A method of mining a stratified ore deposit

Abstract

The application provides a laminated ore deposit mining method and belongs to the technical field of mining. The laminated ore deposit mining method provided by the embodiment of the application is used for layered mining in the ore falling and stoping process, the interlayer waste rock in the laminated ore deposit is first caved, and the ore room is first transported out; then the micro-difference blasting technology is used to first cave the layered ore body with high grade, and then cave the layered ore body with low grade, part of the ore is discharged from the funnel, and the height for continuous mining is emptied. The lean and rich ore is separated by controlled slope ore drawing. Compared with the traditional method, the waste rock is removed during stoping, the lean and rich ore is separately mined, the mixing of lean ore and rich ore is avoided, the mixing of low-grade ore into high-grade ore during ore drawing is avoided, the ore dilution rate is effectively reduced, the overall mining efficiency is effectively improved, and the maximization of economic benefits is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a method, system, and computer storage medium for mining multilayer deposits. Background Technology

[0002] Superimposed mineral deposits, also known as superimposed mineralization or superimposed mineralization deposits, are mineral deposits with dual origins formed by superimposing later mineralization processes on the basis of earlier mineral deposits.

[0003] In related technologies, for mining conditions such as stromatolite deposits, waste rock interlayer thickness between ore bodies ranging from 5m after removal, significant differences in grade between upper and lower ore layers and between ore layers, ore body dip angle between 48° and 55°, and moderate ore and rock stability, the commonly used mining methods are shallow hole retention method and upward horizontal layered filling mining method.

[0004] Regarding the mining technology conditions of related technologies, shallow hole retention is usually used for ore bodies with stable rock and single occurrence, and it is difficult to solve the technical problems of removing waste rock and mining upper and lower ore layers separately. While the upward horizontal layered filling mining method is technically mature, it has low production capacity, high cost and complex process, and existing mining methods will slow down the mining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for mining multi-layered ore deposits, enabling separate mining of lean and rich ores, avoiding mixing of lean and rich ores, effectively reducing ore dilution rate, and solving the problem of low mining efficiency in related technologies. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a mining method for stratiform deposits, applicable to stratiform deposits, wherein the stratiform deposit includes interbedded rock layers and upper and lower ore bodies distributed on both sides of the interbedded rock layers, characterized in that it includes:

[0007] Step 1: From the external transport roadway of the footwall of the ore body, a cross-vein transport roadway is excavated along one side of the lower ore body towards the junction of the stope and pillar, until the ore-rock junction of the upper ore body. From the cross-vein transport roadway, the upper hanging wall ventilation shaft is excavated upward along the strike of the stratified deposit, and the ore outlet roadway is excavated towards the bottom of the stope.

[0008] Step 2: Excavate the ore discharge funnel upward from the end of the ore discharge roadway, and excavate the bottom-pulling horizontal roadway connected to the upper hanging wall ventilation shaft from the top of the ore discharge funnel along the strike of the stratified ore deposit. Use the bottom-pulling horizontal roadway as a free face to pull the bottom and lift the top to form the ore stope, and excavate the segmented connecting roadway connected to the through-vein transport roadway laterally.

[0009] Step 3: First, collect the interbedded waste rock located in the interbedded rock layer and discharge it through the segmented connecting roadway. Then, use micro-differential blasting technology to blast the upper ore body and the lower ore body separately. Collect them through the ore discharge funnel and transport them out through the cross-vein transport roadway. Strictly implement ore discharge control management. Discharge the ore through an inclined plane with an angle. First discharge the ore of the upper ore body, then discharge the ore of the lower ore body, until the top pillar of the ore body is mined.

[0010] Step 4: After the stope is emptied, the ore discharge funnel and the segmented connecting roadway are sealed, and the stope is cemented and filled.

[0011] Optionally, the ore discharge hopper includes a first ore discharge hopper and a second ore discharge hopper arranged at intervals, wherein the first ore discharge hopper is located below the upper ore body and the second ore discharge hopper is located below the lower ore body.

[0012] Optionally, in step 3, the step of first collecting the interbedded waste rock located in the interbedded rock layer and discharging it through the segmented connecting roadway includes:

[0013] A footing ventilation and mixing shaft is excavated along the strike of the superimposed ore deposit in the footing of the ore body. The footing ventilation and mixing shaft is located on the side of the upper ore body away from the interbedded rock layer. The bottom of the footing ventilation and mixing shaft is connected to the cross-vein transport roadway. The segmented connecting roadway is connected to the footing ventilation and mixing shaft.

[0014] The collected interlayer waste rock is transported from the lower pedestrian ventilation mixing well to the through-vein transport tunnel for removal.

[0015] Optionally, multiple segmented connecting roadways are excavated along the strike of the superimposed deposit, and the multiple segmented connecting roadways are arranged at even intervals.

[0016] Optionally, in step 3, the mining height of the interlayer waste rock, the collapse height of the upper ore body and the lower ore body are both 2m.

[0017] Optionally, in step 3, the slope angle range of the ore discharge control management is 25° to 30°.

[0018] Optionally, multiple ore extraction roadways are excavated in the excavation direction of the cross-vessel transport roadway, and the multiple ore extraction roadways are arranged at even intervals.

[0019] Optionally, the footwall of the ore body is excavated with multiple cross-vein transport roadways, which are arranged in parallel at intervals and interconnected with each other.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0021] The stratigraphic deposit mining method provided in this invention employs layered mining in the ore-cutting and recovery processes. First, the interbedded waste rock in the central interbedded rock layer of the stratigraphic deposit is caved and collected, and then transported out of the stope via segmented connecting roadways. Next, micro-differential blasting technology is used to first cave out high-grade ore bodies in layers, collect and transport them out, followed by caving out low-grade ore bodies in layers, collecting and transporting them out. Compared to traditional methods, this method achieves waste rock removal during recovery, separate mining of lean and rich ores, avoids mixing of lean and rich ores, and prevents low-grade ore from mixing with high-grade ore during ore-cutting, effectively reducing ore dilution rate, minimizing subsequent sorting work, effectively improving overall mining efficiency, and maximizing economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for mining a layered deposit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the construction standard for the mining method of layered deposits provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Side view section at point BB;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Top view of the cross section at point CC.

[0027] In the picture:

[0028] 1-Straddle-layered deposit; 2-External haulage roadway; 3-Through-vein haulage roadway; 4-Hanging wall ventilation shaft; 5-Stop; 6-Hanging wall combined pedestrian and ventilation shaft; 11-Interbedded rock layer; 12-Upper ore body; 13-Lower ore body; 31-Mining roadway; 51-Mining funnel; 52-Bottom-pull roadway; 53-Sectional connecting roadway; 511-First mining funnel; 512-Second mining funnel; m-Ore body pillar. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In related technologies, for mining conditions such as stromatolite deposits, waste rock interlayer thickness between ore bodies ranging from 5m after removal, significant differences in grade between upper and lower ore layers and between ore layers, ore body dip angle between 48° and 55°, and moderate ore and rock stability, the commonly used mining methods are shallow hole retention method and upward horizontal layered filling mining method.

[0031] Regarding the mining technology conditions of related technologies, shallow hole retention is usually used for ore bodies with stable rock and single occurrence, and it is difficult to solve the technical problems of removing waste rock and mining upper and lower ore layers separately. While the upward horizontal layered filling mining method is technically mature, it has low production capacity, high cost and complex process, and existing mining methods will slow down the mining efficiency.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for mining a layered deposit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the construction standard for the mining method of layered deposits provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Side view section at point BB. Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Top-view cross-section at point CC. (See diagram below.) Figures 1 to 4 As shown, through practice, this embodiment of the invention provides a mining method for a stratiform deposit, applicable to a stratiform deposit 1. Exemplarily, the stratiform deposit 1 typically includes an interbedded rock layer 11 and an upper ore body 12 and a lower ore body 13 distributed on both sides of the interbedded rock layer 11. The mining method for this stratiform deposit includes:

[0033] Step 1: From the vein transport roadway 2 on the footwall of the ore body, excavate the vein transport roadway 3 along one side of the lower ore body 13 towards the junction of the stope 5 and the pillar, until the ore-rock junction of the upper ore body 12. From the vein transport roadway 3, excavate the upper hanging wall ventilation shaft 4 upward along the strike of the stratified deposit 1, and excavate the ore outlet roadway 31 towards the bottom of the stope 5.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, multiple ore extraction roadways 31, each 7m long, are excavated along the excavation direction of the cross-flow transport roadway 3. These roadways are evenly spaced, with a 7m interval between adjacent roadways. By providing multiple independent ore extraction roadways 31, it is convenient to correspond to multiple mining blocks 5, or multiple ore extraction locations within the same mining block 5, facilitating the phased transport of ore through these roadways and effectively improving overall mining efficiency.

[0035] Furthermore, the footwall of the ore body has multiple cross-vein transport roadways 3, which are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, with a spacing of 15m to 20m between them. The ends of the multiple cross-vein transport roadways 3 are connected to each other through transverse excavation, so as to form a trackless ore extraction flat-bottom structure composed of interconnected transport channels in the footwall of the ore body, which further facilitates pedestrian and mineral transportation.

[0036] Step 2: From the end of the ore outlet roadway 31, the ore discharge funnel 51 is excavated upwards, and from the top of the ore discharge funnel 51, along the strike of the superimposed ore deposit 1, the bottom-pulling horizontal roadway 52, which is connected to the upper hanging wall ventilation shaft 4, is excavated. The bottom-pulling horizontal roadway 52 is used as a free face for bottom-pulling and top-lifting to form the stope 5, and the segmented connecting roadway 53, which is connected to the through-vein transport roadway 3, is excavated laterally.

[0037] Specifically, the bottom level roadway 52 is 3m high. At the end of the ore extraction roadway 31, a bucket neck is excavated upwards to form an ore discharge funnel 51, and the ore discharge is carried out with the bucket neck as the free face. Then, the bottom level roadway 52 is excavated horizontally to serve as the mining working space at the bottom of the stope 5. After that, the bottom level roadway 52 is used as the free face for bottom pulling, top lifting, and slag removal to form the stope 5 and the corresponding upper mining platform.

[0038] Step 3: First, collect the interbedded waste rock located in the interbedded rock layer 11 and discharge it through the segmented connecting roadway 53. Then, use micro-differential blasting technology to blast the upper ore body 12 and the lower ore body 13 respectively. Collect them through the ore discharge funnel 51 and transport them out through the cross-vein transport roadway 3. Strictly implement ore discharge control management. Discharge the ore through the inclined plane with an angle. First discharge the ore of the upper ore body 12, and then discharge the ore of the lower ore body 13, until the top pillar m of the ore body is mined.

[0039] Specifically, in step 3, the interlayer waste rock is first excavated using shallow holes. The excavation height of the interlayer waste rock is 2m. The interlayer waste rock can be directly transported to the upper hanging wall ventilation shaft 4 via the segmented connecting roadway 53 for downward transport, and then transported outward via the cross-cutting transport roadway 3. In another possible optimized scheme, a lower hanging wall ventilation shaft 6 can also be excavated along the strike of the superimposed ore deposit 1 in the lower hanging wall. The lower hanging wall ventilation shaft 6 is independent of the traditional upper hanging wall ventilation shaft 4, and its excavation is located on the side of the upper ore body 12 away from the interlayer 11. The bottom of the lower hanging wall ventilation shaft 6 is connected to the cross-cutting transport roadway 3, and the segmented connecting roadway 53 led out from the stope 5 can also be excavated horizontally and connected to the lower hanging wall ventilation shaft 6. By setting up an additional footing pedestrian ventilation combined well 6, specifically for the outward transport of interlayer waste rock, it does not occupy the traditional footing pedestrian ventilation shaft 4 used for ventilation and pedestrian transport. This facilitates the movement of personnel inside and outside the stope 5. The collected interlayer waste rock is uniformly transported from the footing pedestrian ventilation combined well 6 to the cross-vein transport roadway 3 for transport. This simultaneously meets the needs of pedestrians transporting materials in and out of the stope and the removal of waste rock. The entry and exit of personnel, materials and equipment into and out of the stope is safer and more convenient, which is conducive to production continuity, significantly improves operational efficiency, and shortens the stope recovery cycle.

[0040] For example, consistent with the caving height of the interlayer waste rock, the caving height of both the upper ore body 12 and the lower ore body 13 is 2m. The upper ore body 12 and the lower ore body 13 are caved separately using micro-delay blasting technology, with a time difference of 15 milliseconds between each caving operation. After completing one round of mining, a relatively flat ore body and interlayer mining face are formed, facilitating the next round of cyclic mining.

[0041] Optionally, the ore discharge hopper 51 includes a first ore discharge hopper 511 and a second ore discharge hopper 512 arranged at intervals. The first ore discharge hopper 511 is located below the upper ore body 12, and the second ore discharge hopper 512 is located below the lower ore body 13. For example, during the mining process in step 3, corresponding first ore discharge hoppers 511 and second ore discharge hoppers 512 are set according to the distribution of the upper ore body 12 and the lower ore body 13 on both sides of the interbedded rock layer 11. During the caving and ore discharge of the upper ore body 12, the ore is discharged through the lower first ore discharge hopper.

[0042] Optionally, multiple segmented connecting roadways 53 are excavated along the strike of the superimposed deposit 1, and these roadways 53 are evenly spaced. A segmented connecting roadway 53 is set at 3.5m intervals along the strike of the superimposed deposit 1, that is, along the extension direction of the footing pedestrian ventilation combined shaft 6, to facilitate the outward transport of interlayer waste rock while excavating to the corresponding height.

[0043] It should be noted that during the ore discharge process and the ore being discharged from the ore discharge roadway 31 by the loader, strict ore discharge control management must be implemented. Ore discharge should be carried out on the slope with an inclination range of 25 to 30 degrees. First, the ore of the upper ore body 12 is discharged, and then the ore of the lower ore body 13 is discharged, until the ore room 5 is emptied, so as to achieve the purpose of separate mining.

[0044] Step 4: After the stope 5 is emptied, the ore discharge funnel 51 and the segmented connecting roadway 53 are sealed, and the stope 5 is cemented and filled.

[0045] Specifically, after the stope 5 is vented, the bottom structure outlets, including the ore hopper 51 and the segmented connecting roadway 53, as well as the connecting roads of each segment, are sealed. The ore extraction roadways and connecting roadways in the bottom structure and the raise are also sealed. Then, a branch filling pipe is connected from the filling pipe located in the bottom level roadway 52, and cemented filling material is injected into the stope through the footwall walkway to complete the filling of the goaf. Cemented filling is used to fill the goaf area. After the stope cemented material solidifies, pillar mining is carried out, and the pillar mining process is the same as the stope mining process. During the filling process, cemented filling material from the stope is used first for filling, to a height of 5 to 6 meters, and then low-strength cemented filling material is used to fill the goaf area.

[0046] The stratigraphic deposit mining method provided in this invention employs layered mining in the ore extraction and recovery processes. First, the interbedded waste rock in the central interbedded rock layer 11 of the stratigraphic deposit 1 is caved and collected, and then transported out of the stope 5 via the segmented connecting roadway 53. Next, the high-grade ore body is caved and layered, collected, and transported out, followed by the low-grade ore body. Compared to traditional methods, this method achieves separate mining of lean and rich ores during recovery, avoiding mixing of lean and rich ores and preventing low-grade ore from being mixed with high-grade ore during ore extraction. This effectively reduces the ore dilution rate, decreases the corresponding subsequent sorting work, effectively improves overall mining efficiency, and maximizes economic benefits.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an” or “a” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “comprising” or “including” and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding “comprising” or “including” encompass the elements or objects listed following “comprising” or “including” and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms “connected” or “linked” and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0048] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining method for a stratiform deposit, applicable to a stratiform deposit (1), said stratiform deposit (1) comprising an interbedded rock layer (11) and an upper ore body (12) and a lower ore body (13) distributed on both sides of said interbedded rock layer (11), characterized in that, include: Step 1: From the external transport roadway (2) of the footwall of the ore body, a cross-vein transport roadway (3) is excavated along one side of the lower ore body (13) towards the junction of the stope (5) and the pillar, until the ore-rock junction of the upper ore body (12). From the cross-vein transport roadway (3), the upper hanging wall ventilation shaft (4) is excavated upward along the strike of the stratified deposit (1), and the ore outlet roadway (31) is excavated from the cross-vein transport roadway (3) towards the bottom of the stope (5). Step 2: From the end of the ore outlet roadway (31), excavate the ore discharge funnel (51) upwards, and from the top of the ore discharge funnel (51) along the strike of the superimposed ore deposit (1), excavate the bottom-pulling horizontal roadway (52) connected to the upper hanging wall ventilation shaft (4), and use the bottom-pulling horizontal roadway (52) as the free face to pull the bottom and lift the top to form the ore room (5), and laterally excavate the segmented connecting roadway (53) connected to the through-vein transport roadway (3); Step 3: First, shallow-hole caving is used to collect the interbedded waste rock located in the interbedded rock layer (11), and it is discharged through the segmented connecting roadway (53). In this step, a footing ventilation and footing mixed shaft (6) is excavated along the strike of the superimposed ore deposit (1) in the footing of the ore body. The footing ventilation and footing mixed shaft (6) is independent of the upper footing ventilation shaft (4) and is specifically used for the outward transportation of the interbedded waste rock. It does not occupy the upper footing ventilation shaft (4). The footing ventilation and footing mixed shaft (6) is located on the side of the upper ore body (12) away from the interbedded rock layer (11). The bottom of the footing ventilation and footing mixed shaft (6) is connected to the through-vein transport roadway (3). The segmented connecting roadway (53) is connected to the footing pedestrian ventilation mixing shaft (6), and the collected interlayer waste rock is transported from the footing pedestrian ventilation mixing shaft (6) to the cross-vein transport roadway (3) for transportation out; then, the upper ore body (12) and the lower ore body (13) are defused using micro-differential blasting technology, and collected through the ore discharge funnel (51) and transported out through the cross-vein transport roadway (3) respectively. Strict ore discharge control management is implemented, and ore discharge is carried out through inclined planes with an inclination angle. First, the ore of the upper ore body (12) is discharged, and then the ore of the lower ore body (13) is discharged until the top pillar (m) of the ore body is mined. Step 4: After the ore chamber (5) is emptied, the ore discharge funnel (51) and the segmented connecting roadway (53) are sealed, and the ore chamber (5) is cemented and filled.

2. The method for mining multilayered deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ore discharge hopper (51) includes a first ore discharge hopper (511) and a second ore discharge hopper (512) arranged at intervals. The first ore discharge hopper (511) is located below the upper ore body (12), and the second ore discharge hopper (512) is located below the lower ore body (13).

3. The method for mining multilayered deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple segmented connecting roadways (53) are excavated along the strike of the superimposed deposit (1), and the multiple segmented connecting roadways (53) are evenly spaced.

4. The method for mining multilayered deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the mining height of the interlayer waste rock, the collapse height of the upper ore body (12) and the lower ore body (13) are all 2m.

5. The method for mining multilayered deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the slope angle range of the ore release control management is 25° to 30°.

6. The method for mining layered deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple ore extraction tunnels (31) are excavated in the excavation direction of the cross-vein transport tunnel (3), and the multiple ore extraction tunnels (31) are evenly spaced.

7. The method for mining multilayered deposits according to claim 6, characterized in that, The footwall of the ore body is excavated with multiple cross-vein transport roadways (3), which are arranged in parallel and inter-connected.

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