An automatically adaptive fishway device for water level amplitude and a method for operating the same

Abstract

The application discloses a fishway device automatically adapting to water level amplitude and a running method thereof. The fishway device comprises a clear channel section, an overflow section and a fishway section arranged in sequence from the upstream to the downstream of a reservoir. The clear channel section, the overflow section and the fishway section are interconnected and form a fishway for the upstream migration of migratory fishes. At least one gate one and one gate two are arranged in the clear channel section, and the gate one and the gate two are operated asynchronously. A fish driving fence is arranged in the overflow section, and notches are arranged on the side walls of the overflow section. A self-floating mechanism capable of floating up and down is arranged at the notches. The self-floating mechanism can make the water level outside the fishway higher than the top position of the fishway, and the height difference is constant. The fishway device can keep the flow and water depth in the fishway unchanged under various water level conditions, and realizes smooth fish passing in the whole process. The fishway device has simple overall structure, high operation efficiency and low cost, can ensure the stability of water flow during the operation of the fishway, and does not affect the fish passing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fishway layout technology, and in particular relates to an automatic adaptive water level fishway device and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] While water conservancy and hydropower projects bring enormous benefits, they also alter river connectivity and the continuity of species flow. Constructing fishways is one of the important environmental protection measures to achieve harmony between humans and nature and ensure the sustainable development of water conservancy and hydropower projects.

[0003] The water level upstream of reservoirs or dams is unstable, and its height varies. Vertical slotted fishway outlets are typically located upstream of reservoirs or dams, and because they are adapted to relatively small water depth variations during normal operation, a single outlet cannot accommodate large fluctuations in the upstream reservoir water level. Currently, the solution is to install multiple outlets at different heights upstream of the vertical slotted fishway, with gates at each outlet. Different gates are opened and closed based on water level changes to switch between different outlets.

[0004] To accommodate large fluctuations in upstream water levels of hydraulic structures, vertical slotted fishways require multiple outlets, leading to difficulties in site selection. Switching between different outlets complicates the operation of the fishway and causes instability in the flow pattern during certain operating periods, affecting fish passage efficiency. Chinese patent CN112030906A discloses a fishway outlet system, which solves the problem of large upstream water level fluctuations, but still requires multiple outlets, posing risks such as operational complexity and maintenance difficulties. Chinese patent CN106049378B discloses a fishway outlet and design method adapted to water level changes, proposing the use of overflow along the flow path to adapt a single fishway outlet to water level fluctuations. However, the collection and utilization of overflow wastewater during application still needs further consideration, potentially increasing the budget significantly.

[0005] Because of the large fluctuations in upstream water levels at reservoirs or dams, rapid changes in water volume will cause frequent switching of outlet gates, reducing the stability of water flow within fish passages and hindering fish from swimming upstream. Furthermore, the process of switching multiple gates is time-consuming, and the water level may change again before the switching is complete. In addition, having too many gates increases the difficulty of fish passage construction and operational costs.

[0006] Therefore, the key point of this invention is how to design a simple, efficient, and low-cost operating method to improve the stability of water flow without affecting the efficiency of fish passage during the operation of fish passages in the context of water level fluctuations upstream of reservoirs or dams. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides an automatic adaptive fishway device for varying water levels and its operating method. To solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this invention is:

[0008] An automatic adaptive fishway device for varying water levels comprises an open channel section, an overflow section, and a fishway section sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream of a reservoir. The open channel section, the overflow section, and the fishway section are interconnected to form a fishway allowing migratory fish to ascend upstream.

[0009] At least one gate and one gate are provided in the open channel section, and the gate one and the gate two operate asynchronously.

[0010] The overflow section is equipped with a fish-driving fence, and there is a gap on any side wall of it;

[0011] A self-floating mechanism that can float up and down is provided at the gap, which can make the water level outside the fishway higher than its top position and keep the height difference constant.

[0012] Furthermore, the gate is located near the upstream end of the reservoir and is some distance from the fishway outlet. The gate is constructed as a split-type structure.

[0013] The second gate is constructed as a door panel structure, which moves up and down along the door slots located at the height of the side walls on both sides of the open channel section.

[0014] Furthermore, the overflow section is also provided with a slide rail one arranged along its length direction and a slide rail two arranged along its height direction;

[0015] The fish-driving gate spans the width of the overflow section, and its initial position is set at the connection between the overflow section and the fish passage section, and it can slide along the first slide rail or the second slide rail;

[0016] The length of the slide rail is greater than the length of the overflow section;

[0017] The height of the second slide rail is greater than the height of the overflow section.

[0018] Furthermore, the notch is constructed as a groove-shaped structure, and the height of its lower bottom surface is less than the lowest water level of the reservoir, and its length is less than the length of the overflow section.

[0019] Furthermore, the self-floating mechanism includes:

[0020] Floating boxes set at the same height;

[0021] A baffle plate connecting the pontoon;

[0022] Guide channel connected to the pontoon;

[0023] And a bidirectional controlled water pump placed in each of the aforementioned pontoons;

[0024] The floating box is constructed as an empty box and is connected to the reservoir via the water pump.

[0025] The baffle is constructed in an L-shape, and the height of the baffle is less than the height of the pontoon.

[0026] The guide channel is connected to the back of the two floating boxes on both sides along the height direction of the overflow section.

[0027] A method for operating an automatically adaptable fishway that adjusts to varying water levels, employing the device described in any of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:

[0028] The first step is to isolate the open channel section from the upstream reservoir and to connect the open channel section, the overflow section, and the fishway section.

[0029] Control the fish-driving barrier to move from one end near the fishway section to one end of the open channel section;

[0030] Control the connection between the open channel section and the upstream of the reservoir;

[0031] The open channel section is isolated from the upstream reservoir again, and the open channel section, the overflow section and the fishway section are interconnected.

[0032] Repeat the above steps until all migratory fish have completed their upstream migration.

[0033] Furthermore, the initial control of the open channel section to isolate it from the upstream reservoir, and the interconnection of the open channel section, the overflow section, and the fishway section, includes:

[0034] Close gate one in the open channel section to isolate the entire fishway from the upstream reservoir; control gate two to rise to the top of the side wall of the open channel section;

[0035] Control the fish-driving gate to rise to the top of the overflow section sidewall;

[0036] The overall weight of the self-floating mechanism is controlled to balance the buoyancy it receives, so that the water level outside the self-floating mechanism is higher than the top of the self-floating mechanism and the height difference remains unchanged, so that the water flow outside the self-floating mechanism flows over its top and enters the overflow section at a constant flow rate.

[0037] Furthermore, controlling the fish-driving barrier to move from one end near the fishway section to one end of the open channel section includes:

[0038] Control the fish-driving gate to be gradually lowered from its position at the top of the overflow section sidewall to the bottom of the overflow section sidewall;

[0039] The fish-driving gate is moved from one end of the overflow section near the fishway section to one end near the open channel section, so that migratory fish in the overflow section are driven into the open channel section;

[0040] Control the second gate to fall to the bottom of the side wall of the open channel section, and simultaneously control the fish-driving fence to return to its initial position;

[0041] Then control the fish-driving gate to rise from the bottom to the top of the overflow section sidewall.

[0042] Furthermore, controlling the interconnection between the open channel section and the upstream of the reservoir includes:

[0043] Control the gate to rotate 45° along the axis of the open channel section towards the upstream end of the reservoir, so that the open channel section is interconnected with the upstream of the reservoir;

[0044] The water depth in the open channel section slowly rises to the reservoir level, and migratory fish in the open channel section enter the upstream of the reservoir from the open channel section to complete their upstream migration.

[0045] Furthermore, the re-controlling of the open channel section from the upstream reservoir and interconnecting the open channel section, the overflow section, and the fishway section includes:

[0046] Close the first gate;

[0047] The gate is controlled to move from the bottom to the top of the side wall of the open channel section, so that the open channel section, the overflow section and the fish passage section are interconnected, completing one fish-driving cycle.

[0048] 1. The automatic adaptive water level fishway device and its operation method designed by the present invention can keep the flow rate and water depth in the fishway constant under various water level conditions, and achieve smooth fish passage throughout the process; the overall structure is simple, the operation efficiency is high and the cost is low, which can ensure the stability of the water flow when the fishway is running, and at the same time does not affect the fish passage efficiency.

[0049] 2. The self-floating mechanism adjusts the weight of the water injected into the pontoons by controlling the water pump to adjust the overall weight of the two pontoons, thereby controlling the positional difference h between the top of the baffle and the reservoir water level H0. This allows the baffle to automatically rise or fall according to changes in the reservoir water level, ensuring that the water depth H1 in the overflow section remains constant under various water level conditions. This results in a stable water level and gentle flow in the overflow section, facilitating the buffering and assistance for migratory fish as they move from the fishway section to the overflow section. The sound effects and flow patterns generated by the overflowing water flow promote the gathering of migratory fish in the overflow section.

[0050] 3. The fishway device of this application solves the technical problems of complex layout and control of traditional multiple gates and high maintenance costs, thus saving engineering costs.

[0051] 4. In the open channel section, the gate one near the upstream side of the reservoir adopts a double-gate structure. When gate one opens slowly, a water level difference exists between the upstream and downstream sides of gate one, thus creating a suitable flow velocity at the vertical slit in the middle of gate one. Under the stimulation of the flow velocity, migratory fish swim upstream against the current and exit the open channel section into the upstream of the reservoir. The double-gate structure of gate one has a promoting effect on inducing migratory fish in the open channel section. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a top view of an automatic adaptive fishway operating device according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a front view of an automatic fishway operating device that adapts to water level fluctuations according to the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of AA in the diagram;

[0055] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of BB in the image;

[0056] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of CC in the image;

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the migratory fish in step one of this invention;

[0058] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the migratory fish in step two of this invention;

[0059] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the migratory fish in step three of this invention.

[0060] In the picture:

[0061] 10. Open channel section; 11. Gate 1; 12. Gate 2

[0062] 13. Door slot; 14. Motor 1; 15. Motor 2

[0063] 20. Overflow section; 21. Fish guide fence; 22. Slide rail 1

[0064] 23. Slide rail two; 24. Motor three; 25. Motor four

[0065] 26. Gap 30, Fishway Section 40, Self-floating Mechanism

[0066] 41. Floating box; 42. Baffle; 43. Guide channel

[0067] 44. Water pump Detailed Implementation

[0068] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] This embodiment proposes a device for automatically adapting to changes in water level in a fishway, such as... Figure 1-3 As shown, the reservoir includes an open channel section 10, an overflow section 20, and a fishway section 30 arranged sequentially along the water flow direction from upstream to downstream. These sections are interconnected to form a fishway for migratory fish. The open channel section 10 has at least two independent gates that operate asynchronously; in this embodiment, two gates are provided: Gate 11 and Gate 22. A fish-driving barrier 21 is installed at the connection between the overflow section 20 and the fishway section 30. A gap 26 is provided on one side wall of the overflow section 20, and a self-floating mechanism 40 that automatically floats up and down is installed at the gap 26. The relationship between the overall weight of the self-floating mechanism 40 and its buoyancy is controlled to ensure that the water level of the reservoir outside the fishway remains constant. If the water level is above the top of the self-floating mechanism 40 and the height difference h between the two positions remains constant, the water flow rate from the reservoir outside the fishway that overflows the top of the self-floating mechanism 40 into the overflow section 20 remains constant. This ensures that the water flow rate from the self-floating mechanism 40 into the overflow section 20 is equal to the water flow rate in the fishway section 30, thus ensuring that the water flow rate in the fishway section 30 remains constant. This, in turn, ensures that the water level between the overflow section 20 and the fishway section 30 is stable, making it easier for migratory fish to swim upstream from the fishway section 30 to the overflow section 20.

[0070] Specifically, two gates are installed in the open channel section 10, namely gate one 11 and gate two 12. Gate one 11 is located near the upstream end of the reservoir, that is, near the fishway outlet, and there is a certain distance between it and the fishway outlet. Gate one 11 is constructed as a split structure. Preferably, the distance 'a' between gate one 11 and the fishway outlet is 5m. Gate two 12 is located at the connection between the open channel section 10 and the overflow section 20, and it is constructed as a gate panel structure. At the location of gate two 12 in the open channel section 10, there is a gate slot 13 that is arranged opposite to it. The gate slot 13 is vertically arranged along the height of the side wall of the open channel section 10. The gate slot 13 is constructed as a vertical track and is adapted to fit gate two 12. Gate two 12 can move vertically up and down along the gate slot 13.

[0071] The side walls on both sides of open channel section 10 are at the same height as the side walls on both sides of overflow section 20, and the height of the side walls on both sides of open channel section 10 is higher than the highest water level H in the reservoir. 0maxFishway section 30 is a sloping structure, and its sidewall height is higher than that of the sidewalls in open channel section 10 and overflow section 20.

[0072] The open channel section 10 also includes a motor 14 for controlling gate 11 and a motor 15 for controlling gate 2 12. Motor 14 can control the two opposing gates of gate 11 to rotate in opposite directions along the centerline of the open channel section 10 towards the fishway outlet, i.e., towards the upstream end of the reservoir, to open gate 11, allowing migratory fish to swim from the middle of the open channel section 10 to the upstream of the reservoir; or it can rotate from the open state back towards each other to close gate 11. Preferably, motor 14 controls gate 11 and causes the opposing gates on both sides of gate 11 to rotate in opposite directions, i.e., rotate 45° along the axis of the open channel section 10 towards the upstream end of the reservoir, to open gate 11. This creates a suitable flow velocity at the central vertical slit of gate 11, stimulating migratory fish to swim upstream against the current and exit the open channel section into the upstream of the reservoir. This also connects the open channel section 10 with the upstream of the reservoir. Motor 2 15 can control gate 2 12 to slide up and down along gate slot 13 to open or close the connection between open channel section 10 and overflow section 20.

[0073] The overflow section 20 is equipped with a fish-driving gate 21, a first slide rail 22 extending horizontally along the sidewall of the overflow section 20, and a second slide rail 23 extending vertically along the sidewall of the overflow section 20. The fish-driving gate 21 is positioned at the connection between the overflow section 20 and the fishway section 30, spanning the width of the overflow section 20 and being vertically arranged. The length of the first slide rail 22 is greater than the length of the overflow section 20, and the height of the second slide rail 23 is greater than the height of the overflow section 20. The first slide rail 22 is located in the upper part of both sidewalls of the overflow section 20, close to the top of the sidewalls, and symmetrically arranged relative to the centerline of the fishway. Preferably, the length of the first slide rail 22 is greater than the length of the overflow section 20 and partially extends into one side of the open channel section 10. This is to ensure that the fish-driving gate 21 can be completely moved to the point close to the connection between the open channel section 10 and the overflow section 20, allowing migratory fish to fully enter the open channel section 10. Slide rail 23 is located at the connection between overflow section 20 and fishway section 30 and is positioned at the same initial position as fish guide fence 21. Overflow section 20 is also equipped with motor 3 24 for controlling the horizontal movement of fish guide fence 21 and motor 4 25 for vertical movement. Fish guide fence 21 can move horizontally back and forth along slide rail 1 22 via motor 3 24, or move vertically up and down along slide rail 23 via motor 4 25.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, a groove-shaped notch 26 is provided on one side wall of the overflow section 20. The length of the notch 26 along the water flow direction is less than the total length of the overflow section 20. The height of its lower bottom surface, i.e., the height H3 from the bottom of the overflow section 20 to the lower bottom surface of the notch 26, is less than the total height of the overflow section 20 and less than the lowest water level H of the reservoir. 0minThe water depth in overflow section 20 is H1, which is less than the height H3 at the lower end of gap 26, and the height H3 at the lower end of gap 26 is lower than the lowest water level of the reservoir. 0min Subtract the position difference h between the top of baffle 42 and the reservoir water level H0, that is, H3 < H 0min -h, where h is the difference between the reservoir water level H0 and the height of the top of the baffle 42. This is to prevent water from overflowing from the reservoir into the overflow section 20 when the reservoir water level H0 is at its lowest level and the position difference h between it and the top of the baffle 42 is lower than the height H3 of the lower end face of the gap 26.

[0075] like Figure 2 The self-floating mechanism 40 is located on the outer wall of the side wall on the side where the gap 26 is located and is interconnected with the gap 26. Specifically, the self-floating mechanism 40 includes two floats 41, a baffle 42 placed between the floats 41 and connected to the two floats 41 as a whole, and two guide channels 43 respectively connected to the floats 41. Among them, the floats 41 are horizontally arranged side by side on the outer sides of both ends of the gap 26 in the length direction; the baffle 42 has an L-shaped structure and is located between the floats 41, and the baffle 42 and the two floats 41 on both sides form a cavity that communicates with the gap 26; the two floats 41 on both sides are of the same height, the height of the baffle 42 is less than the height of the two floats 41 on both sides, and the width of the lower end face of the baffle 42 is the same as the width of the floats 41; along the water flow direction, the horizontal width of the baffle 42 is the same as the horizontal width of the gap 26; the guide channels 43 are vertically arranged on the outer sides of both ends in the horizontal width direction of the gap 26 and are connected to the back of the floats 41.

[0076] Among them, the float box 41 is a closed empty box structure with a light weight, and the weight of the self-floating mechanism 40 is less than the buoyancy it experiences; in order to control the floating height of the float box 41, a water pump 44 that can automatically adjust the overall weight of the float box 41 needs to be installed in the inner cavity of each float box 41, such as Figure 2As shown, the weight of the two float boxes 41 and the baffle 42 in the self-floating mechanism 40 is added to the weight of the water liquid injected into the float box 41 by the water pump 44 to obtain the overall weight of the self-floating mechanism 40, and the overall weight of the self-floating mechanism 40 is equal to the buoyancy it experiences. Among them, the water pump 44 is a bidirectional pump, which can connect the float box 41 to the external reservoir. When the weight of the self-floating mechanism 40 is less than its buoyancy, the water pump 44 can draw water from the reservoir into the float box 41; when the weight of the self-floating mechanism 40 is greater than its buoyancy, the water pump 44 can drain water from the float box 41. The bidirectional water pump 44 can ensure that the self-floating mechanism 40 always floats on the surface of the reservoir. The height of the float box 41 is higher than the reservoir water level H0 and the top of the baffle 42 is lower than the reservoir water level H0. The water level above the baffle 42 is consistent, that is, the position difference h between the top of the baffle 42 and the reservoir water level H0 is constant. This can keep the water level H1 in the overflow section 20 stable, which is conducive to the upstream migration of migratory fish.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, the position of the baffle 42 in the self-floating mechanism 40 corresponds to the position of the gap 26. Because the water level H0 of the reservoir outside the fishway is always higher than the water level in the fishway, and the water level H0 of the reservoir is located between the top of the float box 41 and the top of the baffle 42, during operation, the water level H0 of the reservoir is always greater than the top position of the baffle 42. By controlling the weight of the self-floating mechanism 40 itself, the positional difference h between it and the water level of the reservoir can be kept constant. As a result, the water in the reservoir can be turned over from the top of the baffle 42 into the overflow section 20. Since the positional difference h remains unchanged, the water flow rate overflowing into the overflow section 20 also remains unchanged. Meanwhile, since the overflow section 20 and the fishway section 30 are always interconnected, the water flow rate from the top of the baffle 42 into the overflow section 20 is the same as the water flow rate from the overflow section 20 into the fishway section 30. The water flow rate in the fishway section 30 remains unchanged, thus ensuring that the water level in the overflow section 20 is always maintained at position H1. This, in turn, ensures that the water level between the overflow section 20 and the fishway section 30 is stable and the water flow is gentle, which facilitates the buffering and assistance of migratory fish from the fishway section 30 to the overflow section 20 as they swim forward step by step.

[0078] The setting of gap 26 and self-floating mechanism 40 can ensure that water is poured into fishway section 30 and overflow section 20 when the first batch of migratory fish swim upstream. In the initial stage, it is also necessary to control gate 11 to open in advance so that water from the upstream of the reservoir can be poured into open channel section 10. This ensures that there is always water flowing through the entire fishway.

[0079] An automatic adaptive fishway operation method, employing the above-mentioned device, includes the following steps:

[0080] S1. First, control the open channel section 10 to be isolated from the upstream of the reservoir, and make the open channel section 10, the overflow section 20 and the fishway section 30 interconnected.

[0081] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the gate 11 in the open channel section 10 is closed by motor 14 to isolate the entire fishway from the upstream of the reservoir; motor 215 is started and the gate 212 is controlled to move vertically upward along the gate slot 13 and rise to the top of the side wall of the open channel section 10, and its position remains unchanged.

[0082] Restart motor 4 25 and control fish-driving grate 21 to slide vertically upward along slide rail 2 23 until it rises to the top of the overflow section 20 side wall and stops.

[0083] The overall weight of the unloaded self-floating mechanism 40 is balanced by the buoyancy it experiences. The water pumps 44 in the two float boxes 41 are controlled to adjust the weight of the water injected into the float boxes 41, thereby adjusting the total weight of the two float boxes 41. That is, water is introduced into the float boxes 41 from the reservoir to increase the weight of the water pumps 44 in the float boxes 41, ensuring that the buoyancy experienced by the self-floating mechanism 40 is the same as its overall weight. This allows the water flow outside the self-floating mechanism 40 to overflow the top of the baffle 42 and enter the overflow section 20, ensuring that the water level in the overflow section 20 is always maintained at H1. The overflowing water flow merges with the water flow in the fish passage and flows into the downstream of the reservoir through the fish passage section 30 along the water flow direction.

[0084] Migratory fish enter the overflow section 20 from the downstream via the fishway section 30, and then enter the open channel section 10 via the overflow section 20. When the reservoir water level rises or falls from H0, the buoyancy of the float box 41 and the baffle 41 rises or falls together, and the water depth H1 in the overflow section 20 remains constant.

[0085] S2, the fish-driving gate 21 in the overflow section 20 is moved from the end near the fish passage section 30 to the end of the open channel section 10.

[0086] like Figure 7 As shown, the motor 25 is started and the fish-driving gate 21 is controlled to gradually lower along the slide rail 23 from the top of the overflow section 20 side wall to the bottom of the overflow section 20 side wall, and the motor 25 stops working.

[0087] Start motor 24 and control fish-driving grate 21 to move along slide rail 22 from one end of overflow section 20 near fish passage section 30 to one end near open channel section 10. That is, from its initial position at the connection between overflow section 20 and fish passage section 30, it moves towards the end near open channel section 10 until it stops at the end near open channel section 10. The purpose is to drive migratory fish in overflow section 20 into open channel section 10.

[0088] When migratory fish gather in open channel section 10, motor 2 15 is activated, causing gate 2 12 to drop to the bottom of the side wall of open channel section 10, that is, to move to the lowest position along the height direction of gate slot 13. Simultaneously, motor 3 24 is controlled to cause fish-driving gate 21 to return along slide rail 1 22 from one end of open channel section 10 to the initial position in overflow section 20 near fish passage section 30, that is, to return to the connection position between overflow section 20 and fish passage section 30.

[0089] Then control motor 4 25 to make fish-driving gate 21 gradually rise along slide rail 2 23 from the bottom of the side wall of overflow section 20 to the top of the side wall of overflow section 20, so that overflow section 20 and fish passage section 30 continue to communicate.

[0090] S3 controls the connection between the open channel section 10 and the upstream of the reservoir.

[0091] like Figure 8 As shown, the gate 11 is slowly opened by motor 14, and the gates on both sides of the gate 11 are rotated in opposite directions, that is, rotated 45° along the axis of open channel section 10 towards the upstream end of the reservoir, so as to open gate 11 and connect open channel section 10 with the upstream of the reservoir. The water level H1 in open channel section 10 slowly rises to the reservoir water level H0. The migratory fish in open channel section 10 swim out of open channel section 10 and enter the upstream of the reservoir under the stimulation of the water flow, completing their upstream migration.

[0092] S4. Once again control the open channel section 10 to isolate it from the upstream of the reservoir, and make the open channel section 10, the overflow section 20 and the fishway section 30 interconnected.

[0093] After the migratory fish in open channel section 10 have completed their upstream migration, the gate 11 will be slowly closed by motor 14.

[0094] After gate 11 is closed, motor 215 controls gate 22 to move upwards along gate slot 13 from the bottom of the side wall of open channel section 10 and to the top of the side wall of open channel section 10, so that open channel section 10, overflow section 20 and fishway section 30 are interconnected. At this time, because open channel section 10 receives water flowing in from the upstream of the reservoir, the water depth in open channel section 10 is greater than the water depth in overflow section 20. The water flows from open channel section 10 into overflow section 20, and then flows through fishway section 30 to the downstream of the reservoir. When the water depths in open channel section 10, overflow section 20 and fishway section 30 are equal, one fish-driving cycle is completed.

[0095] S5. Repeat steps S1-S4.

[0096] 1. An automatic adaptive water level fishway device and its operation method, which can keep the flow rate and water depth in the fishway constant under various water level conditions, and realize the smooth passage of fish throughout the process; the overall structure is simple, the operation efficiency is high and the cost is low, which can ensure the stability of the water flow when the fishway is running, and at the same time does not affect the fish passage efficiency.

[0097] 2. The self-floating mechanism adjusts the weight of the water injected into the pontoons by controlling the water pump to adjust the overall weight of the two pontoons, thereby controlling the positional difference h between the top of the baffle and the reservoir water level H0. This allows the baffle to automatically rise or fall according to changes in the reservoir water level, ensuring that the water depth H1 in the overflow section remains constant under various water level conditions. This results in a stable water level and gentle flow in the overflow section, facilitating the buffering and assistance for migratory fish as they move from the fishway section to the overflow section. The sound effects and flow patterns generated by the overflowing water flow promote the gathering of migratory fish in the overflow section.

[0098] 3. The fishway device of this application solves the technical problems of complex layout and control of traditional multiple gates and high maintenance costs, thus saving engineering costs.

[0099] 4. In the open channel section, the gate one near the upstream side of the reservoir adopts a double-gate structure. When gate one opens slowly, a water level difference exists between the upstream and downstream sides of gate one, thus creating a suitable flow velocity at the vertical slit in the middle of gate one. Under the stimulation of the flow velocity, migratory fish swim upstream against the current and exit the open channel section into the upstream of the reservoir. The double-gate structure of gate one has a promoting effect on inducing migratory fish in the open channel section.

[0100] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. These descriptions are merely preferred embodiments and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. An automatic adaptive fishway device for varying water levels, characterized in that, From upstream to downstream of the reservoir, an open channel section, an overflow section, and a fishway section are sequentially constructed. These sections are interconnected to form a fishway that allows migratory fish to travel upstream. At least one gate and one gate are provided in the open channel section, and the gate one and the gate two operate asynchronously; the gate one is located near the upstream end of the reservoir and is a certain distance from the fishway outlet end, and the gate one is constructed as a split structure; the gate two is constructed as a door panel structure, which moves up and down along the door slots located at the height of the side walls on both sides of the open channel section. The overflow section is also provided with a slide rail one arranged along its length and a slide rail two arranged along its height; the fish guide spans the width of the overflow section, and its initial position is set at the connection between the overflow section and the fish passage section, and it can slide along the slide rail one or the slide rail two; the length of the slide rail one is greater than the length of the overflow section; the height of the slide rail two is greater than the height of the overflow section. The overflow section is equipped with a fish-driving fence, and there is a gap on any side wall of the gap. The gap is constructed as a groove-shaped structure, and the height of its bottom surface is less than the lowest water level of the reservoir, and its length is less than the length of the overflow section. A self-floating mechanism that can float up and down is provided at the gap, which can make the water level outside the fishway higher than its top position and keep the height difference constant. The self-floating mechanism includes: pontoons set at equal heights; baffles connecting the pontoons; guide channels connected to the pontoons; and bidirectional controlled water pumps placed in each of the pontoons; wherein the pontoons are constructed as empty boxes and are connected to the reservoir via the water pumps; the baffles are constructed as L-shaped structures and the height of the baffles is less than the height of the pontoons; the guide channels are connected to the back sides of the pontoons on both sides along the height direction of the overflow section.

2. A method for operating an automatically adaptable fishway that adjusts to varying water levels, characterized in that, The steps of using the apparatus as described in claim 1 include: The first step is to isolate the open channel section from the upstream reservoir and to connect the open channel section, the overflow section, and the fishway section. Control the fish-driving barrier to move from one end near the fishway section to one end of the open channel section; Control the connection between the open channel section and the upstream of the reservoir; The open channel section is isolated from the upstream reservoir again, and the open channel section, the overflow section and the fishway section are interconnected. Repeat the above steps until all migratory fish have completed their upstream migration.

3. The method for operating an automatically adaptable fishway to varying water levels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The initial control of the open channel section to isolate it from the upstream reservoir, and to interconnect the open channel section, the overflow section, and the fishway section, includes: Close gate one in the open channel section to isolate the entire fishway from the upstream reservoir; control gate two to rise to the top of the side wall of the open channel section; Control the fish-driving gate to rise to the top of the overflow section sidewall; The overall weight of the self-floating mechanism is controlled to balance the buoyancy it receives, so that the water level outside the self-floating mechanism is higher than the top of the self-floating mechanism and the height difference remains unchanged, so that the water flow outside the self-floating mechanism flows over its top and enters the overflow section at a constant flow rate.

4. The method for operating an automatically adaptable fishway to varying water levels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control of moving the fish-driving gate from one end near the fishway section to one end of the open channel section includes: Control the fish-driving gate to be gradually lowered from its position at the top of the overflow section sidewall to the bottom of the overflow section sidewall; The fish-driving gate is moved from one end of the overflow section near the fishway section to one end near the open channel section, so that migratory fish in the overflow section are driven into the open channel section; Control the second gate to fall to the bottom of the side wall of the open channel section, and simultaneously control the fish-driving fence to return to its initial position; Then control the fish-driving gate to rise from the bottom to the top of the overflow section sidewall.

5. The operating method of an automatically adaptable fishway to varying water levels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control of the connection between the open channel section and the upstream of the reservoir includes: Control the gate to rotate 45° along the axis of the open channel section towards the upstream end of the reservoir, so that the open channel section is interconnected with the upstream of the reservoir; The water depth in the open channel section slowly rises to the reservoir level, and migratory fish in the open channel section enter the upstream of the reservoir from the open channel section to complete their upstream migration.

6. The method for operating an automatically adaptable fishway to varying water levels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The re-control of the open channel section to isolate it from the upstream reservoir, and the interconnection of the open channel section, the overflow section, and the fishway section, includes: Close the first gate; The gate is controlled to move from the bottom to the top of the side wall of the open channel section, so that the open channel section, the overflow section and the fish passage section are interconnected, completing one fish-driving cycle.

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