Device and Method for Full Life Cycle Evolution of Fractured Surrounding Rock

Abstract

This invention discloses a device and method for the full life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock. The device includes a support, a test platform, first flexible ropes, a similar model, and a pressurizing component. The test platform is hollow spherical and includes a top cover, a bottom cover, and multiple rings of pressure plates. The top cover is connected to the top of the support, and the bottom cover is connected to the bottom of the support. The multiple rings of pressure plates are distributed sequentially along the meridian direction of the test platform. There are multiple first flexible ropes, each corresponding to one of the multiple rings of pressure plates. The first flexible ropes are connected end to end and abut against the corresponding multiple pressure plates. The similar model is located inside the test platform and abuts against the multiple pressure plates. The pressurizing component is rotatably connected to the support. By using a hollow spherical test platform, this invention facilitates the pressurizing component to pressurize the test platform at multiple angles, more closely, comprehensively, and intuitively reflecting the stress characteristics, deformation trends, and stability characteristics of the surrounding rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics testing devices, and particularly relates to a device and method for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] Because fault zones are characterized by fractured rock masses with low self-supporting capacity, they are prone to collapses, support component fractures, and other disasters, which greatly impact the safe construction of tunnels. Therefore, studying the life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock is of great significance. Existing similar simulation devices typically apply pressure to the perimeter of the model, which cannot realistically, comprehensively, and intuitively reflect the stress characteristics, deformation trends, and stability features of the surrounding rock. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention propose a device for the full life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock. This device uses a hollow spherical test platform, which facilitates the pressurization components to pressurize the test platform at multiple angles, thus more realistically, comprehensively, and intuitively reflecting the stress characteristics, deformation trends, and stability features of the surrounding rock.

[0004] A second aspect of the present invention also proposes a method for the full life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a device for the full life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock, comprising a support, a test platform, a first flexible rope, a similar model, and a pressurization assembly. The test platform is hollow spherical and includes a top cover, a bottom cover, and a pressure plate. The top cover is connected to the support and located above the pressure plate, and the bottom cover is connected to the support and located below it. The pressure plate has multiple rings, which are sequentially distributed along the meridian direction of the test platform. Each ring of the pressure plate includes multiple pressure plates sequentially distributed along the parallel direction of the test platform. The top cover, the bottom cover, and the plurality of pressure plates form a hollow spherical test platform. At least a portion of the pressure plates are transparent. There are multiple first flexible ropes, each corresponding to a multiple loop of pressure plate. The first flexible ropes are connected end to end and abut against the corresponding plurality of pressure plates. The similar model is located inside the test platform and abuts against the plurality of pressure plates. The pressurizing component is connected to the support and is rotatable on the support with the diameter of the test platform as its center of rotation.

[0006] The fractured surrounding rock life cycle evolution device of this invention uses a hollow spherical test platform, which facilitates the pressurization components to pressurize the test platform at multiple angles. By setting at least part of the pressure plate as a transparent plate, it more closely, comprehensively and intuitively reflects the stress characteristics, deformation trends and stability characteristics of the surrounding rock.

[0007] In some embodiments, the fractured surrounding rock life cycle evolution device further includes a plurality of second flexible ropes, which are spaced apart along the latitudinal direction of the test platform. The upper end of the second flexible rope is detachably connected to the top cover, and the lower end of the second flexible rope is detachably connected to the bottom cover. The second flexible rope abuts against a plurality of pressure plates located on the same meridian.

[0008] In some embodiments, the test bench further includes a plurality of connectors, each of which corresponds to a plurality of pressure plates, and the connectors are connected to the corresponding pressure plates. Each connector has a first through groove and a second through groove. The first through groove passes through the connector along the weft direction of the test bench, and the second through groove passes through the connector along the warp direction of the test bench. A first flexible rope passes through the corresponding first through groove, and a second flexible rope passes through the corresponding second through groove.

[0009] In some embodiments, the connector includes a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is fixedly connected to the corresponding pressure plate, and the second component is detachably connected to the first component.

[0010] In some embodiments, the device for the full life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock further includes belt buckles, and there are multiple belt buckles, each belt buckle corresponding to one of the multiple first flexible ropes, with each belt buckle connected to one end of the corresponding first flexible rope.

[0011] In some embodiments, there are multiple pressurizing components, which are distributed at circumferential intervals along the support.

[0012] In some embodiments, the pressurization component includes:

[0013] A first cantilever beam is connected to the support and located above the test bench, and the first cantilever beam is rotatable on the support along the latitude direction of the test bench;

[0014] The second cantilever beam is connected to the support and located below the test bench, and the second cantilever beam is rotatable on the support along the latitude direction of the test bench;

[0015] An arc-shaped frame, the upper end of which is detachably connected to the first cantilever beam, and the lower end of which is detachably connected to the second cantilever beam;

[0016] At least one pressure cylinder is provided, which is detachably connected to the arc-shaped frame and located between the arc-shaped frame and the test bench, and the pressure cylinder is movable along the length of the arc-shaped frame.

[0017] The method for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock according to a second aspect of the present invention includes:

[0018] Provide a full life cycle evolution device for fractured surrounding rock as described in any of the above embodiments, determine the similarity ratio of the similar model according to the size of the test bench and calculate the corresponding surrounding rock layer thickness and strength ratio, lay it according to the calculation results, and bury internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and stress sensor at a set position to complete the laying of the similar model;

[0019] After the similar model has dried completely, white paint is sprayed onto the transparent pressure plate as a reference.

[0020] Install a video surveillance device and align it with the transparent pressure plate;

[0021] The loading direction and stress loading level are calculated according to the burial depth of the similar model and the measured in-situ stress data. The pressurizing component is moved to the corresponding position and the pressure is slowly and gradually applied to the calculated value until the pressure stabilizes at the calculated value.

[0022] The similar model was left to stand still for at least 24 hours to observe its life cycle evolution and to collect stress, strain, and image data.

[0023] The whole life cycle evolution method of fractured surrounding rock in this embodiment of the invention, by adopting the whole life cycle evolution device of fractured surrounding rock in the above embodiment, more closely, comprehensively and intuitively reflects the stress characteristics, deformation trend and stability characteristics of the surrounding rock and the stress situation of the surrounding rock.

[0024] In some embodiments, the step of laying out the similar model includes:

[0025] The bottom cover is connected to the bracket, and a first ring of the pressure plate is installed above the bottom cover, so that the lower end of the first ring of the pressure plate contacts the upper end of the bottom cover. Model material, the internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and the stress sensor are laid in the first ring of the pressure plate until the model material is flush with the upper end of the first ring of the pressure plate.

[0026] A second ring of the pressure plate is erected above the first ring of the pressure plate, so that the lower end of the second ring of the pressure plate contacts the upper end of the first ring of the pressure plate. Model material, the internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and the stress sensor are laid inside the second ring of the pressure plate until the model material is flush with the upper end of the second ring of the pressure plate.

[0027] Repeatedly install the pressure plate and lay the model material, the internal displacement monitoring optical fiber, and the stress sensor until the last ring of pressure plate is installed and the model material is laid.

[0028] The top cover is inverted, and model material, the internal displacement monitoring optical fiber, and the stress sensor are laid inside the top cover until the model material is flush with the top end of the top cover.

[0029] A baffle is attached to the top cover. The top cover is then positioned upright using a lifting tool. The top cover is moved close to the last ring of pressure plates and positioned directly above the last ring of pressure plates using the lifting tool. The baffle is removed, and the top cover is moved using the lifting tool until the lower end of the top cover contacts the upper end of the last ring of pressure plates, thus completing the laying of the similar model.

[0030] In some embodiments, when laying the similar model, hollow pipes are pre-embedded in the similar model to simulate a tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a front view of the fractured surrounding rock life cycle evolution device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the fractured surrounding rock life cycle evolution device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is an internal schematic diagram of the fractured surrounding rock life cycle evolution device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure plate and connector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure label:

[0036] Bracket 1;

[0037] Test bench 2; top cover 21; bottom cover 22; pressure plate 23; connector 24; first piece 241; second piece 242;

[0038] First flexible rope 3;

[0039] Pressurization assembly 4; first cantilever beam 41; second cantilever beam 42; arc frame 43; pressurization cylinder 44;

[0040] Second flexible rope 5;

[0041] 6. Belt buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0043] The following describes, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, a first aspect embodiment of the device for the full life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock according to the present invention.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the fractured surrounding rock full life cycle evolution device of the first aspect of the present invention includes a support 1 (only the connection part with the test bench 2 is shown in the figure), a test bench 2, a first flexible rope 3, a similar model (not shown), and a pressurization component 4. Wherein,

[0045] The test bench 2 is a hollow sphere. The test bench 2 includes a top cover 21, a bottom cover 22, and a pressure plate 23. The top cover 21 is connected to the support 1 and is located above the pressure plate 23. The bottom cover 22 is connected to the support 1 and is located below the support 1. The pressure plate 23 has multiple rings. The multiple rings of pressure plate 23 are distributed sequentially along the meridian direction of the test bench 2. Each ring of pressure plate 23 includes multiple pressure plates 23 distributed sequentially along the parallel direction of the test bench 2. The top cover 21, the bottom cover 22, and the multiple pressure plates 23 form a hollow sphere test bench 2. There are gaps between the pressure plates 23, between the pressure plates 23 and the top cover 21, and between the pressure plates 23 and the bottom cover 22, so that the pressure plates 23 can move slightly in the radial direction of the test bench 2. At least part of the pressure plates 23 are transparent plates to facilitate the observation of similar models.

[0046] There are multiple first flexible ropes 3, all located outside the test rig 2. Each first flexible rope 3 corresponds to a ring of pressure plates 23. The first flexible ropes 3 are connected end to end and abut against the corresponding ring of pressure plates 23, so that the first flexible ropes 3 bind the corresponding ring of pressure plates 23 (i.e., the first flexible ropes 3 radially bind the multiple pressure plates 23 located on the same latitude line), preventing the pressure plates 23 from moving away from the center of the test rig 2 along the radial direction and detaching. The similar model is located inside the test rig 2 and abuts against the multiple pressure plates 23 to prevent the pressure plates 23 from moving away from the center of the test rig 2 along the radial direction and detaching.

[0047] The pressurizing component 4 is connected to the bracket 1, and the pressurizing component 4 can rotate on the bracket 1 with the diameter of the test bench 2 as the rotation center, so that the pressurizing component 4 can rotate around the test bench 2 and face different pressure plates 23, and pressurize the pressure plates 23 facing, so as to achieve pressurization at multiple angles.

[0048] It should be noted that when setting up the test bench 2 and making the similar model, a ring of pressure plates 23 is placed and bound with the first flexible rope 3. Then, the similar model is laid down to be flush with the corresponding ring of pressure plates 23, so that the pressure plates 23 are kept in the current position under the binding of the first flexible rope 3 and the similar model. Then, the next ring of pressure plates 23 is laid down and the similar model is laid down until the laying of the similar model and the construction of the test bench 2 are completed.

[0049] The fractured surrounding rock life cycle evolution device of this invention uses a hollow spherical test platform 2, which facilitates the pressurizing component 4 to pressurize the test platform 2 at multiple angles. By setting at least part of the pressure plate 23 as a transparent plate, it more realistically, comprehensively and intuitively reflects the stress characteristics, deformation trend and stability characteristics of the surrounding rock.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the fractured surrounding rock life cycle evolution device also includes multiple second flexible ropes 5, which are distributed at intervals along the latitude direction of the test platform 2. The upper end of the second flexible rope 5 is detachably connected to the top cover 21, and the lower end of the second flexible rope 5 is detachably connected to the bottom cover 22. The second flexible rope 5 abuts against multiple pressure plates 23 located on the same meridian.

[0051] It should be noted that when constructing the lower test platform 2 and making the similar model, the lower ends of multiple second flexible ropes 5 are connected to the bottom cover 22, and the upper ends of multiple second flexible ropes 5 are connected to the top cover 21. The top cover 21 is then lifted using a crane. Subsequently, the first layer of pressure plate 23 is constructed and filled with similar model material. At this time, the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5 simultaneously bind the pressure plate 23. Since the first flexible rope 3 abuts against the pressure plate 23 located on the same latitude line, and the second flexible rope 5 abuts against the pressure plate 23 located on the same longitude line, the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5 form a cross mesh structure, which further improves the binding effect on the pressure plate 23 and prevents the pressure plate 23 from flipping when filling with similar model material.

[0052] Optionally, the first flexible rope 3 can be one of a steel rope, a chain, or a rope, and the second flexible rope 5 can be one of a steel rope, a chain, or a rope. For example, both the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5 can be ropes.

[0053] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, in some embodiments, the test bench 2 further includes multiple connectors 24, which correspond one-to-one with multiple pressure plates 23, and the connectors 24 are connected to the corresponding pressure plates 23. A first through groove and a second through groove are provided in the connectors 24. The first through groove passes through the connectors 24 along the weft direction of the test bench 2, and the second through groove passes through the connectors 24 along the warp direction of the test bench 2. A first flexible rope 3 passes through the corresponding first through groove, and a second flexible rope 5 passes through the corresponding second through groove.

[0054] It should be noted that, on the one hand, the connector 24 limits the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5 to prevent them from detaching from the pressure plate 23; on the other hand, after the pressurizing component 4 pressurizes the pressure plate 23 or the connector 24, the connector 24 drives the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5 to move radially toward the center of the test platform 2, thereby stretching the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5. At this time, the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5 compress the adjacent connector 24, avoiding stress concentration and transmitting the pressure more evenly to the similar model.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the connector 24 further includes a first piece 241 and a second piece 242. The first piece 241 is fixedly connected to the corresponding pressure plate 23, and the second piece 242 is detachably connected to the first piece 241.

[0056] Understandably, since the first piece 241 and the second piece 242 are detachably connected, before installing the pressure plate 23, the second piece 242 is removed from the first piece 241, and the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5 are passed through the first through groove and the second through groove of the connector 24. Then, the second piece 242 is connected to the first piece 241 so that the first piece 241 and the second piece 242 limit the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5, which facilitates the placement of the first flexible rope 3 and the second flexible rope 5.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the broken surrounding rock full life cycle evolution device also includes belt buckles 6. There are multiple belt buckles 6, and each belt buckle 6 corresponds to one of the multiple first flexible ropes 3. The belt buckle 6 is connected to one end of the corresponding first flexible rope 3.

[0058] Understandably, the buckle 6 facilitates the connection of the two ends of the first flexible rope 3 and can adjust the length of the first flexible rope 3 to a certain extent.

[0059] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, there are multiple pressurizing components 4, which are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the support 1.

[0060] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the pressurizing assembly 4 includes a first cantilever beam 41, a second cantilever beam 42, an arc frame 43, and at least one pressurizing cylinder 44. The first cantilever beam 41 is connected to the support 1 and located above the test bench 2, and the first cantilever beam 41 is rotatable on the support 1 along the latitude direction of the test bench 2. The second cantilever beam 42 is connected to the support 1 and located below the test bench 2, and the second cantilever beam 42 is rotatable on the support 1 along the latitude direction of the test bench 2. The upper end of the arc frame 43 is detachably connected to the first cantilever beam 41, and the lower end of the arc frame 43 is detachably connected to the second cantilever beam 42. The pressurizing cylinder 44 is detachably connected to the arc frame 43 and located between the arc frame 43 and the test bench 2, and the pressurizing cylinder 44 is movable along the length direction of the arc frame 43.

[0061] It should be noted that the first cantilever beam 41 and the second cantilever beam 42 support the arc frame 43 and drive the arc frame 43 to rotate around the vertical axis of the test platform 2. The pressure cylinder 44 can move along the length of the arc frame 43, so that the pressure cylinder 44 can move to the position of any pressure plate 23 and apply pressure to the pressure plate 23, realizing pressure application to the similar model at multiple angles.

[0062] The method for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock according to a second aspect of the present invention includes:

[0063] S1. Provide a full life cycle evolution device for fractured surrounding rock according to any of the above embodiments, determine the similarity ratio of the similar model according to the size of the test bench 2, calculate and determine the corresponding surrounding rock layer thickness and strength ratio, lay it according to the calculation results, and bury internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and stress sensor at the set position to complete the laying of the similar model.

[0064] S2. After the similar model has dried completely, spray white paint onto the transparent pressure plate 23 as a reference.

[0065] S3. Install a video surveillance device and align it with the transparent pressure plate 23.

[0066] S4. Calculate the loading direction and stress loading level according to the burial depth of the similar model and the measured ground stress data on site. Move the pressurizing component 4 to the corresponding position and slowly apply the pressure in stages to the calculated value until the pressure stabilizes at the calculated value.

[0067] S5. Allow similar models to stand still for at least 24 hours to observe their life cycle evolution and collect stress, strain, and image data.

[0068] The whole life cycle evolution method of fractured surrounding rock in this embodiment of the invention, by adopting the whole life cycle evolution device of fractured surrounding rock in the above embodiment, more closely, comprehensively and intuitively reflects the stress characteristics, deformation trend and stability characteristics of the surrounding rock and the stress situation of the surrounding rock.

[0069] In some embodiments, the step of laying out similar models includes:

[0070] Connect the bottom cover 22 to the bracket 1, and install the first ring of pressure plate 23 above the bottom cover 22, so that the lower end of the first ring of pressure plate 23 contacts the upper end of the bottom cover 22. Lay model material, internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and stress sensor inside the first ring of pressure plate 23 until the model material is flush with the upper end of the first ring of pressure plate 23.

[0071] A second ring of bearing plates 23 is erected above the first ring of bearing plates 23, so that the lower end of the second ring of bearing plates 23 contacts the upper end of the first ring of bearing plates 23. Model material, internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and stress sensor are laid in the second ring of bearing plates 23 until the model material is flush with the upper end of the second ring of bearing plates 23.

[0072] Repeatedly erect the pressure plate 23 and lay the model material, internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and stress sensor until the last ring of pressure plate 23 is erected and the model material is laid.

[0073] Invert the top cover 21 and lay model material, internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and stress sensor inside the top cover 21 until the model material is flush with the top of the top cover 21.

[0074] Connect the baffle to the top cover 21, use a lifting tool to position the top cover 21 upright, and use the lifting tool to move the top cover 21 close to the last ring of pressure plate 23 and directly above the last ring of pressure plate 23. Remove the baffle and use the lifting tool to move the top cover 21 until the lower end of the top cover 21 contacts the upper end of the last ring of pressure plate 23 to complete the laying of the similar model.

[0075] In some embodiments, when laying a similar model, hollow tubes are pre-embedded in the similar model to simulate a tunnel.

[0076] It is understandable that pre-embedding hollow tubes in a similar model to simulate a tunnel facilitates the formation of a tunnel within the similar model and allows for observation and recording of the impact of stress on the fractured surrounding rock on the tunnel.

[0077] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0078] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0079] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0080] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0081] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0082] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock, characterized in that, include: support; A test bench, the test bench being hollow spherical, comprising a top cover, a bottom cover, and a pressure plate, the top cover being connected to a support and located above the pressure plate, the bottom cover being connected to the support and located below the support, the pressure plate comprising multiple rings arranged sequentially along the meridian direction of the test bench, each ring comprising multiple pressure plates arranged sequentially along the parallel direction of the test bench, the top cover, the bottom cover, and the multiple pressure plates forming a hollow spherical test bench, at least a portion of the pressure plates being transparent; The first flexible rope, there are multiple first flexible ropes, and each of the multiple first flexible ropes corresponds to a multiple ring of pressure plate. The first flexible ropes are connected end to end and abut against the corresponding multiple pressure plates. A similar model is located within the test bench and abuts against the plurality of pressure plates; A pressurizing assembly is connected to the support, and the pressurizing assembly is rotatable on the support about the diameter of the test bench as the center of rotation; It includes multiple second flexible ropes, which are spaced apart along the weft direction of the test bench. The upper end of the second flexible rope is detachably connected to the top cover, and the lower end of the second flexible rope is detachably connected to the bottom cover. The second flexible rope abuts against multiple pressure plates located on the same warp. The test bench also includes multiple connectors, each of which corresponds to a pressure plate, and the connector is connected to the corresponding pressure plate. Each connector has a first through groove and a second through groove. The first through groove passes through the connector along the weft direction of the test bench, and the second through groove passes through the connector along the warp direction of the test bench. The first flexible rope passes through the corresponding first through groove, and the second flexible rope passes through the corresponding second through groove; The pressurization component includes: A first cantilever beam is connected to the support and located above the test bench, and the first cantilever beam is rotatable on the support along the latitude direction of the test bench; The second cantilever beam is connected to the support and located below the test bench, and the second cantilever beam is rotatable on the support along the latitude direction of the test bench; An arc-shaped frame, the upper end of which is detachably connected to the first cantilever beam, and the lower end of which is detachably connected to the second cantilever beam; At least one pressure cylinder is provided, which is detachably connected to the arc-shaped frame and located between the arc-shaped frame and the test bench, and the pressure cylinder is movable along the length of the arc-shaped frame.

2. The device for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connector includes a first component and a second component. The first component is fixedly connected to the corresponding pressure plate, and the second component is detachably connected to the first component.

3. The device for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes belt buckles, of which there are multiple belt buckles, and each belt buckle corresponds one-to-one with one of the first flexible ropes, with the belt buckle connected to one end of the corresponding first flexible rope.

4. The device for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple pressurizing components, which are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the support.

5. A method for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock, characterized in that, include: Provide a device for the full life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock as described in any one of claims 1-4, determine the similarity ratio of the similar model according to the size of the test bench and calculate the corresponding surrounding rock layer thickness and strength ratio, lay it according to the calculation results, and embed internal displacement monitoring optical fibers and stress sensors at set positions to complete the laying of the similar model; After the similar model has dried completely, white paint is sprayed onto the transparent pressure plate as a reference. Install a video surveillance device and align it with the transparent pressure plate; The loading direction and stress loading level are calculated according to the burial depth of the similar model and the measured in-situ stress data. The pressurizing component is moved to the corresponding position and the pressure is slowly and gradually applied to the calculated value until the pressure stabilizes at the calculated value. The similar model was left to stand still for at least 24 hours to observe its life cycle evolution and to collect stress, strain, and image data.

6. The method for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps for laying out the similar model include: The bottom cover is connected to the bracket, and a first ring of pressure plate is installed above the bottom cover, so that the lower end of the first ring of pressure plate contacts the upper end of the bottom cover. Model material, the internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and the stress sensor are laid in the first ring of pressure plate until the model material is flush with the upper end of the first ring of pressure plate. A second ring of bearing plates is erected above the first ring of bearing plates, so that the lower end of the second ring of bearing plates contacts the upper end of the first ring of bearing plates. Model material, the internal displacement monitoring optical fiber and the stress sensor are laid inside the second ring of bearing plates until the model material is flush with the upper end of the second ring of bearing plates. Repeatedly install the pressure plate and lay the model material, the internal displacement monitoring optical fiber, and the stress sensor until the last ring of pressure plate is installed and the model material is laid. The top cover is inverted, and model material, the internal displacement monitoring optical fiber, and the stress sensor are laid inside the top cover until the model material is flush with the top end of the top cover. A baffle is attached to the top cover. The top cover is then positioned upright using a lifting tool. The top cover is moved close to the last ring of pressure plates and positioned directly above the last ring of pressure plates using the lifting tool. The baffle is removed, and the top cover is moved using the lifting tool until the lower end of the top cover contacts the upper end of the last ring of pressure plates, thus completing the laying of the similar model.

7. The method for the whole life cycle evolution of fractured surrounding rock according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, When laying the similar model, hollow pipes are pre-embedded in the similar model to simulate the tunnel.

Images