An atomic spectroscopy laser frequency stabilization system, method and apparatus employing a metasurface

Abstract

The application discloses a superficies-based atomic spectrum laser frequency stabilization system, method and equipment, and relates to the field of lasers. A half-wave plate obtains first polarized laser; a 1 / 4 wave plate generates laser in an arbitrary polarization state as frequency stabilization light; a superficies-alkali metal atom cell changes the transmission direction of the frequency stabilization light to form reflected light; the reflected light returns to a beam splitter to obtain first laser; part of the frequency stabilization light transmits through the superficies to form transmitted light; the superficies regulates the power ratio and the polarization state of the reflected light; the polarization state of the reflected light and the power ratio of the reflected light and the transmitted light are changed; the best sharp atomic transparent absorption peak in atomic absorption spectrum is obtained; a detector receives reflected and transmitted output signals; the reflected output signal, the transmitted output signal and the reflected and transmitted processing signal can all obtain atomic spectrum. The application realizes miniaturization, multifunctional regulation and control and batch production of the laser frequency stabilization system based on the superficies-based atomic spectrum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser technology, and in particular to a frequency stabilization system, method and device for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of atomic optics, quantum optics, and quantum electrodynamics, researchers have conducted in-depth studies on the interaction between light and atoms, leading to the development of various precision measuring instruments based on quantum optical theory, such as optically pumped magnetometers, atomic clocks, and atomic gyroscopes. These instruments occupy important positions in basic scientific research, military applications such as aerospace and navigation, and civilian applications such as biomedical detection. Among these, lasers, as an indispensable component in the light-matter interaction system, determine the measurement accuracy of the entire system through their frequency stability. Therefore, researchers have proposed various methods to stabilize the operating frequency of lasers.

[0003] Atomic saturated absorption spectral stabilization utilizes the stable absorption characteristic spectral lines of atoms. Through optical path design, it eliminates the Doppler frequency shift, locking the optical frequency onto an extremely narrow atomic spectral line. This method is widely used due to its high precision and stability. Traditional atomic saturated absorption spectral stabilization typically includes a strong laser beam as a pump beam, a weak laser beam as a probe beam, a lens waveplate group, an atomic gas cell, and a detector, etc. Figure 1 As shown, by utilizing the resonance between two beams of light and atoms moving at a specific velocity, the Doppler effect is eliminated, eliminating the appearance of an extremely narrow peak. By locking the light frequency at the peak, optical frequency stabilization is achieved. Implementing this process using discrete components results in a large system size, and further complexity requires additional waveplates to adjust power or polarization. However, with the rapid development of modern technology and the wide expansion of its applications, such as satellite deployment, underwater ocean exploration, and biological detection, higher demands are placed on the miniaturization, lightweight design, ease of control, and mass production of the entire system. Traditional atomic saturated absorption frequency stabilization devices are complex and cumbersome, making them difficult to implement and thus a problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an atomic absorption spectroscopy laser frequency stabilization system, method, and device using a metasurface. Through structural design, a metasurface with adjustable polarization, power, and transmission direction is achieved. Combined with alkali metal atomic gas, this results in a miniaturized, multifunctional, and mass-producible atomic absorption spectroscopy frequency stabilization system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide the following solutions:

[0006] A frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface includes:

[0007] Laser, used to generate laser light;

[0008] A half-wave plate is disposed in the laser beam path to perform a first rotation on the laser polarization azimuth angle to obtain a first polarized laser.

[0009] A quarter-wave plate is placed in the first polarized laser beam path to perform a second rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the first polarized laser, generating laser light with arbitrary polarization state as frequency-stabilized light;

[0010] A beam splitter is disposed in the laser beam path of the arbitrary polarization state, and is used to send the laser beam of the arbitrary polarization state to the metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, and to reflect the reflected light after passing through the metasurface-alkali metal gas cell to the detector.

[0011] The metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, disposed in the frequency-stabilized optical path, is used for:

[0012] The transmission direction of the frequency-stabilized light is changed, and part of the frequency-stabilized light is reflected by the metasurface to form reflected light; the reflected light returns to the beam splitter along the original path to obtain the first laser; part of the frequency-stabilized light passes through the metasurface to form transmitted light;

[0013] Change the power ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light;

[0014] By adjusting the polarization state of the reflected light and the polarization state of the transmitted light, the sharpest atomic transparent absorption peak in the atomic absorption spectrum is obtained;

[0015] A first detector is used to receive the first laser beam and obtain a reflected output signal; and to obtain a reflected atomic absorption spectrum based on the reflected output signal.

[0016] The second detector is used to receive the transmitted light and obtain a transmitted output signal; to obtain a transmitted atomic absorption spectrum based on the transmitted output signal; and to perform signal processing on the reflected output signal and the transmitted output signal to obtain a processed atomic absorption spectrum.

[0017] Optionally, the laser light is of arbitrary polarization.

[0018] Optionally, the preset splitting mode includes: fiber optic splitting mode or spatial light splitting mode;

[0019] The fiber optic splitting mode employs a 2×2 coupler; the coupling splitting ratio of the 2×2 coupler is between 1:9 and 1:99.

[0020] The spatial light splitting mode employs an unpolarized beam splitter; the splitting ratio of the unpolarized beam splitter is between 1:9 and 1:99.

[0021] Optionally,

[0022] The first polarized laser enters the 2×2 coupler after passing through the polarization controller. The polarization state of the first polarized laser is changed by the polarization controller, and the frequency-stabilized light is obtained through the 2×2 coupler.

[0023] Optionally, the metasurface adjusts the polarization, amplitude, and transmission direction of the laser in the arbitrary polarization state.

[0024] Optionally, the interior of the alkali metal atom gas chamber is filled with potassium atoms, cesium atoms, or rubidium atoms under vacuum; the shell of the alkali metal atom gas chamber is made of borosilicate glass or quartz glass using a melting process or a silicon-based glass-bonded gas chamber based on MEMS technology.

[0025] Optionally, the metasurface and the alkali metal atom gas chamber are assembled using a discrete structure or an integrated packaging process.

[0026] A method for stabilizing the frequency of an atomic spectral laser using a metasurface includes:

[0027] Acquire laser light; perform a first rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the laser light to obtain a first polarized laser light; perform a second rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the first polarized laser light to generate laser light with arbitrary polarization state, which is used as frequency-stabilized light;

[0028] The laser light of arbitrary polarization state is sent to the metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, and the reflected light after passing through the metasurface-alkali metal gas cell is reflected into the detector;

[0029] A metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell is placed in the frequency-stabilized light path; the transmission direction of the frequency-stabilized light is changed so that part of the frequency-stabilized light is reflected by the metasurface to form reflected light; the reflected light returns to the beam splitter along the original path to obtain the first laser; part of the frequency-stabilized light passes through the metasurface to form transmitted light;

[0030] The power ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light is changed based on the metasurface structure;

[0031] By controlling the polarization state of the reflected light and the polarization state of the transmitted light based on the metasurface structure, the sharpest atomic transparent absorption peak in the atomic absorption spectrum is obtained.

[0032] The first laser beam is received to obtain a reflected output signal; the reflected atomic absorption spectrum is obtained based on the reflected output signal.

[0033] The transmitted light is received to obtain a transmitted output signal; a transmitted atomic absorption spectrum is obtained based on the transmitted output signal; signal processing is performed on the reflected output signal and the transmitted output signal to obtain a processed atomic absorption spectrum.

[0034] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the aforementioned method for stabilizing the atomic spectral laser using a metasurface.

[0035] A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed, implements the aforementioned method for stabilizing the atomic spectral laser using a metasurface.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, thanks to the rapid development of micro-nano manufacturing technology, the concept of micro-nano integration of devices has been extended to multiple application fields and is gradually becoming a reality. Utilizing micro-nano processing technology, it is possible to achieve optical field modulation and output at the micro-nano scale, while possessing high consistency and the ability to mass-produce. Therefore, combining micro-nano photonics technology with atomic absorption spectroscopy is a reliable way to realize miniaturized, lightweight, easily tunable, and low-cost laser frequency stabilization devices.

[0037] This invention provides a tunable metasurface-based frequency stabilization device for atomic absorption spectrometer lasers, achieved by combining a tunable metasurface with an alkali metal atom gas cell. The metasurface structure design enables control over beam polarization, power, and propagation direction at micro- and nano-scale dimensions. By replacing the waveplate combination with optical field adjustment capabilities in traditional atomic saturated absorption spectrum frequency stabilization devices with a metasurface, the system complexity and device size are significantly reduced, while also offering the advantage of flexible control.

[0038] This invention utilizes micro-nano fabrication processes to fabricate tunable metasurfaces. Simultaneously, atomic gas cells can be fabricated using MEMS processes. Finally, a bonding process is used to achieve integrated encapsulation of the metasurface and atomic gas cells. Micro-nano fabrication processes offer advantages such as mass production and high consistency; therefore, tunable metasurface-atomic gas cell fabrications based on micro-nano fabrication processes show promise for mass production at low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a conventional adjustable power ratio, output polarization state atomic saturated absorption spectrum laser frequency stabilization device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of metasurface polarization, amplitude, and propagation direction control provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the metasurface-atom gas cell integration process provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 The metasurface-atomic gas cell discrete mode (spatial light) provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 The metasurface-atomic gas cell integrated mode (spatial light) provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 The metasurface-atomic gas cell discrete mode (fiber structure) provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 The metasurface-atomic gas cell integrated mode (fiber structure) provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] Symbol explanation:

[0048] Laser-105, half-wave plate-106, quarter-wave plate-107, beam splitter-108, alkali metal atom gas cell-109, metasurface-110, first detector-111, second detector-112, polarization controller-113, 2×2 coupler-114, collimator-115, cavity-103, alkali metal atom release agent-104, metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell 101. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The purpose of this invention is to provide a frequency stabilization system, method, and device for atomic spectral lasers using metasurfaces, in order to solve the problems of complex structure, large size, and difficulty in control of existing traditional atomic saturated absorption spectral laser frequency stabilization devices.

[0051] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0052] Figure 5 An exemplary structure of the aforementioned frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface is shown. The modules are described in detail below.

[0053] Laser 105 is used to generate laser light;

[0054] A half-wave plate 106 is disposed in the laser optical path to perform a first rotation on the laser polarization azimuth angle to obtain a first polarized laser.

[0055] A quarter-wave plate 107 is disposed in the first polarized laser optical path to perform a second rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the first polarized laser, thereby generating laser light with arbitrary polarization state as frequency-stabilized light.

[0056] Beam splitter 108 is disposed in the laser beam path of the arbitrary polarization state, and is used to send the arbitrary polarization laser to the metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, and to reflect the reflected light after passing through the metasurface-alkali metal gas cell to the detector.

[0057] The preset beam splitting mode includes: fiber beam splitting mode or spatial light beam splitting mode;

[0058] The fiber optic splitting mode employs a 2×2 coupler 112; the coupling splitting ratio of the 2×2 coupler 112 is between 1:9 and 1:99.

[0059] The spatial light splitting mode employs an unpolarized beam splitter; the splitting ratio of the unpolarized beam splitter is between 1:9 and 1:99.

[0060] The spatial light splitting mode is as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, where Figure 4 The described mode is characterized by the use of discrete alkali metal atom gas cells 109 and metasurfaces 110. Specifically, a laser 105 emits a beam of light, which is split by a half-wave plate 106, a quarter-wave plate 107, and a beam splitter 108. One beam is used as the output light for the frequency-stabilized system, while the other beam enters the alkali metal atom gas cell 109 and illuminates the metasurface 110. Part of the light is reflected by the metasurface 110 and returns along its original path, passing through the alkali metal atom gas cell 109 and the beam splitter 108 before entering the first detector 111, resulting in reflected light output. The other part of the light passes through the metasurface 110 and is received by the second detector 112, resulting in transmitted light output. This is how the frequency stabilization device is built. Further integration can be achieved using an integrated metasurface and atom gas system, such as... Figure 5As shown, the specific process is as follows: Laser 105 emits a beam of light, which is split by a half-wave plate 106, a quarter-wave plate 107, and a beam splitter 108. One beam is used as the output light for the system after frequency stabilization, while the other beam enters the metasurface-alkali metal atomic gas cell 101. Part of the light is reflected by the metasurface-alkali metal atomic gas cell 101 and returns along the original path, passing through the beam splitter 108 and entering the first detector 111, thus achieving reflected light output. The other part of the light passes through the metasurface-alkali metal atomic gas cell 101 and is received by the second detector 112, resulting in transmitted light output. By rotating the quarter-wave plate 107, the power ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light can be dynamically changed to obtain the optimal atomic absorption peak and improve the accuracy of atomic absorption spectrum frequency stabilization.

[0061] The fiber splitting mode is as follows: Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, when the alkali metal atom gas chamber 109 and the metasurface 110 exist separately, the device is constructed as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the specific process is as follows: the laser 105 is output through an optical fiber, passes through a polarization controller 113, a 2×2 coupler 114, and a collimator 115, and is incident into the alkali metal atom gas cell 109, illuminating the metasurface 110. Part of the light is reflected and controlled by the metasurface 110 and returns along the original path, then output through the 2×2 coupler to the first detector 111 for reception. The other part of the light passes through the metasurface 110 and is received by the second detector 112. To further improve integration, an integrated packaging device for the metasurface and the atom gas cell is used, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the laser 105 passes through an optical fiber, a polarization controller 113, a 2×2 coupler 114, and a collimator 115 before being incident on the metasurface-alkali metal atomic gas cell 101. Part of the light is reflected and controlled by the metasurface-alkali metal atomic gas cell 101 and returns along the same path, then is output through the 2×2 coupler to the first detector 111 for reception. The other part of the light passes through the metasurface-alkali metal atomic gas cell 101 and is received by the second detector 112. Adjusting the polarization controller 113 to change the incident light illuminating the metasurface 110 allows for the control of the reflected and transmitted light power ratio and polarization state, thereby obtaining the optimal atomic absorption peak and improving the frequency stabilization accuracy of the atomic absorption spectrum.

[0062] The metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, disposed in the frequency-stabilized optical path, is used for:

[0063] By changing the transmission direction of the frequency-stabilized light, a portion of the frequency-stabilized light is reflected by the metasurface to form reflected light; the reflected light returns to the beam splitter along the original path to obtain the first laser; a portion of the frequency-stabilized light passes through the metasurface to form transmitted light.

[0064] Change the power ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light;

[0065] By adjusting the polarization state of the reflected light and the polarization state of the transmitted light, the sharpest atomic transparent absorption peak in the atomic absorption spectrum is obtained;

[0066] The metasurface 110 and the alkali metal atom gas chamber 109 are packaged using a discrete structure or an integrated packaging process.

[0067] The integrated encapsulated metasurface-alkali metal atomic gas cell 101 is used to change the propagation direction of the frequency-stabilized light to obtain reflected light and transmitted light; to regulate the optical power ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light of the frequency-stabilized light; to change the polarization of the frequency-stabilized light; and to obtain the optimal sharp atomic absorption peak.

[0068] The laser passes through a polarization controller 113, which changes the polarization state of the laser.

[0069] The laser light passes through the polarization controller 113, the 2×2 coupler 114, and then the collimator 115 to obtain the frequency-stabilized light.

[0070] The first detector 111 is used to receive the first laser and obtain a reflected output signal; and to obtain a reflected atomic absorption spectrum based on the reflected output signal.

[0071] The second detector 112 is used to receive the transmitted light and obtain a transmitted output signal; and to obtain a transmitted atomic absorption spectrum based on the transmitted output signal.

[0072] The second detector 112 is connected to the first detector 111 and is used to obtain the reflected light and transmitted light processing signals to obtain the processed atomic absorption spectrum.

[0073] In one example, this embodiment of the invention aims to design and fabricate a metasurface 110 with multidimensional tunable characteristics, such as... Figure 2 As shown, by designing the geometry and periodic arrangement of metasurface 110, the direction of light transmission illuminating the metasurface can be altered, i.e., some incident light is reflected and some is transmitted. By changing the incident polarization state, the polarization state of the reflected light can be varied between linearly polarized and ellipsometric light, while the transmitted light is output with single polarization. Simultaneously, the ratio of reflectivity to transmittance can be varied over a wide range. Based on this, by adjusting the polarization state of the incident light, pump and probe light with adjustable power ratios in the atomic absorption spectrum can be obtained, and the optical field can be dynamically adjusted to achieve the optimal stable frequency point of the atomic absorption peak.

[0074] Then, a tunable metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell 101 was prepared, such as... Figure 3As shown, the tunable metasurface 110 and the cavity 103 of the alkali metal atom gas chamber 109 are integrated and encapsulated through an adhesive process or a molecular force bonding process. The cavity 103 can be made of borosilicate silicon, quartz, or a glass-silicon structure fabricated in batches using MEMS technology. Before encapsulation, an alkali metal atom releasing agent 104 needs to be placed inside the cavity 103. The metasurface-alkali metal atom gas chamber 101 is fabricated through the above-described integrated process.

[0075] In summary, this invention addresses the problem of large size and complex structure in traditional atomic saturated absorption spectrum laser frequency stabilization devices by proposing an atomic absorption spectrum laser frequency stabilization system based on the interaction between light and thermal atoms on a tunable metasurface. The proposed system integrates a metasurface with tunable optical field polarization, power, and transmission direction, combined with an alkali metal atomic gas cell, to construct a tunable atomic absorption spectrum laser frequency stabilization device using only a very small number of waveplates. This provides a new solution for miniaturized, lightweight, and mass-producible laser frequency stabilization devices in the field of quantum measurement.

[0076] By designing and fabricating a multidimensional tunable metasurface 110, combined with an alkali metal atom gas cell 109, a tunable frequency stabilization device for an atomic absorption spectrum laser can be realized using only a very small number of optical waveplates. Depending on whether the alkali metal atom gas cell 109 and the metasurface 110 are discrete or integrated 101, the device can be classified into fiber-optic splitting mode or spatial optical splitting mode, thus solving the problem of the large size and complex structure of traditional atomic saturated absorption spectrum laser frequency stabilization devices.

[0077] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention also provide the following solutions:

[0078] A method for stabilizing the frequency of an atomic spectral laser using a metasurface includes:

[0079] Step S1: Acquire laser light; perform a first rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the laser light to obtain a first polarized laser light; perform a second rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the first polarized laser light to generate laser light with arbitrary polarization state as frequency-stabilized light;

[0080] Step S2: Set the beam splitter in the laser beam path of the arbitrary polarization state; used to send the arbitrary polarization laser to the metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, and to reflect the reflected light after passing through the metasurface-alkali metal gas cell to the detector;

[0081] Step S3: Place the metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell in the optical path of the frequency-stabilized light; change the transmission direction of the frequency-stabilized light so that part of the frequency-stabilized light is reflected by the metasurface to form reflected light; the reflected light returns to the beam splitter along the original path to obtain the first laser; part of the frequency-stabilized light passes through the metasurface to form transmitted light; change the power ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light based on the metasurface structure; adjust the polarization state of the reflected light and the polarization state of the transmitted light based on the metasurface structure to obtain the optimal sharp atomic transparent absorption peak in the atomic absorption spectrum;

[0082] In one example, the specific steps to achieve the control are as follows: by rotating the quarter-wave plate 107 to change the polarization of the incident light, the light is partially transmitted and partially reflected through the metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell 101. The metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell 101 has a high polarization extinction ratio, that is, the transmitted light is single-polarized light. By continuously changing the incident polarization state, the polarization state of the reflected light can be transformed between linearly polarized light and elliptically polarized light. At the same time, the power ratio of transmitted and reflected light is dynamically adjustable and can be varied between high reflectivity and high transmittance.

[0083] Step S4: Receive the first laser beam and obtain the reflected output signal; obtain the reflected atomic absorption spectrum based on the reflected output signal;

[0084] Step S5: Receive the transmitted light to obtain a transmitted output signal; obtain a transmitted atomic absorption spectrum based on the transmitted output signal; perform signal processing on the reflected output signal and the transmitted output signal to obtain a processed atomic absorption spectrum;

[0085] In addition, it also includes:

[0086] Step S6: Use the circuit system to generate a feedback control signal; control the laser current; lock the laser frequency at the peak of the atomic absorption spectrum to complete laser frequency stabilization;

[0087] Furthermore, the present invention also provides an electronic device, which may include: a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus. The processor, communication interface, and memory communicate with each other via the communication bus. The processor can call a computer program stored in the memory to execute the aforementioned atomic absorption spectroscopy laser frequency stabilization method.

[0088] Furthermore, when the computer program in the aforementioned memory is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0089] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed, implements the aforementioned atomic absorption spectroscopy laser frequency stabilization method.

[0090] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0091] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the embodiments of the present invention. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface, characterized in that, include: Laser, used to generate laser light; A half-wave plate is disposed in the laser beam path to perform a first rotation on the laser polarization azimuth angle to obtain a first polarized laser. A quarter-wave plate is placed in the first polarized laser beam path to perform a second rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the first polarized laser, generating laser light with arbitrary polarization state as frequency-stabilized light; A beam splitter is disposed in the laser beam path of the arbitrary polarization state, and is used to send the laser beam of the arbitrary polarization state to the metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, and to reflect the reflected light after passing through the metasurface-alkali metal gas cell to the detector. The metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, disposed in the frequency-stabilized optical path, is used for: The transmission direction of the frequency-stabilized light is changed, and part of the frequency-stabilized light is reflected by the metasurface to form reflected light; the reflected light returns to the beam splitter along the original path to obtain the first laser; part of the frequency-stabilized light passes through the metasurface to form transmitted light; Change the power ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light; By adjusting the polarization state of the reflected light and the polarization state of the transmitted light, the sharpest atomic transparent absorption peak in the atomic absorption spectrum is obtained; A first detector is used to receive the first laser beam and obtain a reflected output signal; and to obtain a reflected atomic absorption spectrum based on the reflected output signal. The second detector is used to receive the transmitted light and obtain a transmitted output signal; to obtain a transmitted atomic absorption spectrum based on the transmitted output signal; and to perform signal processing on the reflected output signal and the transmitted output signal to obtain a processed atomic absorption spectrum.

2. The frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser light is of arbitrary polarization.

3. The frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset splitting modes of the beam splitter include: fiber optic splitting mode or spatial light splitting mode; The fiber optic splitting mode employs a 2×2 coupler; the coupling splitting ratio of the 2×2 coupler is between 1:9 and 1:

99. The spatial light splitting mode employs an unpolarized beam splitter; the splitting ratio of the unpolarized beam splitter is between 1:9 and 1:

99.

4. The frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface according to claim 3, characterized in that, The laser generated by the laser passes through the polarization controller and then enters the 2×2 coupler. The first polarized laser is obtained through the polarization controller, and the frequency-stabilized light is obtained through the 2×2 coupler.

5. The frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metasurface modulates the polarization, amplitude, and transmission direction of the laser in the arbitrary polarization state.

6. The frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the alkali metal atom gas chamber is filled with potassium, cesium, or rubidium atoms under vacuum; the shell of the alkali metal atom gas chamber is made of high borosilicate glass or quartz glass using a melting process or a silicon-based glass-bonded gas chamber based on MEMS technology.

7. The frequency stabilization system for an atomic spectral laser employing a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metasurface and the alkali metal atom gas chamber are assembled using a discrete structure or an integrated packaging process.

8. A method for stabilizing the frequency of an atomic spectral laser using a metasurface, characterized in that, include: Acquire laser light; perform a first rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the laser light to obtain a first polarized laser light; perform a second rotation on the polarization azimuth angle of the first polarized laser light to generate laser light with arbitrary polarization state as frequency-stabilized light; A beam splitter is placed in the laser beam path of the arbitrary polarization state, and the laser beam of the arbitrary polarization state is sent to the metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell, and the reflected light after passing through the metasurface-alkali metal gas cell is reflected to the detector. A metasurface-alkali metal atom gas cell is placed in the frequency-stabilized light path; the transmission direction of the frequency-stabilized light is changed, and part of the frequency-stabilized light is reflected by the metasurface to form reflected light; the reflected light returns to the beam splitter along the original path to obtain the first laser; part of the frequency-stabilized light passes through the metasurface to form transmitted light; The power ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light is changed based on the metasurface structure; By controlling the polarization state of the reflected light and the polarization state of the transmitted light based on the metasurface structure, the sharpest atomic transparent absorption peak in the atomic absorption spectrum is obtained. The first laser beam is received to obtain a reflected output signal; the reflected atomic absorption spectrum is obtained based on the reflected output signal. The transmitted light is received to obtain a transmitted output signal; a transmitted atomic absorption spectrum is obtained based on the transmitted output signal; signal processing is performed on the reflected output signal and the transmitted output signal to obtain a processed atomic absorption spectrum.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the frequency stabilization method for an atomic spectral laser using a metasurface as described in claim 8.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, it implements the frequency stabilization method for an atomic spectral laser using a metasurface as described in claim 8.

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