A V-band six-way waveguide power combiner
By designing a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner and combining and cascading a branched waveguide three-channel power divider and a coplanar magic T, the problems of insufficient output power and excessive number of chips in the existing technology are solved. This achieves low-loss, wide-bandwidth and high-isolation non-binary power combining, improving the overall performance and reducing the cost.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- THE 54TH RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHINA ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY GROUP CORPORATION
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
Smart Images
Figure CN117810666B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of satellite communications, C, Ku, and Ka band resources are becoming increasingly scarce, and satellite communications are gradually expanding to higher frequency bands. The Q / V band has become a research hotspot in the field of satellite communications. Q / V band satellite communications have advantages such as large communication capacity, high transmission rate, and good beam directionality.
[0003] The output power of a single solid-state power amplifier chip in the V-band is limited; therefore, power combining is necessary to achieve high power output. Currently, power combiners mostly employ multi-stage binary (2T) power combiners. n Power combining is implemented using a multi-stage binary power combining method. However, in practical engineering applications, the multi-stage binary power combining method has the following shortcomings: It uses four (2) channels... 2 The combined output power is insufficient; an eight-channel (2) power supply is used. 3 While the synthesized output power margin is relatively large, doubling the number of chips leads to increased power consumption and higher overall cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a V-band non-binary power combiner to achieve a reasonable selection of the number of power amplifier chips and improve the overall performance-to-power ratio. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention proposes a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner that achieves non-binary power combining and features low insertion loss, wide bandwidth, and good isolation.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0006] A V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner includes a shielded box body. From left to right, the shielded box body is provided with a direct input port, a branch waveguide three-channel power divider 3, an input waveguide cavity, an input coplanar magic T5, a waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure 6, an output coplanar magic T7, an output waveguide cavity, a branch waveguide three-channel power combiner 4, and a direct output port.
[0007] The direct input port is connected to the input port of the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3. The three output ports of the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3 are respectively connected to one input waveguide cavity. The rightmost end of each input waveguide cavity is connected to an input coplanar magic T5. Each input coplanar magic T5 has an output coplanar magic T7 that is symmetrical to its left and right. Each pair of symmetrical input coplanar magic T5 and output coplanar magic T7 are connected through two waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structures 6. Each output coplanar magic T7 is connected to one output waveguide cavity. The rightmost end of each output waveguide cavity is connected to one input port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4. The output port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4 is connected to the direct output port.
[0008] Furthermore, the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3 includes one input port and three output ports, and the waveguide cavity between the input port and the output port is provided with two rows of five-branch coupled input arrays; the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4 includes three input ports and one output port, and the waveguide cavity between the input port and the output port is provided with two rows of five-branch coupled output arrays.
[0009] Furthermore, both the input coplanar magic T5 and the output coplanar magic T7 include an ET junction waveguide cavity 10 and two equally branched waveguide cavities 12, as well as a microstrip probe 11. One end of the microstrip probe 11 is inserted into the ET junction waveguide cavity 10, and the other end is connected to a power resistor load 8. The equally branched waveguide cavity 12 has a three-stage stepped gradient structure. The connection between the equally branched waveguide cavity 12 and the ET junction waveguide cavity 10 is a half-size standard rectangular waveguide port. The end port of the equally branched waveguide cavity 12 is a standard rectangular waveguide port and is connected to the waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure 6. The ET junction waveguide cavity 10 is connected to one input waveguide cavity or one output waveguide cavity. The ET junction waveguide cavity 10, the equally branched waveguide cavity 12, the microstrip probe 11, and the power resistor load 8 are all located in the same horizontal waveguide cavity.
[0010] Furthermore, the waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure 6 includes a 50-ohm microstrip line 14 and waveguide-microstrip probes 13 and 15 located at both ends of the 50-ohm microstrip line 14. The two waveguide-microstrip probes 13 and 15 are located in the equally branched waveguide cavities 12 of the input coplanar magic T5 and the output coplanar magic T7, respectively, at a position one-quarter wavelength away from the end of the equally branched waveguide cavity 12.
[0011] Furthermore, the three input waveguide cavities have the same length, and the three output waveguide cavities have the same length.
[0012] Furthermore, an isolation waveguide cavity is provided on both the front and rear sides of the input port of the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3 and on both the front and rear sides of the output port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4, and a wedge-shaped absorbing material 16 is provided in the isolation waveguide cavity.
[0013] Furthermore, the shielding box body includes an upper box 2 and a lower box 1. The 50-ohm microstrip line 14, the microstrip probe 11, and the power resistor load 8 are located in the lower box 1, and the upper box 2 has a corresponding cavity structure. The upper box 2 has multiple countersunk holes, and the lower box 1 has corresponding threaded holes. The upper box 2 and the lower box 1 are fixed by screws passing through the countersunk holes and threaded holes to form the shielding box body. Two positioning pins 9 are provided on the left and right surfaces of the shielding box body.
[0014] Furthermore, the through input port and through output port are standard WR19 waveguide interfaces.
[0015] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this invention compared with the prior art are as follows:
[0016] 1. This invention proposes a six-channel non-binary power combiner in the V-band (47GHz-52GHz), which features low insertion loss, wide bandwidth, and good isolation. By recombination and cascading of the aforementioned branch waveguide three-channel power divider / combiner and coplanar magic T, non-binary power combining with nine, twelve, eighteen, or twenty-four channels can be achieved.
[0017] 2. This invention allows for the rational selection of the number of power amplifier chips, which is beneficial for improving the performance-to-power ratio of the overall power amplifier and reducing the overall cost. It has high potential for widespread application. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper and lower cavity structure of a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lower cavity planar structure of a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the upper cavity planar structure of a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a coplanar magic T and waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure of a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0025] A V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner, such as Figure 1 As shown, the shielding box body includes, from left to right, a through input port, a branch waveguide three-way power divider 3, an input waveguide cavity, an input coplanar magic T5, a waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure 6, an output coplanar magic T7, an output waveguide cavity, a branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4, and a through output port.
[0026] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the through input port is connected to the input port of the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3. The three output ports of the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3 are respectively connected to one input waveguide cavity. The rightmost end of each input waveguide cavity is connected to an input coplanar magic T5. Each input coplanar magic T5 has an output coplanar magic T7 that is symmetrical to its left and right. Each pair of symmetrical input coplanar magic T5 and output coplanar magic T7 are connected through two waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structures 6. Each output coplanar magic T7 is connected to one output waveguide cavity. The rightmost end of each output waveguide cavity is connected to one input port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4. The output port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4 is connected to the through output port.
[0027] Furthermore, the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3 includes one input port and three output ports, and the waveguide cavity between the input port and the output port is provided with two rows of five-branch coupled input arrays; the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4 includes three input ports and one output port, and the waveguide cavity between the input port and the output port is provided with two rows of five-branch coupled output arrays.
[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 6As shown, both the input coplanar magic T5 and the output coplanar magic T7 include an ET junction waveguide cavity 10 and two equally branched waveguide cavities 12, as well as a microstrip probe 11. One end of the microstrip probe 11 is inserted into the ET junction waveguide cavity 10, and the other end is connected to a power resistor load 8. The equally branched waveguide cavity 12 has a three-stage stepped gradient structure. The connection between the equally branched waveguide cavity 12 and the ET junction waveguide cavity 10 is a half-size standard rectangular waveguide port. The end port of the equally branched waveguide cavity 12 is a standard rectangular waveguide port and is connected to the waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure 6. The ET junction waveguide cavity 10 is connected to one input waveguide cavity or one output waveguide cavity. The ET junction waveguide cavity 10, the equally branched waveguide cavity 12, the microstrip probe 11, and the power resistor load 8 are all located in the same horizontal waveguide cavity.
[0029] Specifically, the microstrip probe 11 is placed on a 0.127mm thick quartz dielectric substrate, and the power resistor load is a gallium nitride power resistor load suitable for the V-band, with a 0.5mm thick tungsten copper heat sink. The power resistor load 8 is soldered to a groove in the shielding box body using low-temperature soldering, and the microstrip probe 11 and the power resistor load 8 are connected by gold wire bonding; the three-stage stepped gradient method can improve port VSWR and achieve a wider operating frequency range.
[0030] Furthermore, the waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure 6 includes a 50-ohm microstrip line 14 and waveguide-microstrip probes 13 and 15 located at both ends of the 50-ohm microstrip line 14. The two waveguide-microstrip probes 13 and 15 are located in the equally branched waveguide cavities 12 of the input coplanar magic T5 and the output coplanar magic T7, respectively, at a position one-quarter wavelength away from the end of the equally branched waveguide cavity 12.
[0031] Specifically, the distance from the end of the equal-branch waveguide cavity 12 is one-quarter wavelength away to ensure that the waveguide-microstrip probe is in the position of strongest electric field within the waveguide, so as to achieve the highest possible coupling efficiency.
[0032] Specifically, the waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure 6 is placed on a quartz dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.127 mm;
[0033] Furthermore, the three input waveguide cavities have the same length, and the three output waveguide cavities have the same length.
[0034] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, an isolation waveguide cavity is provided on both the front and rear sides of the input port of the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3 and the front and rear sides of the output port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4. The isolation waveguide cavity is provided with wedge-shaped absorbing material 16.
[0035] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the shielding box body includes an upper box body 2 and a lower box body 1, as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the 50-ohm microstrip line 14, microstrip probe 11, and power resistor load 8 are located in the lower housing 1, and the upper housing 2 has a corresponding cavity structure; the upper housing 2 has multiple countersunk holes, and the lower housing 1 has corresponding threaded holes; the upper housing 2 and the lower housing 1 are fixed by screws passing through the countersunk holes and threaded holes to form the shielding box body; two positioning pins 9 are provided on the left and right surfaces of the shielding box body.
[0036] Furthermore, the through input port and through output port are standard WR19 waveguide interfaces.
[0037] The basic working principle of this invention is as follows:
[0038] The V-band input signal is input from the direct input port and is divided into three equal-amplitude, in-phase signals by the branch waveguide three-way power divider 3. The three signals then enter an input coplanar magic transformer T5 through an input waveguide cavity, which splits the signal in half, thus dividing the three signals into six signals. The six signals then pass through the waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure 6 and are combined into three signals by three output coplanar magic transformers T7. Finally, the three signals enter the branch waveguide three-way power combiner 4 through an output waveguide cavity, where they are combined into a single V-band signal, which is then output from the standard waveguide cavity.
[0039] In summary, this invention proposes a V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner that achieves non-binary power combining and features low insertion loss, wide bandwidth, and good isolation.
[0040] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the described embodiments are intended to help readers understand the principles of the invention and should be understood as not limiting the scope of protection of the invention to the described embodiments. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims
1. A V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner, characterized in that, The shielding box body includes, from left to right, a through input port, a branch waveguide three-way power divider (3), an input waveguide cavity, an input coplanar magic T (5), a waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure (6), an output coplanar magic T (7), an output waveguide cavity, a branch waveguide three-way power combiner (4), and a through output port; The direct input port is connected to the input port of the branch waveguide three-way power divider (3). The three output ports of the branch waveguide three-way power divider (3) are respectively connected to one input waveguide cavity. The rightmost end of each input waveguide cavity is connected to an input coplanar magic T (5). Each input coplanar magic T (5) is provided with an output coplanar magic T (7) that is symmetrical to its left and right. Each set of symmetrical input coplanar magic T (5) and output coplanar magic T (7) are connected through two waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structures (6). Each output coplanar magic T (7) is connected to one output waveguide cavity. The rightmost end of each output waveguide cavity is connected to one input port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner (4). The output port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner (4) is connected to the direct output port. The input coplanar magic T (5) and the output coplanar magic T (7) each include an ET junction waveguide cavity (10) and two equal-branch waveguide cavities (12), and also include a microstrip probe (11). One end of the microstrip probe (11) is inserted into the ET junction waveguide cavity (10), and the other end is connected to a power resistor load (8). The equal-branch waveguide cavity (12) has a three-stage stepped gradient structure. The equal-branch waveguide cavity (12) and the ET junction waveguide cavity The connection point of the body (10) is a standard rectangular waveguide port of half size. The end port of the equal branch waveguide cavity (12) is a standard rectangular waveguide port and is connected to the waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure (6). The ET junction waveguide cavity (10) is connected to an input waveguide cavity or an output waveguide cavity. The ET junction waveguide cavity (10), the equal branch waveguide cavity (12), the microstrip probe (11) and the power resistor load (8) are all located in the same horizontal waveguide cavity.
2. The V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The branch waveguide three-way power divider (3) includes one input port and three output ports, and two rows of five-branch coupled input arrays are provided in the waveguide cavity between the input port and the output port; the branch waveguide three-way power combiner (4) includes three input ports and one output port, and two rows of five-branch coupled output arrays are provided in the waveguide cavity between the input port and the output port.
3. A V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide-microstrip-waveguide conversion structure (6) includes a 50-ohm microstrip line (14) and waveguide-microstrip probes (13, 15) located at both ends of the 50-ohm microstrip line (14). The two waveguide-microstrip probes (13, 15) are located in the equal branch waveguide cavities (12) of the input coplanar magic T (5) and the output coplanar magic T (7), respectively, at a position one-quarter wavelength away from the end of the equal branch waveguide cavity (12).
4. A V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of each input waveguide cavity is the same, and the length of each output waveguide cavity is the same.
5. A V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that, An isolation waveguide cavity is provided on both the front and rear sides of the input port of the branch waveguide three-way power divider (3) and the front and rear sides of the output port of the branch waveguide three-way power combiner (4). The isolation waveguide cavity is provided with wedge-shaped absorbing material (16).
6. A V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shielding box body includes an upper box (2) and a lower box (1). The 50-ohm microstrip line (14), microstrip probe (11) and power resistor load (8) are located in the lower box (1). The upper box (2) is provided with a corresponding cavity structure. The upper box (2) is provided with multiple countersunk holes, and the lower box (1) is provided with corresponding threaded holes. The upper box (2) and the lower box (1) are fixed by screws passing through the countersunk holes and threaded holes to form the shielding box body. The left and right surfaces of the shielding box body are provided with two positioning pins (9).
7. A V-band six-channel waveguide power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through-input port and through-output port are standard WR19 waveguide interfaces.