Bridge rescue training facility and method
By setting up various simulated scenarios and replaceable PVC material components in the bridge rescue training facility, combined with training methods, the problem of low efficiency in existing bridge rescue training has been solved, achieving a highly efficient training effect across all subjects and processes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
Smart Images
Figure CN117672071B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of emergency rescue, and more specifically, to a bridge rescue training facility and training method. Background Technology
[0002] Bridges are vital transportation infrastructure, serving as a crucial component and key node in road networks. However, geological disasters such as earthquakes can damage and break bridges, severely hindering traffic and even causing bridge collapses if not addressed promptly. Given the complex and dangerous nature of bridge accidents, it is essential to improve the timeliness and accuracy of rescue personnel's operations through training.
[0003] Due to the complexity of bridge disaster recovery, there is currently a lack of simulation training facilities specifically designed for bridge rescue training. Trainees can only rely on other training facilities for single, fixed training sessions, making it difficult to adapt to different training needs. This results in low training efficiency and unsatisfactory training outcomes. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a bridge rescue training facility and training method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a bridge rescue training facility, which includes a bridge area and an under-bridge area. Multiple engineering elevators and multiple staircases are provided on the side of the bridge area. The staircases serve as safe evacuation routes for personnel, and the engineering elevators are used to assist in transporting equipment to the bridge deck.
[0006] The bridge rescue training facility is equipped with structural stress monitoring sensors at the stress points of the structure. These sensors are used to monitor the structural stability in real time and automatically trigger an alarm when a structural component is damaged or reaches the maximum set stress value.
[0007] The bridge area is divided into sections of intact bridge, damaged bridge, and accident-prone sections. The area under the bridge is designated as a section for hazardous chemical tanker truck accidents.
[0008] The damaged bridge section is designed with bridge damage points and fracture zones to simulate scenarios of superstructure damage, bearing damage, substructure damage, foundation damage, and bridge fracture after an earthquake. This allows for training in rapid reopening, repair, and reinforcement of damaged bridges.
[0009] The bridge damage points are located in the bridge deck, beams, fall arrestors, supports, piers, and foundations. Replaceable PVC material components are installed at each of these damage points. These replaceable PVC material components for the bridge deck, beams, fall arrestors, supports, piers, and foundations are: bridge deck components, camouflage beam components, fall arrestor components, support components, pier wrapping patches, and foundation damage patches. Below each pier is an excavable soil-filled pool, pre-filled with soil. The foundation damage patches are located inside this excavable soil-filled pool.
[0010] The replaceable PVC material components are used to simulate different disaster scenarios, different damage states, and different degrees of damage to bridge components.
[0011] The replaceable PVC material components are disassembled and assembled in a specific direction to enable quick replacement.
[0012] The section where the traffic accident occurred is equipped with accident vehicles in upright, overturned, backward, and about-to-fall postures to simulate bridge traffic accident scenarios and conduct vehicle stabilization and dismantling training.
[0013] The section where the hazardous chemical tanker accident occurred was equipped with an accident tanker truck to simulate a hazardous chemical leak scenario involving leakage from the tanker itself and its safety valve. Training was conducted on plugging leaks in the tanker itself and its safety valve, handling of leaked materials, and overall disinfection of the contaminated area.
[0014] The section where the hazardous chemical tanker accident occurred is equipped with an odor generating device to simulate the complex odors of different types of hazardous chemical leak scenarios.
[0015] The present invention also provides a bridge rescue training method, which utilizes the aforementioned bridge rescue training facilities and includes the following steps:
[0016] Based on the actual needs of the training subjects, obstacles are artificially set up or artificially damaged inside and around the bridge rescue training facilities to customize bridge accident disaster scenes. The training methods include bridge training methods, bridge under training methods, and hazardous chemical tanker accident rescue training methods.
[0017] Trainees cleaned up and repaired the bridge accident site, restoring the bridge rescue training facilities to normal operation.
[0018] Customized bridge accident disaster sites employ at least one of the following methods:
[0019] (1) Arrange bridge damage points to adjust the types and difficulty of training skills. Replace the bridge damage points with replaceable PVC material components with different disaster scene characteristics, different damage states, and different damage degrees according to the training subject requirements.
[0020] (2) At the section where the traffic accident occurred, a tower crane was used to place the simulated accident vehicles on the bridge surface. The position and shape of the vehicles were adjusted, and vehicles were arranged in upright, overturned, overturned, and about to fall postures. Trapped dummies were placed inside the vehicles.
[0021] (3) Place oil tankers with broken safety valves, abnormal opening, flange leakage or tank damage at the section where the accident occurred to simulate the scenario of hazardous chemical leakage caused by the tanker accident.
[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the training method is a bridge training method, the following steps are included:
[0023] S11: Entry. Trainees go up the stairs to the bridge, prepare for training on the intact section of the bridge, and then enter the damaged section of the bridge to begin training.
[0024] S12: Trainees temporarily reinforce the damaged bridge deck by performing the following operations in sequence: covering the damaged bridge deck with a large area of steel plate → applying epoxy resin adhesive to the cut steel plate and the cracks in the component → erecting temporary supports at the damaged component → reinforcing the damaged component with fiber-reinforced polymer composite material.
[0025] S13: Based on the characteristics of the disaster site, trainees will use surface repair, pressure grouting, and fiber-reinforced polymer composite material reinforcement methods to repair, reinforce, or replace replaceable PVC material components at the damaged points of the bridge deck, beams, anti-fall barriers, support seats, and piers, or remove some components and recast them. Among these methods, trainees will use cable descent on the bridge to treat the support seats, some beams, and piers.
[0026] S14: Trainees use truck-mounted cranes to load, unload, and move bridge segments in the bridge fracture zone to quickly assemble an emergency bridge;
[0027] S15: After crossing the emergency bridge, trainees will use jacks and toothed saws to stabilize and dismantle the simulated accident vehicle at the accident site.
[0028] S16: Trainees descend the bridge via the stairs;
[0029] S17: Training complete.
[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the training method is an under-bridge training method, the following steps are included:
[0031] S21: Entering the training area, the trainees prepare for training in the open and safe area under the bridge and begin training;
[0032] S22: Trainees will excavate the soil from the excavable soil filling pool, repair the damaged foundation by patching the surface, pressure grouting, or re-casting, adding piles for reinforcement, adding continuous walls, improving the foundation, or enlarging the foundation. After the treatment is completed, the excavable soil filling pool will be backfilled with soil.
[0033] S23: Trainees set up ladders on the ground below the damaged points of the piers and supports, climbed the ladders, and repaired, reinforced, or replaced the replaceable PVC material components at the damaged points of the piers and supports.
[0034] S24: Return to the ground after processing;
[0035] S25: Training complete.
[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the training method is a hazardous chemical tanker accident rescue training method, it includes the following steps:
[0037] S31: Upon arrival, trainees prepare for hazardous chemical tanker truck accident rescue training in an open, safe area under the bridge before entering the section where the accident occurred and commencing training.
[0038] S32: Trainees shall use steel straps, wooden wedges, and adhesive to plug leaks in the tanker truck body and safety valves, and handle the leaks to prevent their spread.
[0039] S33: Dilute the hazardous chemical spill with a water spray gun or neutralize it with chemicals to prevent its spread, or transfer the spilled material to another container.
[0040] S34: After completing the training on plugging and handling of leaked materials, the contaminated personnel, vehicles, and the entire contaminated area shall be disinfected in sequence, and the personnel shall leave the site after the safety standards are met.
[0041] S35: Training complete.
[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bridge damage states corresponding to replaceable PVC material components with different disaster site characteristics, different damage states, and different degrees of damage include cracks, ruptures, deformation, crushing, tilting, displacement, concrete spalling, and exposed steel bars.
[0043] The bridge rescue training facility and training method provided by this invention have the following beneficial technical effects:
[0044] (1) It effectively restores the complex scenario of bridge rescue training, and can realize the training of all subjects and processes of bridge rescue, making up for the lack of professional bridge rescue training facilities.
[0045] (2) It can adjust the training methods and difficulty according to training needs, thus improving the training effect of bridge rescue. Attached Figure Description
[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0047] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a bridge rescue training facility according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0048] Figure 2 This is a side view of a bridge rescue training facility according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0049] Figure 3 This is a first-view schematic diagram of the bridge damage points according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0050] Figure 4 This is a second-view schematic diagram of the bridge damage point according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a bridge deck component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a camouflage beam component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a fall-prevention baffle component and a support base component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a pier-wrapping patch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a basic damaged patch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a foundation damage patch located inside a foundation excavable soil filling pool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0057] Figure 11 A first-person perspective diagram of the training method on the bridge;
[0058] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the training method on the bridge from a second perspective;
[0059] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the training method under the bridge;
[0060] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a training method for rescuing tanker trucks involved in hazardous chemical accidents.
[0061] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Bridge area; 2-Under-bridge area; 3-Staircase No. 1; 4-Staircase No. 2; 5-Staircase No. 3; 6-Elevator No. 1; 7-Elevator No. 2; 8-Elevator No. 3; 9-Intact section of the bridge; 10-Damaged section of the bridge; 11-Section where traffic accident occurred; 12-Section where hazardous chemical tanker accident occurred; 13-Bridge fracture zone; 21-Bridge deck; 22-Beam slab; 23-Fall-proof barrier; 24-Support base; 25-Pier column; 26 - Foundation section; 31 - Intact section of the bridge; 32 - Damaged bridge surface; 33 - Bridge fracture zone; 34 - Section where the traffic accident occurred; 35 - On the bridge; 41 - Open and safe area under the bridge; 42 - Excavable soil filling pool; 43 - Ground below the damaged pier and support; 44, 45 - Damaged pier and support; 51 - Open and safe area under the bridge; 52 - Area under the bridge; 53 - Another area under the bridge; 54 - Overall contaminated area. Detailed Implementation
[0062] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0063] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a bridge rescue training facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of a bridge rescue training facility according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the bridge rescue training facility provided by this invention has a bridge area 1 and an under-bridge area 2. Three engineering elevators and three staircases are provided on the side of the bridge area. The staircases serve as safe evacuation routes for personnel, and the engineering elevators are used to assist in transporting equipment to the bridge deck. The three engineering elevators are respectively... Figure 1 The three staircases shown are 6 to 8. Figure 1 3~5 shown,
[0064] The bridge rescue training facility is equipped with structural stress monitoring sensors at the stress points of the structure. These sensors are used to monitor the structural stability in real time and automatically trigger an alarm when a structural component is damaged or reaches the maximum set stress value.
[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the bridge area is divided into three sections: intact section 9, damaged section 10, and accident site 11. The area under the bridge is divided into two sections: section 12, where a hazardous materials tanker truck accident occurred.
[0066] Figure 3This is a first-view schematic diagram of the bridge damage location according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a second-view schematic diagram of the bridge damage point according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figures 2-4 As shown, the damaged section of the bridge includes multiple damage points and fracture zones 13, simulating scenarios of superstructure damage, bearing damage, substructure damage, foundation damage, and bridge fracture after an earthquake. This training aims to facilitate rapid reopening, repair, and reinforcement of the damaged bridge.
[0067] The bridge damage points are located on the bridge deck 21, beam 22, fall arrestor 23, support base 24, pier 25, and foundation 26. Replaceable PVC material components are installed at all damage points, such as... Figures 5-9 As shown, the replaceable PVC material components for the bridge deck, beams, fall arrestors, supports, piers, and foundations at the points of bridge damage are: bridge deck components, camouflage beam components, fall arrestor components, support components, pier wrapping patches, and foundation damage patches. Below the piers is an excavable soil-filled pool, pre-filled with soil. The foundation damage patches are located inside the excavable soil-filled pool. Figure 10 As shown. It should be noted that the piers are pillars located beneath the bridge, built on the foundation (subsoil), and provide support for the bridge. The pier-wrapping patch is wrapped around the pier, while the foundation damage patch is located inside the foundation (subsoil). Therefore, the pier-wrapping patch is positioned above the foundation damage patch. In this case, the excavable soil-filled pool is equivalent to the foundation (subsoil), and the foundation damage patch is buried inside the excavable soil-filled pool, its purpose being to train personnel in foundation repair skills.
[0068] Replaceable PVC material components are used to simulate different disaster scenarios, different damage states, and different degrees of damage to bridge components, such as cracks, fractures, deformation, crushing, tilting, displacement, concrete spalling, and exposed rebar.
[0069] Replaceable PVC material components can be disassembled and assembled in a specific direction to achieve rapid replacement. Trainees can take reasonable measures to repair, reinforce or replace components based on the different disaster site characteristics, different damage states and different damage degrees of the damaged points.
[0070] Accident vehicles were placed in various positions—upright, overturned, tilted, and about to fall—to simulate bridge accident scenarios and conduct training on vehicle stabilization and dismantling.
[0071] The section where the hazardous chemical tanker accident occurred was set up to simulate a scenario of leakage from the tanker itself, safety valves, and hazardous chemicals. Training was conducted on leak sealing of the tanker itself and safety valves, handling of leaked materials, and overall decontamination of the contaminated area.
[0072] At the section where the hazardous chemical tanker accident occurred, an odor generating device was installed to simulate the complex odors of different types of hazardous chemical leaks.
[0073] The present invention also provides a bridge rescue training method, which utilizes the aforementioned bridge rescue training facilities and includes the following steps:
[0074] Based on the actual needs of the training subjects, obstacles are artificially set up or deliberately damaged inside and around the bridge rescue training facilities to customize bridge accident disaster scenes. The training methods include training methods on the bridge, training methods under the bridge, and training methods for hazardous chemical tanker accident rescue.
[0075] Trainees cleaned up and repaired the bridge accident site, restoring the bridge rescue training facilities to normal operation.
[0076] Customized bridge accident disaster sites employ at least one of the following methods:
[0077] (1) Arrange bridge damage points to adjust the types and difficulty of training skills. Replace the bridge damage points with replaceable PVC material components with different disaster scene characteristics, different damage states, and different damage degrees according to the training subject requirements.
[0078] (2) At the section where the traffic accident occurred, a tower crane was used to place the simulated accident vehicles on the bridge surface. The position and shape of the vehicles were adjusted, and vehicles were arranged in upright, overturned, overturned, and about to fall postures. Trapped dummies were placed inside the vehicles.
[0079] (3) Place oil tankers with broken safety valves, abnormal opening, flange leakage or tank damage at the section where the accident occurred to simulate the scenario of hazardous chemical leakage caused by the tanker accident.
[0080] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the training method on the bridge. Figure 12 This is a second-person perspective illustration of the training method on the bridge, as shown below. Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, when the training method is the bridge training method, the following steps are included:
[0081] S11: Entry. Trainees go up the stairs to the bridge, prepare for training in the intact section 31 of the bridge, and then enter the damaged section of the bridge to begin training.
[0082] S12: Trainees temporarily reinforce the damaged bridge deck by performing the following operations in sequence: covering 32 locations on the damaged bridge deck with large steel plates → applying epoxy resin adhesive to the cut steel plates and bonding them to the cracks in the components → erecting temporary supports at the damaged components → reinforcing the damaged components with fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials.
[0083] S13: Based on the characteristics of the disaster site, the trainees used surface repair, pressure grouting, and fiber-reinforced polymer composite material reinforcement methods to repair, reinforce, or replace the replaceable PVC material components at the damaged points of the bridge deck, beams, anti-fall barriers, support seats, and piers in sequence, or to remove some components and recast them. Among them, the trainees used the cable descent method to treat the support seats, some beams and piers at 35 locations on the bridge.
[0084] S14: Trainees use a truck-mounted crane to load, unload, and move bridge segments in the bridge fracture zone 33 to quickly assemble an emergency bridge;
[0085] S15: After crossing the emergency bridge, trainees will use jacks and toothed saws to stabilize and dismantle the simulated accident vehicle at the accident site section 34.
[0086] S16: Trainees descend the bridge via the stairs;
[0087] S17: Training complete.
[0088] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the training method under the bridge, as shown below. Figure 13 As shown, when the training method is the under-bridge training method, the following steps are included:
[0089] S21: Upon entering the training area, the trainees prepare for training in the open and safe area 41 under the bridge and begin training.
[0090] S22: Trainees will excavate the soil from the excavable soil filling pool 42, repair the damaged foundation by patching the surface, pressure grouting, or re-pouring, adding piles for reinforcement, adding continuous walls, improving the foundation, or enlarging the foundation. After the treatment is completed, the excavable soil filling pool will be backfilled with soil.
[0091] S23: Trainees set up a ladder at point 43 on the ground below the damaged points of the pier and support. Trainees climbed the ladder and... Figure 13 Replaceable PVC material components at the damaged points of the piers and supports at locations 44 and 45 in the middle section were repaired, reinforced, or replaced.
[0092] S24: Return to the ground after processing;
[0093] S25: Training complete.
[0094] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating training methods for rescuing hazardous chemical tanker truck accidents, such as... Figure 14 As shown, when the training method is a training method for rescuing hazardous chemical tanker accidents, it includes the following steps:
[0095] S31: Upon entry, trainees prepare for hazardous chemical tanker truck accident rescue training at point 51 in an open, safe area under the bridge, then proceed to the section where the accident occurred and begin training.
[0096] S32: At point 52 in the area under the bridge, trainees used steel straps, wooden wedges, and adhesive to plug leaks in the tanker truck and its safety valve. At point 53 in another area under the bridge, they addressed the leak to prevent its spread.
[0097] S33: Dilute the hazardous chemical spill with a water spray gun or neutralize it with chemicals to prevent its spread, or transfer the spilled material to another container.
[0098] S34: After the training on plugging and handling leaked materials is completed, the contaminated personnel, contaminated vehicles, and the entire contaminated area are disinfected in sequence. After the safety standards are met, the personnel leave the site.
[0099] S35: Training complete.
[0100] The bridge rescue training facility and training method provided by this invention have the following beneficial technical effects:
[0101] (1) It effectively restores the complex scenario of bridge rescue training, and can realize the training of all subjects and processes of bridge rescue, making up for the lack of professional bridge rescue training facilities.
[0102] (2) It can adjust the training methods and difficulty according to training needs, thus improving the training effect of bridge rescue.
[0103] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of one embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing the present invention.
[0104] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments can be distributed in the apparatus of the embodiments as described in the embodiments, or they can be located in one or more devices different from this embodiment with corresponding changes. The modules of the above embodiments can be combined into one module, or they can be further divided into multiple sub-modules.
[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A bridge rescue training facility, characterized in that, The bridge rescue training facility includes a bridge area and an area under the bridge. Multiple engineering elevators and staircases are installed on the side of the bridge area. The staircases serve as safe evacuation routes for personnel, while the engineering elevators are used to assist in transporting equipment to the bridge deck. The bridge rescue training facility is equipped with structural stress monitoring sensors at the stress points of the structure. These sensors are used to monitor the structural stability in real time and automatically trigger an alarm when a structural component is damaged or reaches the maximum set stress value. The bridge area is divided into sections of intact bridge, damaged bridge, and accident-prone sections. The area under the bridge is designated as a section for hazardous chemical tanker truck accidents. The damaged bridge section is designed with bridge damage points and fracture zones to simulate scenarios of superstructure damage, bearing damage, substructure damage, foundation damage, and bridge fracture after an earthquake. This allows for training in rapid reopening, repair, and reinforcement of damaged bridges. The bridge damage points are located in the bridge deck, beams, fall arrestors, supports, piers, and foundations. Replaceable PVC material components are installed at each of these damage points. These replaceable PVC material components for the bridge deck, beams, fall arrestors, supports, piers, and foundations are: bridge deck components, camouflage beam components, fall arrestor components, support components, pier wrapping patches, and foundation damage patches. Below each pier is an excavable soil-filled pool, pre-filled with soil. The foundation damage patches are located inside this excavable soil-filled pool. The replaceable PVC material components are used to simulate different disaster scenarios, different damage states, and different degrees of damage to bridge components. The replaceable PVC material components are disassembled and assembled in a specific direction to enable quick replacement. The section where the traffic accident occurred is equipped with accident vehicles in upright, overturned, backward, and about-to-fall postures to simulate bridge traffic accident scenarios and conduct vehicle stabilization and dismantling training. The section where the hazardous chemical tanker accident occurred was equipped with an accident tanker truck to simulate a hazardous chemical leak scenario involving leakage from the tanker itself and its safety valve. Training was conducted on plugging leaks in the tanker itself and its safety valve, handling of leaked materials, and overall disinfection of the contaminated area. The section where the hazardous chemical tanker accident occurred is equipped with an odor generating device to simulate the complex odors of different types of hazardous chemical leak scenarios.
2. A bridge rescue training method, wherein the method utilizes the bridge rescue training facility described in claim 1 for training, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the actual needs of the training subjects, obstacles are artificially set up or artificially damaged inside and around the bridge rescue training facilities to customize bridge accident disaster scenes. The training methods include bridge training methods, bridge under training methods, and hazardous chemical tanker accident rescue training methods. Trainees cleaned up and repaired the bridge accident site, restoring the bridge rescue training facilities to normal operation. Customized bridge accident disaster sites employ at least one of the following methods: (1) Arrange bridge damage points to adjust the types and difficulty of training skills. Replace the bridge damage points with replaceable PVC material components with different disaster scene characteristics, different damage states, and different damage degrees according to the training subject requirements. (2) At the section where the traffic accident occurred, a tower crane was used to place the simulated accident vehicles on the bridge surface. The position and shape of the vehicles were adjusted, and vehicles were arranged in upright, overturned, overturned, and about to fall postures. Trapped dummies were placed inside the vehicles. (3) Place oil tankers with broken safety valves, abnormal opening, flange leakage or tank damage at the section where the accident occurred to simulate the scenario of hazardous chemical leakage caused by the tanker accident.
3. The bridge rescue training method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the training method is the bridge training method, it includes the following steps: S11: Entry. Trainees go up the stairs to the bridge, prepare for training on the intact section of the bridge, and then enter the damaged section of the bridge to begin training. S12: Trainees temporarily reinforce the damaged bridge deck by performing the following operations in sequence: covering the damaged bridge deck with a large area of steel plate → applying epoxy resin adhesive to the cut steel plate and the cracks in the component → erecting temporary supports at the damaged component → reinforcing the damaged component with fiber-reinforced polymer composite material. S13: Based on the characteristics of the disaster site, trainees will use surface repair, pressure grouting, and fiber-reinforced polymer composite material reinforcement methods to repair, reinforce, or replace replaceable PVC material components at the damaged points of the bridge deck, beams, anti-fall barriers, support seats, and piers, or remove some components and recast them. Among these methods, trainees will use cable descent on the bridge to treat the support seats, some beams, and piers. S14: Trainees use truck-mounted cranes to load, unload, and move bridge segments in the bridge fracture zone to quickly assemble an emergency bridge; S15: After crossing the emergency bridge, trainees will use jacks and toothed saws to stabilize and dismantle the simulated accident vehicle at the accident site. S16: Trainees descend the bridge via the stairs; S17: Training complete.
4. The bridge rescue training method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the training method is an under-bridge training method, it includes the following steps: S21: Entering the training area, the trainees prepare for training in the open and safe area under the bridge and begin training; S22: Trainees will excavate the soil from the excavable soil filling pool, repair the damaged foundation by patching the surface, pressure grouting, or re-casting, adding piles for reinforcement, adding continuous walls, improving the foundation, or enlarging the foundation. After the treatment is completed, the excavable soil filling pool will be backfilled with soil. S23: Trainees set up ladders on the ground below the damaged points of the piers and supports, climbed the ladders, and repaired, reinforced, or replaced the replaceable PVC material components at the damaged points of the piers and supports. S24: Return to the ground after processing; S25: Training complete.
5. The bridge rescue training method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the training method is a training method for rescuing hazardous chemical tanker truck accidents, it includes the following steps: S31: Upon arrival, trainees prepare for hazardous chemical tanker truck accident rescue training in an open, safe area under the bridge before entering the section where the accident occurred and commencing training. S32: Trainees shall use steel straps, wooden wedges, and adhesive to plug leaks in the tanker truck body and safety valves, and handle the leaks to prevent their spread. S33: Dilute the hazardous chemical spill with a water spray gun or neutralize it with chemicals to prevent its spread, or transfer the spilled material to another container. S34: After completing the training on plugging and handling of leaked materials, the contaminated personnel, vehicles, and the entire contaminated area shall be disinfected in sequence, and the personnel shall leave the site after the safety standards are met. S35: Training complete.
6. The bridge rescue training method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The bridge damage conditions corresponding to replaceable PVC material components with different disaster site characteristics, different damage states, and different degrees of damage include cracks, ruptures, deformation, crushing, tilting, displacement, concrete spalling, and exposed rebar.