A special equipment for machining volutes with a positioning device

Abstract

This invention provides a dedicated machining equipment for volute housings with a positioning device, characterized by comprising a tool pre-positioning device, a spindle head, a worktable, a main body, a volute housing bottom support device, volute housing left and right clamping devices, and a volute housing front and rear positioning device. The tool pre-positioning device is detachably connected to the spindle head, which is located on the upper part of the main body. The worktable is located at the front of the main body, and the volute housing bottom support device, left and right clamping devices, and front and rear positioning devices are detachably mounted on the worktable. By combining the pre-positioning process with the machining process through the tool pre-positioning device, the degree of integration between volute housing positioning and volute housing machining is improved, solving the problem of insufficient flexibility in volute housing machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of volute machining, specifically to a special machine for volute machining with a positioning device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous and rapid development of the automotive industry, especially the breakthroughs achieved by new energy vehicles in recent years, traditional fuel vehicles have faced significant challenges. The future will likely see a coexistence of fuel-powered and new energy vehicles. The development of new energy vehicles has also placed new demands on fuel-powered vehicles in terms of energy efficiency. Turbochargers have become the primary focus for improving energy efficiency, necessitating performance enhancements starting with turbocharger quality. As a key structural component of turbochargers, the quality of the turbine housing is paramount. Therefore, the safety, reliability, and long-term operation of turbine housing processing equipment have become paramount.

[0003] In the machining process of a one-piece turbine housing, there is an intake flange machining step. Each intake flange at the intake end of the one-piece turbine housing needs to be machined so that the turbine housing connects to the vehicle's exhaust system via the intake flange. In existing technology, the side of the intake flange is often used to position the one-piece turbine housing during intake flange machining, and the flange surface is then machined. However, because the manufacturing precision requirements for the outer mold of the turbine housing are lower than those for the inner core, there are significant casting deviations between the outer mold and the inner core. Furthermore, there are casting deviations between the sides of multiple intake flanges. Using the side of the intake flange for positioning cannot effectively position the turbine housing. This results in the flange surface of the turbine housing not being level after fixing, leading to problems such as front-to-back and left-to-right tilting of the flange surface after machining, and misalignment of the flange hole positions. This results in a high product defect rate and affects assembly.

[0004] Patent application CN202021162890.3 discloses a positioning device for machining a one-piece volute inlet flange, including a base, positioning columns, a positioning plate, a first driving component, and a second driving component. The number of positioning columns is equal to the number of inlet flanges. The positioning columns are cylindrical, and each column can be inserted into the air passage at each inlet end of the one-piece volute to position the flange. The positioning plate is fixedly connected to multiple positioning columns. The first driving component is driven by the positioning plate and moves the positioning plate back and forth along the radial direction of the positioning columns to move the columns closer to or further away from the air passages. The second driving component is mounted on the first driving component and driven by the positioning plate, and moves the positioning plate up and down along the axial direction of the positioning columns to insert or remove the columns from the air passages. This solution uses the first and second driving components to drive the positioning plate, moving the positioning columns so that they are inserted into the air passages of the one-piece volute to position the flange. Although the solution uses an internal mold to position the volute shell to be machined, it suffers from technical problems such as low integration of positioning and machining and insufficient fixture flexibility, which affect machining efficiency and the need for flexible machining. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a special equipment for machining volute shells with a positioning device, which solves the technical problems of low integration between positioning and machining and insufficient flexibility of fixtures in the machining of integral volute shells.

[0006] A specialized machining equipment for volute housings with a positioning device is characterized by comprising a tool pre-positioning device, a spindle head, a worktable, a main body, a volute housing bottom support device, volute housing left and right clamping devices, and a volute housing front and rear positioning device. The tool pre-positioning device is detachably connected to the spindle head, which is located on the upper part of the main body. The worktable is located at the front of the main body, and the volute housing bottom support device, left and right clamping devices, and front and rear positioning devices are detachably mounted on the worktable. By combining the pre-positioning process with the machining process through the tool pre-positioning device, the integration of volute housing positioning and machining is improved, solving the problem of insufficient flexibility in volute housing machining.

[0007] In this invention, the tool pre-positioning device includes a positioning connector, an airway positioning rod, an airway positioning head, and an airway positioning support.

[0008] In this embodiment, one end of the positioning connector is detachably connected to the spindle head, and the other end is detachably connected to one end of the airway positioning rod, so as to adapt to the different heights of the airway of the volute after positioning and clamping by changing the airway positioning rod of different lengths.

[0009] In this embodiment, the side profile of the other end of the airway positioning head matches the airway inlet profile of the vortex housing. The other end of the airway positioning rod is detachably connected to one end of the airway positioning head so as to adapt to different sizes of airway profiles by using airway positioning heads of different specifications.

[0010] In this embodiment, by using a spiral connection between the airway positioning support and the airway positioning rod, and by changing the extension amount of the airway positioning support, the positioning height between the upper surface of the volute and the airway positioning head can be adapted.

[0011] In this invention, the bottom support device of the vortex shell includes a support shell, a left cover, a first support column, a first planar cam, a first push-pull rod, a second support column, a second planar cam, a second push-pull rod, a third support column, a third planar cam, and a third push-pull rod.

[0012] In this invention, the left cover is tightly fitted and fixedly connected to the left side of the supporting housing.

[0013] In this embodiment, a detachable connection is used between the bottom of the support housing and the worktable to facilitate changing the installation position of the bottom support device of the vortex housing.

[0014] In this embodiment, the first support column is pushed upward by a first planar cam, a corresponding cam guide rail, a first push-pull rod, and a first adjusting nut set on the first accommodating cavity.

[0015] Specifically, rotating the first adjusting nut causes the first planar cam to move and lift the first support column via the first push-pull rod.

[0016] In this embodiment, the upward movement of the second support column is achieved by the second planar cam, the corresponding cam guide rail, the second push-pull rod, and the second adjusting nut set on the second accommodating cavity.

[0017] Specifically, rotating the second adjusting nut causes the second planar cam to move and lift the second support column via the second push-pull rod.

[0018] In this embodiment, the upward movement of the third support column is achieved by the third planar cam, the corresponding cam guide rail, the third push-pull rod, and the third adjusting nut set on the third accommodating cavity.

[0019] Specifically, rotating the third adjusting nut causes the third push-pull rod to pull the third planar cam to move and lift the third support column.

[0020] In this embodiment, the first adjusting nut, the second adjusting nut, and the third adjusting nut are rotated in reverse order, respectively, which in turn cause the first planar cam, the second planar cam, and the third planar cam to move via the first push-pull rod, the second push-pull rod, and the third push-pull rod, so that the first support column, the second support column, and the third support column fall under the action of gravity.

[0021] In this invention, the vortex shell left and right clamping device includes a left curved surface clamping body, a right curved surface clamping body, a left connector, a right connector, a left cylinder, a right cylinder, a left support, and a right support.

[0022] In this embodiment, the inner surfaces of the left and right curved clamping bodies are shaped to fit the outer mold of the corresponding vortex shell. At the same time, by setting the radius of curvature of their curved surfaces to be no less than the radius of curvature of the corresponding position on the outer mold of the corresponding vortex shell, a tight and reliable clamping of the outer mold of the vortex shell in the left and right directions is achieved.

[0023] In this embodiment, by sequentially fixing the left curved clamping body, the left connector, the left cylinder, and the left support, the left support is detachably connected to the worktable, ensuring the reliable fixation of the left clamping device.

[0024] In this embodiment, by sequentially fixing the right-side curved clamping body, the right-side connector, the right-side cylinder, and the right-side support, the right-side support is detachably connected to the worktable, ensuring the reliable fixation of the right-side clamping device.

[0025] In this embodiment, the problem of left and right clamping during the volute machining process is solved by the reliable fixation of the left and right clamping device for the volute.

[0026] This invention solves the technical problem of front-to-back positioning and clamping of the vortex shell by using a base unit, a rear positioning unit, and a front positioning unit set up by the front and rear positioning device of the vortex shell.

[0027] Specifically, the present invention provides a base unit including front and rear supports and front and rear positioning unit brackets, and detachably connects the bottom of the front and rear supports to the worktable, thereby enabling the variable installation of the volute front and rear positioning device.

[0028] The present invention achieves the fixation of the front and rear positioning units by fixing the upper part of the front and rear supports to the front and rear positioning unit brackets, and by setting the rear and front bracket arms extending backward on the front and rear positioning unit brackets.

[0029] Specifically, the present invention fixes the front positioning unit and the rear positioning unit by setting a rear positioning unit mounting hole that is horizontally arranged with the axis along the front-rear direction on the rear frame arm and a front positioning unit mounting hole that is horizontally arranged with the axis along the front-rear direction on the rear frame arm.

[0030] In this invention, the positioning problem of the front cavity of the vortex shell is solved by a front positioning unit.

[0031] Specifically, the front positioning housing is fixedly installed horizontally in the mounting hole of the front positioning unit, completing the circumferential positioning of the components inside the front positioning housing. The sliding of the components inside the front positioning housing in the front-rear direction is achieved through a central shaft guide portion on the outside of the central shaft and a matching outer shell guide portion on the inside of the front positioning housing along the axial direction. The front unit cover is detachably connected to the front end face of the front positioning housing, and the sliding boundary of the central shaft is formed by the protrusion of the outer shell guide portion and the front unit cover. The limitation of the sliding boundary ensures the range of sliding of the central shaft in the front-rear direction. When the central shaft is at its foremost position, the entire front positioning unit retracts to the front side of the front arm; when the central shaft is at its rearmost position, the entire front positioning unit extends to the front side of the front arm; at this time, the nut locking bracket section remains on the rear side of the front arm. This prevents the front positioning unit from extending beyond the rear side of the front arm in the front-rear direction before the volute housing is positioned, thus avoiding problems with the insertion of the volute housing between the front and rear arms.

[0032] Specifically, this invention achieves axial positioning of other components through a central shaft, a return spring, and a boom ring coaxially arranged in sequence. The inner end of the boom and the rear end of the spindle are positioned in abutting contact; the middle section of the boom is connected to the central shaft via hinge one; and the outer end of the boom is connected to the clamping arc plate via hinge two, thus achieving tight fixation of the inner wall of the vortex housing's front cavity. By setting a spindle freely passing through the central shaft and connecting its front end to a front positioning adjustment nut via a screw thread, and by setting the front positioning adjustment nut in abutting contact with the nut-tightening bracket section, the attitude of the boom is controlled, thereby controlling the tightness relationship between the clamping arc plate and the inner wall of the vortex housing's front cavity.

[0033] Specifically, in this invention, the central shaft is slid into the front cavity of the volute housing through the action of the central shaft guide portion set in the front positioning guide section and the outer shell guide portion of the front positioning shell. The central shaft stops after its rear side contacts the bottom surface of the front cavity of the volute housing. The front positioning adjusting nut drives the mandrel to press backward against the inner end of the landing arm. The outer end of the landing arm pushes the boom ring backward, compressing the return spring. The clamping arc plate expands outward from the outer end of the landing arm until the rollers on the outer side of the clamping arc plate press against the inner wall of the front cavity of the volute housing, stopping the rotation of the front positioning adjusting nut and achieving the tightening of the front cavity of the volute housing. The front positioning adjusting nut drives the mandrel to move forward, releasing the inner end of the landing arm. The return spring changes from compression to extension, pushing the boom ring backward. The clamping arc plate follows the outer end of the landing arm inward, achieving the release of the front cavity of the volute housing.

[0034] Specifically, the central shaft is configured with a clamping section, a front positioning guide section, an extension section, and a nut tightening bracket section. The central shaft can slide within the sliding boundary along the axial direction. The clamping section is coaxially fitted with a return spring and a lifting arm ring from front to back. The front end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the rear end of the front positioning guide section, and the rear end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the front end of the lifting arm ring.

[0035] Specifically, the lifting arm is rod-shaped. The outer end of the lifting arm is connected to the inner side of the clamping arc plate by hinge one. The middle section of the lifting arm is connected to the clamping section of the central shaft by hinge two. The rotation axes of hinge one and hinge two are parallel to the tangent in the circumferential direction of the central shaft. The inner end of the lifting arm abuts against the rear end of the spindle. The lifting arm can swing radially along the central shaft. The lifting arm ring is provided with a guide groove in the radial direction that is adapted to the range of motion of the lifting arm. The guide groove passes through the lifting arm ring in the radial direction.

[0036] Specifically, the central shaft has a through hole with a diameter larger than that of the mandrel, allowing the mandrel to pass freely through. The front end of the mandrel is screwed to the front positioning adjustment nut, and the front end of the front positioning adjustment nut abuts against the front end of the inner side of the nut tightening bracket section to complete the positioning of the mandrel.

[0037] Specifically, there are several clamping plates and landing arms, which are evenly distributed along the central circumference.

[0038] Preferably, the clamping arc plate and the lifting arm can be configured as three.

[0039] Preferably, a plurality of rollers are provided on the outer side of the clamping arc plate, the rotation axis of the rollers being parallel to the axis of the clamping arc plate, and the contour surface of the rollers protruding outward from the clamping arc plate, so as to facilitate subsequent adjustment of the position by rotating the volute around the axis of the front positioning unit.

[0040] In this invention, the rear positioning shell, rear cover, locking flap assembly, locking screw taper, and rear locking nut set by the rear positioning unit achieve clamping of the rear cavity of the volute.

[0041] Specifically, the rear positioning shell is fixed horizontally within the mounting hole of the rear positioning unit, thus securing the rear positioning unit. The tapered channel on the inner surface of the rear positioning shell engages with the outer surface of the guide section of the set screw, guiding the set screw's movement horizontally. The set screw is driven by rotating the rear set nut, which fits against the rear unit cover. The ejector section first contacts the rear surface of the set screw. The set screw assembly is compressed by the force generated by the ejector section's push and the opening motion of the elastic ring, producing a continuous and stable outward movement. Until the rear tensioning section is tightly fitted with the rear surface of the set screw, the front surface of the set screw is firmly fitted with the rear cavity of the volute, and rotation of the rear set nut stops. The rear cavity of the volute is clamped through the sequential tight contact of the rear set nut, the set screw assembly, and the set screw.

[0042] In this invention, the set nut is rotated in the reverse direction, and the set screw cone is pulled back by the adjusting section. After the rear surface of the set screw disengages from the rear tensioning section, it comes into contact with the ejector section. Under the action of the force generated by the contraction of the elastic ring and the force of the ejector section's retraction movement, the set screw assembly retracts. The ejector section completely disengages from the set screw, completing the reset of the rear positioning unit.

[0043] The operation steps of this invention are as follows:

[0044] S10, the rear end of the front positioning unit of the vortex shell front cavity.

[0045] S20, the front cavity end face and the front positioning unit mounting hole of the front arm press the component in the front positioning shell into the front cavity of the volute shell in a rearward horizontal direction; the drive mandrel is driven to tighten the inner end of the landing arm rearward by the front positioning adjusting nut.

[0046] S30. At this time, the outer end of the boom pushes the boom ring backward to compress the return spring, and the clamping arc plate expands outward from the outer end of the boom until the roller on the outer side of the clamping arc plate presses against the inner wall of the front cavity of the volute, and the positioning adjustment nut stops rotating.

[0047] S40. After that, the vortex housing rotates around the axis of the front positioning unit to adjust its position, so that the first support column, the second support column, and the third support column of the bottom support device of the vortex housing correspond to the holes in sequence.

[0048] S50. At this time, rotate the first adjusting nut, the second adjusting nut, and the third adjusting nut respectively to insert the first support column, the second support column, and the third support column into the corresponding holes in sequence to complete the bottom positioning.

[0049] S60. After that, the set screw is driven by the set screw nut of the rear positioning unit to press the set screw into the rear cavity of the volute housing. The set screw fits tightly against the inner surface of the rear cavity of the volute housing, thus completing the clamping.

[0050] S70. After that, the left and right cylinders of the volute clamping device drive the left curved clamping body assembly and the right curved clamping body respectively to clamp the left and right sides of the volute.

[0051] S80, then, the mandrel is driven forward by the front positioning adjusting nut to release the inner end of the landing arm.

[0052] S90. At this time, the return spring changes from compression to extension, pushing the boom ring to move backward, and the locking arc plate follows the outer end of the boom to move inward to release the front cavity of the vortex housing.

[0053] S100, the volute casing clamping is complete.

[0054] S110. The tool pre-positioning device is named TOOL0 through the CNC program. The machine tool controls the tool pre-positioning device to make the air passage positioning head fit with the corresponding air passage, and the air passage positioning support contact the upper surface of the volute.

[0055] S120. Using the tool change code, the airway positioning structure is brought up and moved to a fixed coordinate value.

[0056] S130. This positioning structure is retracted via the tool change code, and the product is processed normally.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the present invention combines the pre-positioning process with the machining process through a tool pre-positioning device, thereby improving the degree of integration between volute positioning and volute machining.

[0058] This invention utilizes an integrated, separately controlled bottom support device for the volute casing, enabling it to adapt to varying bolt hole heights at the bottom of volute casings of different specifications. Preliminary positioning is achieved through a preceding positioning unit, followed by final tightening by a subsequent positioning unit, thus resolving the problems of inconvenient operation and inaccurate positioning during the volute casing positioning process.

[0059] This invention improves the flexibility of volute machining by employing a bottom support device with adjustable support height and a method of preliminary positioning followed by final positioning. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is an overall structural diagram of the vortex shell in this invention;

[0062] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cavity of the vortex shell in this invention;

[0063] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the airway positioning rod used in this invention;

[0064] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of pre-positioning the air passage under the clamped state of the vortex shell in this invention;

[0065] Figure 6 This is a top view showing the positional relationship of the supporting clamping components in this invention;

[0066] Figure 7 This is a rear view of the bottom support device of the vortex shell in the supported state in this invention;

[0067] Figure 8 This is a front view of the bottom support device of the vortex shell in this invention;

[0068] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the bottom support device of the vortex shell in this invention;

[0069] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the front and rear positioning devices of the vortex shell in the present invention in a locked state;

[0070] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position between the front and rear positioning device of the vortex shell and the base unit in this invention;

[0071] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the internal components of the front positioning shell in the front positioning unit of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the mandrel clamping arc plate in the front positioning unit of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the rear positioning unit in this invention;

[0074] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the set screw taper in this invention;

[0075] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the front positioning shell in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0077] like Figures 1 to 16 As shown, this invention provides a special equipment for machining volutes with a positioning device, characterized by comprising: a tool pre-positioning device 1, a spindle head 2, a worktable 3, a main body 4, a volute bottom support device 5, a volute left and right clamping device 6, and a volute front and rear positioning device 7; the tool pre-positioning device 1 is detachably connected to the spindle head 2, the spindle head 2 is located on the upper part of the main body 4, the worktable 3 is located at the front of the main body 4, and the volute bottom support device 5, the volute left and right clamping device 6, and the volute front and rear positioning device 7 are respectively movably mounted on the worktable 3. By combining the pre-positioning process with the machining process through the tool pre-positioning device 1, the degree of integration between volute positioning and volute machining is improved, solving the problem of flexibility in volute machining.

[0078] In this invention, the tool pre-positioning device 1 includes a positioning connector 11, an airway positioning rod 12, an airway positioning head 13, and an airway positioning support column 14.

[0079] In this embodiment, the upper end of the positioning connector 11 is detachably connected to the spindle head 2, and the lower end of the positioning connector 11 is detachably connected to the upper end of the airway positioning rod 12, so as to adapt to the different heights of the airway of the volute after positioning and clamping by changing the airway positioning rod 12 of different lengths.

[0080] In this embodiment, the lower end of the airway positioning rod 12 is detachably connected to the upper end of the airway positioning head 13. The lower side profile of the airway positioning head 13 matches the profile of the volute airway inlet, so that different sizes of airway positioning heads 13 can be used to adapt to different dimensions of the airway profile.

[0081] In this embodiment, the airway positioning support 14 and the airway positioning rod 12 are connected by a spiral. By changing the extension amount of the airway positioning support 14, different positioning heights between the upper surface of the volute and the airway positioning head 13 can be adapted.

[0082] In this invention, the bottom support device 5 of the vortex shell includes a support shell 51, a left cover, a first support column 53, a first planar cam 54, a first push-pull rod 55, a second support column 56, a second planar cam 57, a second push-pull rod 58, a third support column 59, a third planar cam 60, and a third push-pull rod 61.

[0083] In this invention, the left cover is tightly fitted and fixedly connected to the left side of the support housing 51.

[0084] In this embodiment, the bottom of the support housing 51 is detachably connected to the worktable 3 to facilitate changing the installation position of the bottom support device 5 of the volute.

[0085] In this embodiment, the first support column 53 is pushed upward by the first planar cam 54, the corresponding cam guide rail 62, the first push-pull rod 55 and the first adjusting nut provided on the first accommodating cavity.

[0086] Specifically, rotating the first adjusting nut causes the first push-pull rod 55 to pull the first planar cam 54 to move and lift the first support column 53.

[0087] In this embodiment, the second support column 56 is pushed upward by the second planar cam 57, the corresponding cam guide rail 62, the second push-pull rod 58, and the second adjusting nut provided on the second accommodating cavity.

[0088] Specifically, rotating the second adjusting nut causes the second push-pull rod 58 to pull the second planar cam 57 to move and lift the second support column 56.

[0089] In this embodiment, the upward movement of the third support column 59 is achieved by the third planar cam 60, the corresponding cam guide rail 62, the third push-pull rod 61, and the third adjusting nut set on the third accommodating cavity.

[0090] Specifically, rotating the third adjusting nut causes the third push-pull rod 61 to pull the third planar cam 60 to move and lift the third support column.

[0091] In this embodiment, the first adjusting nut, the second adjusting nut, and the third adjusting nut are rotated in reverse respectively, which in turn cause the first planar cam 54, the second planar cam 57, and the third planar cam 60 to move via the first push-pull rod 55, the second push-pull rod 58, and the third push-pull rod 61, so that the first support column 53, the second support column 56, and the third support column 59 fall under the action of gravity.

[0092] In this invention, the vortex shell left and right clamping device 6 includes a left curved surface clamping body 95, a right curved surface clamping body 96, a left connector 63, a right connector 64, a left cylinder 65, a right cylinder 66, a left support 67, and a right support 68.

[0093] In this embodiment, the inner surfaces of the left curved clamping body 95 and the right curved clamping body 96 are shaped to fit the outer mold of the corresponding vortex shell. At the same time, by setting the radius of curvature of their curved surfaces to be no less than the radius of curvature of the corresponding position on the outer mold of the corresponding vortex shell, a tight and reliable clamping of the outer mold of the vortex shell in the left and right directions is achieved.

[0094] In this embodiment, by sequentially fixing the left curved clamping body 95, the left connector 63, the left cylinder 65, and the left support 67, the left support 67 is detachably connected to the worktable 3, ensuring the reliable fixation of the left clamping device.

[0095] In this embodiment, by sequentially fixing the right curved clamping body 96, the right connector 64, the right cylinder 66 and the right support 68, the right support 68 is detachably connected to the worktable 3, ensuring the reliable fixation of the right-side clamping device.

[0096] In this embodiment, the problem of clamping in the left and right directions during the volute machining process is solved by the reliable fixing of the volute left and right clamping device 6.

[0097] The present invention solves the technical problem of front-to-back positioning and clamping of the vortex shell by means of the base unit 71, rear positioning unit 72 and front positioning unit 73 set by the vortex shell front and rear positioning device 7.

[0098] Specifically, the present invention provides a base unit 71 including front and rear supports 711 and front and rear positioning unit brackets, and detachably connects the bottom of the front and rear supports 711 to the workbench 3, thereby enabling the variable installation of the volute front and rear positioning device 7.

[0099] The present invention fixes the front positioning unit 73 and the rear positioning unit 72 by fixing the upper part of the front and rear supports 711 to the front and rear positioning unit brackets, and by setting the rear support arm and the front support arm extending upward on the front and rear positioning unit brackets.

[0100] Specifically, the present invention fixes the front positioning unit 73 and the rear positioning unit 72 by providing a rear positioning unit mounting hole that is horizontally arranged with the axis along the front-rear direction on the rear arm and a front positioning unit mounting hole that is horizontally arranged with the axis along the front-rear direction on the front arm.

[0101] In this invention, the positioning problem of the front cavity 802 of the vortex shell is solved by the front positioning unit 73.

[0102] Specifically, the front positioning housing 732 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole of the front positioning unit along the front-rear horizontal direction, completing the positioning of the internal components of the front positioning housing 732 along the circumferential direction. The sliding of the internal components of the front positioning housing 732 along the front-rear direction is achieved through the matching outer shell guide 336 provided on the inner side of the front positioning housing 732 along the axial direction via the central shaft guide 335 provided on the outer side of the central shaft 733. The front unit cover 739 is detachably connected to the front end face of the front positioning housing 732, and the sliding boundary of the central shaft 733 is formed by the protrusion of the outer shell guide 336 and the front unit cover 739. The limitation of the sliding boundary ensures the range of sliding of the central shaft 733 in the front-rear direction. When the central shaft is at its foremost position, the front positioning unit 73 is retracted to the front side of the front arm 713; when the central shaft is at its rearmost position, the front positioning unit 73 extends to the front side of the front arm 713; at this time, the nut locking bracket section 334 remains on the rear side of the front arm 713. To prevent the front positioning unit 73 from extending beyond the rear side of the front arm 713 in the front-rear direction before the volute housing is positioned, thereby avoiding problems that could affect the placement of the volute housing between the front arm 713 and the rear arm 712.

[0103] Specifically, the present invention achieves axial positioning of other components through a central shaft 733, a return spring 735, and a lifting arm ring 736 coaxially sleeved in sequence; the inner end of the lifting arm 737 is set to abut against the rear end of the spindle 734, the middle section of the lifting arm 737 is connected to the central shaft 733 via a hinge, and the outer end of the lifting arm 737 is connected to the clamping arc plate 738 via a hinge, thereby achieving tight fixation of the inner wall of the volute front cavity 802. By setting the spindle 734 freely passing through the central shaft 733 and screwing the front end of the spindle 734 to the front positioning adjustment nut 740, and by setting the front positioning adjustment nut 740 to abut against the nut fastening bracket section 334, the attitude of the lifting arm 737 is controlled, thereby controlling the tightness relationship between the clamping arc plate 738 and the inner wall of the volute front cavity 802.

[0104] Specifically, in this invention, the central shaft 733 is slid into the front cavity 802 of the volute housing by the action of the central shaft guide portion 335 provided in the front positioning guide section 332 and the outer shell guide portion 336 of the front positioning shell 732. The rear side of the central shaft 733 stops after contacting the bottom surface of the front cavity 802 of the volute housing. The mandrel 734 is driven by the front positioning adjusting nut 740 to push the inner end of the landing arm 737 backward. The outer end of the landing arm 737 pushes the lifting arm ring 736 backward to compress the return spring 735. The clamping arc plate 738 expands outward from the outer end of the landing arm 737 until the roller on the outer side of the clamping arc plate 738 presses against the inner wall of the front cavity 802 of the volute housing. The rotation of the front positioning adjusting nut 740 stops, thus achieving the tightening of the front cavity 802 of the volute housing. The front positioning adjusting nut 740 drives the spindle 734 to move forward, releasing the inner end of the lifting arm 737. The return spring 735 changes from compression to extension, pushing the lifting arm ring 736 backward. The clamping arc plate 738 follows the outer end of the lifting arm 737 to move inward, thereby releasing the front cavity 802 of the volute.

[0105] Specifically, the central shaft 733 is configured with a front clamping section 331, a front positioning guide section 332, an extension section 333, and a nut fastening bracket section 334. The central shaft 733 can slide within the sliding boundary along the axial direction. The front clamping section 331 is coaxially fitted with a return spring 735 and a lifting arm ring 736 from front to back. The front end of the return spring 735 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the front positioning guide section 332, and the rear end of the return spring 735 is fixedly connected to the front end of the lifting arm ring 736.

[0106] Specifically, the lifting arm 737 is rod-shaped. The outer end of the lifting arm 737 is connected to the inner side of the clamping arc plate 738 via hinge 1 741. The middle section of the lifting arm 737 is connected to the front clamping section 331 of the central shaft 733 via hinge 2 742. The rotation axes of hinge 1 741 and hinge 2 742 are parallel to the tangent in the circumferential direction of the central shaft 733. The inner end of the lifting arm 737 is in contact with the rear end of the spindle 734. The lifting arm 737 can swing radially along the central shaft 733. The lifting arm ring 736 is provided with a guide groove in the radial direction that is adapted to the range of motion of the lifting arm 737. The guide groove passes through the lifting arm ring 736 in the radial direction.

[0107] Specifically, the central shaft 733 is provided with a through hole with a diameter larger than that of the spindle 734, so as to allow the spindle 734 to pass freely through. The front end of the spindle 734 is screwed to the front positioning adjusting nut 740. The front end of the front positioning adjusting nut 740 abuts against the front end of the inner side of the nut fastening bracket section 334 to complete the positioning of the spindle 734.

[0108] Specifically, there are several clamping arc plates 738 and lifting arms 737, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central axis 733.

[0109] Preferably, the clamping arc plate 738 and the lifting arm 737 can be configured as three.

[0110] Preferably, a plurality of rollers are provided on the outer side of the clamping arc plate 738, the rotation axis of the rollers being parallel to the axis of the clamping arc plate 738, and the contour surface of the rollers protruding outward from the clamping arc plate 738, so as to facilitate subsequent adjustment of the position by rotating the volute around the axis of the front positioning unit 73.

[0111] In this invention, the rear positioning shell 721, rear unit cover 722, locking flap group, locking screw taper 725 and rear locking nut 726 provided by the rear positioning unit 72 are used to clamp the rear cavity 801 of the volute.

[0112] Specifically, the rear positioning shell 721 is fixed in the mounting hole of the rear positioning unit along the front-to-back horizontal direction, thus fixing the rear positioning unit 72. The tapered channel on the inner surface of the rear positioning shell 721 engages with the outer surface of the guide section 253 of the set screw 725, guiding the movement of the set screw 725 along the front-to-back horizontal direction. The set screw 725 includes an ejection section 251, a rear tensioning section 252, a guide section 253, and an adjustment section 254, enabling the ejection and retraction of the set screw 723.

[0113] In this invention, the locking flap assembly includes several locking flaps 723 and elastic rings 724. The locking flaps 723 are formed by the elastic rings 724 penetrating and connecting in series. The locking flaps 723 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the spiral tapered channel. Each locking flap 723 is rotatably connected to the side of the spiral tapered channel through its outer connecting end. The rotation axis of the rotatable connection is set to be parallel to the side of the spiral tapered channel, ensuring that the locking flaps 723 oscillate within the rear cavity 801 of the volute.

[0114] Preferably, the front surface of the locking flap 723 has the same shape as the inner surface of the rear cavity 801 of the vortex shell, and its material is a rigid-flexible material, which effectively ensures that the locking flap 723 and the inner surface of the rear cavity 801 of the vortex shell are tightly pressed together.

[0115] This invention drives the locking screw 725 by rotating the rear locking nut 726, which is in contact with the rear unit cover. The ejector section 251 first contacts the rear surface of the locking flap 723. The locking flap assembly is pressed by the force generated by the push of the ejector section 251 and the opening motion of the elastic ring 724, producing a continuous and stable outward movement. Until the rear tensioning section 252 is in close contact with the rear surface of the locking flap 723, the front surface of the locking flap 723 is firmly in contact with the rear cavity 801 of the volute, and rotation of the rear locking nut 726 stops. The clamping of the rear cavity 801 of the volute is achieved through the sequential and tight contact of the rear locking nut 726, the locking screw 725 assembly, and the locking flap 723.

[0116] In this invention, by reversing the rotation of the set nut 726, the set screw taper 725 is pulled back by the adjusting section 254. After the rear surface of the set screw 723 disengages from the rear tensioning section 252, it comes into contact with the ejector section 251. Under the action of the force generated by the contraction of the elastic ring 724 and the force of the ejector section 251 retracting, the set screw assembly retracts. The ejector section 251 completely disengages from the set screw 723, completing the reset of the rear positioning unit 72.

[0117] Preferably, the ejector section 251 of the set screw is a regular hexagonal pyramid, the post-tensioning section 252 is a regular hexahedron, the guide section 253 is a shape that matches the screw channel, and the surface of the adjustment section 254 is threaded.

[0118] In this invention, the relative movement between the cutting edge of the tool and the machining surface of the volute is achieved by the spindle head 2 moving up and down along the main body 4 of the equipment and the worktable 3 moving left and right and forward and backward in the horizontal plane.

[0119] The operation steps of this invention are as follows:

[0120] S10, operate the rear end of the front positioning unit 73 of the front cavity 802 of the volute.

[0121] S20, the end face of the front cavity 802 and the front positioning unit mounting hole of the front arm 713 press the component in the front positioning shell 732 into the front cavity 802 of the volute shell in a rearward horizontal direction; the mandrel 734 is driven by the front positioning adjusting nut 740 to push the inner end of the landing arm 737 backward.

[0122] S30. At this time, the outer end of the lifting arm 737 pushes the lifting arm ring 736 backward to compress the return spring 735, and the clamping arc plate 738 expands outward from the outer end of the lifting arm 737 until the roller on the outer side of the clamping arc plate 738 presses against the inner wall of the front cavity 802 of the volute, and the positioning adjustment nut 740 stops rotating.

[0123] S40. After that, the vortex housing rotates around the axis of the front positioning unit 73 to adjust its position, so that the first support column 53, the second support column 56, and the third support column 59 of the bottom support device 5 of the vortex housing correspond to the holes in sequence.

[0124] S50. At this time, rotate the first adjusting nut, the second adjusting nut, and the third adjusting nut respectively to insert the first support column 53, the second support column 56, and the third support column 59 into the corresponding holes in sequence to complete the bottom positioning.

[0125] S60. Then, the set screw 725 driven by the set screw 726 of the rear positioning unit 72 presses the set screw 723 into the rear cavity 801 of the volute housing. The set screw 723 fits tightly against the inner surface of the rear cavity 801 of the volute housing, thus completing the clamping.

[0126] S70. Then, the left cylinder 65 and the right cylinder 66 of the volute left and right clamping device 6 drive the left curved surface clamping body 95 and the right curved surface clamping body 96 respectively to complete the clamping of the left and right sides of the volute.

[0127] S80, then, the spindle 734 is driven forward by the front positioning adjusting nut 740, releasing the inner end of the lifting arm 737.

[0128] S90. At this time, the return spring 735 changes from compression to extension, pushing the boom ring 736 to move backward, and the locking arc plate 738 follows the outer end of the boom 737 to move inward, releasing the front cavity 802 of the volute.

[0129] S100, the volute casing clamping is complete.

[0130] S110. The tool prepositioning device 1 is named TOOL0 through the CNC program. The machine tool controls the tool prepositioning device 1 to make the air passage positioning head 13 fit with the corresponding air passage, and the air passage positioning support 14 contacts the upper surface of the volute.

[0131] S120. Using the tool change code, the airway positioning structure is brought up and moved to a fixed coordinate value.

[0132] S130. This positioning structure is retracted via the tool change code, and the product is processed normally.

Claims

1. A special equipment for machining volutes with a positioning device, characterized in that: The device includes a tool pre-positioning device, a spindle head, a worktable, a main body, a volute bottom support device, a volute left and right clamping devices, and a volute front and rear positioning device. The tool pre-positioning device is detachably connected to the spindle head, which is located on the upper part of the main body. The worktable is located at the front of the main body. The volute bottom support device, volute left and right clamping devices, and volute front and rear positioning devices are detachably mounted on the worktable. The tool pre-positioning device includes a positioning connector, an airway positioning rod, an airway positioning head, and an airway positioning support column. One end of the positioning connector is detachably connected to the spindle head, and the other end is detachably connected to one end of the airway positioning rod. The other end of the airway positioning rod is detachably connected to one end of the airway positioning head, and the other end of the airway positioning head... The side profile matches the inlet profile of the volute casing, and the volute positioning support is spirally connected to the volute positioning rod. The volute casing front and rear positioning device includes a base unit, a rear positioning unit, and a front positioning unit. The base unit includes front and rear supports and a front and rear positioning unit bracket. The bottom of the front and rear supports is detachably connected to the worktable, and the upper part of the front and rear supports is fixedly connected to the front and rear positioning unit bracket. The front and rear positioning unit bracket includes a rear arm and a front arm extending rearward. The rear arm includes a rear positioning unit mounting hole with its axis horizontally arranged in the front-rear direction, and the front arm includes a front positioning unit mounting hole with its axis horizontally arranged in the front-rear direction. The front positioning unit includes a front positioning shell, a central shaft, a spindle, a return spring, a lifting arm ring, and a lifting mechanism. The system comprises an arm, a clamping arc plate, a front unit cover, and a front positioning adjusting nut. The front positioning shell is fixedly installed in the front positioning unit mounting hole along the front-to-back horizontal direction. The central shaft is coaxially arranged with the front positioning shell and includes a clamping section, a front positioning guide section, an extension section, and a nut tightening bracket section. A return spring and a lifting arm ring are coaxially sleeved on the clamping section from front to back. The front end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the rear end of the front positioning guide section, and the rear end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the front end of the lifting arm ring. The front unit cover is detachably connected to the front end face of the front positioning shell. A central shaft guide part is provided on the outer side of the central shaft, and an outer shell guide part is provided on the inner side of the front positioning shell along the axial direction. The protruding part of the outer shell guide part and the front unit cover form a sliding mechanism for the central shaft. The boundary, the central shaft can slide within the sliding boundary along the axial direction; several rollers are provided on the outer side of the clamping arc plate, the rotation axis of the rollers is parallel to the axis of the clamping arc plate, and the contour surface of the rollers protrudes outward from the clamping arc plate; the lifting arm is rod-shaped in general, the outer end of the lifting arm is connected to the inner side of the clamping arc plate by hinge one, the middle section of the lifting arm is connected to the clamping section of the central shaft by hinge two, the rotation axes of hinge one and hinge two are both parallel to the tangent in the circumferential direction of the central shaft, the inner end of the lifting arm abuts against the rear end of the spindle, the lifting arm can swing radially along the central shaft, and the lifting arm ring is provided with a guide groove in the radial direction that adapts to the range of motion of the lifting arm, the guide groove penetrating the lifting arm ring in the radial direction;The central shaft has a through hole with a diameter larger than that of the mandrel. The mandrel freely passes through the through hole, and its front end is screwed to the front positioning adjusting nut. The front end of the front positioning adjusting nut abuts against the front end of the inner side of the nut tightening bracket section. There are several clamping arc plates and lifting arms, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central shaft. The rear positioning unit includes a rear positioning shell, a rear unit cover, a tightening flap group, a tightening screw, and a rear tightening nut. The rear positioning shell is fixed in the rear positioning unit mounting hole along the front-rear horizontal direction. The inner surface of the rear positioning shell is a screw tapered channel. The tightening flap group includes several tightening flaps and elastic rings. The tightening flaps are connected in series by the elastic rings to form the tightening flap group. The several tightening flaps are evenly distributed along the circumference of the screw tapered channel. The several tightening flaps are rotatably connected to the side of the screw tapered channel through their outer connecting ends. The rotation axis of the rotating connection is parallel to the side of the screw cone channel; the front surface of the locking flap has the same shape as the inner surface of the rear cavity of the volute, and its material is a rigid-flexible material; the locking screw cone includes an ejector section, a rear tensioning section, a guide section, and an adjustment section.

2. The special equipment for machining volutes with a positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned volute bottom support device includes a support housing, a left cover, a first support column, a first planar cam, a first push-pull rod, a second support column, a second planar cam, a second push-pull rod, a third support column, a third planar cam, and a third push-pull rod. The bottom of the support housing is detachably connected to the worktable. The upper part of the support housing is respectively provided with a first support column telescopic hole, a second support column telescopic hole, and a third support column telescopic hole. The telescopic holes of the support column provided in the upper part of the support housing are respectively movably connected to the first support column, the second support column, and the third support column in the vertical direction. The bottom surfaces of the first support column, the second support column, and the third support column respectively abut against the working surfaces of the first planar cam, the second planar cam, and the third planar cam. The first planar cam, the second planar cam, and the third planar cam are respectively disposed in the corresponding first accommodating cavity, the second accommodating cavity, and the third accommodating cavity within the support housing. The first planar cam, the second planar cam, and the third planar cam can move in the front-back direction within the corresponding accommodating cavity. One end of the first push-pull rod is fixedly connected to the front side of the first planar cam, and the other end extends horizontally forward through the second and third accommodating cavities from the front side of the support housing; One end of the second push-pull rod is fixedly connected to the front side of the second planar cam, and the other end extends horizontally forward through the third accommodating cavity from the front side of the support housing; One end of the third push-pull rod is fixedly connected to the front side of the third planar cam, and the other end extends horizontally forward from the front side of the support housing. The surfaces of the first, second, and third push-pull rods extending from the front side of the support housing are lead screws, and the lead screws are respectively screwed to the first, second, and third adjusting nuts located at corresponding positions on the front side of the support housing.

3. A special equipment for machining volutes with a positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left cover is tightly fitted and fixedly connected to the left side of the support housing.

4. A special equipment for machining volutes with a positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned volute clamping device includes a left-side curved clamping body, a right-side curved clamping body, a left-side connector, a right-side connector, a left-side cylinder, a right-side cylinder, a left-side support, and a right-side support. The inner surfaces of the left-side and right-side curved clamping bodies are shaped to fit the outer mold of the corresponding volute. The radii of curvature of the inner surfaces of the left-side and right-side curved clamping bodies are not less than the radii of curvature at the corresponding positions on the outer mold of the corresponding volute. The left-side connector and right-side connector are fixedly connected to the left-side and right-side curved clamping bodies, respectively. The outer surfaces of the left-side and right-side connectors are fixedly connected to the left-side cylinder and right-side cylinder, respectively. The left-side cylinder is detachably connected to the worktable via the left-side support, and the right-side cylinder is detachably connected to the worktable via the right-side support.

5. A special equipment for machining volutes with a positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle head can move up and down along the main body of the equipment.

6. A special equipment for machining volutes with a positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The worktable can move in the horizontal plane in the left-right and front-back directions.

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