Pulse parameter processing method, device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a pulse parameter processing method, apparatus, device, and storage medium, relating to the field of data processing, and particularly to the field of quantum computing. The specific implementation solution is as follows: determining a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse corresponding to a quantum gate Rx(θ1); the first correction pulse is used to compensate and correct the phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) to be implemented on a first target qubit; determining a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to a quantum gate Rx(θ2); the second correction pulse is used to compensate and correct the phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) to be implemented on a second target qubit; obtaining a target mapping relationship based on the relationship between the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the angle of the quantum gate; the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to the field of quantum computing. Background Art

[0002] In superconducting quantum computing, the weak anharmonicity of quantum bits will cause the realization of single-bit quantum gates. For example, the X-gate (Pauli-X gate) will have a phase error, which needs to be compensated and corrected using pulse optimization methods. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides a pulse parameter processing method, device, equipment and storage medium.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a pulse parameter processing method is provided, comprising:

[0005] Determine a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ1); wherein the first correction pulse is applied to a first target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) required to be implemented by the first target quantum bit;

[0006] Determine a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the second correction pulse is applied to a second target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) required to be implemented by the second target quantum bit; the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 are different;

[0007] Based on the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2), a target mapping relationship is obtained; wherein the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a pulse parameter processing device, comprising:

[0009] A first processing unit is used to determine a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ1); wherein the first correction pulse is used to be applied to a first target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) required to be implemented by the first target quantum bit;

[0010] A second processing unit is used to determine a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the second correction pulse is used to be applied to a second target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) required to be implemented by the second target quantum bit; and the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 are different;

[0011] A data fitting unit is used to obtain a target mapping relationship based on a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse, a second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and a relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computing device, comprising:

[0013] At least one quantum processing unit QPU;

[0014] a memory coupled to the at least one QPU and configured to store executable instructions,

[0015] The instructions are executed by the at least one QPU so that the at least one QPU can perform the above method;

[0016] Or, include:

[0017] at least one processor; and

[0018] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0019] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor. The instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can perform the above-mentioned method.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions is provided. When at least one quantum processing unit executes the computer instructions, the at least one quantum processing unit performs the method described above.

[0021] Alternatively, the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the above method.

[0022] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program implements the above method when executed by at least one quantum processing unit;

[0023] Or the computer program implements the above method when executed by a processor.

[0024] In this way, the disclosed solution can use the target amplitude of the correction pulse at a known angle (such as angle θ1), such as the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, and the target amplitude of the correction pulse at another known angle (such as angle θ2), such as the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the known angles to obtain a target mapping relationship, and the target mapping relationship can characterize the target amplitude of the correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ) at any angle θ. In this way, support is provided for the precise manipulation of quantum bits while minimizing errors, and at the same time, it also lays the foundation for improving the fidelity of quantum gates and saving quantum resources.

[0025] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings are used to better understand the present solution and do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 1 The following is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the pulse parameter processing method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the pulse parameter processing method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 3 The following is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the pulse parameter processing method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 ;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a pulse sequence in a specific example of a pulse parameter processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG5( a ) is a schematic diagram of a first variation curve and a second variation curve in a specific example of a pulse parameter processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG5( b ) is a schematic diagram of a third change curve and a fourth change curve in a specific example of the pulse parameter processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 6(a)-Figure 6(c) is an experimental effect diagram of a specific example of the pulse parameter processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a pulse parameter processing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a block diagram of a computing device used to implement the pulse parameter processing method of the embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following is a description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate understanding, which should be considered as merely exemplary. Therefore, it should be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, the description of well-known functions and structures is omitted in the following description.

[0037] In superconducting quantum computing, the weak anharmonicity of quantum bits will lead to a phase error when implementing single-bit quantum gates, such as the X-gate (Pauli-X gate) or the X / 2 gate. This phase error needs to be compensated and corrected using pulse optimization methods. Here, it can be understood that the X-gate and the X / 2 gate can be regarded as special cases of single-bit rotation gates. More generally, in some variational quantum experiments, it is necessary to rotate the quantum bits at any angle, which will also encounter the problem of phase error. At this time, compensation and correction of the phase error are also required.

[0038] Here, the X gate is equivalent to rotating the Bloch sphere by an angle of π around the X axis, and the X / 2 gate is equivalent to rotating the Bloch sphere by an angle of π / 2 around the X axis. Further, for example, for the phase errors of the X gate and the X / 2 gate, the phase errors can be compensated and corrected by applying a correction pulse of a specific form, and in theory, there is a certain proportional relationship between the correction pulse of the X gate and the correction pulse of the X / 2 gate, for example, the pulse parameters (such as amplitude) of the correction pulses of the two have a certain proportional relationship. However, in actual experiments, due to factors such as electronic equipment and measurement and control circuits, the actual proportional relationship is far from the theoretical proportional relationship given by theoretical calculation. Therefore, it is impossible to directly calculate the pulse parameters of the correction pulse of the X / 2 gate based on the pulse parameters of the correction pulse of the X gate, and it is even more impossible to calculate the pulse parameters of the correction pulse of the rotating gate at any angle.

[0039] Based on this, how to efficiently obtain the pulse parameters of the phase error correction pulse of a quantum gate at any angle, and then obtain a high-fidelity quantum gate at any angle, becomes an urgent problem to be solved.

[0040] Based on this, the disclosed scheme proposes a scheme for determining the pulse parameters of the phase error correction pulse of a quantum gate at any angle. This provides support for precise manipulation of quantum bits while minimizing errors. It also lays the foundation for improving the fidelity of quantum gates and saving quantum resources.

[0041] Specifically, Figure 1 The following is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the pulse parameter processing method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 ; The method can be optionally applied to a quantum computing device that has both classical computing capabilities, or can be applied to a classical computing device that has both quantum computing capabilities, or directly applied to a classical computing device, such as a personal computer, server, server cluster, or other electronic device with classical computing capabilities, or directly applied to a quantum computer, and the present disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0042] Further, the method includes at least part of the following contents. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0043] Step S101: Determine a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse corresponding to a quantum gate Rx(θ1); wherein the first correction pulse is applied to a first target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) required to be implemented by the first target quantum bit.

[0044] Step S102: Determine a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the second correction pulse is applied to a second target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) required to be implemented by the second target quantum bit.

[0045] It should be noted that the rotation angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2) are different, that is, the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 are different.

[0046] Step S103: Based on the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2), a target mapping relationship is obtained; wherein the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

[0047] In this way, the disclosed solution can use the target amplitude of the correction pulse at a known angle (such as angle θ1), such as the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, and the target amplitude of the correction pulse at another known angle (such as θ2), such as the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the known angles to obtain a target mapping relationship, and the target mapping relationship can characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ (any angle) of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse. In this way, support is provided for the precise manipulation of quantum bits while minimizing errors, and the foundation is also laid for improving the fidelity of quantum gates.

[0048] Moreover, since the mapping relationship between any angle and the target amplitude of the correction pulse is known, unnecessary repeated operations are avoided and a large amount of quantum resources are saved. At the same time, the disclosed scheme can also efficiently calibrate the single-bit quantum gate parameters (such as the pulse parameters of the correction pulse) of all quantum bits in a specified quantum chip, which is convenient for industrial automation.

[0049] Here, in one example, the quantum gate Rx(θ1) can be understood as a single-bit quantum gate with an angle of θ1. Further, it is a single-bit rotation gate.

[0050] Further, in a specific example, the quantum gate Rx(θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the first axis of the Bloch sphere. For example, in one example, the quantum gate Rx(θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the X-axis (or Y-axis, or Z-axis) of the Bloch sphere.

[0051] Further, in another example, the quantum gate Rx(θ2) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ2 around the first axis of the Bloch sphere. For example, in one example, the quantum gate Rx(θ2) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ2 around the X axis (or Y axis, or Z axis) of the Bloch sphere.

[0052] In this way, the target amplitude of the correction pulse of a single-bit rotary gate at any angle can be obtained by using the disclosed scheme, thereby providing support for manipulating quantum bits while minimizing errors. At the same time, it also lays a foundation for improving the fidelity of quantum gates and saving quantum resources.

[0053] Furthermore, in a specific example, the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 are in a multiple relationship. In this way, a foundation is laid for quickly obtaining the first target amplitude and the second target amplitude, and at the same time, improving the accuracy of the first target amplitude and the second target amplitude.

[0054] Here, it should be noted that since the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 are in a multiple relationship, when an angle, such as the target amplitude corresponding to the angle θ1 (that is, the first target amplitude), is obtained, the target amplitude corresponding to the determined angle θ1 can be used to quickly obtain the target amplitude corresponding to the angle θ2 (that is, the second target amplitude), thereby improving the overall processing efficiency.

[0055] Further, in a specific example, the angle θ1 is π / n; and / or the angle θ2 is π. In this way, the first target amplitude and the second target amplitude can be quickly obtained, and at the same time, the accuracy of the first target amplitude and the second target amplitude is improved.

[0056] Further, in a specific example, the angle θ1 is π / 2. For example, in an example, the angle θ1 is π / 2, and the angle θ2 is π, so that the processing flow of obtaining the first target amplitude can be effectively simplified, and the first target amplitude and the second target amplitude can be quickly obtained, and at the same time, the accuracy of the first target amplitude and the second target amplitude is improved.

[0057] Furthermore, in a specific example, both the first correction pulse and the second correction pulse can be specifically DRAG (Adiabatic Derivative Removal) correction pulses. In this way, the phase error introduced by the non-ideal control pulse of the quantum bit is solved (for example, because the quantum bit is coupled to a higher energy level during the control operation, it causes unexpected energy level leakage and phase error). For example, after the main pulse of the quantum bit, a DRAG correction pulse is applied, so that the system evolution of the quantum bit is moved away from a higher energy state, thereby eliminating the phase error and improving the fidelity of the quantum gate to be implemented.

[0058] Furthermore, in a specific example, the first target quantum bit and the second target quantum bit are the same quantum bit. In this case, the pulse parameters (ie, the target amplitude) of the correction pulse of the quantum bit can be calibrated using the disclosed solution.

[0059] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the disclosed solution may also adopt the target mapping relationship obtained above to obtain the target amplitude of the correction pulse corresponding to any angle; for example, in one example, after step S103, the method further includes:

[0060] Step S104: Obtain target angle θ * .

[0061] Step S105: Based on the target mapping relationship, the quantum gate Rx(θ * Here, the correction pulse with the target amplitude is combined with the quantum gate Rx(θ * ) is superimposed and applied to the physical quantum bit, a quantum gate Rx(θ) that meets the accuracy requirement (for example, meets the fidelity requirement) can be obtained through the physical quantum bit. * ).

[0062] In this way, when using the correction pulse determined by the disclosed solution to manipulate quantum bits, errors can be minimized, the fidelity of quantum gates can be improved, and the foundation for saving quantum resources is laid.

[0063] Specifically, Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the pulse parameter processing method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2; The method can be optionally applied to a quantum computing device that has both classical computing capabilities, or can be applied to a classical computing device that has both quantum computing capabilities, or directly applied to a classical computing device, such as a personal computer, server, server cluster, or other electronic device with classical computing capabilities, or directly applied to a quantum computer, and the present disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0064] Further, the method includes at least part of the following contents. Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0065] Step S201: Determine the amplitude of a first main pulse applied to a first target quantum bit required to implement a quantum gate Rx(θ1).

[0066] Further, in a specific example, the amplitude of the main pulse required to be applied to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ1) can be obtained in the following manner. Specifically, the above-mentioned determination of the amplitude of the first main pulse required to be applied to the first target quantum bit to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ1) (for example, step S201) specifically includes:

[0067] Step S201-1: A pulse that can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 and has a third probability of being the second target probability value in the first preset state is used as the first main pulse. The amplitude of the pulse that can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 and has a third probability of being the second target probability value in the first preset state is the amplitude of the first main pulse.

[0068] Here, it should be pointed out that in this example, the main pulse that realizes the quantum gate Rx(θ1) is

[0069] The pulse length of (ie, the first main pulse) is predetermined and is a known item.

[0070] That is to say, in this example, a method for determining the main pulse for realizing the quantum gate Rx(θ1) is given. In this way, after obtaining the main pulse (such as the first main pulse) for realizing the quantum gate Rx(θ1), the correction pulse with the target amplitude (such as the first target amplitude) determined by the disclosed scheme can be superimposed on the main pulse, so as to use the obtained correction pulse with the target amplitude to compensate for the phase error. In this way, the error is effectively reduced, and at the same time, the assurance degree of the realized quantum gate is improved, thereby laying the foundation for effectively saving quantum resources.

[0071] Further, in a specific example, the second target probability value described above can be determined in the following manner to obtain the first main pulse; specifically, the steps described above are:

[0072] S201-1 may specifically include:

[0073] Step S201 - 1 - 1 : Under a fixed pulse length, adjust the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the first target quantum bit to measure and obtain multiple third probabilities that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state.

[0074] Here, the third probability that the first target quantum bit is in the first preset state is obtained in the following manner: after applying multiple Gaussian pulses to the first target quantum bit in succession, the first target quantum bit is measured to obtain the third probability.

[0075] Furthermore, the amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses applied to the first target quantum bit are the same, and after superposition, the first target quantum bit can be rotated by an angle θ1.

[0076] Further, the number of Gaussian pulses applied successively to the first target quantum bit is related to the angle θ1; further, the number of Gaussian pulses applied successively to the first target quantum bit is related to the multiple relationship between θ1 and π.

[0077] Specifically, in one example, if θ1=π / 2, at this time, the number of Gaussian pulses applied successively to the first target quantum bit is 2; at this time, the third probability that the first target quantum bit is in the first preset state may specifically refer to: the probability obtained after the first Gaussian pulse and the second Gaussian pulse are applied successively to the first target quantum bit and the first target quantum bit is measured; here, the amplitudes of the first Gaussian pulse and the second Gaussian pulse are the same, and the superposition of the first Gaussian pulse and the second Gaussian pulse can cause the first target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ1.

[0078] Step S201-1-2: Determine the second target probability value based on multiple third probabilities.

[0079] For example, the maximum probability value is selected from multiple third probabilities as the second target probability value.

[0080] Step S201 - 1 - 3: Using the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse corresponding to the second target probability value as the amplitude of the first main pulse.

[0081] Further, in a specific example, the step of adjusting the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the first target quantum bit in step S201-1-1 specifically includes:

[0082] The amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses are synchronously adjusted (for example, all Gaussian pulses required to be applied to the first target quantum bit are synchronously adjusted), and the amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses after adjustment are also the same.

[0083] In this way, the disclosed scheme provides a refined method for obtaining the main pulse for realizing the quantum gate Rx(θ1). The scheme is simple, efficient, and has strong interpretability and operability. In this way, it provides support for effectively realizing the compensation and correction of phase errors. At the same time, it also lays the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the realized quantum gate.

[0084] Step S202: Determine the implementation of quantum gate R y (θ1) The amplitude of the second main pulse required to be applied to the first target qubit.

[0085] Here, in one example, the quantum gate R y (θ1) can be understood as a single-bit quantum gate with an angle of θ2; further, it is a single-bit rotation gate.

[0086] Further, in a specific example, the quantum gate Ry(θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the second axis of the Bloch sphere. For example, in one example, the quantum gate Rx(θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the Y axis (or X axis, or Z axis) of the Bloch sphere.

[0087] It should be noted that the quantum gate R y The second axis corresponding to (θ1) and the quantum gate R x The first axis corresponding to (θ1) is different; for example, in one example, the quantum gate R y (θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the Y axis of the Bloch sphere, and the quantum gate R x (θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the X-axis of the Bloch sphere.

[0088] Furthermore, in a specific example, the following method can be used to realize quantum

[0089] The amplitude of the main pulse required to be applied to the gate Ry(θ1). Specifically, the above-mentioned determination of the amplitude of the second main pulse required to be applied to the first target quantum bit to implement the quantum gate Ry(θ1) (for example, step S202) specifically includes:

[0090] The second main pulse is obtained based on the first main pulse applied to the first target quantum bit required to realize the quantum gate Rx(θ1), wherein the amplitude of the second main pulse is obtained based on the amplitude of the first main pulse.

[0091] For example, the first main pulse required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and applied to the first target quantum bit, specifically, the amplitude of the first main pulse, can be directly used as the amplitude of the second main pulse. This process is simple and efficient, and provides strong support for the subsequent efficient acquisition of the first target amplitude.

[0092] Thus, the disclosed solution provides a refined method for obtaining the main pulse for realizing the quantum gate Ry(θ1), which is simple, efficient, and highly interpretable and operable. Thus, it provides support for effectively realizing the compensation and correction of phase errors, and at the same time, it also provides a method for reducing errors,

[0093] This lays the foundation for improving the assurance of the implemented quantum gates.

[0094] Step S203: Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the first target quantum bit Initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse

[0095] Here, the initial superposition pulse It represents the superposition pulse obtained by applying the first correction pulse with the first initial amplitude to the first main pulse (that is, the first main pulse with the amplitude determined in the above manner) of the quantum gate Rx(θ1). Initial superposition pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y The superimposed pulse is obtained by applying the first correction pulse having the first initial amplitude to the second main pulse (i.e., the second main pulse whose amplitude is determined in the above manner) of (θ1). (―θ1) represents the quantum gate R y A superimposed pulse is obtained by applying a first correction pulse having a first initial amplitude to the second main pulse (ie, the second main pulse whose amplitude is determined in the above manner) of (-θ1).

[0096] Here, the first correction pulse is used to be applied to the first target quantum bit to compensate and correct the phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) that the first target quantum bit needs to implement. For example, after the first main pulse is applied to the first target quantum bit, the first correction pulse is applied, or the first correction pulse is superimposed on the first main pulse and applied to the first target quantum bit. In this way, the phase error is compensated and corrected, thereby laying the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the implemented quantum gate.

[0097] Here, in a specific example, the first correction pulse can be specifically a DRAG (Adiabatic Derivative Removal) correction pulse. At this time, the initial superposition pulse It can also be recorded as the initial superposition pulse Accordingly, the initial superposition pulse It can be recorded as the initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse It can be recorded as the initial superposition pulse

[0098] Step S204: adjusting the first initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state is a first target probability value.

[0099] In a specific example, the first target probability value may be determined in the following manner. Specifically, the above-described adjustment of the first initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the first target qubit is in the first preset state is the first target probability value (for example, step S204) specifically includes:

[0100] Step S204 - 1 : adjusting the first initial amplitude to obtain a first change curve.

[0101] Here, the first change curve represents a change curve of the first probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state as the first initial amplitude of the first correction pulse changes. Further, the first probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state may specifically refer to: applying an initial superposition pulse to the first target quantum bit Then, the initial superposition pulse is applied Then, the probability of measuring the first target quantum bit is obtained. For example, an initial superposition pulse is applied to the first target quantum bit. Then, the initial superposition pulse is applied Then, the probability of measuring the first target quantum bit is obtained.

[0102] Step S204 - 2 : adjusting the first initial amplitude to obtain a second variation curve.

[0103] Here, the second variation curve represents a variation curve of the second probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state as the first initial amplitude of the first correction pulse changes. Further, the second probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state may specifically refer to: applying an initial superposition pulse to the first target quantum bit Then, apply the initial superposition pulse After that, the probability of measuring the first target quantum bit is obtained. For example, the initial superposition pulse is applied to the first target quantum bit. (θ1), then apply the initial superposition pulse Then, the probability of measuring the first target quantum bit is obtained.

[0104] Step S204-3: Based on the first change curve and the second change curve, determine the first target probability value that causes the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state.

[0105] Further, in a specific example, the above-described determining the first target probability value for making the first target qubit in a first preset state based on the first change curve and the second change curve may specifically include:

[0106] The first target probability value is obtained based on the intersection of the first change curve and the second change curve.

[0107] In this way, the disclosed scheme provides a refined scheme for obtaining a first target amplitude that meets the requirements by adjusting the amplitude of the correction pulse. The scheme is simple, efficient, highly interpretable, and highly operational. This provides support for effectively realizing compensation and correction of phase errors, and at the same time, lays the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the realized quantum gates.

[0108] Step S205: obtaining a first target amplitude of the first correction pulse based on the first initial amplitude corresponding to the first target probability value.

[0109] For example, in one example, a first initial amplitude corresponding to the intersection of the first change curve and the second change curve is used as the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse.

[0110] Step S206: Determine a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ2).

[0111] Here, the second correction pulse is used to be applied to the second target quantum bit to compensate and correct the phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) required to be implemented by the second target quantum bit; the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 are different.

[0112] Step S207: Based on the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2), a target mapping relationship is obtained; wherein the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

[0113] For example, based on the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2), difference processing is performed to obtain a target mapping relationship.

[0114] In this way, the disclosed scheme provides a specific scheme for obtaining the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, which is simple, efficient, highly interpretable, and highly operational. Thus, it provides support for effectively realizing compensation and correction of phase errors, and at the same time, it also lays the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the realized quantum gates.

[0115] Specifically, Figure 3 The following is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the pulse parameter processing method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 ; The method can be optionally applied to a quantum computing device that has both classical computing capabilities, or can be applied to a classical computing device that has both quantum computing capabilities, or directly applied to a classical computing device, such as a personal computer, server, server cluster, or other electronic device with classical computing capabilities, or directly applied to a quantum computer, and the present disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0116] Further, the method includes at least part of the following contents. Figure 3 As shown, including:

[0117] Step S301: Determine the amplitude of a first main pulse applied to a first target quantum bit required to implement a quantum gate Rx(θ1).

[0118] Here, the scheme for determining the amplitude of the first main pulse can be found in the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0119] Step S302: Determine the implementation of quantum gate R y (θ1) The amplitude of the second main pulse required to be applied to the first target qubit.

[0120] Here, the scheme for determining the amplitude of the second main pulse can be found in the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0121] Step S303: Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the first target quantum bit Initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse

[0122] Here, the initial superposition pulse It represents the superposition pulse obtained by applying the first correction pulse with the first initial amplitude to the first main pulse (that is, the first main pulse with the amplitude determined in the above manner) of the quantum gate Rx(θ1). Initial superposition pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y The superimposed pulse is obtained by applying the first correction pulse having the first initial amplitude to the second main pulse (i.e., the second main pulse whose amplitude is determined in the above manner) of (θ1). (―θ1) represents the quantum gate R y A superimposed pulse is obtained by applying a first correction pulse having a first initial amplitude to the second main pulse (ie, the second main pulse whose amplitude is determined in the above manner) of (-θ1).

[0123] Here, the first correction pulse is used to be applied to the first target quantum bit to compensate and correct the phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) that the first target quantum bit needs to implement; for example, after the first main pulse is applied to the first target quantum bit, the first correction pulse is applied, or the first correction pulse is superimposed on the first main pulse and applied to the first target quantum bit, thereby compensating and correcting the phase error, thereby laying the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the implemented quantum gate.

[0124] Here, the initial superposition pulse Initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse For the description, please refer to the above description, which will not be repeated here.

[0125] Step S304: adjusting the first initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state is a first target probability value.

[0126] Step S305: obtaining a first target amplitude of the first correction pulse based on the first initial amplitude corresponding to the first target probability value.

[0127] Here, the determination scheme of the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse can be referred to the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0128] Step S306: Determine the amplitude of the third main pulse applied to the second target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ2).

[0129] In a specific example, the amplitude of the main pulse required to be applied to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ2) may be obtained in the following manner. The above-mentioned determination of the amplitude of the third main pulse required to be applied to the second target quantum bit to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ2) (for example, step S306) may specifically include:

[0130] Step S306-1: A pulse that can rotate the second target quantum bit by an angle θ2 and that makes the second target quantum bit in the second preset state and has a sixth probability of being the fourth target probability value is used as the third main pulse. The amplitude of the pulse that makes the second target quantum bit in the second preset state and has a sixth probability of being the fourth target probability value is the amplitude of the third main pulse.

[0131] Here, it should be pointed out that, in this example, the pulse length of the main pulse (ie, the third main pulse) for realizing the quantum gate Rx(θ2) is predetermined and is a known item.

[0132] That is to say, in this example, a method for determining the main pulse for realizing the quantum gate Rx(θ2) is given. In this way, after obtaining the main pulse (such as the second main pulse) for realizing the quantum gate Rx(θ2), the correction pulse with the target amplitude (such as the second target amplitude) determined by the disclosed scheme can be superimposed on the main pulse, so as to use the obtained correction pulse with the target amplitude to compensate for the phase error. In this way, the error is effectively reduced and the guarantee degree of the realized quantum gate is improved, thereby laying the foundation for effectively saving quantum resources.

[0133] Further, in a specific example, the fourth target probability value may be obtained in the following manner to obtain the third main pulse; specifically, the above step S306-1 may specifically include:

[0134] Step S306-1-1: Under a fixed pulse length, adjust the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the second target quantum bit to measure and obtain multiple sixth probabilities that the second target quantum bit is in a second preset state.

[0135] Here, the sixth probability that the second target quantum bit is in the first preset state is obtained in the following manner: after applying at least one Gaussian pulse to the second target quantum bit, the second target quantum bit is measured to obtain the sixth probability.

[0136] Further, the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the second target quantum bit is fixed. Further, when there is one Gaussian pulse applied, the one Gaussian pulse can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2. Alternatively, when there are two or more Gaussian pulses applied, the amplitudes of the Gaussian pulses are the same, and the superposition of the two or more Gaussian pulses (that is, the superposition of all Gaussian pulses that need to be applied to the second target quantum bit) can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2.

[0137] Further, the number of Gaussian pulses applied successively to the second target quantum bit is related to the angle θ2; further, the number of Gaussian pulses applied successively to the second target quantum bit is related to the multiple relationship between θ2 and π.

[0138] Specifically, in one example, if θ2=π, at this time, the number of Gaussian pulses applied successively to the second target quantum bit is 1; at this time, the sixth probability that the second target quantum bit is in the first preset state can specifically refer to: the probability obtained after the third Gaussian pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit and the second target quantum bit is measured. Here, the third Gaussian pulse can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2.

[0139] Furthermore, in the case where there are two or more Gaussian pulses applied, adjusting the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the second target quantum bit in step S306-1-1 may specifically include: synchronously adjusting the amplitudes of two or more Gaussian pulses applied (for example, synchronously adjusting all Gaussian pulses required to be applied to the second target quantum bit), and the amplitudes of the adjusted Gaussian pulses are also the same.

[0140] In this way, the disclosed scheme provides a refined method for obtaining the main pulse for realizing the quantum gate Rx(θ2). The scheme is simple, efficient, and has strong interpretability and operability. Thus, it provides support for effectively realizing the compensation and correction of phase errors. At the same time, it also lays the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the realized quantum gate.

[0141] Step S306-1-2: Determine the fourth target probability value based on multiple sixth probabilities.

[0142] For example, the maximum probability value is selected from multiple sixth probabilities as the fourth target probability value.

[0143] Step S307: Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the second target quantum bit Target superposition pulse and target superposition pulse

[0144] Here, the initial superposition pulse It represents the superposition pulse obtained by applying the second correction pulse with the second initial amplitude to the third main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) (that is, the third main pulse with the amplitude determined in the above manner). It represents the superposition pulse obtained by applying the second correction pulse with the first target amplitude to the second main pulse of the quantum gate Ry(θ1) (that is, the second main pulse with the amplitude determined in the above manner). Target superposition pulse It represents the superposition pulse obtained by applying the second correction pulse with the second initial amplitude to the second main pulse of the quantum gate Ry(-θ1) (that is, the second main pulse with the amplitude determined in the above manner).

[0145] Here, the second correction pulse is used to be applied to the second target quantum bit to compensate and correct the phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) that the second target quantum bit needs to implement; for example, after the third main pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit, the second correction pulse is applied, or the second correction pulse is superimposed on the third main pulse and applied to the second target quantum bit. In this way, the phase error is compensated and corrected, thereby laying the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the implemented quantum gate.

[0146] Here, in a specific example, the second correction pulse can be specifically a DRAG (Adiabatic Derivative Removal) correction pulse. In this case, the initial superposition pulse It can also be recorded as the initial superposition pulse Accordingly, the target superimposed pulse Can be recorded as target superposition pulse and target superposition pulse Can be recorded as target superposition pulse

[0147] Step S308: Adjust the second initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is a third target probability value.

[0148] Further, in a specific example, the third target probability value can be determined in the following manner, wherein the above-described adjustment of the second initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the second target qubit is in the second preset state is the third target probability value (for example, step S308) specifically includes:

[0149] Step S308-1: adjusting the second initial amplitude to obtain a third change curve.

[0150] Here, the third variation curve represents a variation curve of the fourth probability of the second target qubit being in the second preset state as the second initial amplitude of the second correction pulse changes. Further, the fourth probability of the second target qubit being in the second preset state may specifically refer to:

[0151] Applying an initial superposition pulse to the second target qubit Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the probability of measuring the second target quantum bit is obtained. For example, an initial superposition pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit. Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the probability of measuring the second target quantum bit is obtained.

[0152] Step S308-2: adjusting the second initial amplitude to obtain a fourth change curve.

[0153] Here, the fourth variation curve represents a variation curve of the fifth probability of the second target qubit being in the second preset state as the second initial amplitude of the second correction pulse changes. Further, the fifth probability of the second target qubit being in the second preset state may specifically refer to: applying an initial superposition pulse to the second target qubit Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the probability of measuring the second target quantum bit is obtained. For example, an initial superposition pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit.

[0154] Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the probability of measuring the second target quantum bit is obtained.

[0155] Step S308-3: Based on the third change curve and the fourth change curve, determine a third target probability value that causes the second target quantum bit to be in a second preset state.

[0156] Further, in a specific example, the above-described determining the third target probability value for making the second target qubit in the second preset state based on the third change curve and the fourth change curve specifically includes:

[0157] A third target probability value is obtained based on the intersection of the third change curve and the fourth change curve.

[0158] In this way, the disclosed scheme provides a refined scheme for obtaining a second target amplitude that meets the requirements by adjusting the amplitude of the correction pulse. The scheme is simple, efficient, highly interpretable, and highly operational. This provides support for effectively realizing compensation and correction of phase errors, and at the same time, lays the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the realized quantum gates.

[0159] Step S309: obtaining a second target amplitude of the second correction pulse based on the second initial amplitude corresponding to the third target probability value.

[0160] For example, in one example, the second initial amplitude corresponding to the intersection of the third change curve and the fourth change curve is used as the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse.

[0161] Step S310: Based on the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2), a target mapping relationship is obtained; wherein the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

[0162] For example, based on the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2), difference processing is performed to obtain a target mapping relationship.

[0163] In this way, the disclosed scheme provides a specific scheme for obtaining the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse. The scheme is simple, efficient, highly interpretable, and highly operational. Thus, it provides support for effectively realizing compensation and correction of phase errors, and at the same time, it also lays the foundation for reducing errors and improving the assurance of the realized quantum gates.

[0164] The present disclosure is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

[0165] In the first part, the target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse corresponding to a given quantum gate (for example, a single-bit quantum gate Rx(π / n)) (for example, denoted by A dx (π / n)) determination scheme; the specific steps include:

[0166] Based on this, DRAG (Adiabatic Derivative Removal) shows that for a specific, the amplitude parameter of the DRAG correction pulse corresponding to the single-bit quantum gate Rx(π / n) can be obtained by the following method:

[0167] Step 1: After applying n Gaussian pulses of the same length but different amplitudes to a given quantum bit in sequence, measure the probability that the given quantum bit is in the 1 state, change the amplitudes of the n Gaussian pulses, and apply them to the given quantum bit in sequence, continue to measure the probability that the given quantum bit is in the 1 state, and after repeating this many times, determine the amplitude of the main pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π / n) based on the probability value.

[0168] Here, n Gaussian pulses of the same length but different amplitudes can rotate a given quantum bit by an angle of π. Furthermore, n Gaussian pulses with changed amplitudes also meet the requirement of "being able to rotate a given quantum bit by an angle of π".

[0169] Step 2: Use the main pulse obtained in step 1 and the determined DRAG correction pulse to obtain the initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse The amplitudes of the DRAG correction pulses in each of the initial superposition pulses obtained are the same.

[0170] Step 3: Using the initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse And by changing the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse in each initial superposition pulse, the target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse is obtained.

[0171] Part 2: Obtain the target mapping relationship to determine the target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse corresponding to any angle; the specific steps include:

[0172] Step 1: Determine the amplitude (corresponding to the first target amplitude) of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the first correction pulse) corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π / 2), recorded as A dx (π / 2); and determine the amplitude (corresponding to the first target amplitude) of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the first correction pulse) corresponding to Ry(π / 2), denoted as A dy (π / 2).

[0173] Step 1.10: Apply a first Gaussian pulse and a second Gaussian pulse to the first target quantum bit in sequence.

[0174] Here, the length (ie, time) of the first Gaussian pulse and the second Gaussian pulse are the same (eg, a preset value) and the amplitude is the same. Further, the superposition of the first Gaussian pulse and the second Gaussian pulse can rotate the target quantum bit by an angle of π.

[0175] Step 1.11: Measure the first target quantum bit to obtain the probability that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state (eg, state 1).

[0176] Step 1.12: Determine whether the first preset number of times has been reached; if so, execute step 1.13; otherwise, change the amplitudes of the first Gaussian pulse and the second Gaussian pulse at the same time, and the amplitude of the changed first Gaussian pulse is also the same as the amplitude of the second Gaussian pulse, and return to step 1.11 to continue to apply the first Gaussian pulse and the second Gaussian pulse with changed amplitudes to the first target quantum bit in succession.

[0177] Step 1.13: From the multiple probabilities (corresponding to the third probability described above) that the first target quantum bit is in the 1 state, determine the target probability (corresponding to the second target probability value described above), for example, determine the maximum probability. Go to step 1.14.

[0178] Step 1.14: The amplitude of the Gaussian pulse corresponding to the target probability is used as the amplitude of the main pulse (corresponding to the first main pulse) corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π / 2). And, based on the amplitude of the main pulse (corresponding to the first main pulse) corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π / 2), the quantum gate R y The amplitude of the main pulse (corresponding to the second main pulse) corresponding to (π / 2) is used as the amplitude of the main pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π / 2). y(π / 2) corresponds to the amplitude of the main pulse.

[0179] It should be noted that the amplitude of the main pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π / 2) is used as the amplitude of the main pulse corresponding to the quantum gate R y (π / 2) corresponds to the amplitude of the main pulse. At this time, the main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(π / 2) is y The main pulse of (π / 2) has the same related pulse parameters (such as length and amplitude).

[0180] Step 1.15: In the quantum gate R x The DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the first correction pulse mentioned above) is superimposed on the main pulse corresponding to (π / 2) to obtain the superimposed pulse, which can be recorded as the initial superimposed pulse Similarly, in the quantum gate R y The DRAG correction pulse (also corresponding to the first correction pulse mentioned above) is superimposed on the main pulse corresponding to (π / 2), and the superimposed pulse can be recorded as the initial superimposed pulse

[0181] It should be noted that the initial superposition pulse The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse can be calculated, for example, by using the initial superposition pulse The relevant parameters of the main pulse in the initial superposition pulse and the relevant parameters of the first target quantum bit are calculated. Further, in a specific example, the initial superposition pulse The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse is different from that of the main pulse, while other pulse parameters, such as length, are the same.

[0182] Accordingly, the initial superposition pulse The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse can be calculated, for example, by using the initial superposition pulse The relevant parameters of the main pulse in the initial superposition pulse and the relevant parameters of the first target quantum bit are calculated. Further, in a specific example, the initial superposition pulse The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse is different from that of its main pulse, while other parameters, such as length, are the same.

[0183] It should be noted that, in one example, the initial superposition pulse The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse is different from the initial superposition pulse The amplitudes of the DRAG correction pulses in are the same, for example, both are the first initial amplitudes.

[0184] Based on this, in one example, the initial superposition pulse represents the superimposed pulse after the DRAG correction pulse with the first initial amplitude is superimposed on the main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(π / 2) (such as the first main pulse obtained in step 1.14). Accordingly, the initial superimposed pulse It represents the superimposed pulse after the DRAG correction pulse with the first initial amplitude is superimposed on the main pulse of the quantum gate Ry(π / 2) (such as the second main pulse obtained in step 1.14).

[0185] Step 1.16: Execute the first experimental procedure, i.e., apply an initial superposition pulse to the first target qubit Then, the initial superposition pulse is applied And measure the first target quantum bit to obtain the probability that the first target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the first probability), for example, Figure 4 As shown, an initial superposition pulse is applied to the first target qubit Then, the initial superposition pulse is applied Finally, a readout pulse is applied to read out (i.e., measure) the state information of the first target quantum bit using the readout pulse. After multiple operations, the probability that the first target quantum bit is in the 1 state can be obtained. The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (i.e., the first initial amplitude) and the change of the initial superposition pulse In other words, the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the first correction pulse) is changed, and the initial superposition pulse with the changed amplitude is applied to the first target quantum bit. Then, the initial superposition pulse with changed amplitude is applied. The first target quantum bit is measured to obtain the probability that the first target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the first probability), and this is repeated until the second preset number of times is reached. Based on the corresponding relationship between the first initial amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse and the probability that the first target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the first probability), a first variation curve of the probability of being in the 1 state (corresponding to the first probability) with the first initial amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the first correction pulse) is drawn.

[0186] Step 1.17: Execute the second experiment process, that is, apply the initial superposition pulse to the first target qubit Then, the initial superposition pulse is applied The first target quantum bit is measured to obtain the probability that the first target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the second probability). The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (i.e., the first initial amplitude) and the change of the initial superposition pulse In other words, the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the first correction pulse) is changed, and the initial superposition pulse with the changed amplitude is applied to the first target quantum bit. Then, the initial superposition pulse with changed amplitude is applied. The first target quantum bit is measured to obtain the probability that the first target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the second probability), and this is repeated until a third preset number of times is reached. Based on the corresponding relationship between the first initial amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse and the probability that the first target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the second probability), a second variation curve of the probability of being in the 1 state (corresponding to the second probability) with the first initial amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the first correction pulse) is drawn.

[0187] Here, the initial superposition pulse represents the superposition pulse after applying the DRAG correction pulse on the main pulse of the quantum gate Ry(-π / 2) (for example, the main pulse of the quantum gate Ry(π / 2), further, the second main pulse of the quantum gate Ry(π / 2) obtained above), which can be based on Directly obtained. For example, the initial superposition pulse It represents a superimposed pulse after a DRAG correction pulse having a first initial amplitude is superimposed on the main pulse of the quantum gate Ry(-π / 2) (for example, the second main pulse obtained in the above step 1.14).

[0188] Step 1.18: Obtain the intersection point between the first transformation curve and the second change curve. At this time, the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse corresponding to the intersection point is the target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse), that is, For example, the horizontal coordinate of the intersection point shown in Figure 5(a) is the target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse.

[0189] Here, the intersection indicates: the initial superposition pulse is applied to the qubit

[0190] Then apply the initial superposition pulse After that, the probability that the qubit is in the 1 state is related to the initial superposition pulse applied to the qubit. Then apply the initial superposition pulse After that, the probability that the quantum bit is in the 1 state is the same. At this time, it means that the DRAG correction pulse can completely eliminate the phase error of the main pulse.

[0191] Step 1.19: Get the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse as the first target amplitude Target superposition pulse And the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse is the first target amplitude Target superposition pulse and get

[0192] The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse is the first target amplitude Target superposition pulse

[0193]

[0194] here,

[0195] Step 2: Determine the amplitude (corresponding to the second target amplitude) of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse) corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π), recorded as And determine the amplitude (corresponding to the second target amplitude) of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse) corresponding to Ry(π), recorded as

[0196] Step 2.10: Apply a third Gaussian pulse to the second target qubit.

[0197] Here, in one example, the second target quantum bit and the first target quantum bit are the same quantum bit.

[0198] Here, the length of the third Gaussian pulse is a preset value, which can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle of π.

[0199] Step 2.11: Measure the second target quantum bit to obtain the probability that the second target quantum bit is in a second preset state (for example, state 1).

[0200] Step 2.12: Determine whether the fourth preset number of times has been reached; if so, execute step 2.13;

[0201] Otherwise, change the amplitude of the third Gaussian pulse and return to step 2.10 to continue applying the third Gaussian pulse to the second target quantum bit.

[0202] Step 2.13: From the multiple probabilities (corresponding to the sixth probability described above) that the second target quantum bit is in the 1 state, determine the target probability (corresponding to the fourth target probability value described above), for example, determine the maximum probability. Go to step 2.14.

[0203] Step 2.14: The amplitude of the Gaussian pulse corresponding to the target probability can be used as the amplitude of the main pulse (corresponding to the third main pulse) corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π).

[0204] Step 2.15: Superimpose the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse) on the main pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(π) (that is, the main pulse obtained in step 2.14, corresponding to the third main pulse) to obtain the superimposed pulse, which can be recorded as the initial superimposed pulse

[0205] It should be noted that the initial superposition pulse The amplitude (corresponding to the second initial amplitude) of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse) can be obtained by calculation, for example, by the initial superposition pulse The relevant parameters of the main pulse (i.e., the main pulse obtained in step 2.14) and the relevant parameters of the second target quantum bit are calculated. Further, in a specific example, the initial superposition pulse The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse is different from that of the main pulse (i.e., the main pulse obtained in step 2.14), while other pulse parameters, such as length, are the same.

[0206] Step 2.16: Execute the experimental process of step 3, that is, apply the initial superposition pulse obtained in step 2.15 to the second target qubit Then apply the target superposition pulse obtained in step 1.19 (That is, the target superimposed pulse The DRAG correction pulse has the first target amplitude), and the second target quantum bit is measured to obtain the probability that the second target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the fourth probability). The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse) (corresponding to the second initial amplitude) is applied to the second target quantum bit with the initial superposition pulse after the amplitude is changed. Then apply the target superposition pulse The second target quantum bit is measured to obtain the probability that the second target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the fourth probability), and this is repeated until the fifth preset number of times is reached. The corresponding relationship between the amplitude (corresponding to the second initial amplitude) of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse) and the probability (corresponding to the fourth probability) that the second target quantum bit is in the 1 state, and the probability (corresponding to the fourth probability) of being in the 1 state is plotted with the initial superposition pulse. FIG. 3 is a third variation curve of the amplitude (corresponding to the second initial amplitude) of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse).

[0207] Step 2.17: Execute the fourth experiment process, that is, apply the initial superposition pulse obtained in step 2.15 to the second target qubit Then apply the target superposition pulse obtained in step 1.19 (That is, the target superimposed pulse The DRAG correction pulse has the first target amplitude), and the second target quantum bit is measured to obtain the probability that the second target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the fifth probability). The amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse) (corresponding to the second initial amplitude) is applied to the second target quantum bit with the initial superposition pulse after the amplitude is changed. Then apply the target superposition pulse The second target quantum bit is measured to obtain the probability that the second target quantum bit is in the 1 state (corresponding to the fifth probability), and this is repeated until the sixth preset number of times is reached. The corresponding relationship between the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse) (i.e., the second initial amplitude) and the probability of the second target quantum bit being in the 1 state (corresponding to the fifth probability), and the probability of being in the 1 state (corresponding to the fifth probability) is plotted as the initial superposition pulse FIG. 4 is a fourth variation curve of the amplitude (corresponding to the second initial amplitude) of the DRAG correction pulse (corresponding to the second correction pulse).

[0208] Step 2.18: Obtain the intersection point between the third transformation curve and the fourth change curve. At this time, the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse corresponding to the intersection point is: The target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse in (corresponding to the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse), that is, For example, the horizontal coordinate of the intersection point shown in Figure 5(b) is the target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse.

[0209] Step 2.19: Get the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse as the second target amplitude Target superposition pulse And the amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse is the second target amplitude Target superposition pulse

[0210] here,

[0211] Step 3: Use the interpolation method to determine the target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse corresponding to any angle, that is, obtain the target mapping relationship between the angle and the target amplitude of the DRAG correction pulse.

[0212] For example, based on the above and Interpolation plots the angles θ and At this time, for any single-bit gate with an angle θ, the amplitude of the corresponding DRAG correction pulse can be obtained according to the target mapping relationship, that is,

[0213] In summary, the disclosed solution effectively saves quantum resources. This is because: compared with the existing solution of calibrating the parameters of the correction pulse by iteration, the disclosed solution does not require a large number of iterative processing or a large number of repeated operations to obtain the target amplitude of the correction pulse corresponding to any angle. Therefore, the disclosed solution saves a lot of calibration costs, is highly efficient, and is conducive to the realization of industrial automation.

[0214] Moreover, the processing results of the disclosed scheme are more accurate. Because: in the existing correction pulse parameter calibration scheme, for the calibration of the bit quantum gate with a small angle, the small angle needs to be spliced ​​into an integer multiple of π, which will inevitably lead to significant decoherence factors in the calibration process, resulting in a considerable error in the amplitude of the correction pulse obtained by calibration. The disclosed scheme can effectively avoid the above problems, and can directly determine the target amplitude of the correction pulse corresponding to the small angle through the obtained target mapping relationship. Therefore, it has high accuracy, which lays the foundation for obtaining a high-fidelity quantum gate.

[0215] Part III: Verification of the effectiveness of the disclosed solution

[0216] FIG6(a) is a curve diagram of the target mapping relationship obtained based on the disclosed solution. As shown in FIG6(a), the curve of the target mapping relationship is approximately a straight line passing through the origin. Further, the target amplitudes of the correction pulses corresponding to three smaller angles, such as π / 4, π / 6, and π / 8, are interpolated and verified. The verification results show that the target amplitudes of the correction pulses corresponding to the angles π / 4, π / 6, and π / 8 fall exactly on the fitted straight line, which is sufficient to illustrate the rationality of the disclosed solution. At the same time, it also illustrates that the target amplitude determined by the disclosed solution is highly accurate.

[0217] Furthermore, as shown in FIG6(b), the Quantum State Tomography (QST) technique is used to express each set of data (i.e., the target amplitude of the correction pulse corresponding to different angles) obtained by using the target mapping relationship of the disclosed solution on the Bloch sphere. The ideal effect is: assuming that the initial state is the 0 state, the several sets of correction pulses obtained according to the disclosed solution will cause the corresponding final state to remain on or around the 0° longitude of the Bloch sphere. The reason for this phenomenon is that the introduction of the DRAG correction pulse can erase the phase error under ideal conditions. The effect diagram shown in FIG6(b) is sufficient to further illustrate the effectiveness of the disclosed solution. In addition, FIG6(c) is a simulation effect diagram, and the effect diagram shown in FIG6(c) is also sufficient to further illustrate the effectiveness of the disclosed solution.

[0218] The disclosed solution also provides a pulse parameter processing device, such as Figure 7 As shown, including:

[0219] A first processing unit 701 is used to determine a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ1); wherein the first correction pulse is applied to a first target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) required to be implemented by the first target quantum bit;

[0220] A second processing unit 702 is used to determine a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the second correction pulse is applied to a second target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) required to be implemented by the second target quantum bit; and the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 are different;

[0221] The data fitting unit 703 is used to obtain a target mapping relationship based on the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

[0222] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the device further includes: a target amplitude determination unit; wherein the target amplitude determination unit is further used to:

[0223] Get the target angle θ * ;

[0224] Based on the target mapping relationship, we can obtain the quantum gate Rx(θ * )’s target amplitude of the correction pulse;

[0225] Here, the correction pulse with the target amplitude is connected to the quantum gate Rx(θ * ) is superimposed and applied to the physical quantum bit, and the quantum gate Rx(θ * ).

[0226] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the first processing unit is specifically used to:

[0227] Determining the amplitude of a first main pulse applied to the first target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ1);

[0228] Determine the realization of quantum gate R y (θ1) the amplitude of the second main pulse to be applied to the first target qubit;

[0229] Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the first target quantum bit Initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse Among them, the initial superposition pulse represents a superposition pulse obtained by applying a first correction pulse having a first initial amplitude to the first main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(θ1), the initial superposition pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y The superimposed pulse obtained by applying the first correction pulse having the first initial amplitude to the second main pulse of (θ1) is Indicates that in the quantum gate R y A superimposed pulse obtained by applying a first correction pulse having a first initial amplitude to the second main pulse of (-θ1);

[0230] Adjusting the first initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state is a first target probability value;

[0231] The first target amplitude is obtained based on a first initial amplitude corresponding to the first target probability value.

[0232] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the first processing unit is specifically used to:

[0233] The first initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a first variation curve, wherein the first variation curve represents a variation curve of a first probability of the first target quantum bit being in a first preset state as the first initial amplitude of the first correction pulse changes; wherein the first probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state is a function of applying an initial superposition pulse to the first target quantum bit. Then, the initial superposition pulse is applied Then, the first target quantum bit is measured;

[0234] The first initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a second variation curve, wherein the second variation curve represents a variation curve of a second probability of the first target quantum bit being in a first preset state as the first initial amplitude of the first correction pulse changes; wherein the second probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state is a function of applying an initial superposition pulse to the first target quantum bit. Then, apply the initial superposition pulse Then, the first target quantum bit is measured;

[0235] Based on the first change curve and the second change curve, the first target probability value that causes the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is determined.

[0236] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the first processing unit is specifically used to:

[0237] The first target probability value is obtained based on the intersection of the first change curve and the second change curve.

[0238] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the first processing unit is specifically used to:

[0239] A pulse that can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 and whose third probability of causing the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is a second target probability value is used as the first main pulse, wherein the amplitude of the pulse that can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 and whose third probability of causing the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is the second target probability value is the amplitude of the first main pulse.

[0240] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the first processing unit is further used to:

[0241] Under the condition of a fixed pulse length, the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the first target quantum bit is adjusted to measure a plurality of third probabilities that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state; wherein the third probabilities that the first target quantum bit is in the first preset state are obtained after applying a plurality of Gaussian pulses to the first target quantum bit in succession and measuring the first target quantum bit; the amplitudes of the plurality of Gaussian pulses are the same, and the plurality of Gaussian pulses can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 after being superimposed;

[0242] The second target probability value is determined based on a plurality of third probabilities.

[0243] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the first processing unit is specifically used to:

[0244] The amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses are synchronously adjusted, and the amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses after adjustment are the same.

[0245] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the first processing unit is specifically used to:

[0246] The second main pulse is obtained based on the first main pulse applied to the first target quantum bit required to realize the quantum gate Rx(θ1), wherein the amplitude of the second main pulse is obtained based on the amplitude of the first main pulse.

[0247] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the second processing unit is specifically used to:

[0248] Determining the amplitude of a third main pulse applied to the second target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ2);

[0249] Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the second target quantum bit Target superposition pulse and target superposition pulse Among them, the initial superposition pulse represents a superposition pulse obtained by applying a second correction pulse having a second initial amplitude to the third main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(θ2), the target superposition pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y The superimposed pulse obtained by applying the second correction pulse with the first target amplitude to the second main pulse of (θ1), the target superimposed pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y A superimposed pulse obtained by applying a second correction pulse having a second initial amplitude to a second main pulse of (-θ1);

[0250] Adjusting the second initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is a third target probability value;

[0251] The second target amplitude is obtained based on the second initial amplitude corresponding to the third target probability value.

[0252] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the second processing unit is specifically used to:

[0253] The second initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a third change curve, wherein the third change curve represents a change curve of the fourth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state as the second initial amplitude of the second correction pulse changes; wherein the fourth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state is when the initial superposition pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the second target quantum bit is measured;

[0254] The second initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a fourth change curve, wherein the fourth change curve represents a change curve of the fifth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state as the second initial amplitude of the second correction pulse changes; wherein the fifth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state is when the initial superposition pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit. Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the second target quantum bit is measured;

[0255] Based on the third change curve and the fourth change curve, a third target probability value for causing the second target quantum bit to be in a second preset state is determined.

[0256] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the second processing unit is specifically used to:

[0257] The third target probability value is obtained based on the intersection of the third change curve and the fourth change curve.

[0258] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the second processing unit is specifically used to:

[0259] A pulse that can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2 and whose sixth probability is the fourth target probability value so that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is used as the third main pulse, wherein the amplitude of the pulse whose sixth probability is the fourth target probability value so that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is the amplitude of the third main pulse.

[0260] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the second processing unit is further used to:

[0261] In the case of a fixed pulse length, the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the second target quantum bit is adjusted to measure a plurality of sixth probabilities that the second target quantum bit is in a second preset state; the sixth probability that the second target quantum bit is in the first preset state is obtained after applying at least one Gaussian pulse to the second target quantum bit and measuring the second target quantum bit; the at least one Gaussian pulse can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2;

[0262] The fourth target probability value is determined based on a plurality of sixth probabilities.

[0263] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 are in a multiple relationship.

[0264] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the angle θ1 is π / n; and / or the angle θ2 is π.

[0265] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the angle θ1 is π / 2.

[0266] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the quantum gate Rx(θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the first axis of the Bloch sphere;

[0267] and / or,

[0268] The quantum gate Rx(θ2) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ2 around the first axis of the Bloch sphere.

[0269] For the description of the specific functions and examples of each unit of the device in the embodiment of the present disclosure, reference can be made to the relevant description of the corresponding steps in the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0270] In the technical solution disclosed herein, the acquisition, storage and application of user personal information involved are in compliance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0271] The disclosed solution also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which, when executed by at least one quantum processing unit, causes the at least one quantum processing unit to execute the above method of applying the quantum computing device.

[0272] The disclosed solution also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described above for application to a classical computing device;

[0273] Alternatively, the computer program, when executed by at least one quantum processing unit, implements the method described for application to a quantum computing device.

[0274] The disclosed solution also provides a quantum computing device, the quantum computing device comprising:

[0275] at least one quantum processing unit;

[0276] a memory coupled to the at least one QPU and configured to store executable instructions,

[0277] The instructions are executed by the at least one quantum processing unit to enable the at least one quantum processing unit to perform the method described for application to a quantum computing device.

[0278] It can be understood that the quantum processing unit (QPU) used in the disclosed solution, which may also be called a quantum processor or a quantum chip, may involve a physical chip including a plurality of quantum bits interconnected in a specific manner.

[0279] Moreover, it is understood that the quantum bit described in the present disclosure may refer to the basic information unit of a quantum computing device. The quantum bit is contained in the QPU and generalizes the concept of the classical digital bit.

[0280] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides a computing device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0281] Figure 8 A schematic block diagram of an example computing device 800 that can be used to implement an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The computing device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The computing device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or required herein.

[0282] like Figure 8 As shown, the device 800 includes a computing unit 801, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 802 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 808 into a random access memory (RAM) 803. In the RAM 803, various programs and data required for the operation of the device 800 can also be stored. The computing unit 801, the ROM 802, and the RAM 803 are connected to each other via a bus 804. An input / output (I / O) interface 805 is also connected to the bus 804.

[0283] A number of components in the device 800 are connected to the I / O interface 805, including: an input unit 806, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 807, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 808, such as a disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 809, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 809 allows the device 800 to exchange information / data with other devices through a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0284] The computing unit 801 may be a variety of general and / or special processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 801 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, digital signal processors (DSPs), and any appropriate processors, controllers, microcontrollers, etc. The computing unit 801 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the pulse parameter processing method. For example, in some embodiments, the pulse parameter processing method may be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit 808. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the device 800 via the ROM 802 and / or the communication unit 809. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 803 and executed by the computing unit 801, one or more steps of the pulse parameter processing method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 801 may be configured to perform the pulse parameter processing method in any other appropriate manner (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0285] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), systems on chips (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations can include: being implemented in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0286] The program code for implementing the method of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, so that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, enables the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine as a stand-alone software package, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0287] In the context of the present disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or equipment. A machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A more specific example of a machine-readable storage medium may include an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0288] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0289] The systems and techniques described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such back-end components, middleware components, or front-end components. The components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the Internet.

[0290] A computer system may include a client and a server. The client and the server are generally remote from each other and usually interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server is generated by computer programs running on respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server may be a cloud server, a server of a distributed system, or a server combined with a blockchain.

[0291] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps recorded in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this document does not limit this.

[0292] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the principles of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A pulse parameter processing method, comprising: Determine a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ1); wherein the first correction pulse is applied to a first target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) required to be implemented by the first target quantum bit; Determine a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the second correction pulse is applied to a second target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) required to be implemented by the second target quantum bit; the angle θ1 is different from the angle θ2; the angle θ1 is in a multiple relationship with the angle θ2; Based on the first target amplitude of the first correction pulse, the second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and the relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2), a target mapping relationship is obtained; wherein the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Get the target angle θ * ; Based on the target mapping relationship, we can obtain the quantum gate Rx(θ * )’s target amplitude of the correction pulse; Here, the correction pulse with the target amplitude is connected to the quantum gate Rx(θ * ) is superimposed and applied to the physical quantum bit, and the quantum gate Rx(θ * ).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The step of determining a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ1) comprises: Determining the amplitude of a first main pulse applied to the first target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ1); Determine the realization of quantum gate R y (θ1) the amplitude of the second main pulse to be applied to the first target qubit; Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the first target quantum bit Initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse Among them, the initial superposition pulse represents a superposition pulse obtained by applying a first correction pulse having a first initial amplitude to the first main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(θ1), the initial superposition pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y The superimposed pulse obtained by applying the first correction pulse having the first initial amplitude to the second main pulse of (θ1) is Indicates that in the quantum gate R y A superimposed pulse obtained by applying a first correction pulse having a first initial amplitude to the second main pulse of (-θ1); Adjusting the first initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state is a first target probability value; The first target amplitude is obtained based on a first initial amplitude corresponding to the first target probability value.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The adjusting the first initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state is a first target probability value includes: The first initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a first variation curve, wherein the first variation curve represents a variation curve of a first probability of the first target quantum bit being in a first preset state as the first initial amplitude of the first correction pulse changes; wherein the first probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state is a function of applying an initial superposition pulse to the first target quantum bit. Then, the initial superposition pulse is applied Then, the first target quantum bit is measured; The first initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a second variation curve, wherein the second variation curve represents a variation curve of a second probability of the first target quantum bit being in a first preset state as the first initial amplitude of the first correction pulse changes; wherein the second probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state is a function of applying an initial superposition pulse to the first target quantum bit. Then, apply the initial superposition pulse Then, the first target quantum bit is measured; Based on the first change curve and the second change curve, the first target probability value that causes the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is determined.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The determining, based on the first change curve and the second change curve, the first target probability value that causes the first target qubit to be in a first preset state includes: The first target probability value is obtained based on the intersection of the first change curve and the second change curve.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: The determining the amplitude of the first main pulse applied to the first target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ1) comprises: A pulse that can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 and whose third probability of causing the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is a second target probability value is used as the first main pulse, wherein the amplitude of the pulse that can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 and whose third probability of causing the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is the second target probability value is the amplitude of the first main pulse.

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising: Under the condition of a fixed pulse length, the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the first target quantum bit is adjusted to measure a plurality of third probabilities that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state; wherein the third probabilities that the first target quantum bit is in the first preset state are obtained after applying a plurality of Gaussian pulses to the first target quantum bit in succession and measuring the first target quantum bit; the amplitudes of the plurality of Gaussian pulses are the same, and the plurality of Gaussian pulses can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 after being superimposed; The second target probability value is determined based on a plurality of third probabilities.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The adjusting the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the first target quantum bit includes: The amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses are synchronized, and the amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses after adjustment are the same.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The determination implements the quantum gate R y (θ1) the amplitude of the second main pulse required to be applied to the first target qubit, including: The second main pulse is obtained based on the first main pulse applied to the first target quantum bit required to realize the quantum gate Rx(θ1), wherein the amplitude of the second main pulse is obtained based on the amplitude of the first main pulse.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The determining of a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ2) comprises: Determining the amplitude of a third main pulse applied to the second target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ2); Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the second target quantum bit Target superposition pulse and target superposition pulse Among them, the initial superposition pulse represents a superposition pulse obtained by applying a second correction pulse having a second initial amplitude to the third main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(θ2), the target superposition pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y The superimposed pulse obtained by applying the second correction pulse with the first target amplitude to the second main pulse of (θ1), the target superimposed pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y A superimposed pulse obtained by applying a second correction pulse having a second initial amplitude to a second main pulse of (-θ1); Adjusting the second initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is a third target probability value; The second target amplitude is obtained based on the second initial amplitude corresponding to the third target probability value.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The adjusting the second initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is a third target probability value includes: The second initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a third change curve, wherein the third change curve represents a change curve of the fourth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state as the second initial amplitude of the second correction pulse changes; wherein the fourth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state is when the initial superposition pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the second target quantum bit is measured; The second initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a fourth change curve, wherein the fourth change curve represents a change curve of the fifth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state as the second initial amplitude of the second correction pulse changes; wherein the fifth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state is when the initial superposition pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit. Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the second target quantum bit is measured; Based on the third change curve and the fourth change curve, a third target probability value for causing the second target quantum bit to be in a second preset state is determined.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The determining, based on the third change curve and the fourth change curve, a third target probability value for causing the second target qubit to be in a second preset state comprises: The third target probability value is obtained based on the intersection of the third change curve and the fourth change curve.

13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein: The determining the amplitude of the third main pulse applied to the second target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ2) comprises: A pulse that can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2 and whose sixth probability is the fourth target probability value so that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is used as the third main pulse, wherein the amplitude of the pulse whose sixth probability is the fourth target probability value so that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is the amplitude of the third main pulse.

14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: In the case of a fixed pulse length, the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the second target quantum bit is adjusted to measure a plurality of sixth probabilities that the second target quantum bit is in a second preset state; the sixth probability that the second target quantum bit is in the first preset state is obtained after applying at least one Gaussian pulse to the second target quantum bit and measuring the second target quantum bit; the at least one Gaussian pulse can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2; The fourth target probability value is determined based on a plurality of sixth probabilities.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, 10-12, wherein: The angle θ1 is π / n; and / or the angle θ2 is π.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The angle θ1 is π / 2.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, 10-12, wherein: The quantum gate Rx(θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the first axis of the Bloch sphere; and / or, The quantum gate Rx(θ2) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ2 around the first axis of the Bloch sphere.

18. A pulse parameter processing device, comprising: A first processing unit is used to determine a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ1); wherein the first correction pulse is used to be applied to a first target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) required to be implemented by the first target quantum bit; A second processing unit is used to determine a second target amplitude of a second correction pulse corresponding to the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the second correction pulse is applied to a second target quantum bit to compensate for and correct a phase error of the quantum gate Rx(θ2) required to be implemented by the second target quantum bit; the angle θ1 is different from the angle θ2; and the angle θ1 is in a multiple relationship with the angle θ2; A data fitting unit is used to obtain a target mapping relationship based on a first target amplitude of a first correction pulse, a second target amplitude of the second correction pulse, and a relationship between the angles of the quantum gate Rx(θ1) and the quantum gate Rx(θ2); wherein the target mapping relationship is used to characterize the mapping relationship between the value of the angle θ of the quantum gate Rx(θ) and the target amplitude of the correction pulse.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising: A target amplitude determination unit; wherein the target amplitude determination unit is further used to: Get the target angle θ * ; Based on the target mapping relationship, we can obtain the quantum gate Rx(θ * )’s target amplitude of the correction pulse; Here, the correction pulse with the target amplitude is connected to the quantum gate Rx(θ * ) is superimposed and applied to the physical quantum bit, and the quantum gate Rx(θ * ).

20. The device according to claim 18, wherein The first processing unit is specifically configured to: Determining the amplitude of a first main pulse applied to the first target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ1); Determine the realization of quantum gate R y (θ1) the amplitude of the second main pulse to be applied to the first target qubit; Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the first target quantum bit Initial superposition pulse and the initial superposition pulse Among them, the initial superposition pulse represents a superposition pulse obtained by applying a first correction pulse having a first initial amplitude to the first main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(θ1), the initial superposition pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y The superimposed pulse obtained by applying the first correction pulse having the first initial amplitude to the second main pulse of (θ1) is Indicates that in the quantum gate R y A superimposed pulse obtained by applying a first correction pulse having a first initial amplitude to the second main pulse of (-θ1); Adjusting the first initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state is a first target probability value; The first target amplitude is obtained based on a first initial amplitude corresponding to the first target probability value.

21. The device according to claim 20, wherein: The first processing unit is specifically configured to: The first initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a first variation curve, wherein the first variation curve represents a variation curve of a first probability of the first target quantum bit being in a first preset state as the first initial amplitude of the first correction pulse changes; wherein the first probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state is a function of applying an initial superposition pulse to the first target quantum bit. Then, the initial superposition pulse is applied Then, the first target quantum bit is measured; The first initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a second variation curve, wherein the second variation curve represents a variation curve of a second probability of the first target quantum bit being in a first preset state as the first initial amplitude of the first correction pulse changes; wherein the second probability of the first target quantum bit being in the first preset state is a function of applying an initial superposition pulse to the first target quantum bit. Then, apply the initial superposition pulse Then, the first target quantum bit is measured; Based on the first change curve and the second change curve, the first target probability value that causes the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is determined.

22. The device according to claim 21, wherein The first processing unit is specifically configured to: The first target probability value is obtained based on the intersection of the first change curve and the second change curve.

23. The device according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein: The first processing unit is specifically configured to: A pulse that can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 and whose third probability of causing the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is a second target probability value is used as the first main pulse, wherein the amplitude of the pulse that can rotate the first target quantum bit by an angle θ1 and whose third probability of causing the first target quantum bit to be in a first preset state is the second target probability value is the amplitude of the first main pulse.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the first processing unit is further configured to: In the case of a fixed pulse length, the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the first target quantum bit is adjusted to measure a plurality of third probabilities that the first target quantum bit is in a first preset state; wherein, The third probability that the first target quantum bit is in the first preset state is obtained after applying multiple Gaussian pulses to the first target quantum bit in succession and measuring the first target quantum bit; the multiple Gaussian pulses have the same amplitude, and the multiple Gaussian pulses can cause the first target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ1 after superposition; The second target probability value is determined based on a plurality of third probabilities.

25. The device according to claim 24, wherein: The first processing unit is specifically configured to: The amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses are synchronously adjusted, and the amplitudes of the multiple Gaussian pulses after adjustment are the same.

26. The device according to claim 23, wherein The first processing unit is specifically configured to: The second main pulse is obtained based on the first main pulse applied to the first target quantum bit required to realize the quantum gate Rx(θ1), wherein the amplitude of the second main pulse is obtained based on the amplitude of the first main pulse.

27. The device according to claim 18, wherein The second processing unit is specifically configured to: Determining the amplitude of a third main pulse applied to the second target quantum bit required to implement the quantum gate Rx(θ2); Determine the initial superposition pulse to be applied to the second target quantum bit Target superposition pulse and target superposition pulse Among them, the initial superposition pulse represents a superposition pulse obtained by applying a second correction pulse having a second initial amplitude to the third main pulse of the quantum gate Rx(θ2), the target superposition pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y The superimposed pulse obtained by applying the second correction pulse with the first target amplitude to the second main pulse of (θ1), the target superimposed pulse Indicates that in the quantum gate R y A superimposed pulse obtained by applying a second correction pulse having a second initial amplitude to a second main pulse of (-θ1); Adjusting the second initial amplitude so that the measured probability that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is a third target probability value; The second target amplitude is obtained based on the second initial amplitude corresponding to the third target probability value.

28. The device according to claim 27, wherein The second processing unit is specifically configured to: The second initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a third change curve, wherein the third change curve represents a change curve of the fourth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state as the second initial amplitude of the second correction pulse changes; wherein the fourth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state is when the initial superposition pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the second target quantum bit is measured; The second initial amplitude is adjusted to obtain a fourth change curve, wherein the fourth change curve represents a change curve of the fifth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state as the second initial amplitude of the second correction pulse changes; wherein the fifth probability of the second target quantum bit being in the second preset state is when the initial superposition pulse is applied to the second target quantum bit. Then apply the target superposition pulse Then, the second target quantum bit is measured; Based on the third change curve and the fourth change curve, a third target probability value for causing the second target quantum bit to be in a second preset state is determined.

29. The device according to claim 28, wherein The second processing unit is specifically configured to: The third target probability value is obtained based on the intersection of the third change curve and the fourth change curve.

30. The device according to any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein: The second processing unit is specifically configured to: A pulse that can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2 and whose sixth probability is the fourth target probability value so that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is used as the third main pulse, wherein the amplitude of the pulse whose sixth probability is the fourth target probability value so that the second target quantum bit is in the second preset state is the amplitude of the third main pulse.

31. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the second processing unit is further configured to: In the case of a fixed pulse length, the amplitude of the Gaussian pulse applied to the second target quantum bit is adjusted to measure a plurality of sixth probabilities that the second target quantum bit is in a second preset state; the sixth probability that the second target quantum bit is in the first preset state is obtained after applying at least one Gaussian pulse to the second target quantum bit and measuring the second target quantum bit; the at least one Gaussian pulse can cause the second target quantum bit to rotate by an angle θ2; The fourth target probability value is determined based on a plurality of sixth probabilities.

32. The device according to any one of claims 18 to 22, 27 to 29, wherein: The angle θ1 is π / n; and / or the angle θ2 is π.

33. The device according to claim 32, wherein: The angle θ1 is π / 2.

34. The device according to any one of claims 18 to 22, 27 to 29, wherein: The quantum gate Rx(θ1) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 around the first axis of the Bloch sphere; and / or, The quantum gate Rx(θ2) represents the quantum gate corresponding to the rotation angle θ2 around the first axis of the Bloch sphere.

35. A computing device comprising: At least one quantum processing unit QPU; a memory coupled to the at least one QPU and configured to store executable instructions, The instructions are executed by the at least one QPU to enable the at least one QPU to perform the method of any one of claims 1-17; Or, include: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

36. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that: When executed by at least one quantum processing unit, the computer instructions cause the at least one quantum processing unit to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17; Alternatively, the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-17.

37. A computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by at least one quantum processing unit, implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17; Or the computer program implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17 when executed by a processor.

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