A porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive oil phase material and a method for preparing the same

Abstract

This invention relates to a porous granular oil phase material for ammonium nitrate explosives and its preparation method. The composite oil phase material comprises an energetic material, an oil phase, and a borate ester-based ashless dispersant. Ammonium nitrate explosives prepared using the oil phase material of this invention overcome the shortcomings of existing ammonium nitrate explosives, effectively improving the explosive power, sympathetic detonation velocity, and detonation sensitivity of ammonium nitrate-oil mixed explosives. It also extends the storage stability period, prevents freezing in low winter temperatures, and significantly reduces the cost of the oil phase material for ammonium nitrate explosives.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an oil phase material, and more particularly to a porous granular ammonium nitrate dynamite oil phase material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonium nitrate (AM) explosives are powdered or granular explosive mixtures composed of ammonium nitrate and fuel, without high explosive sensitizers. They are mainly suitable for open-pit blasting projects and blasting operations without the risk of methane or mine dust explosions. These include powdered AM explosives, porous granular AM explosives, heavy AM explosives, granular sticky explosives, and thickened granular AM explosives. The most significant characteristics of AM explosives are their ease of manufacture and relatively insensitive detonation. This limits their use to large-aperture, high-volume open-pit blasting applications. AM explosives have a simple processing technology, do not contain high explosives or high-energy substances, and are free of toxic or harmful substances. They also possess relatively ideal detonation performance, meeting the strategic requirements of national sustainable development and representing an important direction for the development of industrial explosives. However, AM explosives currently suffer from disadvantages such as low explosive power, low detonation velocity, low detonation sensitivity, short shelf life, and freezing of the oil phase at low temperatures, which restricts their application range. Currently, most porous granular ammonium nitrate (ANN) explosives use porous granular ammonium nitrate and diesel oil (oil phase material) as their main materials. However, diesel oil has a high freezing point and is prone to freezing in sub-zero winter temperatures. Meanwhile, cost reduction and efficiency improvement are timeless goals for every enterprise, making the replacement of diesel oil with low-cost, low-freezing-point materials imperative. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the physical, chemical, and explosive properties of ANN explosives through oil phase materials. This has significant theoretical and practical implications for advancing the development of industrial explosives, improving the quality of engineering blasting, and enhancing the economic benefits of civil explosives production and mining enterprises. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to propose a practical solution to the problems of poor storage stability and high price of existing porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive oil phase materials, as well as the shortcomings of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives such as low explosive power, low detonation velocity, low detonation sensitivity and short storage period.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] The porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase material comprises the following percentages by weight:

[0006] Energetic materials 2%~5%, oil phase 96%~98.95%, and ashless borate ester dispersant 0.05%~1%;

[0007] The energetic material is charcoal powder with a particle size of 80-120 micrometers;

[0008] The oil phase is a light polyol, including one or two of crude ethylene glycol and crude glycerol;

[0009] The ashless dispersant for borate esters is one or a combination of two of trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, tripropyl borate, and tributyl borate.

[0010] The preparation method of the porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase material includes the following steps:

[0011] 1) Preparation of semi-finished oil phase materials

[0012] First, add the light polyol, energetic material, and ashless borate ester dispersant into the reactor in sequence, and stir and disperse evenly at 20~45℃ to obtain the oil phase material semi-finished product;

[0013] 2) Preparation of oil phase materials

[0014] The semi-finished oil phase material is ground in an indoor environment at 20-45°C using a sand mill. The resulting charcoal powder has a particle size of less than or equal to 1 micrometer, thus obtaining porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase material. Implementing this invention provides the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1) Low cost: Compared to the widely used diesel fuel, the raw materials used in this invention are significantly reduced;

[0016] 2) It is convenient to use in low-temperature environments during winter, as there is no problem with freezing.

[0017] 3) The ammonium nitrate explosive prepared using the oil phase material of the present invention effectively improves the explosive power, sympathetic detonation velocity and detonation sensitivity of ammonium nitrate oil mixed explosive;

[0018] 4) This invention can improve the storage stability of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive products. Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0020] The porous granular ammonium nitrate dynamite oil phase material comprises the following percentages by weight:

[0021] Energetic materials 2.5%, oil phase 97%, and ashless borate ester dispersant 0.5%;

[0022] The energetic material is charcoal powder with a particle size of 80-120 micrometers;

[0023] The oil phase consists of light polyols and crude ethylene glycol;

[0024] The ashless dispersant for borate esters is trimethyl borate.

[0025] The preparation method of oil phase material is as follows:

[0026] 1) Preparation of semi-finished oil phase materials

[0027] First, crude ethylene glycol, charcoal powder, and trimethyl borate are added to the reaction vessel in sequence and stirred and dispersed evenly at 20~45℃ to obtain the semi-finished oil phase material.

[0028] 2) Preparation of oil phase materials

[0029] The semi-finished oil phase material is ground in an indoor environment at 20~45℃ using a sand mill. The particle size of the ground charcoal powder is less than or equal to 1 micrometer, thus obtaining porous granular ammonium fry oil phase material. Example

[0030] The porous granular ammonium nitrate dynamite oil phase material comprises the following percentages by weight:

[0031] The composition includes 4% energetic materials, 95.2% oil phase, and 0.8% ashless borate ester dispersant.

[0032] The energetic material is charcoal powder with a particle size of 80-120 micrometers;

[0033] The oil phase consists of light polyols, including 60% crude ethylene glycol and 35.2% crude glycerol;

[0034] The ashless dispersant for borate esters is 0.3% triethyl borate and 0.5% tributyl borate.

[0035] The preparation method of oil phase material is as follows:

[0036] 1) Preparation of semi-finished oil phase materials

[0037] First, add the light polyol, energetic material, and ashless borate ester dispersant into the reactor in sequence, and stir and disperse evenly at 30~45℃ to obtain the oil phase material semi-finished product;

[0038] 2) Preparation of oil phase materials

[0039] The semi-finished oil phase material is ground in an indoor environment at 20~45℃ using a sand mill. The particle size of the ground charcoal powder is less than or equal to 1 micrometer, thus obtaining porous granular ammonium fry oil phase material. Example

[0040] The porous granular ammonium nitrate dynamite oil phase material comprises the following percentages by weight:

[0041] The composition includes 2% energetic materials, 97.9% oil phase, and 0.1% ashless borate ester dispersant.

[0042] The energetic material is charcoal powder with a particle size of 80-120 micrometers;

[0043] The oil phase consists of light polyols, including crude glycerol;

[0044] The ashless dispersant for borate esters is tripropyl borate.

[0045] The preparation method of oil phase material is as follows:

[0046] 1) Preparation of semi-finished oil phase materials

[0047] First, add the light polyol, energetic material, and ashless borate ester dispersant into the reactor in sequence, and stir and disperse evenly at 30~45℃ to obtain the oil phase material semi-finished product;

[0048] 2) Preparation of oil phase materials

[0049] The semi-finished oil phase material is ground in an indoor environment at 20~45℃ using a sand mill. The particle size of the ground charcoal powder is less than or equal to 1 micrometer, thus obtaining porous granular ammonium fry oil phase material. Example

[0050] The porous granular ammonium nitrate dynamite oil phase material comprises the following percentages by weight:

[0051] Energetic materials 4%, oil phase 95%, and boronic acid ester ashless dispersant 1%;

[0052] The energetic material is charcoal powder with a particle size of 80-120 micrometers;

[0053] The oil phase consists of light polyols, comprising 70% crude ethylene glycol and 25% crude glycerol;

[0054] The ashless dispersant for borate esters is 0.5% trimethyl borate and 0.5% triethyl borate.

[0055] The preparation method of oil phase material is as follows:

[0056] 1) Preparation of semi-finished oil phase materials

[0057] First, add the light polyol, energetic material, and ashless borate ester dispersant into the reactor in sequence, and stir and disperse evenly at 30~45℃ to obtain the oil phase material semi-finished product;

[0058] 2) Preparation of oil phase materials

[0059] The semi-finished oil phase material is ground in an indoor environment at 20~45℃ using a sand mill. The particle size of the ground charcoal powder is less than or equal to 1 micrometer, thus obtaining porous granular ammonium fry oil phase material. Example

[0060] The porous granular ammonium nitrate dynamite oil phase material comprises the following percentages by weight:

[0061] The composition includes 5% energetic materials, 94.4% oil phase, and 0.6% ashless borate ester dispersant.

[0062] The energetic material is charcoal powder with a particle size of 80-120 micrometers;

[0063] The oil phase consists of light polyols, including 40% crude ethylene glycol and 54.4% crude glycerol.

[0064] The ashless dispersant for borate esters is 0.2% triethyl borate and 0.4% tributyl borate.

[0065] The preparation method of oil phase material is as follows:

[0066] 1) Preparation of semi-finished oil phase materials

[0067] First, add the light polyol, energetic material, and ashless borate ester dispersant into the reactor in sequence, and stir and disperse evenly at 30~45℃ to obtain the oil phase material semi-finished product;

[0068] 2) Preparation of oil phase materials

[0069] The semi-finished oil phase material is ground in an indoor environment at 20~45℃ using a sand mill. The particle size of the ground charcoal powder is less than or equal to 1 micrometer, thus obtaining porous granular ammonium fry oil phase material. Example

[0070] The porous granular ammonium nitrate dynamite oil phase material comprises the following percentages by weight:

[0071] The composition includes 3% energetic materials, 96.7% oil phase, and 0.5% ashless borate ester dispersant.

[0072] The energetic material is charcoal powder with a particle size of 80-120 micrometers;

[0073] The oil phase consists of light polyols, comprising 80% crude ethylene glycol and 16.7% crude glycerol.

[0074] The ashless dispersant for borate esters is 0.1% trimethyl borate and 0.4% tributyl borate.

[0075] The preparation method of oil phase material is as follows:

[0076] 1) Preparation of semi-finished oil phase materials

[0077] First, add the light polyol, energetic material, and ashless borate ester dispersant into the reactor in sequence, and stir and disperse evenly at 30~45℃ to obtain the oil phase material semi-finished product;

[0078] 2) Preparation of oil phase materials

[0079] The semi-finished oil phase material is ground in an indoor environment at 20~45℃ using a sand mill. The particle size of the ground charcoal powder is less than or equal to 1 micrometer, thus obtaining porous granular ammonium fry oil phase material.

[0080] The composite oil phase materials A~F for ammonium nitrate mixed explosives prepared in Examples 1 to 6 were compared with commercially available competing products using the ammonium nitrate mixed explosives made from the products of the examples and the oil phase materials for ammonium nitrate mixed explosives. The test formula was 95% ammonium nitrate + 5% oil phase material (or commercially available competing product). The specific test method was in accordance with the referenced standard in GB 17583-1998 "Porous Granular Ammonium Nitrate Explosives". The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0081] Table 1 Test results of detonation velocity performance indicators of ammonium nitrate explosives

[0082]

[0083] According to the test method in the national standard GB / T 13228-1991 "Determination of Detonation Velocity of Industrial Explosives", the test results are shown in Table 2. The test results of the detonation velocity performance index of Examples 1 to 6 are all better than those of commercially available competing products A and B, with Example 6 being the best. Furthermore, the storage stability of the ammonium nitrate explosives produced in Examples 1 to 6 is better than that of commercially available competing products A and B. After 12 months of storage, the detonation velocity index still meets the standard requirements of GB 17583-1998 "Porous Granular Ammonium Nitrate Explosives", while commercially available competing products A and B have become ineffective after 9 months of storage and cannot be tested for detonation velocity.

[0084] Table 2 Test results of the saturation performance indicators of ammonium nitrate explosives

[0085]

[0086] According to the test method in the national standard GB / T 12440-1990 "Explosives Brutality Test - Lead Column Compression Method", the test results are shown in Table 2. The experimental results of the brutality performance index test of Examples 1 to 6 are all better than those of commercially available competing products A and B, with Example 6 being the best. Furthermore, the ammonium nitrate explosives produced in Examples 1 to 6 have stronger storage stability than commercially available competing products A and B. After 12 months of storage, the brutality index still meets the standard requirements of GB 17583-1998 "Porous Granular Ammonium Nitrate Explosives", while commercially available competing products A and B have become ineffective after 9 months of storage and cannot be tested for brutality.

[0087] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase material, characterized in that, The porous granular ammonium nitrate frying oil phase material comprises the following parts by weight percentage: Energetic materials 2%–5%, oil phase 96%–98.95%, and ashless borate ester dispersant 0.05%–1%; The energetic material is charcoal powder with a particle size of less than or equal to 1 micrometer; The oil phase is a light polyol, including one or two of crude ethylene glycol and crude glycerol; The ashless dispersant for borate esters is one or a combination of two of trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, tripropyl borate, and tributyl borate.

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