Solar energy water treatment-power generation-heat collection system based on double-sided structure

Abstract

The application discloses a solar water treatment-power generation-heat collection system based on a double-sided structure, which is characterized in that a water body circulation flow channel is arranged on the front side of a solar photovoltaic cell, ultraviolet energy and infrared energy in the solar spectrum are utilized to sterilize and disinfect the water body in the water body circulation flow channel, water treatment and clean water supply are realized, a heat dissipation heat sink is arranged between the back side of the solar photovoltaic cell and the cold end of a thermoelectric power generation device to cool the two, the solar photovoltaic cell and the thermoelectric power generation device can work in their respective suitable temperature ranges, higher power output can be realized, heat collection is realized, and the collected heat is stored in a storage / heat exchange water tank and used for external heat supply. The application integrates power generation, heat collection and water purification multiple functions, and more effectively utilizes the full spectrum of solar energy, and is particularly suitable for solving the power supply, water supply and heat supply demand in remote rural areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of solar photovoltaic power generation, thermoelectric power generation, heat collection and water treatment, and specifically to a solar water treatment-power generation-heat collection system based on a double-sided structure. Background Technology

[0002] Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells can directly convert solar radiation into electrical energy. However, limited by semiconductor materials, only a portion of the spectral energy can be converted. Unconverted energy leads to a continuous increase in cell temperature, resulting in a decrease in PV cell output power and conversion efficiency. The series-connected PV-thermoelectric coupling structure combines solar thermoelectric power generation technology with solar PV technology. By placing a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device on the back of the PV cell, it achieves a high degree of full-spectrum solar energy utilization. However, because the operating temperature characteristics of PV cells and thermoelectric devices are diametrically opposed, the presence of the thermoelectric device significantly affects the heat conduction of the PV cell, sometimes even resulting in the coupled system's output power being lower than that of a single PV cell. On the other hand, a clean and reliable supply of electricity, water, and heat is crucial for maintaining a high standard of living, especially in remote rural areas far from towns.

[0003] Therefore, developing a solar full-spectrum utilization device that simultaneously provides electricity, heat, and clean drinking water, enabling higher-level full-spectrum utilization of solar energy and achieving higher overall system efficiency, is undoubtedly of great practical significance for solving the living problems of people living in remote areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a solar water treatment-power generation-thermal collection system based on a double-sided structure, which can supply clean drinking water and heat while achieving higher power output, and further enhance the utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy.

[0005] Technical solution: The solar water treatment-power generation-thermal collection system based on a double-sided structure described in this invention includes solar photovoltaic cells, a thermoelectric power generation device, a thermal collection circulation subsystem and a water treatment circulation subsystem. The thermal collection circulation subsystem includes a heat sink for heat dissipation and a hot water storage / exchange tank to establish a circulation loop, and the water treatment circulation subsystem includes a water circulation channel and a water storage tank to establish a circulation loop.

[0006] The water circulation channel is arranged on the front of the solar photovoltaic cell. The top of the water circulation channel is made of low-iron glass with high solar spectrum transmittance. The first optical concentrator is set on the outside of the water circulation channel. The water in the water circulation channel is sterilized and disinfected by ultraviolet and infrared energy in the solar spectrum. After the water treatment is completed, the water storage tank contains a clean water source that can be used.

[0007] A heat sink is arranged between the back of the solar photovoltaic cell and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device. A light-absorbing thin layer of material is provided on the surface of the thermoelectric power generation device, and a second optical concentrator is provided on the outside of the thermoelectric power generation device.

[0008] The energy of visible light in the solar spectrum is absorbed by solar photovoltaic cells through the water in the water circulation channel to generate electricity. The remaining unused energy is collected by the fluid in the heat sink and transferred to the hot water storage / exchange tank. The thermoelectric power generation device generates a heat transfer temperature difference at the hot and cold ends and generates electricity. The remaining energy is also collected by the fluid in the heat sink and transferred to the hot water storage / exchange tank. The hot water storage / exchange tank can supply heat to the outside.

[0009] Furthermore, a first heat exchange coil is installed in the hot water storage / exchange tank, and a heat exchange circulation loop including the first heat exchange coil and a heat exchange circulation pump is set between the hot water storage / exchange tank and the water storage tank. When the water temperature in the water storage tank reaches a certain value, heat is transferred to the hot water storage / exchange tank through the heat exchange circulation loop.

[0010] This technical solution enables on-demand heat transfer. When the water temperature in the water treatment circulation subsystem rises to a certain level, the heat can be transferred to the storage / exchange hot water tank in the heat collection circulation subsystem through the heat exchange pipeline, thereby compensating for the heat in the heat collection system.

[0011] Furthermore, a second heat exchange coil is also installed in the hot water storage / exchange tank, and the hot water storage / exchange tank supplies heat to the outside through a heating circulation loop including the second heat exchange coil and the second circulating water pump.

[0012] Furthermore, each circulation loop is equipped with a control valve for controlling the on / off state and adjusting the flow rate.

[0013] Furthermore, the distance between the first optical concentrator and the low-iron glass, and the distance between the second optical concentrator and the thermoelectric power generation device can be adjusted independently to obtain different energy input densities, enabling the solar photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric power generation devices to operate under different working conditions.

[0014] Furthermore, when the system needs to purify wastewater, a certain proportion of homogeneous Fenton catalytic reagent is initially added to the water storage tank. The polluted water is then purified using a photo-Fenton reaction in the water circulation channel, thus enabling the purification of different types of water according to requirements.

[0015] Furthermore, the water circulation channel is surrounded by aluminum materials on all sides, low-iron glass on top, and the outer glass of the solar photovoltaic cells.

[0016] Furthermore, the solar spectral transmittance of low-iron glass is greater than 90%.

[0017] Furthermore, the light-absorbing thin-film material has the ability to absorb the entire solar spectrum, with an absorption rate greater than 90%.

[0018] Furthermore, the light-absorbing thin layer material has a black porous light-absorbing structure.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0020] (1) By placing the solar photovoltaic cell and the thermoelectric power generation device on both sides of the heat sink, the thermal energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cell during operation can be carried away by the heat transfer fluid in time, preventing the accumulation of heat and ensuring that the operating temperature of the solar photovoltaic cell is within a reasonable range. At the same time, it also allows the thermoelectric power generation device to obtain higher heat flow energy, which is conducive to increasing the heat transfer temperature difference between the hot and cold ends and increasing its output power. This avoids the performance degradation caused by the mismatch of operating temperature characteristics in the traditional series photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure. It allows two solar power generation devices with completely opposite operating temperature characteristics to work together to generate electricity, greatly improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system and achieving higher power output.

[0021] (2) The water circulation channel arranged above the solar photovoltaic cell can use the ultraviolet band energy in the solar spectrum to achieve the sterilization and purification of the water. At the same time, the water can also absorb the infrared part of the solar spectrum, reducing the impact of the temperature rise of the solar cell caused by infrared energy. This part of infrared energy raises the water temperature, which plays a role in the synergistic killing of harmful microorganisms in the water. Finally, the heat sink arranged on the back plate of the solar photovoltaic cell can collect and utilize the unused residual heat energy through the heat exchange fluid.

[0022] The system provided by this invention integrates multiple functions such as power generation, heat collection and water purification, and makes more effective use of the full spectrum of solar energy, making it particularly suitable for solving the power supply, water supply and heating needs of remote rural areas. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solar water treatment-power generation-thermal collection system based on a double-sided structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Appendix Figure 1 The accompanying figure labels are as follows:

[0026] 1. First optical concentrator; 2. Low-iron glass; 3. Water circulation channel; 4. Solar photovoltaic cell; 5. Heat sink; 6. Thermoelectric power generation device; 7. Light-absorbing thin film material; 8. Hot water storage / exchange tank; 9. First control valve; 10. First circulating water pump; 11. Second control valve; 12. Second circulating water pump; 13. Heat collection circulation subsystem; 14. Water storage tank; 15. Third control valve; 16. Third circulating water pump; 17. Heat exchange control valve; 18. Heat exchange circulating water pump; 19. Outlet valve; 20. Water treatment circulation subsystem; 21. Second optical concentrator.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a solar water treatment-power generation-thermal collection system based on a double-sided structure is provided in an embodiment of this application. The system includes a solar photovoltaic cell 4, a thermoelectric power generation device 6, a thermal collection circulation subsystem 13 and a water treatment circulation subsystem 20. The thermal collection circulation subsystem 13 includes a heat sink 5 for establishing a circulation loop, a hot water storage / exchange tank 8, a first control valve 9 and a first circulating water pump 10. The water treatment circulation subsystem 20 includes a water circulation channel 3 for establishing a circulation loop, a water storage tank 14, a third control valve 15 and a third circulating water pump 16. A water outlet valve 19 is provided on the water storage tank 14.

[0028] A water circulation channel 3 is arranged on the front of the solar photovoltaic cell 4. The top of the water circulation channel 3 is made of low-iron glass 2 with high solar spectral transmittance. A first optical concentrator 1 is installed on the outside of the water circulation channel 3. A heat sink 5 is arranged between the back of the solar photovoltaic cell 4 and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device 6, which simultaneously cools the solar photovoltaic cell 4 and the thermoelectric power generation device 6, allowing both components to operate within their respective suitable temperature ranges. A light-absorbing thin layer material 7 is applied to the surface of the thermoelectric power generation device 6, and a second optical concentrator 21 is installed on the outside of the thermoelectric power generation device 6.

[0029] The hot water storage / exchange tank 8 is equipped with a first heat exchange coil and a second heat exchange coil. A heat exchange circulation loop, including the first heat exchange coil, a heat exchange control valve 17, and a heat exchange circulating water pump 18, is set between the hot water storage / exchange tank 8 and the water storage tank 14. The hot water storage / exchange tank 8 supplies heat to the outside world, such as for heating or hot water supply, through the heat supply circulation loop including the second heat exchange coil, the second control valve 11, and the second circulating water pump 12. The aforementioned control valves are used to control the on / off state of the corresponding circulation loop and to regulate the flow rate.

[0030] In addition, the distance between the first optical concentrator 1 and the low-iron glass 2, and the distance between the second optical concentrator 21 and the thermoelectric power generation device 6 can be adjusted independently to obtain different energy input densities, so that the solar photovoltaic cell 4 and the thermoelectric power generation device 6 can work under different operating conditions.

[0031] In this embodiment, the water circulation channel 3 is surrounded by aluminum materials on all sides, low-iron glass 2 on top, and the outer glass of the solar photovoltaic cell 4. The water is in direct contact with the outer glass of the solar photovoltaic cell 4, and the excess heat in the solar photovoltaic cell 4 is carried away through the circulation of the water.

[0032] The low-iron glass 2 has a solar spectrum transmittance greater than 90%. The light-absorbing thin layer material 7 has a black porous light-absorbing structure, capable of absorbing the entire solar spectrum, with an absorption rate greater than 90%.

[0033] The working principle of the solar water treatment-power generation-thermal collection system provided in this application embodiment is as follows:

[0034] When the system is in drinking water purification mode, the required solar radiation energy is introduced into the system by adjusting the distance between the first optical concentrator 1 and the low-iron glass 2, and the distance between the second optical concentrator 21 and the thermoelectric power generation device 6. When sunlight passes through the low-iron glass 2 into the water circulation channel 3, the water remains still. The ultraviolet energy in the solar spectrum kills harmful bacteria and microorganisms in the water, while the water absorbs infrared energy from the solar spectrum, causing the water temperature to rise, which also helps to kill harmful microorganisms in the water. The visible light energy in the solar spectrum is absorbed by the solar photovoltaic cells 4 through the water to generate electricity. The remaining unused energy is collected by the heat exchange fluid in the heat sink 5, and the heat is transferred to the storage / exchange hot water tank 8 by the first circulating water pump 10. The flow rate in the pipeline can be adjusted by regulating the opening of the first control valve 9.

[0035] Meanwhile, another portion of the incident solar radiation is focused onto the light-absorbing thin film material 7 by the second optical concentrator 21, achieving efficient absorption of solar radiation. The absorbed energy is conducted through heat transfer at both ends of the thermoelectric power generation device 6, generating a heat transfer temperature difference and thus generating electricity. The remaining energy is also collected by the heat exchange fluid in the heat sink 5, and the heat is transferred to the storage / exchange hot water tank 8 by the first circulating water pump 10.

[0036] When there is a need for heat extraction, the heat can be extracted and utilized through the cooperation of the second control valve 11 and the second circulating water pump 12.

[0037] When the water in the water storage tank 14 reaches a certain temperature, the heat can be transferred and compensated to the storage / exchange water tank 8 through the cooperation of the heat exchange control valve 17 and the heat exchange circulating water pump 18.

[0038] When there is a need for water, simply open the water outlet valve 19 to obtain purified water.

[0039] The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic cell 4 and the thermoelectric power generation device 6 can be stored in a battery and extracted for use when there is a demand for electricity.

[0040] When the system is in wastewater purification mode, only a certain proportion of homogeneous Fenton catalytic reagent needs to be added to the water storage tank 14 at the initial stage of system startup. The polluted water can be purified by photo-Fenton reaction in the water circulation channel 3. The rest of the operation procedures remain unchanged. After the water pollutants are purified and degraded, they are discharged through the outlet valve 19.

[0041] The solar water treatment-power generation-thermal collection system provided in this application is particularly suitable for the power supply, hot water supply, wastewater purification and drinking water needs of remote areas. It has good market promotion prospects and application potential, and has extremely high practical value.

Claims

1. A solar water treatment-power generation-heat collection system based on a double-sided structure, characterized in that, The system comprises a solar photovoltaic cell (4), a thermoelectric power generation device (6), a heat collection circulation subsystem (13) and a water treatment circulation subsystem (20), wherein the heat collection circulation subsystem (13) comprises a heat dissipation heat sink (5) and a storage / heat exchange water tank (8) establishing a circulation loop, and the water treatment circulation subsystem (20) comprises a water body circulation flow channel (3) and a water body storage tank (14) establishing a circulation loop. The water body circulation flow channel (3) is arranged on the front side of the solar photovoltaic cell (4), the top of the water body circulation flow channel (3) is a low-iron glass (2) with high solar spectrum transmittance, the outer side of the water body circulation flow channel (3) is provided with a first optical concentrator (1), and the water body in the water body circulation flow channel (3) is sterilized and disinfected by ultraviolet energy and infrared energy in the solar spectrum; after water treatment, the water body storage tank (14) contains clean water for use. The heat dissipation heat sink (5) is arranged between the back side of the solar photovoltaic cell (4) and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device (6), and the surface of the thermoelectric power generation device (6) is provided with a light-absorbing thin layer material (7), and the outer side of the thermoelectric power generation device (6) is provided with a second optical concentrator (21). The energy of the visible light part in the solar spectrum is absorbed by the solar photovoltaic cell (4) to generate electric energy through the water body in the water body circulation flow channel (3), and the remaining unused energy is collected by the fluid in the heat dissipation heat sink (5) and transferred to the storage / heat exchange water tank (8); the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric power generation device (6) generate a heat transfer temperature difference and generate electric energy, and the remaining part of the energy is also collected by the fluid in the heat dissipation heat sink (5) and transferred to the storage / heat exchange water tank (8); the storage / heat exchange water tank (8) can supply heat to the outside.

2. The solar water treatment-power generation-heat collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage / heat exchange water tank (8) is provided with a first heat exchange coil, and a heat exchange circulation loop comprising the first heat exchange coil and a heat exchange circulating water pump (18) is arranged between the storage / heat exchange water tank (8) and the water body storage tank (14); when the water temperature in the water body storage tank (14) reaches a certain value, heat is transferred to the storage / heat exchange water tank (8) through the heat exchange circulation loop.

3. The solar water treatment-power generation-heat collection system of claim 2, wherein, The storage / heat exchange water tank (8) is also provided with a second heat exchange coil, and the storage / heat exchange water tank (8) supplies heat to the outside through a heat supply circulation loop comprising the second heat exchange coil and a second circulating water pump (12).

4. The solar water treatment-power generation-thermal collection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Control valves for controlling on-off and adjusting flow rate are arranged in each circulation loop.

5. The solar water treatment-power generation-heat collection system of claim 1, wherein, The distance from the first optical concentrator (1) to the low-iron glass (2) and the distance from the second optical concentrator (21) to the thermoelectric power generation device (6) can be independently adjusted to obtain different energy input densities, so that the solar photovoltaic cell (4) and the thermoelectric power generation device (6) can work under different working conditions.

6. The solar water treatment-power generation-heat collection system of claim 1, wherein, When the system needs to purify sewage, a certain proportion of homogeneous Fenton catalytic reagent is added to the water body storage tank (14) initially, and the contaminated water body is purified and treated by using a photo-Fenton reaction in the water body circulation flow channel (3).

7. The solar water treatment-power generation-heat collection system of claim 1, wherein, The water body circulation flow channel (3) is surrounded by aluminum materials on the four sides, a low-iron glass (2) on the top and an outer glass of the solar photovoltaic cell (4).

8. The solar water treatment-power generation-thermal collection system of claim 1, wherein, The light-absorbing thin layer material (7) is a black porous light-absorbing structure.

Images