A large ring forging packaging safety verification method
By calculating the safety verification methods for pallets and strapping, the safety issues of pallets and strapping in the transportation of large ring forgings were solved, ensuring safety and economy during transportation and avoiding destructive testing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUIZHOU AVIATION TECHN DEV CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
Smart Images
Figure CN117682181B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a method for safety verification of large ring forging packaging, belonging to the field of large ring forging packaging and transportation technology. Background Technology
[0002] After large ring forgings are machined, they need to be packaged on pallets or palletized wooden crates. Due to the weight of the forgings, the pallets or packaging pallets are not evenly stressed when placed on them. This can sometimes lead to the forgings collapsing the packaging pallets, or the packing straps used to secure the forgings becoming loose or over-secured due to insufficient binding. To prevent this, the industry standard GB / T 13126, "General Technical Conditions for Protective Packaging in Humid and Tropical Weather for Machinery Industry Products," stipulates that road transport tests and free-fall tests can be used to test the safety of the packaging. However, these tests are destructive tests. If the packaging's strength does not meet the requirements, the forgings may be damaged by impacts. This method is not suitable for valuable, small-quantity large ring forgings. Furthermore, these tests require a series of equipment and instruments, resulting in significant investment and difficulties in practical implementation.
[0003] Large ring forgings are characterized by variety, small batches, and high cost. Therefore, the pallets used to support large ring forgings should be verified to have sufficient working load limits, and the packing straps should be verified to withstand the acceleration of large ring forgings during transportation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for verifying the safety of packaging for large ring forgings.
[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0006] A method for verifying the safety of packaging large ring forgings includes a pallet safety verification method and a strapping safety verification method. The pallet includes three support plates and multiple strips. The three support plates are arranged side by side at equal intervals, and the multiple strips are arranged side by side at equal intervals on the three support plates. The strips are perpendicular to the support plates, and the end faces of the strips are flush with the side faces of the outer support plates.
[0007] The pallet security verification method includes the following steps:
[0008] Step 1: Based on the contact between the ring forging and all the strips, determine the failure area and select the strip where the failure area is located as the target strip for safety verification;
[0009] Step 2: Calculate the maximum bending stress σ borne by the target strip from the ring forging. max ,
[0010]
[0011] Among them, Mmax y represents the maximum bending moment borne by the target lath from the ring forging. max I is the maximum distance from the failure region to the center of the target slat cross-section. z Let be the moment of inertia of the target lath;
[0012] Step 3, when σ max When n1≤[σ], the target slat meets the safety requirements, where n1 is the safety factor and [σ] is the maximum bending stress of the target slat.
[0013] The packing tape security verification method includes the following steps:
[0014] Step A: Under the condition that the acceleration of the ring forging is a in all directions, calculate the lateral force F exerted by the ring forging on the packing strap in one direction. 横 ;
[0015] Step B: Calculate the number of packing straps n2 in one direction.
[0016]
[0017] Where n3 is the safety factor, F 抗 This refers to the tensile strength of a single packing strap.
[0018] In step one, the area with the largest contact area between the ring forging and the strip is selected as the failure area.
[0019] The maximum bending moment M in step two max Perform the calculations using the following steps:
[0020] Step 1: Based on the weight of the ring forging, calculate the pressure F from the ring forging that the failure area on the target strip bears.
[0021] Step 2: Calculate the maximum lever arm d from the failure area on the target slat to the adjacent support plate. max ,
[0022]
[0023] Where L is the length of the target slat;
[0024] Step 3, according to formula M max =Fd max The maximum bending moment M was calculated. max .
[0025] The pressure F in step 1 is calculated according to the following formula:
[0026]
[0027] Where G is the weight of the ring forging, and S总 S represents the total contact area between the ring forging and the strip. 失 Let be the area of the failure region on the target slat.
[0028] The S 总 and S 失 The method for obtaining the area is as follows: After determining the relative position of the ring forging and the pallet, draw the ring forging and all the strips in contact with it in AutoCAD at a 1:1 scale. Then, use the area measurement command in the measurement tools of AutoCAD to directly measure S. 总 and S 失 The value.
[0029] y in step two max =0.5h, where h is the thickness of the target strip.
[0030] The moment of inertia I in step two z Calculate using the following formula.
[0031]
[0032] Where b is the width of the target strip and h is the thickness of the target strip.
[0033] The minimum value of the safety factor n1 in step three is 2.
[0034] When transporting ring forgings by road or rail, the acceleration a = lg in step A, where g is the acceleration due to gravity, and the minimum value of the safety factor n3 in step B is 2.
[0035] In step B, the number of packing tapes n2 in one direction is an even number.
[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Taking road or rail transport as an example, the minimum safety factor for packaging ring forgings with packing straps is taken as 2, and the acceleration a in each direction is 1g. By calculation, it is verified whether the pallet has sufficient working load limit to bear the weight of the ring forgings, and whether the packing straps can provide sufficient binding force to fix the ring forgings on the pallet to withstand the acceleration a encountered during transportation. This ensures the safety of the ring forging packaging and effectively prevents insufficient or excessive packaging of the ring forgings. In addition, it can save investment in testing equipment, avoid the problem of ring forging damage caused by destructive testing to verify the packaging firmness, and effectively protect the ring forgings. Attached Figure Description
[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tray of the present invention;
[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after two ring forgings are stacked on a pallet.
[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A bottom view.
[0040] In the diagram: 1-pallet, 10-slats, 11-support plate, 12-support block, 13-bottom support plate, 2-ring forging. Detailed Implementation
[0041] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.
[0042] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a safety verification method for packaging large ring forgings, including a pallet 1 safety verification method and a strapping safety verification method. The pallet 1 includes three support plates 11 and multiple strips 10. The three support plates 11 are arranged side by side at equal intervals, and the multiple strips 10 are installed side by side on the three support plates 11 at equal intervals. The strips 10 are perpendicular to the support plates 11, and the end faces of the strips 10 are flush with the side faces of the outer support plates 11. Figure 1 As shown, when in use, the pallet 1 also includes three bottom support plates 13. The three bottom support plates 13 are respectively connected to the ends and middle positions of the bottom surface of the three support plates 11 through the supports 12, and the three bottom support plates 13 are perpendicular to the three support plates 11.
[0043] The tray 1 security verification method includes the following steps:
[0044] Step 1: Based on the contact between the ring forging 2 and all the strips 10, determine the failure area and select the strip 10 where the failure area is located as the target strip 10 for safety verification.
[0045] Step 2: Calculate the maximum bending stress σ borne by the target strip 10 from the ring forging 2. max ,
[0046]
[0047] Among them, M max y represents the maximum bending moment borne by the target lath 10 from the ring forging 2. max I is the maximum distance from the failure area to the center of the cross-section of the target slat 10. z Let the moment of inertia of the target slat 10 be denoted as ;
[0048] Step 3, when σ max When n1≤[σ], the target slat 10 meets the safety requirements, where n1 is the safety factor and [σ] is the maximum bending stress of the target slat 10.
[0049] The packing tape security verification method includes the following steps:
[0050] Step A: Under the condition that the acceleration of the ring forging 2 is a in all directions, calculate the lateral force F exerted by the ring forging 2 on the packing strap in one direction. 横 ;
[0051] Step B: Calculate the number of packing straps n2 in one direction.
[0052]
[0053] Where n3 is the safety factor, F 抗 This refers to the tensile strength of a single packing strap.
[0054] In step one, the area with the largest contact area between the ring forging 2 and the strip 10 is selected as the failure area. During use, the pressure P applied by the ring forging 2 to the tray 1 is uniformly distributed. According to the formula F = PS, F is the pressure from the ring forging 2 on the strip 10 at a certain contact area A with the ring forging 2, and S is the area of the contact area A. Therefore, F is directly proportional to S. The area with the largest contact area between the ring forging 2 and the strip 10 is selected as the failure area, which is the failure hazard point.
[0055] The maximum bending moment M in step two max Perform the calculations using the following steps:
[0056] Step 1: Calculate the pressure F from the ring forging 2 on the failure area of the target strip 10 based on the weight of the ring forging 2.
[0057] Step 2: Calculate the maximum lever arm d from the failure area on the target slat 10 to the adjacent support plate 11. max ,
[0058]
[0059] Where L is the length of the target slat 10. max The actual value is 0.5 times the distance between two adjacent support plates 11, while 0.5 times the distance between two adjacent support plates 11 To simplify the calculation, we take...
[0060] Step 3, according to formula M max =Fd max The maximum bending moment M was calculated. max .
[0061] The pressure F in step 1 is calculated according to the following formula:
[0062]
[0063] Where G is the weight of ring forging 2, and S 总S represents the total contact area between the ring forging 2 and the strip 10. 失 The area of the failure region on the target strip 10. The pressure is evenly distributed after the ring forging 2 is placed on the tray 1.
[0064] The S 总 and S 失 The method for obtaining the area is as follows: After determining the relative position of the ring forging 2 and the pallet 1, draw the ring forging 2 and all the strips 10 in contact with the ring forging 2 in AutoCAD at a 1:1 scale. Then, use the area measurement command in the measurement tools of AutoCAD to directly measure S. 总 and S 失 The value. Using AutoCAD drafting tools, measure S. 总 and S 失 The numerical value eliminates the need to calculate S using calculus and other methods. 总 and S 失 This process greatly reduces the amount of computation work.
[0065] y in step two max =0.5h, where h is the thickness of the target strip 10.
[0066] The moment of inertia I in step two z Calculate using the following formula.
[0067]
[0068] Where b is the width of the target strip 10 and h is the thickness of the target strip 10.
[0069] The minimum value of the safety factor n1 in step three is 2.
[0070] When transporting the ring forging 2 by road or rail, the acceleration a = 1g in step A, where g is the acceleration due to gravity, and the minimum safety factor n3 in step B is 2. Taking road or rail transport as an example, the minimum safety factor for packaging the ring forging 2 with strapping is taken as 2, and the acceleration a in each direction is 1g. Calculations are used to verify whether the strapping can provide sufficient binding force to fix the ring forging 2 to the pallet 1 to withstand the acceleration a encountered during transportation.
[0071] In step B, the number of strapping tapes n2 in one direction is an even number. This is to ensure symmetrical binding of the ring forging 2 in all directions.
[0072] Example 1:
[0073] The verification scheme is as follows: Based on the weight of the ring forging 2 and the contact area of the pallet 1, the maximum stress area of the pallet 1, i.e. the dangerous failure area, is calculated. The force on the slat 10 in the dangerous failure area is calculated. The slat 10 in the dangerous failure area is checked and verified to be able to withstand these forces without damage or bending. The minimum safety factor is 2. For road and rail transportation, the acceleration in each direction is taken as 1g. Then the binding force is checked to see if it meets the fixing requirements.
[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, two ring forgings 2 are placed on tray 1. The contact area of the ring forgings 2 is uniformly stressed. For each strip 10, the larger the contact area with the ring forgings 2, the greater the stress on the strip 10. Using the measurement area command in AutoCAD, the contact areas were measured as S4 > S1 > S2 > S3, with the largest lever arm at S4, indicating the location of maximum stress. The total weight of the two packaged ring forgings 2 is 1112 kg; the unit pressure of the strip 10 is uniformly distributed at 16572.13 N / m. 2 The pressure at point S4 is 569.87 N.
[0075] Measure the dimensions of strip 10, and we get b = 0.26 m, h = 20 × 10. -3 m, y = 10 × 10 -3 m, and considering the material of slat 10, the maximum bending stress of slat 10 is found to be 20 MPa. Then, according to the formula... Calculations were performed to obtain the I of slat 10. Z =0.373×10 -6 m4,σ max =4.2MPa, taking a safety factor of 2, 2σ max <[σ]=20MPa
[0076] Therefore, 2σ max The stress is much lower than the maximum bending stress, ensuring that the pallet 1 supports or packs the ring forging 2 safely and securely.
[0077] Using 1608 (16mm × 0.8mm) plastic-steel strapping, with a tensile strength of 500kg, the lateral force on the strapping can be considered the same as the weight of the ring forging 2, which is 11120N, under an acceleration of 1g. A safety factor of 2 is adopted. The minimum number of plastic-steel strapping straps in each direction is 11120N × 2 / 5000N = 2.224, meaning that at least 3 straps must be tied to the ring forging 2 in each direction. To achieve symmetrical tying, 2 plastic-steel strapping straps are tied to each side of the ring forging 2 in each direction.
Claims
1. A method for safety verification of packaging for large ring forgings, characterized in that: The pallet (1) includes a safety verification method and a packing strap safety verification method. The pallet (1) includes three support plates (11) and multiple strips (10). The three support plates (11) are arranged side by side at equal intervals. The multiple strips (10) are arranged side by side at equal intervals on the three support plates (11). The strips (10) are perpendicular to the support plates (11), and the end faces of the two ends of the strips (10) are flush with the side of the support plate (11) located on the outside. The tray (1) security verification method includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the contact between the ring forging (2) and all the strips (10), determine the failure area and select the strip (10) where the failure area is located as the target strip (10) for safety verification. Step 2: Calculate the maximum bending stress borne by the target strip (10) from the ring forging (2). , ， in, The maximum bending moment borne by the target lath (10) from the ring forging (2) The maximum distance from the failure area to the center of the cross-section of the target slat (10) is given. Let the moment of inertia of the target lath (10) be denoted as . Step 3, when At that time, the target strip (10) meets the safety requirements for use, among which For safety reasons, The maximum bending stress of the target slat (10); The packing tape security verification method includes the following steps: Step A: The acceleration in all directions of the ring forging (2) is... Under the given conditions, calculate the transverse force exerted by the ring forging (2) on the packing strap in one direction. ; Step B: Calculate the number of packing straps in one direction. , ， in, For safety reasons, The tensile strength of a single packing strap; The maximum bending moment in step two Perform the calculations using the following steps: Step 1: Based on the weight of the ring forging (2), calculate the pressure from the ring forging (2) borne by the failure area on the target strip (10). ; Step 2: Calculate the maximum lever arm from the failure area on the target slat (10) to the adjacent support plate (11). , ， in, The length of the target slat (10); Step 3: According to the formula The maximum bending moment was calculated. ; The pressure in step 1 Calculate using the following formula: ， in, For the weight of the ring forging (2), The total contact area between the ring forging (2) and the strip (10) is... The area of the failure region on the target slat (10); The and The method of obtaining the area is as follows: After determining the relative position of the ring forging (2) and the pallet (1), draw the ring forging (2) and all the strips (10) in contact with the ring forging (2) in AutoCAD at a scale of 1:
1. Then, use the area measurement command in the measurement tools of AutoCAD to directly measure the area. and The value.
2. The method for verifying the safety of packaging large ring forgings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the area with the largest contact area between the ring forging (2) and the strip (10) is selected as the failure area.
3. The method for safety verification of large ring forging packaging as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step two , The thickness of the target strip (10).
4. The method for verifying the safety of packaging large ring forgings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The moment of inertia in step two Calculate using the following formula. ， in, The width of the target slat (10), The thickness of the target strip (10).
5. The method for safety verification of large ring forging packaging as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The safety factor in step three The minimum value is 2.
6. The method for verifying the safety of packaging large ring forgings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When transporting ring forgings (2) by road or rail, the acceleration in step A , For gravitational acceleration, the safety factor in step B is... The minimum value is 2.
7. The method for verifying the safety of packaging large ring forgings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of packing tapes in one direction in step B. It is an even number.