A soft rock roadway supporting device and a construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of roadway supporting, and discloses a soft rock roadway supporting device and a construction method, which comprises a hydraulic transmission device, the top end of the hydraulic transmission device is fixedly provided with a top base plate, the bottom end of the top base plate is provided with force arms on the two sides, and the bottom end of the hydraulic transmission device is fixedly provided with a base. The application solves the problem that the existing temporary supporting device occupies roadway space, the large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod are arranged, the large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod connected with the force arms can well transmit the pressure at the top of the roadway to the force arms, the force arms are tightly attached to the roadway side, the effect of controlling the deformation of the side is achieved, the device is simple in the temporary supporting of the soft rock roadway, convenient to install and disassemble, the combined supporting structure has high anti-deformation capacity, the construction process is simple, convenient to disassemble, the roadway effect can be effectively improved, the deformation of the surrounding rock can be controlled, and the purpose of protecting the roadway is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel support technology, and in particular to a soft rock tunnel support device and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In 2021, China's raw coal production reached a record high of 4.13 billion tons, with coal consumption accounting for 56% of total energy consumption. It is projected that coal will still account for about 50% of my country's energy consumption by 2025, remaining a major energy source and a crucial pillar of my country's national economic development. As shallow resources gradually deplete, mining activities are increasingly shifting towards deeper areas, one of the challenges being the control of large deformations in the surrounding rock of deep soft rock tunnels.

[0003] During the excavation of soft rock tunnels, the original rock stress is disrupted. Because the rock strata in soft rock tunnels are relatively soft, their strength is insufficient to maintain the original state of the tunnel. Under the pressure of the overlying rock strata, the tunnel roof will undergo large deformation and failure. Furthermore, during tunnel excavation, there is a certain gap between the tunnel boring machine head and the support structure. If the tunnel is not supported in time, direct roof collapse can easily occur, causing loss of life and property. Therefore, this invention proposes a support device and construction method for soft rock tunnels to solve the problem of untimely support during soft rock tunnel excavation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application proposes a support device and construction method for soft rock roadways, which has the advantages of effectively improving the roadway retention effect, controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock, and achieving roadway protection, thereby solving the problem of roadways being prone to roof collapse and resulting in landslides.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a soft rock tunnel support device, comprising: a hydraulic transmission device, a top pad fixedly installed at the top of the hydraulic transmission device, lever arms provided on both sides below the bottom of the top pad, a base fixedly installed at the bottom of the hydraulic transmission device, a reinforcing plate fixedly installed at the bottom of one side of the lever arm, the reinforcing plate being connected to a large hydraulic rod through a connector, the other end of the large hydraulic rod being installed at the bottom of the base, small hydraulic rods being installed on both sides of the base, and a fixing plate fixedly installed at the bottom of the lever arm;

[0006] The large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod connect the lever arm and the base in a hinged manner. The extension of the large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod is 500mm. To adapt to various changes in roadway width, the large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod are adjustable.

[0007] The initial support force of the large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod is 11.2 MPa, and the working resistance is 20 MPa. The extension point of the large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod can be determined according to the injection pressure capacity. When the initial support force of the large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod is reached, the injection pressure is stopped.

[0008] The hydraulic transmission device is mounted on the base by bolting. The two hydraulic transmission devices are controlled independently and can be pressurized separately according to the shape of the tunnel. The maximum range of the hydraulic transmission device can reach 500mm and can be flexibly adjusted according to the tunnel height. The endpoint of the hydraulic transmission device is controlled by the hydraulic pressure display. The initial support force of the hydraulic transmission device is not less than 22MPa. When the initial support force of the hydraulic transmission device reaches 22MPa, the pressure application is stopped. The working resistance of the hydraulic transmission device is 25MPa.

[0009] The reinforcing plate is welded to the lever arm to increase the lever arm's bending strength;

[0010] The top pad can be a π-shaped steel beam, and the length and width of the top pad can be flexibly adjusted according to the length of the roadway roof.

[0011] The base has holes that allow it to be fixed to the tunnel floor.

[0012] Furthermore, the small hydraulic rod is a single-sided double rod, which is hinged to connect the base and the lever arm.

[0013] Furthermore, both the large and small hydraulic rods are telescopic, allowing for flexible adjustment based on the tunnel width.

[0014] Furthermore, the two support structures are cross-connected by connecting rods to increase the overall stability of the support structure.

[0015] Furthermore, a top plate is fixedly installed at the top of the hydraulic transmission device, and inclined hydraulic rods are provided on both sides of the bottom end of the top plate. The bottom ends of the inclined hydraulic rods are installed on both sides of the top of the base. A side plate is provided on the outside of the bottom end of the top plate, located at the top of the fixed plate and on one side of the reinforcing plate. A protective belt is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top plate and the side plate, and a water-proof bladder is provided in the inner cavity of the protective belt.

[0016] Furthermore, the overall shape of the top plate is arched, and the inner wall of the top plate is provided with a groove that matches the water-proof bladder. The inclined hydraulic rod connects the top plate and the base in a hinged manner.

[0017] Furthermore, the overall shape of the pressing plate is rectangular, and the top side of the pressing plate protrudes upwards. The inner wall of the pressing plate is provided with a groove that matches the water-proof bladder.

[0018] Furthermore, the protective strip is in the shape of an inverted "U", the interior of the protective strip is hollow, and the surface of the protective strip is elastic.

[0019] Furthermore, the water-proof bladder is hexagonal in shape and hollow inside. The water-proof bladder is fixedly connected to the protective belt as a whole. The surface of the water-proof bladder is elastic. The interior of the water-proof bladder is filled with water-absorbing resin. Micropores are opened on the top surface of the water-proof bladder.

[0020] A construction method for a soft rock roadway support device includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. When using, first erect the lever arm, install the two large hydraulic rods at the bottom, and then install the two small hydraulic rods on one side. Determine the required lengths of the large and small hydraulic rods according to the tunnel height, and fix the lengths of the large and small hydraulic rods.

[0022] S2. Then prepare to install the base. Connect the large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod to the base. Fix the base in the position where temporary support is needed and adjust it to be level. After connecting, install the hydraulic transmission device on the base.

[0023] S3. After the base is installed, install the top pad of appropriate length on the hydraulic transmission device and fix it. Then pressurize the hydraulic transmission device to provide temporary support for the top pad.

[0024] S4. After a set of temporary support devices is installed, repeat the above steps to install the next set of temporary support devices. Arrange the temporary support devices along the tunnel excavation direction at certain intervals. Adjacent support devices are connected by connecting rods and bolts. Based on past engineering experience, the interval between adjacent support devices is 800-1000mm, which can provide comprehensive control over the tunnel roof.

[0025] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This application provides a soft rock roadway support device. By installing this invention device, the problem of existing temporary support devices occupying roadway space is solved. This invention device only needs to occupy part of the space at the top of the roadway to complete the support of the roadway.

[0027] By setting up large and small hydraulic rods, which are connected to the lever arm, the pressure at the top of the roadway can be effectively transmitted to the lever arm. By keeping the lever arm in close contact with the roadway sidewall, the force at the top of the roadway can be transmitted to the roadway sidewall, thereby controlling the deformation of the sidewall.

[0028] The hydraulic transmission device at the top is controlled independently, and can flexibly inject pressure according to the shape of the tunnel to adapt to tunnels with different cross-sectional shapes. Both the large and small hydraulic rods are adjustable and can be flexibly adjusted according to the height and width of the tunnel. The device is evenly arranged at certain intervals along the tunnel excavation direction, which has a better support effect on the fractured section and water-soaked section of the roof of soft rock tunnels.

[0029] This invention provides a simple temporary support device for soft rock roadways, which is easy to install and disassemble. The combined support structure has high resistance to deformation. Furthermore, the construction process is simple and easy to disassemble, effectively improving the roadway retention effect, controlling surrounding rock deformation, and achieving the goal of roadway protection.

[0030] By setting up protective belts and water-proof bags, the protective belts and water-proof bags provide elastic structural buffering for falling rocks, thereby reducing the impact force of the rocks and protecting the surface of the capping plate. This further prevents the capping plate from deforming and cracking due to the impact of fragmented rocks, effectively enhancing the stability and strength of the support and making the support device safer to operate.

[0031] Meanwhile, by setting up water-absorbing resin inside the water-proof bladder and opening micropores on the top surface of the water-proof bladder, the water-proof bladder is used to absorb water and dry the roof and sides of the roadway, so that the roof and sides maintain good dryness and avoid the problem of loose soil due to excessive moisture, which could lead to roadway collapse. This greatly improves the stability and deformation resistance of the roadway. At the same time, it also has a waterproof effect on the surface of the roof and side plates, preventing damage to the roof and side plate structures and improving the durability of the support device.

[0032] In addition, by setting up water-tight bags, the water-absorbing resin inside the bags absorbs water and expands, which in turn causes the entire protective belt to expand, thereby filling the gaps between the top and sides and the roof plate. This ensures that the top and sides of the roadway are fully supported, greatly improving the support and stability of the support device. The more water the water-tight bags absorb, the greater the expansion and the better the filling effect. The roadway and the support device are more closely attached, and the top and sides of the roadway are drier, greatly preventing the occurrence of collapse accidents.

[0033] By setting up a side plate, when the side plate is pressed against the side wall, it will squeeze the bottom end of the roof plate outward, thus squeezing the roof plate outward. Under the squeezing action of the side plate, the roof plate squeezes the top of the roadway outward, further promoting the roof plate's effect of preventing the roof from deforming and collapsing downward. At the same time, the side plate also gradually moves closer to the side wall, further preventing the side wall from deforming. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments disclosed in this application and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles disclosed in this application.

[0035] This application can be more clearly understood with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, wherein:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structural layout of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a front view of the cross-sectional structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the top plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the pressure plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Hydraulic transmission device; 2. Top pad; 3. Lever arm; 4. Large hydraulic rod; 5. Reinforcing plate; 6. Small hydraulic rod; 7. Connecting piece; 8. Fixing plate; 9. Base; 10. Bolt; 11. Connecting rod; 12. Top plate; 13. Diagonal brace hydraulic rod; 14. Side plate; 15. Protective belt; 16. Waterproof bladder. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Please see Figures 1-7 A soft rock tunnel support device includes a hydraulic transmission device 1, a top pad 2 fixedly installed at the top of the hydraulic transmission device 1, lever arms 3 provided on both sides below the bottom of the top pad 2, a base 9 fixedly installed at the bottom of the hydraulic transmission device 1, a reinforcing plate 5 fixedly installed at the bottom of one side of the lever arm 3, the reinforcing plate 5 being connected to a large hydraulic rod 4 via a connector 7, the other end of the large hydraulic rod 4 being installed at the bottom of the base 9, small hydraulic rods 6 being installed on both sides of the base 9, and a fixing plate 8 fixedly installed at the bottom of the lever arm 3.

[0047] The large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 connect the lever arm 3 and the base 9 in a hinged manner. The extension of the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 is 500mm. To adapt to various changes in roadway width, the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 are adjustable. By setting the large hydraulic rod 4, which is connected to the lever arm 3, the pressure at the top of the roadway can be effectively transmitted to the lever arm 3. By pressing the lever arm 3 tightly against the roadway sidewall, the force at the top of the roadway can be transmitted to the roadway sidewall, thereby controlling the deformation of the sidewall.

[0048] The initial support force of the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 is 11.2 MPa, and the working resistance is 20 MPa. The extension point of the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 can be determined according to the injection pressure capacity. When the initial support force of the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 is reached, the injection pressure is stopped.

[0049] The hydraulic transmission device 1 is installed on the base 9 by bolting. The two hydraulic transmission devices 1 are controlled independently and can be pressurized separately according to the shape of the tunnel. By setting the top hydraulic transmission device 1 for independent control, the pressurization can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape of the tunnel to achieve the effect of adapting to tunnels with different cross-sectional shapes. The maximum range of the hydraulic transmission device 1 can reach 500mm and can be flexibly adjusted according to the tunnel height. The endpoint of the hydraulic transmission device 1 is controlled by the hydraulic pressure display. The initial support force of the hydraulic transmission device 1 is not less than 22MPa. When the initial support force of the hydraulic transmission device 1 reaches 22MPa, the pressurization is stopped. The working resistance of the hydraulic transmission device 1 is 25MPa.

[0050] The reinforcing plate 5 is welded to the lever arm 3 to increase the bending strength of the lever arm 3;

[0051] The top pad 2 can be a π-shaped steel beam, and the length and width of the top pad 2 can be flexibly adjusted according to the length of the roadway roof.

[0052] The base 9 has holes that allow it to be fixed to the tunnel floor.

[0053] Please see Figures 1-7 Among them, the small hydraulic rod 6 is a single-sided double rod, which is connected to the base 9 and the lever arm 3 by a hinge.

[0054] Please see Figures 1-7 Both the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 are telescopic and can be flexibly adjusted according to the width of the tunnel. The large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 are adjustable, which can achieve the effect of flexibly adjusting according to the height and width of the tunnel.

[0055] Please see Figures 1-7 In this invention, the two support structures are cross-connected by connecting rods 11 to increase the overall stability of the support structure. The device is evenly arranged at certain intervals along the tunnel excavation direction, which is more effective for supporting the broken section and water-soaked section of the roof of soft rock tunnels.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Please refer to Example 1. Figures 1-7 A pressure plate 12 is fixedly installed at the top of the hydraulic transmission device 1. The bottom ends of the pressure plate 12 are provided with inclined hydraulic rods 13 on both sides. The bottom ends of the inclined hydraulic rods 13 are installed on both sides of the top of the base 9. The bottom end of the pressure plate 12 is provided with a side plate 14 located at the top of the fixed plate 8 and on one side of the reinforcing plate 5. A protective belt 15 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the pressure plate 12 and the side plate 14. The inner cavity of the protective belt 15 is provided with a water-proof bladder 16.

[0058] Please see Figures 1-7 The overall shape of the top pressure plate 12 is arched. The inner wall of the top pressure plate 12 has grooves that fit the water-proof bladder 16. By setting the top pressure plate 12, the roadway roof is compressed and supported, keeping it stable and preventing it from collapsing. Simultaneously, the inner wall of the top pressure plate 12 has hexagonal grooves that fit the water-proof bladder 16. Therefore, the surface of the top pressure plate 12 that contacts the hydraulic transmission device 1, i.e., the load-bearing surface of the top pressure plate 12, has a hexagonal honeycomb structure. Based on the characteristics of the honeycomb structure, when the honeycomb structure is subjected to external force, the honeycomb... The honeycomb structure can distribute the external forces from all sides, thus possessing excellent strength and stability. Therefore, by utilizing the honeycomb structure of the capping plate 12, when the hydraulic transmission device 1 pushes the capping plate 12 upwards and the top exerts downward counter-pressure on the capping plate 12, the pressure applied by the top is evenly distributed through the honeycomb structure, thereby reducing the load-bearing pressure on the surface of the capping plate 12, making the capping plate 12 uniformly compressed as a whole, and preventing the capping plate 12 from bending or breaking due to excessive pressure at a single point during capping, which would lead to the damage of the support structure and its inability to function properly. This further improves the durability, strength, and stability of the capping plate 12.

[0059] Please see Figures 1-7 The inclined hydraulic rod 13 connects the top plate 12 and the base 9 in a hinged manner.

[0060] Please see Figures 1-7The side plate 14 is rectangular in shape, with one side of the top plate protruding upwards. The inner wall of the side plate 14 has a groove that matches the water-proof bladder 16. By setting the side plate 14, when the top plate 12 is squeezed by the deformation of the roadway roof, the top pressure is transmitted to the base 9 through the inclined hydraulic rod 13. Due to the support of the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6, the pressure is dispersed and transmitted to the side plate 14. Under the pressure, the side plate 14 presses tightly against the side. When the side plate 14 presses tightly against the side, it will squeeze the bottom end of the top plate 12 outwards, thus squeezing the top plate 12 outwards. Under the squeezing action of the side plate 14, the top plate 12 squeezes the top of the roadway outwards, further promoting the effect of the top plate 12 in preventing the roof from deforming and collapsing downwards. At the same time, the side plate 14 also gradually presses against the side to prevent the side from deforming.

[0061] Please see Figures 1-7 The protective belt 15 is shaped like an inverted "U", the interior of the protective belt 15 is hollow, and the surface of the protective belt 15 is elastic.

[0062] Please see Figures 1-7 The water-tight bag 16 is hexagonal in shape and hollow inside. It is fixedly connected to the protective belt 15 as a single unit. The surface of the water-tight bag 16 is elastic, and its interior is filled with absorbent resin. Micropores are formed on the top surface of the water-tight bag 16. By using the protective belt 15 and the water-tight bag 16, when the support device provides support and protection for the roadway, if rocks fall from the top, the elasticity of the protective belt 15 and the hexagonal structure of the water-tight bag 16 will prevent the protective belt 15 from falling. Together with the water-proof bladder 16, they form a honeycomb panel structure. Because the honeycomb panel structure has good load-bearing capacity, it can distribute and bear the pressure. Then, through the protective belt 15 and the water-proof bladder 16, the falling rock blocks are elastically buffered, so that the rock blocks cannot hit the surface of the capping plate 12 with great force, thereby reducing the impact force of the rock blocks and protecting the surface of the capping plate 12. This further prevents the capping plate 12 from deforming and cracking due to the impact of fragmented rock blocks. On the contrary, it effectively strengthens the stability and strength of the support, making the support work safer.

[0063] Meanwhile, because the protective belt 15 is U-shaped and each support device is arranged closely together, the rocks falling from the top are blocked by the protective belt 15 and the support devices, and can only fall into the gap between the roof plate 12 and the protective belt 15, and gradually accumulate. The accumulated rocks can help fill the gap between the roof and the side, thereby strengthening the tightness between the roadway and the support device, preventing the roof and side from being too suspended due to excessive gaps between the roof and the side, resulting in less support and large deformation, which could lead to collapse.

[0064] Furthermore, by installing absorbent resin inside the water-proof bag 16 and creating micropores on its top surface, when the roof and walls of the tunnel become excessively damp, moisture enters the interior of the water-proof bag 16 through these micropores, comes into contact with the absorbent resin, and is completely absorbed. This allows the water-proof bag 16 to absorb and dry the roof and walls of the tunnel, maintaining a certain level of dryness and preventing soil loosening due to excessive moisture, which could lead to tunnel collapse. This greatly improves the stability and deformation resistance of the roadway. At the same time, because the water-proof bag 16 is embedded in the surface of the roof plate 12, it fills and seals the surface of the roof plate 12. Thus, while absorbing water, the water-proof bag 16 also waterproofs the surface of the roof plate 12, preventing external moisture from seeping in and adhering to the surface of the roof plate 12 and causing corrosion. Similarly, the water-proof bag 16 also waterproofs the side plate 14, preventing damage to the side plate 14 structure and improving the durability of the support device.

[0065] Meanwhile, as the water-tight bladder 16 absorbs moisture over a long period, the water-absorbing resin inside it gradually expands, causing the bladder 16 to continuously expand. As the bladder 16 expands, it causes the entire protective belt 15 to expand outwards. When the protective belt 15 expands, it fills the gaps between the roof and the roof plate 12, i.e., the gap between the roof and the roof, thus ensuring that there are no gaps between the support device and the roof and walls of the roadway, resulting in a complete fit. This provides complete support and protection for the roof and walls of the roadway, greatly improving the stability of the support device. Furthermore, the more water the bladder 16 absorbs, the greater its expansion and the better its filling effect. The roadway and the support device are more tightly fitted, and the roof and walls of the roadway are drier, greatly preventing the occurrence of collapse accidents.

[0066] A construction method for a soft rock roadway support device includes the following steps:

[0067] S1. When using, first erect the lever arm 3, install the two large hydraulic rods 4 at the bottom, and then install the two small hydraulic rods 6 on one side. Determine the required lengths of the large hydraulic rods 4 and small hydraulic rods 6 according to the tunnel height, and fix the lengths of the large hydraulic rods 4 and small hydraulic rods 6.

[0068] S2. Then prepare to install the base 9. Connect the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 to the base 9. Fix the base 9 in the position where temporary support is needed and adjust it to be level. After connecting, install the hydraulic transmission device 1 on the base 9.

[0069] S3. After the base 9 is installed, the top pad 2 of appropriate length is installed on the hydraulic transmission device 1 and fixed. Then, the hydraulic transmission device 1 is pressurized to provide temporary support for the top pad 2.

[0070] S4. After a set of temporary support devices is installed, repeat the above steps to install the next set of temporary support devices. Arrange the temporary support devices along the tunnel excavation direction at certain intervals. Adjacent support devices are connected by connecting rods 11 and bolts 10. Based on past engineering experience, the interval between adjacent support devices is 800-1000mm, which can provide comprehensive control over the tunnel roof.

[0071] The working principle of the method of using this invention is as follows:

[0072] When temporary support is required for the roadway, if the method described in Example 1 is adopted, the method is as follows:

[0073] When in use, first erect the lever arm 3, install the two large hydraulic rods 4 at the bottom, and then install the two small hydraulic rods 6 on one side. Determine the required lengths of the large hydraulic rods 4 and small hydraulic rods 6 according to the height of the tunnel, and fix the lengths of the large hydraulic rods 4 and small hydraulic rods 6.

[0074] Then prepare to install the base 9, connect the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 to the base 9, fix the base 9 in the position where temporary support is needed and adjust it to be level. After connecting, install the hydraulic transmission device 1 on the base 9.

[0075] After the base 9 is installed, the top pad 2 of an appropriate length is installed on the hydraulic transmission device 1 and fixed. Then, the hydraulic transmission device 1 is pressurized to provide temporary support for the top pad 2.

[0076] After a set of temporary support devices is installed, repeat the above steps to install the next set of temporary support devices. Arrange the temporary support devices along the tunnel excavation direction at certain intervals. Adjacent support devices are connected by connecting rods 11 and bolts 10. Based on past engineering experience, the interval between adjacent support devices is 800-1000mm, which can provide comprehensive control over the tunnel roof.

[0077] If the method of Embodiment 2 is adopted, the method is as follows:

[0078] In use, after installing the side plate 14 on the side of the roadway, the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 are installed on one side surface of the side plate 14 through the connector 7. After the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 are installed, they are fixed to the base 9. After installation, the hydraulic transmission device 1 and the diagonal brace hydraulic rod 13 are installed on the base 9. The diagonal brace hydraulic rod 13 is also connected to the base 9 through the connector 7. After the base 9 is installed, the top plate 15 is evenly laid on the inner wall of the 12. After the top plate 12 is installed, it is then erected. The base plate 9 is pressed against the top of the tunnel. Simultaneously, the hydraulic transmission device 1, the large hydraulic rod 4, the small hydraulic rod 6, and the inclined support hydraulic rod 13 are pressurized. The large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6 push the base 9 upward, so that the base 9 reaches the appropriate support position. At the same time, the hydraulic transmission device 1 and the inclined support hydraulic rod 13 push the bottom surface and both sides of the roof plate 12 upward, so that the roof plate 12 is pressed against the top of the tunnel and stabilized. After the roof plate 12 is stabilized, the position of the side plate 14 is adjusted. Using the supporting and squeezing action of the large hydraulic rod 4 and the small hydraulic rod 6, the side plate 14 is brought closer to the side and fits with the roof plate 12 to form a tight assembly.

[0079] After the roof plate 12 and the side plate 14 are assembled, the hydraulic transmission device 1, the large hydraulic rod 4, the small hydraulic rod 6 and the inclined brace hydraulic rod 13 are fixed in length, and the hydraulic action is used to support and protect the top and sides of the roadway.

[0080] Once a set of support devices is assembled, the above steps can be repeated to assemble the next set of support devices. Each set of support devices is arranged in close proximity to each other along the tunnel excavation direction to provide comprehensive support for the tunnel.

Claims

1. A support device for soft rock tunnels, characterized in that, include: A hydraulic transmission device (1) is provided, with a pressure plate (12) fixedly installed at the top end of the hydraulic transmission device (1) and a base (9) bolted to the bottom end of the hydraulic transmission device (1). The bottom end of the top plate (12) is hinged with inclined hydraulic rods (13), and the bottom end of the inclined hydraulic rods (13) is hinged to the top end of the base (9) on both sides. The bottom end of the top plate (12) is provided with a side plate (14) located at the top of the fixed plate (8) and on one side of the reinforcing plate (5). The inner wall of the top plate (12) and the side plate (14) is fixedly installed with a protective belt (15), and the inner cavity of the protective belt (15) is provided with a water-proof bladder (16). The reinforcing plate (5) is connected to the large hydraulic rod (4) through the connector (7). The other end of the large hydraulic rod (4) is installed at the bottom of the base (9). Small hydraulic rods (6) are installed on both sides of the base (9). The large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) connect the pressure plate (14) and the base (9). The connection between the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) and the base (9) is hinged. The extension of the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) is 500mm. In order to adapt to the changes in various roadway widths, the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) are adjustable. The hydraulic transmission device, the large hydraulic rod, the small hydraulic rod and the inclined support hydraulic rod are pressurized. The large hydraulic rod and the small hydraulic rod push the base upward so that the base reaches the appropriate support position. The initial support force of the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) is 11.2 MPa, and the working resistance is 20 MPa. The extension point of the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) can be determined according to the injection pressure capacity. When the initial support force of the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) is reached, the injection pressure is stopped. The two hydraulic transmission devices (1) are controlled separately and pressurized according to the shape of the tunnel. The maximum range of the hydraulic transmission device (1) can reach 500mm and can be flexibly adjusted according to the tunnel height. The endpoint of the hydraulic transmission device (1) is controlled according to the hydraulic pressure display. The initial support force of the hydraulic transmission device (1) is not less than 22MPa. When the initial support force of the hydraulic transmission device (1) reaches 22MPa, the pressurization is stopped. The working resistance of the hydraulic transmission device (1) is 25MPa. The base (9) is provided with holes so that the base (9) can be fixed to the bottom plate of the tunnel; The overall shape of the pressure plate (12) is arched, and the inner wall of the pressure plate (12) is provided with a groove that is compatible with the water-proof bag (16). The overall shape of the pressing plate (14) is rectangular, and the top side of the pressing plate (14) protrudes upward. The inner wall of the pressing plate (14) is provided with a groove that matches the water-proof bag (16). Thus, the protective strip (15) and the water-proof bag (16) together form a honeycomb structure. The protective belt (15) is in the shape of an inverted "U". The interior of the protective belt (15) is hollow. The surface of the protective belt (15) is elastic. The protective belt (15) and the water-proof bag (16) provide elastic structural buffering for the falling rock blocks. The water-proof bag (16) is hexagonal in shape and hollow inside. The water-proof bag (16) is fixedly connected to the protective belt (15) as a whole. The surface of the water-proof bag (16) is elastic. The inside of the water-proof bag (16) is filled with water-absorbing resin. The top surface of the water-proof bag (16) has micropores. The water-proof bag is used to absorb water and dry the roof and sides of the roadway, so that the roof and sides maintain good dryness. The water-absorbing resin absorbs water and expands, which in turn drives the entire protective belt to expand together, thereby filling the gap between the top and sides and the roof plate. When the side plate presses against the side wall, it will squeeze the bottom of the roof plate outward, which in turn will squeeze the roof plate outward. Under the squeezing action of the side plate, the roof plate squeezes the top of the roadway outward, further promoting the roof plate's effect of preventing the roof from deforming and collapsing downward.

2. The soft rock tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The small hydraulic rod (6) is a single-sided double rod.

3. A soft rock tunnel support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) are telescopic and can be flexibly adjusted according to the width of the tunnel.

4. The construction method of a soft rock tunnel support device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: In use, after installing the side plate (14) on the side of the roadway, after the side plate (14) is installed, the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) are installed on one side surface of the side plate (14) through the connector (7). After the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) are installed, they are fixed to the base (9). After installation, the hydraulic transmission device (1) and the inclined support hydraulic rod (13) are installed on the base (9). The inclined support hydraulic rod (13) is also connected to the base (9) through the connector (7). After the base (9) is installed, the protective belt (15) is evenly laid on the inner wall of the top plate (12). After the protective belt (15) is installed, the top plate (12) is raised and tightly attached to the top of the roadway. At the same time, the hydraulic transmission device (1), the large hydraulic rod (4), and the small hydraulic rod (6) are fixed. The hydraulic rod (6) and the inclined hydraulic rod (13) are pressurized. The large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) push the base (9) upward so that the base (9) reaches the appropriate support position. At the same time, the hydraulic transmission device (1) and the inclined hydraulic rod (13) push the bottom and sides of the roof plate (12) upward to make the roof plate (12) and the roadway top fit together firmly. After the roof plate (12) is stable, the position of the side plate (14) is adjusted. The support and squeezing action of the large hydraulic rod (4) and the small hydraulic rod (6) is used to make the side plate (14) close to the side and fit with the roof plate (12) to form a tight assembly. After the roof plate (12) and the side plate (14) are assembled, the length of the hydraulic transmission device (1), the large hydraulic rod (4), the small hydraulic rod (6) and the inclined hydraulic rod (13) are fixed. The hydraulic action is used to support and protect the top and side of the roadway.

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