectangular plate, with a first ground plane slot unit 11 and a second ground plane slot unit 12 respectively formed on its opposite sides. The first ground plane slot unit 11 and the second ground plane slot unit 12 penetrate the metal ground plane 1. A first coupling stub unit 4 and a second coupling stub unit 5 are also provided on the surface of the dielectric layer 2 away from the metal ground plane 1, with the first coupling stub unit 4 positioned corresponding to the first ground plane slot unit 11 and the second coupling stub unit 5 positioned corresponding to the second ground plane slot unit 12.

[0040] The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor slot loading provided in this embodiment achieves this by creating a first floor slot unit 11 and a second floor slot unit 12 in the metal floor 1. According to finite element electric field calculations, when the patch antenna is operating, the first floor slot unit 11 and the second floor slot unit 12 generate magnetic current sources that are complementary to the edge of the metal patch 3 in the opposite direction. Due to the bidirectional radiation and opposite direction of these magnetic current sources, the far-field radiation pattern generated by these sources cancels out the radiation pattern of the patch antenna in the opposite direction, but the forward radiation is minimally affected. This significantly increases the front-to-back ratio of the patch antenna, achieving the desired high front-to-back ratio. By setting a first coupling stub unit 4 and a second coupling stub unit 5 and adjusting their coupling strength, the edge signal of the patch antenna can be connected to the other side of the floor slot unit via coupling. This further adjusts the radiation intensity of the first floor slot unit 11 and the second floor slot unit 12, achieving the ideal front-to-back ratio. Meanwhile, this patch antenna has a simple structure, is easy to process, has low production cost, and has the advantages of low profile, small size, and light weight, making it more widely applicable.

[0041] In this embodiment, the metal patch 3 is also a rectangular sheet structure. More preferably, the metal floor 1, the dielectric layer 2, and the metal patch 3 adopt a square structure, wherein the size of the metal patch 3 is smaller than the size of the metal floor 1 and the dielectric layer 2, and it is located in the center of the dielectric layer 2. Correspondingly, the metal patch 3 is located in the center of the metal floor 1. The first floor gap unit 11 and the second floor gap unit 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the metal patch 3, and the first coupling branch unit 4 and the second coupling branch unit 5 are also symmetrically arranged on both sides of the metal patch 3. This arrangement can ensure the intensity and radiation effect of the equivalent magnetic current on the metal floor 1.

[0042] As an alternative implementation, the dielectric layer 2 can also be an air dielectric, and the metal patch 3, the first coupling branch unit 4, and the second coupling branch unit 5 are connected to the metal floor 1 through a support structure.

[0043] like Figure 1-2As shown, the first floor gap unit 11 extends from one end of the metal floor 1 to the other end, and is arranged parallel to the edge of the metal floor 1. Specifically, the first floor gap unit 11 includes a first gap 111, a second gap 112, and a third gap 113 spaced apart. The first gap 111, the second gap 112, and the third gap 113 extend sequentially from one end of the metal floor 1 to the other end. The spacing between the first gap 111, the second gap 112, and the third gap 113 is 0.18-0.25 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength. In this embodiment, preferably, the spacing between the first gap 111, the second gap 112, and the third gap 113 is 0.2 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength. The first gap 111, the second gap 112, and the third gap 113 are all rectangular gaps, and the width of each gap is 0.015-0.03 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength. In this embodiment, preferably, it is 0.02 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

[0044] The second floor gap unit 12 is symmetrically arranged on the opposite side of the first floor gap unit 11. The distance between the first floor gap unit 11 and the second floor gap unit 12 is 0.27-0.35 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength, preferably 0.3 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength in this embodiment. The second floor gap unit 12 extends from one end of the metal floor 1 to the other end, and is arranged parallel to the edge of the metal floor 1 and the first floor gap unit 11. In this embodiment, the distance from the second floor gap unit 12 to the edge of the adjacent metal floor 1 is the same as the distance from the first floor gap unit 11 to the edge of the adjacent metal floor 1.

[0045] The second floor gap unit 12 includes a fourth gap 121, a fifth gap 122, and a sixth gap 123 spaced apart. The fourth gap 121, fifth gap 122, and sixth gap 123 extend sequentially from one end of the metal floor 1 to the other end. The spacing between the fourth gap 121, fifth gap 122, and sixth gap 123 is 0.18-0.25 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength. Preferably, in this embodiment, the spacing between the fourth gap 121, fifth gap 122, and sixth gap 123 is 0.2 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength. The fourth gap 121, fifth gap 122, and sixth gap 123 are all rectangular gaps, and the width of each gap is 0.015-0.03 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength. Preferably, in this embodiment, it is 0.02 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

[0046] With the aforementioned gap width parameters, a good radiation effect can be ensured without increasing the size of the metal ground plane 1, allowing the patch antenna to maintain a good front-to-back ratio within a smaller size.

[0047] Furthermore, the surface (upper surface) of the dielectric layer 2 where the metal patch 3 is located is also provided with a first coupling branch unit 4 and a second coupling branch unit 5. That is, the first coupling branch unit 4 and the second coupling branch unit 5 are on the same surface as the metal patch 3, and the first coupling branch unit 4 and the second coupling branch unit 5 are symmetrically located on both sides of the metal patch 3. The first coupling branch unit 4 and the second coupling branch unit 5 are spaced apart from the metal patch 3, and the distance between the first coupling branch unit 4 and the second coupling branch unit 5 and the metal patch 3 is 0.15-0.75 mm. In this embodiment, the distance between the first coupling branch unit 4 and the metal patch 3 is preferably 0.6 mm, and the distance between the second coupling branch unit 5 and the metal patch 3 is also preferably 0.3 mm. By spaced apart the first coupling branch unit 4 and the second coupling branch unit 5 from the metal patch 3, an ideal coupling capacitance can be obtained at the above-mentioned distance.

[0048] As shown in the figure, the first coupling branch unit 4 includes a first coupling branch 41 and a second coupling branch 42 arranged at intervals, and the second coupling branch unit 5 includes a third coupling branch 51 and a fourth coupling branch 52 arranged at intervals. The first coupling branch 41, the second coupling branch 42, the third coupling branch 51, and the fourth coupling branch 52 have the same structure, all being I-shaped. Taking the first coupling branch 41 as an example (e.g....), Figure 4 As shown, it includes a first branch 411 disposed near the metal patch 3 and parallel to the edge of the metal patch 3, and a second branch 412 disposed away from the metal patch 3 and parallel to the first branch 411. The first branch 411 and the second branch 412 are connected by a connecting branch 413, which is perpendicular to the first branch 411 and the second branch 412. The projection of the second gap 112 falls on the connecting branch of the first coupling branch 41 and the second coupling branch 42, and the projection of the fifth gap 122 falls on the connecting branch of the third coupling branch 51 and the fourth coupling branch 52. Thus, the radiation intensity of the first floor gap unit 1 and the second floor gap unit 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the coupling strength of the first coupling branch unit 4 and the second coupling branch unit 5.

[0049] The widths of the first coupling branch 41, the second coupling branch 42, the third coupling branch 51, and the fourth coupling branch 52 are 0.02-0.06 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength, and can be adjusted according to actual conditions. By adjusting the widths of the first coupling branch 41, the second coupling branch 42, the third coupling branch 51, and the fourth coupling branch 52, as well as the distance between the coupling branches and the metal patch, the magnetic current magnitudes of the first floor gap unit 1 and the second floor gap unit 2 can be adjusted to counteract the back radiation of the metal patch 3, thereby obtaining an ideal front-to-back ratio effect. In this embodiment, the widths of the first coupling branch 41, the second coupling branch 42, the third coupling branch 51, and the fourth coupling branch 52 are preferably 0.04 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

[0050] Furthermore, a grounding mechanism 6 is provided at the end of the first coupling stub unit 4 and the second coupling stub unit 5 away from the metal patch 3 (taking the first coupling stub 41 as an example, where the second stub 4102 is located). In this embodiment, the grounding mechanism 6 adopts a metallized via, with one end of the metallized via connected to the first coupling stub unit 4 and the second coupling stub unit 5, and the other end penetrating the dielectric layer 2 and connected to the metal ground plate 1. On the one hand, the first coupling stub unit 4 and the second coupling stub unit 5 guide current from the metal patch 3 through electromagnetic induction coupling and connect to the side of the metal ground plate 1 where the ground plate slot unit is provided through the grounding mechanism 6. On the other hand, there is an induced current on the metal patch 3 on the metal ground plate 1. The two counterbalance each other, so the radiation intensity of the ground plate slot unit can be adjusted by adjusting the coupling strength of the first coupling stub unit 4 and the second coupling stub unit 5, ultimately achieving the technical effect of adjusting the front-to-back ratio of the antenna. At the same time, the arrangement of the first coupling stub unit 4 and the second coupling stub unit 5 will not affect the resonant characteristics of the metal patch 3.

[0051] To supply power to the metal patch 3, the metal patch 3 is connected to the power supply port provided on the metal floor 1 via the power supply mechanism 7.

[0052] By loading a floor gap onto the metal floor 1, complementary magnetic flux sources are fabricated on the patch antenna. The radiation intensity of the magnetic flux is adjusted by coupling stub units, so that the far-field radiation of the magnetic flux source cancels out the back radiation of the metal patch 3, resulting in excellent front-to-back ratio performance.

[0053] Experimental Example

[0054] 1. Simulated E- and H-plane radiation patterns of the high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading provided in the embodiment, and simulated E- and H-plane radiation patterns of a traditional patch antenna of the same size without floor gap loading were tested respectively. The test results are as follows: Figures 6-7 As shown.

[0055] As can be seen from the figure, by creating the first floor slot element 11 and the second floor slot element 12 in the metal floor 1, the front-to-back ratio of the patch antenna is significantly improved. Without the aforementioned floor slot elements, the front-to-back ratio of the patch antenna is only around 10 dB. Figure 7 After loading the aforementioned floor gap unit, the patch front-to-back ratio reached 23dB. Figure 6 Backward radiation from the patch is significantly suppressed.

[0056] 2. The test example shows the return loss curve of the high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading as a function of frequency. The test results are as follows: Figure 8As shown in the figure, when the first floor gap unit 11 and the second floor gap unit 12 are set on the metal floor 1, there is no significant impact on the resonant performance of the patch antenna.

[0057] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading, characterized in that, The device includes a metal floor, a dielectric layer, and a metal patch arranged in sequence. A first floor gap unit and a second floor gap unit are provided on opposite sides of the metal floor. The first floor gap unit extends from one end of the metal floor to the other end, and the second floor gap unit is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first floor gap unit. On the side of the dielectric layer away from the metal floor, a first coupling branch unit and a second coupling branch unit are also provided. The first and second coupling branch units correspond to the positions of the first and second floor gap units, respectively, and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the metal patch. The first coupling branch unit includes a first coupling branch and a second coupling branch arranged at intervals, and the second coupling branch unit includes a third coupling branch and a fourth coupling branch arranged at intervals. All three coupling branches have an I-shaped structure.

2. The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first floor gap unit and the second floor gap unit are located on both sides of the metal patch, and correspondingly, the first coupling branch unit and the second coupling branch unit are located on both sides of the metal patch.

3. The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first floor gap unit includes a first gap, a second gap, and a third gap that are spaced apart; and the second floor gap unit includes a fourth gap, a fifth gap, and a sixth gap that are spaced apart.

4. The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spacing between the first, second, and third slits, and the spacing between the fourth, fifth, and sixth slits, are all 0.18-0.25 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength; the width of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth slits is 0.015-0.03 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

5. The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the first floor gap unit and the second floor gap unit is 0.27-0.35 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

6. The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The distance between the first coupling stub unit, the second coupling stub unit and the metal patch is 0.15-0.75 mm.

7. The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading according to claim 6, characterized in that, The widths of the first, second, third, and fourth coupling stubs are 0.02-0.06 times the center frequency vacuum wavelength.

8. The high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ends of the first coupling stub unit and the second coupling stub unit furthest from the metal patch are connected to the metal grounding plate via a grounding mechanism; the metal patch is connected to the metal grounding plate via a power supply mechanism.

9. A communication device, characterized in that, Including the high front-to-back ratio patch antenna based on floor gap loading as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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