A rail profiling array eddy current inspection sensor, an automatic inspection vehicle and an inspection method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of track profile array eddy current detection sensor, for detecting rail head tread and inner side, can be adaptive to the form of rail under different degree of wear and carry out detection, including shell, elastic spiderweb membrane and the eddy current detection component of being arranged on elastic spiderweb membrane.First shell portion and second shell portion rotatably connected and form the open shell of being foldable, the edge of elastic spiderweb membrane is fixedly connected in the opening edge of shell, is interwoven by several helical lines and several amplitude lines, and heavy back pad and elastic lifting rope are arranged on each interwoven point and can be followed by dynamic traction;Eddy current detection component includes several orthogonal eddy current detection lines and is arranged on interwoven point;When detecting, eddy current detection component realizes the three-dimensional follow-up of track tread and inner side under the action of shell pressure, elastic spiderweb membrane elasticity and the natural gravity of heavy back pad, can be accurately profiled to convex surface and concave surface of tread and inner side, improve detection sensitivity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic nondestructive testing, in particular to a track profiling array eddy current detection sensor, an automatic inspection vehicle with the detection sensor and a detection method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rail transportation is one of the transportation tools in modern society. The tread surface and inner side surface of the railway track are prone to wear and tear and cracks due to long-term work in the wild and the friction and impact of the wheels, which affects the safety of operation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the wear condition and take necessary grinding maintenance technology or even replace the entire track. In view of the above situation, how to evaluate the wear and tear and crack degree of the track, that is, to minimize the maintenance work and reduce the cost under the premise of ensuring safe operation, a reliable nondestructive testing technology is essential. Since the damage condition of the track cannot be accurately determined, when the eddy current method is used to detect the surface defects (at present, the eddy current method is considered to be the best method for detecting the track in use because it does not need coupling agent and has high detection speed and efficiency), in order to ensure the sensitivity and reliability of the detection, the distance between the sensor and the detected surface must be relatively constant. In this way, the irregular wear of the detected surface of the vulnerable part in reality will affect the effective implementation of the eddy current detection method. Based on this, the inventors have a lot of engineering detection practical experience, and improve the existing technology by optimizing various eddy current probe auxiliary devices to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a track profiling array eddy current detection sensor, which is implemented as follows:

[0004] A track profiling array eddy current detection sensor for crack detection of the tread surface and inner side surface of the rail head of the steel rail under different wear degrees, comprising:

[0005] A shell comprising a first shell part and a second shell part rotatably connected and forming a foldable open shell, the first shell part and the second shell part covering the tread surface and the inner side surface of the rail head of the steel rail respectively;

[0006] An elastic spiderweb-shaped membrane, the edges of which are fixed to the opening edges of the first shell part and the second shell part respectively and can be pulled synchronously, the elastic spiderweb-shaped membrane being interwoven by a plurality of spiral lines and a plurality of amplitude lines into a fine mesh, and an elastic pull rope being connected between the back of each interwoven point and the inner wall of the shell, and a heavy back pad being arranged at each interwoven point, the heavy back pad and the elastic pull rope causing the elastic spiderweb-shaped membrane to have a downward pressing property, and each interwoven point being a detection station, the detection stations being radially distributed from the center of the elastic spiderweb-shaped membrane, and the detection stations being capable of being combined in a triangular or trapezoidal manner;

[0007] The eddy current detection assembly comprises a plurality of orthogonal eddy current detection coils with different sizes, which are arranged on the detection station, and the diameters of the orthogonal eddy current detection coils gradually increase from the center of the elastic spiderweb-shaped film to the outside, and the detection ranges of the orthogonal eddy current detection coils in the same array can cover the triangular or trapezoidal area formed;

[0008] The eddy current detection assembly arranged on the detection station is elastically compressed by the elastic spiderweb-shaped film, and is self-adaptively attached to the rail head tread and the inner side surface under different degrees of wear.

[0009] As a further improvement, the elastic spiderweb-shaped film has a deformation activity cavity reserved in the first shell part and the second shell part, which is adapted to the steel rail with different degrees of wear.

[0010] As a further improvement, the opening edges of the first shell part and the second shell part are respectively provided with fixing ribs, the fixing ribs pull the elastic spiderweb-shaped film to be arranged in a slope shape at the opening of the shell, and the elastic spiderweb-shaped film is automatically conformally attached to the steel rail under the compression of the shell and the compression back pad during detection.

[0011] As a further improvement, the eddy current detection assembly is further provided with a wear-resistant protective layer.

[0012] As a further improvement, the first shell part and the second shell part are further provided with sliding wheels on the outer side walls, and the sliding wheels can slide on the tread and the inner side surface of the rail head.

[0013] As a further improvement, the first shell part and the second shell part are connected through a rotating shaft and are provided with a return torsional spring at the connection, which can finely adjust the bending angle of the first shell part and the second shell part to be self-adapted to the tread and the inner side surface of the rail head.

[0014] As a further improvement, the first shell part and the second shell part are provided with a press-clamping handle near the connection.

[0015] The application also discloses an automatic inspection vehicle with a rail profiling array eddy current detection sensor, which adopts the rail profiling array eddy current detection sensor as described in the claims for rapid detection.

[0016] Further, the application also discloses a rail profiling array eddy current detection method, which adopts the eddy current detection sensor as described in the claims to detect the cracks of the rail head tread and the inner side surface of the rail head under different degrees of wear, and the specific steps comprise:

[0017] a, detection sensor placement: the first shell part and the second shell part are unfolded to a bent shape close to the angle of the rail tread and the inner side surface by the pressure clamp handle, and are placed on the rail tread; the edge of the elastic spider web-shaped membrane is synchronously extended with the edge of the first shell part and the second shell part, and the elastic spider web-shaped membrane is pulled into a curved surface shape with the edge fixed and the middle part elastically movable by cooperating with the heavy back pad and the elastic lifting rope, and is automatically conformally attached to the rail; the eddy current detection assembly is elastically and tightly attached to the rail head tread and the inner side surface by the elastic spider web-shaped membrane;

[0018] b, self-adaptive follow-up attachment to the rail tread and the inner side surface under different degrees of wear: in the mobile scanning, the first shell part and the second shell part are slightly opened and closed under the action of the return torsion spring to adapt to the change of the bending angle between the rail tread and the inner side surface due to wear, the elastic spider web-shaped membrane deforms freely in the three-dimensional deformation cavity according to the shape of the rail, and always uniformly presses the eddy current detection assembly to attach to the rail under the action of the elasticity of the elastic spider web-shaped membrane and the heavy back pad, so that the pressure is kept constant;

[0019] c, crack detection by the eddy current detection assembly: orthogonal non-directional eddy current detection coils arranged on each interlacing point are used for detection, each orthogonal non-directional eddy current detection coil can realize multidimensional micro-motion under the elastic traction of the interlacing point, and is attached to the rail, the diameter of the orthogonal eddy current detection coil gradually increases from the middle part to the outer ring of the elastic spider web-shaped membrane, so that each variable array coil combination can cover the detection of the corresponding rail surface, and further, the arc angle part at the junction of the rail head tread and the inner side surface is lifted and compensated to obtain a detection signal.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application can obtain the following technical effects:

[0021] Firstly, the present application is provided with a bendable open shell, including a hinged first shell part and a second shell part, and a return torsion spring is arranged at the connection part of the two, which can self-adaptively adjust the bending angle, and when detection, the open shell can always closely cover the tread and the inner side surface of the rail, and can slightly adjust the angle of the tread and the inner side surface according to different wear conditions.

[0022] Secondly, the elastic spiderweb-shaped film is provided with spiral lines and amplitude lines intersecting to form a plurality of interlacing points, and an eddy current detection assembly is arranged at each interlacing point, and a heavy back pad is arranged at each interlacing point, and an elastic lifting rope is arranged between the back of each interlacing point and the inner wall of the shell, so that each interlacing point has a downward pressing property and is prevented from being pressed too much by the elastic lifting rope. The traditional spring structure needs to be fixed at one end and limited, and the detection assembly is arranged at the other end of the spring, which has certain limitations in the direction and range of elastic movement, and is generally only used for straight up or straight down elastic fitting. For the curved detection surface, it is obviously impossible to better fit the detection surface. Compared with the traditional spring elastic structure, the elastic pressing structure of the present application realizes three-dimensional follow-up fitting of the rail tread and the inner side surface, and can keep the pressure uniform and constant to press and fit the eddy current detection assembly on the steel rail.

[0023] Thirdly, the eddy current detection assembly of the present application includes a plurality of orthogonal eddy current detection coils of different sizes, and the diameter of the detection coil gradually increases from the center of the elastic spiderweb-shaped film outward, so that the detection range of the orthogonal eddy current detection coils in the same array can cover the formed triangular or trapezoidal area, fully covering the detection area and avoiding missed detection. The orthogonal non-directional eddy current detection coil is used for detection, which realizes excellent anti-lifting noise effect and realizes non-blind angle detection of 360° cracks, greatly improves the detection sensitivity of the sensor to workpieces with certain curved surface structure, and the multi-array eddy current detection improves the detection efficiency and can realize rapid inspection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art or the descriptions in the prior art, it is obvious that other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a steel rail structure.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the use state of the eddy current detection sensor of the present application.

[0027] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 Schematic diagram from another perspective.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structure exploded view of the eddy current detection sensor of the present application.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a structure schematic diagram of the shell of the eddy current detection sensor.

[0030] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the elastic spider-web membrane in the embodiment.

[0031] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the elastic spider-web membrane in the embodiment.

[0032] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the elastic spider-web membrane in the embodiment.

[0033] In the figure:

[0034] A-steel rail, A1-rail head tread, A2-rail head inner side;

[0035] B-eddy current detection sensor;

[0036] 10-housing, 11-first housing part, 12-second housing part, 13-opening edge, 14-deformation movable cavity, 15-rotation shaft, 16-return torsion spring, 17-pressing clamp handle;

[0037] 20-elastic spider-web membrane, 21-helical line, 22-warp line, 23-interlacing point, 24-weight back pad, 25-elastic lifting rope;

[0038] 30-eddy current detection assembly, 31-orthogonal eddy current detection coil;

[0039] 40-sliding wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application.

[0041] In the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second" are only used for description purpose, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0042] The steel rail is an important component of the railway track, used to guide the wheels of the locomotive and vehicle to advance, bear the huge pressure and wear of the wheels, and reference is made to the attached drawings. Figure 1The rail head tread and inner side surface of the track are prone to wear and crack, which affects the safety of railway operation. Therefore, regular inspection is essential. Due to different wear degrees, the radii of the junctions of the tread and the inner side surface are different. The traditional detection sensor is prone to lifting effect, resulting in missed detection. In order to solve the problem, the inventor designs a detection structure using a spring to pop the sensor against the detection surface. The detection on some small deformation structures has good practicality. However, due to the inherent characteristics of the spring, the pop range is limited, the adaptable range is small, and it is difficult to realize constant pressure. There are still deficiencies in the detection of the tread and the inner side surface of the rail head of the in-service rail. Based on this, the present application is based on a large amount of engineering detection experience. By optimizing various probe parameters and auxiliary devices, the following design is made, thereby better ensuring the effective nondestructive detection of the surface defects of the currently used track in China, and improving the safety factor of railway operation. The specific structure is as follows:

[0043] Reference drawings Figures 2-3 The rail profiling array eddy current detection sensor of the present application is used for detecting the rail head tread A1 and the rail head inner side surface A2 of the steel rail A, especially the form of the tread and the inner side surface under different wear degrees, and detecting the cracks of the parts. The eddy current detection sensor B comprises a shell 10, an elastic spider web membrane arranged at the opening of the shell, and a plurality of eddy current detection assemblies 30 arranged on the elastic spider web membrane.

[0044] The shell 10 comprises a first shell part 11 and a second shell part 12, which are rotatably connected with each other and form a foldable open shell. The first shell part 11 and the second shell part 12 respectively cover the rail head tread A1 and the rail head inner side surface A2 of the steel rail A.

[0045] Reference drawings Figure 8The elastic spider-web-like membrane 20 is fixed to the opening edges of the first shell part 11 and the second shell part 12 respectively, and is pulled and stretched into a plane shape when the included angle between the first shell part 11 and the second shell part 12 increases. The elastic spider-web-like membrane 20 is interwoven by a plurality of spiral lines 21 and a plurality of width lines 22 into a fine mesh, the elastic mesh has high freedom degree, and an elastic pulling rope 25 is arranged between the back of each interwoven point 23 and the inner wall of the shell. A heavy back pad 24 is arranged at each interwoven point, the heavy back pad 24 and the elastic pulling rope 25 make the elastic spider-web-like membrane 20 have a downward pressing property, and each interwoven point 23 is a detection station, the detection stations are radially distributed from the center of the elastic spider-web-like membrane 20, and the detection stations can be combined into a triangle or a trapezoid. Preferably, the triangle combination is adopted at the center of the elastic spider-web-like membrane 20, and the adjacent interwoven points are arranged in a trapezoidal shape from the second spiral line of the elastic spider-web-like membrane.

[0046] Reference is made to the accompanying drawings Figure 6 In the embodiment, the elastic spider-web-like membrane 20 is a profiled spider-web-like elastic mesh, and in other embodiments, the elastic spider-web-like membrane 20 can be composed of a plurality of profiled spider-web-like meshes.

[0047] The eddy current detection assembly 30 includes a plurality of orthogonal eddy current detection coils 31 arranged on the detection stations, and the sizes of the plurality of orthogonal eddy current detection coils 31 are different. Figure 8 Due to the structural characteristics of the elastic spider-web-like membrane 20, the diameters of the spiral lines 21 gradually increase from the center to the outside, the distances between the adjacent width lines 22 are far, and the distances between the adjacent interwoven points 23 also increase. In the embodiment, the diameters of the orthogonal eddy current detection coils 31 gradually increase from the center of the elastic spider-web-like membrane 20 to the outside, that is, d1 < d2 < d3 < d4, so that the detection ranges of the orthogonal eddy current detection coils 31 in the same array can cover the triangle or trapezoidal area formed, and the detection area is fully covered to avoid missing detection.

[0048] The orthogonal non-directional array eddy current sensor principle is adopted, the superior anti-lifting noise and the 360° walking crack detection without dead angle are realized, the lifting compensation ability of the detection is further improved, and the sensitivity and reliability of the detection are ensured. The operation is simple, the effective nondestructive detection of the track surface defects in the domestic railway is better ensured, and the railway operation safety is promoted.

[0049] Each spiral line 21 and each amplitude line 22 of the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20 is a wire with high elasticity, and the elastic range thereof is suitable for rails with different degrees of wear. Each interlacing point on the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20 can be automatically adhered downward under the action of gravity through the pressure back pad 24, and the pressure covering effect of the first shell part 11 and the second shell part 12 is combined, so that three-dimensional follow-up adhesion of the rail tread and the inner side surface is realized under the action of the pressure of the shell 10, the elasticity of the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20 and the natural gravity of the pressure back pad 24, and the convex surface and the concave surface of the tread and the inner side surface can be accurately profiled. Specifically, when the tread or the inner side surface is smooth or has a convex surface, the hardness of the rail itself supports the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20 to deform, and the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20 is follow-up adhered under the auxiliary lifting of the elastic lifting rope 25; when the tread or the inner side surface is rough or has a concave surface, the pressure back pad 24 on the interlacing point 23 is downwardly pressed and adhered to the rail surface, and the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20 is follow-up adhered. Therefore, the eddy current detection assembly 30 arranged on the detection station is elastically and tightly adhered to the rail head tread and the inner side surface under different degrees of wear by the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20.

[0050] Compared with the traditional spring elastic structure, the spring structure needs to be fixed at one end and limited, and has certain limitations in the direction and range of elastic movement, and is generally only used for straight upward or downward elastic profiling, and has good detection effect on some planar detection workpieces, but in the case of workpieces with arc surfaces or high degrees of deformation, the spring elastic detection assembly may be unable to adhere, resulting in serious lifting or excessive adhesion of the workpiece and the detection assembly.

[0051] The structure of the present application realizes that the eddy current detection assembly can always be adhered to the key part of the detected rail under constant pressure in the case of different degrees of wear of the rail tread and the inner side surface, reduces the influence of the lifting effect, and also avoids the influence of excessive adhesion.

[0052] Further improvement, the first shell part 11 and the second shell part 12 reserve a deformation activity cavity 14 of the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20. The deformation activity cavity 14 gives way to the deformed rail A, so that the deformation degree of freedom of the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20 is higher, and the excessive adhesion of the elastic spiderweb-shaped film 20 and the rail A caused by the small deformation space is further avoided, so that the second wear of the eddy current detection sensor B and the rail A is avoided. At the same time, the cavity in the shell can also accommodate detection lines and other circuit components, and the structure of the designed line arrangement protects the detection lines and other circuit components.

[0053] In this embodiment, the opening edges of the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 are respectively provided with fixing ribs. The fixing ribs pull the elastic spider web membrane 20 into a planar shape and set it at the opening of the shell. During testing, the elastic spider web membrane 20 automatically conforms to the rail under the pressing action of the shell 10 and the counterweight back pad 24.

[0054] Furthermore, the eddy current detection component 30 is provided with a wear-resistant protective layer on its exterior. When used in conjunction with pulleys or inspection vehicles for rapid sliding detection, the detection sensor of this invention has better adhesion to the rail compared to other contact-type detection sensors. During rapid detection, the wear-resistant protective layer can protect the eddy current detection component from wear and tear, increasing the service life of the detection sensor.

[0055] For further improvements, please refer to the appendix. Figure 2 Appendix Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 The outer walls of the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 are also provided with sliding wheels. The sliding wheels can roll on the tread and inner side of the rail head. The sliding wheels are provided to assist the movement of the detection sensor and improve the detection efficiency.

[0056] In a further improvement, the first shell portion 11 and the second shell portion 12 are connected by a rotating shaft 15, and a return torsion spring 16 is provided at the connection point. The return torsion spring 16 can finely adjust the bending angle of the first shell portion 11 and the second shell portion 12 to adapt to the rail head tread surface A1 and the inner side surface A2 of the rail head. A clamping handle 17 is provided near the connection point of the first shell portion 11 and the second shell portion 12. The clamping handle 17 includes a symmetrical first handle and a second handle, respectively disposed on the first shell portion 11 and the second shell portion 12. The clamping handle 17, in conjunction with the rotating shaft 15 and the return torsion spring 16, can adjust the opening and closing of the first shell portion 11 and the second shell portion 12. In other embodiments, the handle can also be a long rod or other structures. In an automated inspection vehicle, other mechanical structures can be used to replace the handle to control the opening and closing of the first shell portion 11 and the second shell portion 12.

[0057] The present invention also discloses an automatic inspection vehicle equipped with a track contour array eddy current detection sensor. The inspection vehicle can perform both single-track and double-track inspections. The lower end of the inspection vehicle is equipped with the track contour array eddy current detection sensor as described above. When the inspection vehicle moves automatically on the railway track, the track contour array eddy current detection sensor contacts the rail head tread and inner side and performs rapid detection.

[0058] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a track contour array eddy current detection method, which uses the eddy current detection sensor described above to detect cracks on the rail head tread and inner surface of the rail head under different wear levels. Specific steps include:

[0059] a, detection sensor placement: the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 are unfolded to a bent shape close to the angle of the rail tread and the inner side surface by the clamp handle 17, and are placed on the rail tread; the edges of the elastic spiderweb membrane 20 are synchronously extended with the edges of the first shell 11 and the second shell 12, and the elastic spiderweb membrane 20 is pulled into a curved shape with fixed edges and a movable middle part by the heavy back pad 24 and the elastic lifting rope 25, and is automatically conformally attached to the rail; the eddy current detection assembly 30 is tightly attached to the rail head tread and the inner side surface by the elastic spiderweb membrane 20;

[0060] b, self-adaptive follow-up attachment to the rail tread and the inner side surface under different degrees of wear: in the moving scanning, the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 are slightly opened and closed under the action of the return torsion spring 16 to adapt to the change in the bending angle between the rail tread and the inner side surface due to wear, the elastic spiderweb membrane 20 deforms freely in the three-dimensional deformation cavity 14 and always uniformly covers the eddy current detection assembly 30 to attach to the rail under the action of the elasticity of the elastic spiderweb membrane 20 and the heavy back pad 24, keeping the pressure constant;

[0061] c, crack detection by the eddy current detection assembly: the orthogonal eddy current detection coils 31 arranged on each interlacing point 23 are used for detection, each orthogonal eddy current detection coil 31 can realize multidimensional micro-motion under the elastic traction of the interlacing point 23 to attach to the rail, the diameter of the orthogonal eddy current detection coil 31 gradually increases from the middle part to the outer ring of the elastic spiderweb membrane 20, ensuring that each variable array coil combination can cover the detection of the corresponding rail surface, and further compensating for the lifting at the radian part where the rail head tread and the inner side surface meet to obtain the detection signal.

[0062] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A track profiling array eddy current inspection sensor for crack detection of rail head tread and rail head inside surfaces at different levels of wear, characterized by, It comprises: a shell comprising a first shell part and a second shell part rotatably connected and forming a foldable open shell, the first shell part and the second shell part covering the tread surface and the inner side surface of the rail head respectively; a flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane, the edges of which are fixed to the opening edges of the first shell part and the second shell part respectively and can be pulled along, the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane being interwoven by a plurality of spiral lines and a plurality of amplitude lines into a fine mesh, and an elastic pull rope being connected between the back of each interwoven point and the inner wall of the shell, and each interwoven point being provided with a heavy back pad, the heavy back pad and the elastic pull rope making the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane have a downward pressing nature, and each interwoven point being a detection station, the detection stations being radially distributed from the center of the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane, and the detection stations being capable of triangular or trapezoidal combination arraying; an eddy current detection assembly comprising a plurality of orthogonal eddy current detection coils of different sizes, the orthogonal eddy current detection coils being arranged on the detection stations, the diameters of the orthogonal eddy current detection coils gradually increasing from the center of the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane outward, and the detection ranges of the orthogonal eddy current detection coils in the same array being capable of covering the triangular or trapezoidal area formed. The eddy current detection assembly arranged on the detection stations is elastically pressed by the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane and self-adaptively attached to the rail head tread surface and the inner side surface under different degrees of wear.

2. An array eddy current inspection sensor for profiling a rail according to claim 1, wherein, The elastic range of the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane is adapted to rails of different degrees of wear, and the first shell part and the second shell part reserve deformation activity cavities for the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane.

3. An array eddy current inspection sensor for profiling a rail according to claim 2, wherein, The opening edges of the first shell part and the second shell part are respectively provided with fixed ribs, the fixed ribs pull the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane into a slope shape at the opening of the shell, and the flexible spiderweb-shaped membrane automatically conforms to the rail under the pressing action of the shell and the heavy back pad during detection. The outside of the eddy current detection assembly is further provided with a wear-resistant protective layer.

4. An array eddy current inspection sensor for profiling a rail according to claim 1, wherein, The outer side walls of the first shell part and the second shell part are further provided with sliding wheels, the sliding wheels being capable of sliding on the tread surface and the inner side surface of the rail head.

5. An array eddy current inspection sensor for profiling a rail according to claim 1, wherein, The first shell part and the second shell part are connected by a rotating shaft and are provided with a return torsional spring at the connection, the return torsional spring being used to finely adjust the folding angle of the first shell part and the second shell part to be self-adapted to the tread surface and the inner side surface of the rail head.

6. An array eddy current inspection sensor for profiling a rail according to claim 1, wherein, The first shell part and the second shell part are provided with a press-clamped handle near the connection.

7. An array eddy current inspection sensor for profiling a rail according to claim 5, wherein, The rail profiling array eddy current detection sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted.

8. An automated guided vehicle with a track profile array eddy current inspection sensor, characterized in that, The rail head tread surface and the inner side surface of the rail head under different degrees of wear are detected by the eddy current detection sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the specific steps comprise:

9. A method of rail profiling array eddy current inspection, characterized by, ​ a, detection sensor placement: the first shell and the second shell are unfolded to a bent shape similar to the angle of the rail tread and the inner side surface by the pressure clamp handle, and are placed on the rail tread; the edge of the elastic spider web-shaped membrane is synchronously extended with the edge of the first shell and the second shell, and the elastic spider web-shaped membrane is pulled into a curved surface shape with the edge fixed and the middle part elastic by cooperating with the heavy back pad and the elastic lifting rope, and is automatically conformal to the rail; the eddy current detection assembly is elastically pressed and tightly fitted to the rail head tread and the inner side surface by the elastic spider web-shaped membrane; b, self-adaptive follow-up fitting of the rail tread and the inner side surface under different degrees of wear: in the moving scanning, the first shell and the second shell are slightly opened and closed under the action of the return torsion spring to adapt to the change of the bending angle between the rail tread and the inner side surface due to wear, the elastic spider web-shaped membrane freely deforms with the rail form in the three-dimensional deformation cavity and always uniformly presses and covers the eddy current detection assembly to fit the rail under the action of the elasticity of the elastic spider web-shaped membrane and the heavy back pad, keeping the pressure constant; c, crack detection by the eddy current detection assembly: orthogonal non-directional eddy current detection coils are arranged on each interlacing point for detection, each orthogonal non-directional eddy current detection coil realizes multidimensional micro-motion under the elastic traction of the interlacing point, fits the rail, the diameter of the orthogonal eddy current detection coil gradually increases from the middle part to the outer ring of the elastic spider web-shaped membrane, ensuring that each variable array coil combination can cover the detection of the corresponding rail surface, and compensating for the lifting at the radian angle part of the rail head tread and the inner side surface, obtaining the detection signal.

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