A water-based spray liquid that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of forest fire prevention. It provides a water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply. The water-based spray solution is composed of a main component and a solvent blend. The main component consists of component A as a film-forming agent and component B as a flame retardant. Component A is a biomolecular film-forming agent, and component B is a phosphorus-containing compound and / or a nitrogen-containing compound. This water-based spray solution can be sprayed on leaves and trunks before a fire occurs, playing a role in fire prevention during the dry season, and can be washed away by rainwater during the rainy season as foliar fertilizer or enter the soil to provide nutrients to plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of forest fire prevention, specifically relating to a method for preparing and applying a water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply. Background Technology

[0002] Measures to combat forest fires include establishing firebreaks, developing fire monitoring equipment, researching and developing fire extinguishing agents and equipment, and educating and supervising the public.

[0003] Firebreaks effectively block the spread of fire and prevent its occurrence; however, trees take a long time to grow, have poor mobility, and are difficult to implement in remote areas. Fire monitoring, as a preventative measure, can effectively reduce the frequency of fires and minimize the damage to forests and the expenditure of human and financial resources. Therefore, firebreaks have the drawback of being time-consuming to establish.

[0004] Patent (CN204632039U) discloses a forest fire monitoring device. It collects meteorological information using meteorological data acquisition equipment and takes real-time photos using a camera. Image recognition identifies pedestrians, flames, and smoke from the captured images, determining the number of pedestrians, identifying fire points, and calculating the distance to the fire points, thereby preventing forest fires. However, this fire monitoring system suffers from limited coverage, reliance on electricity and networks, high equipment maintenance costs, and only provides early warning functionality. Therefore, this type of fire monitoring has the following drawbacks: limited coverage, reliance on electricity and networks, high equipment maintenance costs, and only an early warning function.

[0005] Fire extinguishing agents, as a direct and effective active fire prevention measure, are typically aqueous solutions or powdered flame-retardant chemicals containing flame-retardant additives. Patent (CN113546361B) invented a composite forest dry powder fire extinguishing agent based on ammonium polyphosphate, mainly composed of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite, but with the addition of some corrosive and irritating silane coupling agents. Furthermore, most fire extinguishing agents use phenylphosphine-based flame retardants and fluorinated surfactants that are toxic to humans, and are prone to leakage or spillage during use, leading to pollution of groundwater, soil, or surface water. Therefore, the use of existing fire extinguishing agents mostly has adverse environmental impacts; thus, developing a forest fire prevention measure that is both highly efficient and environmentally friendly is essential.

[0006] Currently, most forest fire prevention sprays focus on extinguishing agents, with very little research on pre-fire prevention through spraying. A conference paper (6th International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterization (ICMPC), Melbourne, Australia, 2017) reported a study on the passive fire-retardant application of potato starch on a lignocellulosic matrix. Specifically, applying potato starch to tree stumps or trunks during forest fires can achieve fire-retardant properties. Results showed that the potato starch coating increased the ignition time of the wood and reduced the intensity of the flame during combustion. However, the study did not address the transparency of the coating, and it only investigated fire prevention on tree trunks, neglecting flammable fallen leaves and fresh leaves. It is well known that dry leaves are easily ignited due to their dryness and lack of moisture; when flames come into contact with dry leaves, the fire intensifies and spreads rapidly, contributing significantly to fire spread. Therefore, this passive fire-retardant coating scheme suffers from a limitation: it focuses solely on one type of material and fails to consider the most flammable substance in forest fires (leaves). Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply. It can be sprayed on leaves and trunks before a fire occurs, play a role in fire prevention during the dry season, and be washed away by rainwater during the rainy season as foliar fertilizer or enter the soil to provide nutrients for plants.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply, wherein the water-based spray solution is composed of a main component and a solvent blend;

[0009] The main component consists of component A as a film-forming agent and component B as a flame retardant. Component A is a biomolecular film-forming agent, and component B is a phosphorus-containing compound and / or a nitrogen-containing compound. The mass ratio of component A to component B is 1:99 to 99:1 (preferably 1:0.3 to 1.9).

[0010] The main component accounts for 1-99% (preferably 5-20%) of the total amount of the water-based spray liquid.

[0011] Component A, as a film-forming agent, also has flame-retardant properties. Both Component A and Component B are green and non-toxic, and they also provide nutrient supply.

[0012] An improvement to the water-based spray solution of the present invention that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0013] The biomolecular film-forming agent is at least one of the following: gelatin, carrageenan, pectin, sodium alginate, starch, lignin, cellulose, chitosan, and collagen;

[0014] The phosphorus-containing compounds are phosphate esters, phytates, phosphates, phytates, pentyl phosphate, and phosphate fertilizers;

[0015] The nitrogen-containing compounds are nitrogen fertilizers (e.g., urea, oxalamide, ammonium sulfate).

[0016] Note: All of the above-mentioned biomolecular film-forming agents are biodegradable. Phytates among phosphorus-containing compounds are biodegradable, while other phosphorus-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds can be decomposed into nutrients or used directly as nutrients.

[0017] As a further improvement to the water-based spray solution of the present invention that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0018] The solvent is water.

[0019] As a further improvement to the water-based spray solution of the present invention that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0020] The main component and solvent are blended at 0℃ to 100℃ (preferably 20℃ to 90℃).

[0021] This invention discloses a water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply. It can be sprayed on leaves and trunks before a fire occurs, playing a role in fire prevention during the dry season, and can be washed away by rainwater during the rainy season as foliar fertilizer or enter the soil to provide nutrients to plants (containing phosphorus compounds and / or nitrogen compounds to provide nutrients).

[0022] As is common knowledge, foliar fertilizers are applied to the leaves of plants through spraying, misting, or drip irrigation, and are absorbed and utilized by the stomata and epidermal cells of the leaves. The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers described in this invention can both be used as foliar fertilizers or incorporated into the soil as soil fertilizers.

[0023] The film formed by the water-based spray liquid prepared by this invention (with a thickness of 0.2±0.02mm) has a light transmittance of up to 90%, which can give fresh leaves and fallen leaves the property of self-extinguishing, delay the spread of fire and inhibit heat release, effectively protect the tree trunk and prevent combustion.

[0024] The water-based spray solution prepared by this invention can not only be applied to trees in advance to prevent or reduce the frequency of fires during the dry season, but also be washed into the soil by rainwater during the rainy season, thereby providing nutrients to plants as fertilizer.

[0025] This invention has the following technical advantages:

[0026] 1. This invention is simple to prepare and is green and pollution-free:

[0027] This water-based spray solution is made from or primarily from bio-based materials, is biodegradable, green and non-toxic, and can also be used as fertilizer.

[0028] Note: In this invention, component A is a bio-based material, and component B includes both bio-based materials and chemically synthesized compounds.

[0029] All of the above-mentioned biomolecular film-forming agents are biodegradable. Phytates among phosphorus-containing compounds are biodegradable, while other phosphorus-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds can be decomposed into nutrients or used directly as nutrients.

[0030] 2. Water-based spray can prevent fires from spreading to both leaves and tree trunks. It also gives leaves self-extinguishing properties, effectively reducing the spread of fire and inhibiting the burning of trees.

[0031] 3. It has high light transmittance and can form a flame-retardant film with a light transmittance of up to 90%, so it will not affect the photosynthesis of leaves.

[0032] 4. It can be applied on a large scale through spraying technology, without being limited by geographical location.

[0033] It can prevent fires during the dry season and can be washed away by rainwater during the rainy season to serve as foliar fertilizer or enter the soil to provide nutrients for plants.

[0034] The specific method of using this invention is as follows: During the dry season, spray withered leaves and fresh leaves on tree trunks using a 5% water-based spray solution until the film thickness is approximately 500±100 nm, then stop spraying. A second spraying is required approximately every 10 days. For tree trunks, spray with a 20% water-based spray solution until the film thickness is approximately 0.2–0.4 mm, then stop spraying. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 Digital images of the combustion test after the water-based spray liquid prepared in Example 1 was applied to fresh leaves; the three small images from left to right represent the combustion situation when the fire source ignition time is 0s, the combustion situation when the fire source ignition time is 30s, and the combustion situation when the fire source is ignited for 30s and then removed for 1s.

[0037] Figure 2 Digital images of the combustion test after the water-based spray liquid prepared in Example 1 was applied to dead leaves. The four small images from left to right represent the combustion situation when the fire source is ignited for 0 seconds, the combustion situation when the fire source is ignited for 5 seconds, the combustion situation 10 seconds after the fire source is removed after 5 seconds of ignition, and the combustion situation 15 seconds after the fire source is ignited for 5 seconds of ignition and then removed. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto:

[0039] The present invention provides a water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply, which is composed of a main component and a solvent; the main component is composed of component A as a film-forming agent and component B as a flame retardant.

[0040] Specifically, as described in the following embodiments.

[0041] Example 1: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0042] Component A consists of 50.0g of gelatin, and Component B consists of 25.0g of phytate and 25.0g of urea. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%–20% aqueous solution at 50°C. That is, components A, B and water are mixed at 50°C to obtain a water-based spray solution. The sum of the weights of components A and B accounts for 5%–20% of the total weight of the water-based spray solution.

[0043] Example 2: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0044] Component A consists of 30.0g of gelatin, and component B consists of 30.0g of phytate and 25.0g of urea. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%–20% aqueous solution at 50°C.

[0045] Example 3: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0046] Component A consists of 35.0g carrageenan, and component B consists of 30.0g phytate and 25.0g urea. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%–20% aqueous solution at 90°C.

[0047] Example 4: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply: (Component B contains only phosphorus compounds):

[0048] Component A consists of 30.0g carrageenan and Component B consists of 10.0g phosphate ester. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%–20% aqueous solution at 80°C.

[0049] Example 5: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0050] Component A consists of 40.0g carrageenan, and component B consists of 10.0g phosphate ester and 10g oxalamide. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%–20% aqueous solution at 80°C.

[0051] Example 6: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0052] Component A consists of 25.0g of gelatin, and component B consists of 10.0g of phosphate ester and 10g of ammonium sulfate. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%–20% aqueous solution at 50°C.

[0053] Example 7: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0054] Component A consists of 30.0g of gelatin, and component B consists of 10.0g of phytate and 10g of ammonium sulfate. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%–20% aqueous solution at 50°C.

[0055] Example 8: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply:

[0056] Component A consists of 30.0g of gelatin, and component B consists of 5g of amyl phosphate and 20g of ammonium sulfate. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%–20% aqueous solution at 50°C.

[0057] Example 9: A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply: (Component B consists only of nitrogen-containing compounds):

[0058] Component A consists of 40.0g of chitosan, and component B consists of 30g of oxalamide.

[0059] First, adjust the water to a weak acidic pH (4-5) using acetic acid. Then, at room temperature (20℃), use the above-mentioned weakly acidic water to prepare a 5% to 20% aqueous solution of components A and B.

[0060] Note: Adjust the water to a weakly acidic state so that chitosan can dissolve.

[0061] The phytic acid ester and phosphate ester involved in the above case can be prepared by adding 10.0g of phytic acid or 10.0g of phosphoric acid and 20.0g of polyethylene glycol 200 into a three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and reacting at 120°C for 8 hours.

[0062] Comparative Example 1:

[0063] Prepare a 5%–20% aqueous solution of component A (30.0g gelatin) at 50°C.

[0064] Comparative Example 2:

[0065] Component B consists of 30.0g of amyl phosphate and 30.0g of oxalamide. Component B is prepared as a 5%–20% aqueous solution at room temperature.

[0066] Comparative Example 3-1: In Example 1, “Component B is 25.0g phytate and 25.0g urea” was changed to “Component B is 50.0g phytate”, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0067] Comparative Example 3-2: In Example 1, “Component B is 25.0g phytate and 25.0g urea” was changed to “Component B is 50.0g urea”, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 3-3: In Example 1, “Component B is 25.0g phytate and 25.0g urea” was changed to “Component B is 15g phytate and 35g urea”, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0069] Comparative Examples 3-4: In Example 1, “Component B consists of 25.0g of phytate and 25.0g of urea” was changed to “Component B consists of 35g of phytate and 15g of urea”, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0070] Comparative Examples 3-5: In Example 1, “Component B consists of 25.0g of phytate and 25.0g of urea” was changed to “Component B consists of 15g of phytate and 15g of urea”, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0071] Comparative Examples 3-6: In Example 1, “Component B consists of 25.0g of phytate and 25.0g of urea” was changed to “Component B consists of 35g of phytate and 35g of urea”, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0072] Experiment 1, Flame Retardant Test:

[0073] Plywood was used instead of tree trunks, and the fresh leaves were from Osmanthus fragrans, while the withered leaves were from Michelia chapensis.

[0074] The water-based spray solution (concentration of 5%) prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples was sprayed onto fresh leaves (moisture content of approximately 45%) and withered leaves (moisture content of less than 20%) using a spraying device until dripping occurred; then it was allowed to cure naturally at room temperature (curing time of approximately 5 hours); correspondingly, fresh leaves and withered leaves treated with the water-based spray solution were obtained, respectively, with a film thickness of approximately 500 nm; after ignition, their self-extinguishing time was measured. The obtained self-extinguishing times are shown in Table 1 below.

[0075] The water-based spray liquid (concentration of 20%) prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples was sprayed onto the plywood using a spraying device. After natural curing at room temperature, it was sprayed again until the thickness of the cured film was approximately 0.4 mm.

[0076] The heat insulation performance of water-based spraying liquid on tree trunks was tested according to the large-panel burning method of GB 12441-2018. Specifically, the large-panel burning test measures the temperature of the backing board (plywood) during coating combustion. The period during which the coating provides good heat insulation (backing board temperature below 250℃) is defined as the heat resistance time. The obtained flame resistance times are shown in Table 1 below.

[0077] Experiment 2, transmittance

[0078] The light transmittance of the water-based spray film was tested using a transmittance meter. Specifically, a 20% aqueous solution was sprayed onto a quartz glass (50*50*1.5mm) film. 3 The coating was dried at room temperature with a thickness of 0.2 ± 0.02 mm before testing.

[0079] The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0080] Table 1

[0081]

[0082] Note: Self-extinguishing time refers to the time it takes for a fire to extinguish itself after the fire source is removed.

[0083] Comparative Example 1 was a water-based spray without flame retardant, equivalent to potato starch in the literature. Comparative Example 2 contained only component B and lacked film-forming properties; after spraying, the solid flame retardant easily precipitated out as water evaporated (the precipitated substance was a white granular solid with no adhesion to leaves and easily fell off). Comparative analysis of the above results shows that the combination of biomolecular film-forming agents and flame retardants can impart self-extinguishing properties to fresh and fallen leaves, delay the spread of fire and inhibit heat release, and when applied to tree trunks, can effectively insulate heat and prevent combustion.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are merely some specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply, characterized in that: The water-based spray solution is composed of a main component and a solvent blend; The main component consists of component A as a film-forming agent and component B as a flame retardant. Component A is a biomolecular film-forming agent, and component B is a phosphorus-containing compound and / or a nitrogen-containing compound. The mass ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.3~1.

9. The main component accounts for 5-20% of the total volume of the water-based spray solution; The biomolecular film-forming agent is at least one of the following: gelatin, carrageenan, pectin, sodium alginate, starch, lignin, cellulose, and chitosan; The phosphorus-containing compounds are phosphate esters, phytates, phosphates, phytates, pentyl phosphate, and phosphate fertilizers; The nitrogen-containing compound is a nitrogen fertilizer; The solvent is water; The water-based spray solution is used as follows: spray it on the leaves and trunks before a fire occurs. During the dry season, it helps prevent fires, and during the rainy season, it is washed away by rainwater and used as foliar fertilizer or enters the soil to provide nutrients for plants.

2. The water-based spray solution according to claim 1, which combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply, is characterized in that: The main component and solvent are blended at 0℃~100℃.

3. A water-based spray solution that combines forest fire prevention and nutrient supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Component A consists of 50.0g of gelatin, and component B consists of 25.0g of phytate and 25.0g of urea. Components A and B are prepared into a 5%~20% aqueous solution at 50℃.

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