Ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes and its application

Abstract

The present application relates to an ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes, comprising a base layer, an intermediate layer sprayed on the base layer, and a surface layer sprayed on the intermediate layer. The ecological concrete mainly comprises planting soil, organic materials for habitat substrates, cement, water-retaining agents, soil activators, pH regulators, plant seeds, and water. The solution provided in the present application effectively improves the germination rate and survival rate of plant seeds, and can ultimately achieve a vegetation coverage rate of more than 95%, thereby achieving effective vegetation coverage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of slope ecological protection, and in particular to an ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes and its application. Background Art

[0002] In my country, red beds primarily refer to terrestrial clastic rocks of lacustrine, fluvial, fluviolacustrine, or piedmont alluvial facies dating back to the Mesozoic Era, namely the Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic Paleogene. These rocks often occur as interbedded layers and are primarily red in color. Red beds are primarily found in Southwest, South, Southeast, and Northwest my country, with only sporadic occurrences elsewhere. Red beds have distinct properties from other strata, making them prone to landslides and other geological hazards. Excavation of red bed rock slopes poses significant risks for rock collapse and landslides. Therefore, the protection of red bed rock slopes is crucial.

[0003] Traditional slope protection methods include manual compaction of cement mortar, concrete spraying for slope protection, and concrete grouting. Problems include: temperature differences between the inside and outside of the concrete during hot and cold periods lead to different degrees of shrinkage and expansion, which can easily cause cracking, weathering, and corrosion; damage to the slope's ecological environment, and barrenness of the slope surface. In response to the above-mentioned problems, a series of ecological slope protection methods have been developed, a typical example of which is the vegetation concrete ecological repair method. This method overcomes the shortcomings of traditional slope protection and can not only achieve ecological restoration of the slope surface, but also strengthen the slope surface. However, for horizontal red rock slopes, the existing vegetation concrete ecological protection method has the problem that vegetation on the horizontal red rock slope cannot grow or has a low vegetation coverage rate.

[0004] Therefore, how to increase the vegetation coverage rate when carrying out ecological restoration on horizontal red bed rock slopes has always been a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve or partially solve the problems existing in the relevant technology, one of the purposes of this application is to provide an ecological concrete for the ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes. The ecological concrete is specially used for the ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes and can effectively improve the vegetation coverage rate.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides an ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes, comprising a base layer, an intermediate layer sprayed on the base layer, and a surface layer sprayed on the intermediate layer;

[0007] The base layer is mainly composed of the following components: planting soil, habitat base organic material, cement, water retaining agent, soil activator, pH regulator and water, and 1m 3The planting soil is equipped with 0.1-0.3 m 3 Habitat substrate organic material, 48-52kg cement, 1.9-2.1kg water retaining agent, 20-30g soil activator, 1.9-2.1kg pH regulator and 200-220kg water;

[0008] The middle layer is mainly composed of the following components: planting soil, habitat base organic material, cement, water retaining agent, soil activator, pH regulator, plant seeds and water, and 1m 3 The planting soil is equipped with 0.1-0.3 m 3 Habitat substrate organic material, 48-52kg cement, 1.9-2.1kg water retaining agent, 20-30g soil activator, 2kg pH regulator, 1.9-2.1kg plant seeds and 185-195kg water;

[0009] The surface layer is mainly composed of the following components: planting soil, cement, water retaining agent, pH regulator, plant seeds and water, and 1m 3 The planting soil is prepared with 24-26 kg of cement, 1.9-2.1 kg of water-retaining agent, 1.9-2.1 kg of pH regulator, 2.9-3.1 kg of plant seeds and 148-152 kg of water.

[0010] Optionally, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the base layer 1m 3 The planting soil was equipped with 0.1 m 3 of organic habitat substrate, 50kg cement, 2kg water retaining agent, 25g soil activator, 2kg pH regulator and 215kg water;

[0011] The middle layer 1m 3 The planting soil was equipped with 0.1 m 3 Habitat substrate organic material, 50kg cement, 2kg water retaining agent, 25g soil activator, 2kg pH regulator, 2kg plant seeds and 190kg water;

[0012] The surface layer 1m 3 The planting soil is prepared with 25 kg of cement, 2 kg of water-retaining agent, 2 kg of pH regulator, 3 kg of plant seeds and 150 kg of water.

[0013] Optionally, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the habitat substrate organic material is sheep manure organic fertilizer.

[0014] Optionally, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the pH adjuster is potassium phosphate and calcium persulfate, and the mass ratio of potassium phosphate to calcium persulfate is 1:1.

[0015] Optionally, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the plant seeds are grass seeds and / or shrub seeds.

[0016] Optionally, in some embodiments of the first aspect,

[0017] Another object of the present application is to provide an application of the above-mentioned ecological concrete in the ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes. That is, the above-mentioned ecological concrete is used in the ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes.

[0018] Specifically, when the above-mentioned ecological concrete is used for operation, the following steps are specifically included:

[0019] (1) After the horizontal red rock slope is excavated, the slope surface is leveled;

[0020] (2) Install anchor rods and hanging nets according to the design blueprint;

[0021] (3) Embedded reinforcement bars of the same length as the designed concrete thickness are used as spraying thickness control marks to control the spraying thickness;

[0022] (4) Infiltration treatment of the slope;

[0023] (5) Spray the prepared ecological concrete. First spray the base layer, then the middle layer, and finally the surface layer. The interval between each layer spraying is 1.5-3 hours.

[0024] (6) After the ecological concrete is sprayed, maintenance management is carried out.

[0025] The technical solution provided by this application may have the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The ecological concrete in this application includes a base layer, an intermediate layer is sprayed on the base layer, and a surface layer is sprayed on the intermediate layer. The base layer, the intermediate layer and the surface layer are respectively configured with specific components, which effectively improves the germination rate and survival rate of plant seeds, and can ultimately achieve a vegetation coverage rate of more than 95%, realizing effective vegetation coverage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the use of an integrated mixing-spraying mechanical device to mix ecological concrete in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the slope after leveling and netting in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of some vegetation growing 20 days after spraying ecological concrete on the slope in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of vegetation growth 60 days after spraying ecological concrete on the slope in Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following describes embodiments of the present application in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0033] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Eco-concrete was used for ecological restoration in the permanent slope support project of the Phase III section of the Tingzikou Irrigation District in a certain area. The area is a typical horizontal red bed rock distribution area. The specific operations include the following:

[0036] 1. After the slope is excavated, first take good soil and store it. Use a soil crusher to crush the obtained good soil into particles of 2.5mm to 4mm and store it in the semi-finished product yard as planting soil.

[0037] 2. Clear away loose objects such as loose stones, loose soil, and floating roots on the slopes, and fill in larger sunken slopes to make them smooth.

[0038] The specific proportions of the ecological concrete in this embodiment are shown in the following table:

[0039] Specific proportions of ecological concrete in Example 1

[0040]

[0041] According to the above ratio, at the construction site Figure 1 The mixing method shown is a mixing-spraying integrated machine, and the mixing should be uniform. When adding materials, the planting soil should be added first, followed by the organic material of the habitat substrate, cement, habitat substrate improver, water, pH regulator, and finally the seeds. The single mixing time should be controlled within 3 minutes to 5 minutes.

[0042] 3. The slope surface to be sprayed should be soaked and kept moist for a period of 48 hours or longer. Eco-concrete spraying should be carried out within 3 hours after the slope surface is soaked.

[0043] 4. Before spraying concrete, embed steel bars of the same length as the designed concrete thickness to control the spraying thickness.

[0044] 5. For ecological concrete spraying, the sprayed concrete should be evenly sprayed in zones, blocks and layers along a certain direction.

[0045] 6. Set anchors and hanging nets in ecological concrete, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the vegetation concrete is fixed on the slope surface; the construction should first lay the hanging net, then install the anchor nails, and finally fix and tie it.

[0046] 7. After the ecological concrete spraying construction is completed, 60 days of seedling maintenance management will be carried out.

[0047] The maintenance and management work during the seedling stage includes slope covering, irrigation, pest and disease control, seedling replanting, and local defect repair.

[0048] 1) Slope covering shall comply with the following provisions:

[0049] ① Covering materials can be non-woven fabrics, sunshade nets, etc., and in winter they can also be straw, straw mats, etc. Slope covering should be carried out within 2 hours after the surface layer is sprayed and planted.

[0050] ② The covering material should be laid firmly and in close contact with the slope surface.

[0051] ③ Within 4 hours after the slope spraying construction, if there is heavy rainfall, plastic film or green geotextile should be added.

[0052] 2) The slope should be inspected once a day. The inspection content should include the moisture of slope vegetation, plant seed germination or seedling survival, pests and diseases, and the stability of vegetation concrete.

[0053] 3) Pest and disease control should comply with the following regulations:

[0054] ① Pest and disease inspections should be strengthened, and preventive measures should be taken promptly when pests and diseases are discovered.

[0055] ② It is advisable to combine biological measures, physical measures and chemical measures to prevent and control the diseases and insect pests according to their epidemic situation.

[0056] ③ Chemical control should use highly effective, low-toxic, and relatively safe pesticides for natural enemies, and the pesticides should be used strictly in accordance with the instructions.

[0057] 4) When seedlings are found to be dead, they should be replanted in time.

[0058] 5) Local defect repairs should comply with the following regulations:

[0059] ① When bald spots or falling off of vegetation concrete are found, the cause should be identified, the hidden dangers should be eliminated, and repairs should be made in a timely manner.

[0060] ② When the area of ​​local defects is small, artificial replanting or transplanting of seedlings can be done.

[0061] ③ When the local defect area is large, the scum in the corresponding part should be removed first, and then sprayed a second time.

[0062] 6) Growth period

[0063] ① After the seedling stage maintenance and management is completed, the growth stage maintenance and management should be carried out for no less than 240 days. In special circumstances, the growth stage maintenance and management time may be appropriately extended.

[0064] ② Maintenance and management work during the growing period should include irrigation, pest and disease control, seedling replanting, and local defect repair.

[0065] ③ The slope should be inspected once every two weeks. The inspection content should include slope vegetation moisture, plant growth, pests and diseases, and stability of vegetation concrete.

[0066] The results of Example 1 are as follows Figure 3 As shown in , some vegetation grew out 20 days after spraying ecological concrete on the slope; Figure 4 As shown in the figure, after 60 days of spraying ecological concrete on the slope, vegetation grew out. Figure 4 It can be seen from the figure that the slope is basically completely covered by vegetation, with a good coverage rate of 99%.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Regarding another permanent slope support project in a certain place, the area is also a typical horizontal red bed rock distribution area.

[0069] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the specific proportion of the ecological concrete in Example 2 is shown in the table below, and the rest are the same.

[0070] Specific proportions of ecological concrete in Example 2

[0071]

[0072] Statistics show that the vegetation coverage rate two months after the use of this ecological concrete for slope support ecological restoration was 96%.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] Regarding another permanent slope support project in a certain place, the area is also a typical horizontal red bed rock distribution area.

[0075] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the specific proportion of the ecological concrete in Example 3 is shown in the table below, and the rest are the same.

[0076] Specific proportions of ecological concrete in Example 3

[0077]

[0078] Statistics show that the vegetation coverage rate two months after the use of this ecological concrete for slope support ecological restoration was 97%.

[0079] The embodiments of the present application have been described above. The above description is illustrative and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes, characterized by: The method comprises a base layer, an intermediate layer is mounted on the base layer by spraying, and a surface layer is mounted on the intermediate layer by spraying; The base layer is mainly composed of the following components: planting soil, habitat base organic material, cement, water retaining agent, soil activator, pH regulator and water, and 1m 3 The planting soil is equipped with 0.1-0.3 m 3 Habitat substrate organic material, 48-52kg cement, 1.9-2.1kg water retaining agent, 20-30g soil activator, 1.9-2.1kg pH regulator and 200-220kg water; The middle layer is mainly composed of the following components: planting soil, habitat base organic material, cement, water retaining agent, soil activator, pH regulator, plant seeds and water, and 1m 3 The planting soil is equipped with 0.1-0.3 m 3 Habitat substrate organic material, 48-52kg cement, 1.9-2.1kg water retaining agent, 20-30g soil activator, 2kg pH regulator, 1.9-2.1kg plant seeds and 185-195kg water; The surface layer is mainly composed of the following components: planting soil, cement, water retaining agent, pH regulator, plant seeds and water, and 1m 3 The planting soil is prepared with 24-26 kg of cement, 1.9-2.1 kg of water-retaining agent, 1.9-2.1 kg of pH regulator, 2.9-3.1 kg of plant seeds and 148-152 kg of water.

2. The ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base layer 1m 3 The planting soil was equipped with 0.1 m 3 of organic habitat substrate, 50kg cement, 2kg water retaining agent, 25g soil activator, 2kg pH regulator and 215kg water; The middle layer 1m 3 The planting soil was equipped with 0.1 m 3 Habitat substrate organic material, 50kg cement, 2kg water retaining agent, 25g soil activator, 2kg pH regulator, 2kg plant seeds and 190kg water; The surface layer 1m 3 The planting soil is prepared with 25 kg of cement, 2 kg of water-retaining agent, 2 kg of pH regulator, 3 kg of plant seeds and 150 kg of water.

3. The ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The organic material of the habitat substrate is sheep manure organic fertilizer.

4. The ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pH regulator is potassium phosphate and calcium persulfate, and the mass ratio of potassium phosphate to calcium persulfate is 1:

1.

5. The ecological concrete for ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The plant seeds are grass seeds and / or shrub seeds.

6. Use of the ecological concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the ecological restoration of horizontal red bed rock slopes.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) After the horizontal red rock slope is excavated, the slope surface is leveled; (2) Install anchor rods and hanging nets according to the design blueprint; (3) Embedded reinforcement bars of the same length as the designed concrete thickness are used as spraying thickness control marks to control the spraying thickness; (4) Infiltration treatment of the slope; (5) Spray the prepared ecological concrete. First spray the base layer, then the middle layer, and finally the surface layer. The interval between each layer spraying is 1-2 hours. (6) After the concrete spraying is completed, maintenance management is carried out.

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