Automatic installation method of folding steel arch in tunnel surrounding rock

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of folding steel arch in tunnel surrounding rock in the method for erecting automatic installation, comprising the following steps: steel arch is prepositioned in folded form on stand;The middle part of erecting arch installation trolley has through hole;The front end of erecting arch installation trolley is equipped with automatic erecting mechanism, including two groups of upper end clamping arms and two groups of outer clamping arms;Control the stand loaded with steel arch moves forward to the front of erecting arch installation trolley;Two groups of upper end clamping arms are controlled to clamp the top arch section of steel arch, and the support of stand to steel arch is released, so that each arch section is drooping to both sides;Upper end clamping arm lifts top arch section to vault top in place, then control two groups of outer clamping arms to push outward, under the action of outward expansion, each arch section of steel arch is hinged outward from folded state until forming arch-shaped steel arch, and locking is formed between adjacent arch sections through male and female splicing end head.The application has the advantages that: automatic steel arch installation can be realized, which is fast and efficient, and is convenient for large-scale construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically relating to an automatic installation method for a folded steel arch frame in the surrounding rock of a tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] Steel arch support is a support measure for reinforcing underground engineering projects using shaped steel sections. It utilizes L-shaped, U-shaped, and I-shaped steel sections, as well as steel rails and pipes, processed into the required shapes, and then installed as a whole or assembled from individual sections to reinforce underground engineering. It can be combined with anchor bolts, shotcrete, and steel mesh to form a composite support system. Existing steel arch supports include two types: fixed steel arch supports and folding steel arch supports. They possess immediate strength and rigidity, and can control excessive deformation of the surrounding rock, but are more expensive and require strict precision in the excavation cross-section dimensions. This method is often used in shallowly buried, biased, and short-term self-stabilizing rock formations, as well as in loose, fractured, water-bearing, and expansive soils.

[0003] In existing folding steel arch frames, two adjacent sections are often connected by hinged steel plates. During transportation, the steel arch frame is folded in multiple segments. When unfolded and supported, the steel plates on adjacent sections are tightened and fixed with tie bolts. However, this fixing method is severely limited by construction space. The outer arc surface of the steel arch frame is often close to or supported on the tunnel arch, and the construction gap is already small. This results in low work efficiency when bolting the connection between two sections of the steel arch frame.

[0004] In addition, most steel arch frames are currently installed manually, which is not only inefficient, but also poses many dangers when manual work is carried out in locations without stable support. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an automatic installation method for folded steel arch frames in tunnel surrounding rock. This automatic installation method involves loading the steel arch in a folded form into a frame with a rectangular frame so that it can automatically move to the front of the arch installation trolley. The steel arch is clamped by the clamping arms on the arch installation trolley, and the frame is driven away. The folded steel arch is unfolded by the arch installation trolley, and the splicing is locked by the male and female splicing ends between the arch segments.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for automatically installing a folding steel arch frame in tunnel surrounding rock, characterized in that the automatic installation method includes the following steps: S1: The steel arch is pre-positioned on the support frame in a folded form; the support frame includes a rectangular frame for accommodating the steel arch and a walkable mechanism disposed below the rectangular frame. The steel arch is composed of several hinged arch segments. The end faces of adjacent arch segments are connected by inserting a male splicing end into a female splicing end. The male splicing end includes a vertical rod welded to the end face of the arch segment. Two barbed diagonal rods are symmetrically welded to the front end of the vertical rod. The vertical rod and the two diagonal rods together form an anchor-shaped male splicing end. The female splicing end includes a groove formed on the end face of the arch segment. Spring limiting mechanisms are respectively provided on the outer end faces of the two sides of the groove. The spring limiting mechanism includes a fixed plate, a spring, and a translation block. One end of the spring is fixed to the fixed plate, and the other end is fixed to the translation block. Under the action of the spring, the translation block slides on the opening of the groove and the outer end face of the groove. S2: An arch mounting trolley is provided in front of the upright frame. The middle part of the arch mounting trolley has a through hole for the upright frame to travel through. An automatic erection mechanism is installed at the front end of the arch mounting trolley. The automatic erection mechanism includes two sets of upper clamping arms and two sets of outer clamping arms. The upright frame carrying the steel arch is controlled to move forward and pass through the through hole of the arch mounting trolley to the front of the arch mounting trolley. The two sets of upper clamping arms are controlled to move forward and clamp the top arch section of the steel arch, and then the rectangular frame is released. The open base plate restricts the steel arch so that each arch segment of the steel arch droops to both sides, and the front support frame is disengaged from the steel arch; the two sets of upper clamping arms lift the top arch segment to the top of the arch and position it, and then control the two sets of outer clamping arms to extend and retract to the longitudinal depth position of the steel arch and push it outward. Under the outward expansion action of the outer clamping arms, each arch segment of the steel arch hinges outward from the folded state until it forms an arched steel arch, and adjacent arch segments are locked together by inserting the male splicing end into the female splicing end; S3: Inject concrete grout into the female splice end and cure it to solidify the male splice end and the female splice end into a single structure.

[0007] The steel arch has an I-shaped cross-section, and the arch segments are a top arch segment, a left arch waist segment, a left arch foot segment, a right arch waist segment, and a right arch foot segment. The top arch segment has male splicing ends at both ends. The left arch waist segment has a female splicing end at the upper end and a male splicing end at the lower end. The right arch waist segment has a female splicing end at the upper end and a male splicing end at the lower end. The left arch foot segment and the right arch foot segment both have female splicing ends at their upper ends.

[0008] The bottom of the rectangular frame is provided with a split base plate, which consists of two base plates. The two sides of the split base plate are respectively hinged to the bottom two sides of the rectangular frame. A telescopic electric pin mechanism is provided between the joints of the split base plates for locking.

[0009] The automatic erection mechanism is equipped with a vertical lifting mechanism. The end of the upper clamping arm is fixed to the vertical lifting mechanism and is driven by the vertical lifting mechanism to move up and down. The upper clamping arm is composed of a hydraulic telescopic mechanism. An electric clamping mechanism is provided at the front end of the upper clamping arm. The electric clamping mechanism lifts the top arch section by clamping the top arch section.

[0010] The two sets of outer clamping arms are respectively located on the lower sides of the vertical arch installation trolley. The outer clamping arms are composed of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms. A push-clamping mechanism pointing outward is provided at the front end of the outer clamping arm. The push-clamping mechanism includes a horizontal hydraulic cylinder and a clamping part located at the outer end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder. The clamping part is concave and a number of rollers are arranged on the concave inner surface.

[0011] The front end of the translation block has an arc-shaped chamfer.

[0012] The width of the groove is the same as the maximum width of the male splice end, and the depth of the groove is the same as the length of the vertical rod of the male splice end.

[0013] The advantages of this invention are: (1) It can realize automated steel arch installation, which is fast, efficient and convenient for large-scale construction; (2) Adjacent arch sections are quickly assembled and locked by inserting the male splice end, which is in the shape of an iron anchor, into the female splice end, which has a spring limiting mechanism. This avoids the inconvenience of connecting with nuts in the past. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall folded steel arch in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of inserting the male splice end between adjacent arch segments into the female splice end in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the male splicing end between adjacent arch segments is inserted into the female splicing end to complete the locking process in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the steel arch being pre-installed on the support frame in a folded form in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the split base plate on the upright frame of the present invention being opened; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the steel arch sagging after the split base plate is opened in this invention; Figure 7 This is a side view of the upper clamping arm in this invention; Figure 8 This is a top view of the upper clamping arm and the outer clamping arm in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The features and other related features of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so as to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art: like Figure 1-8 The markings in the figure are as follows: Top arch section 1, Left arch waist section 2, Left arch foot section 3, Right arch waist section 4, Right arch foot section 5, Female splice end 6, Groove 61, Fixing plate 62, Spring 63, Translation block 64, Male splice end 7, Vertical rod 71, Diagonal rod 72, Hinge shaft 8, Rectangular frame 9, Split base plate 10, Limiting ring 11, Telescopic electric pin mechanism 12, Traveling mechanism 13, Vertical lifting mechanism 14, Upper clamping arm 15, Hydraulic telescopic mechanism 16, Electric clamping mechanism 17, Outer clamping arm 18, Horizontal hydraulic cylinder 19, Clamping part 20.

[0016] Example: Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment specifically relates to an automatic installation method for a folding steel arch frame in the surrounding rock of a tunnel. The automatic installation method includes the following steps: (S1) The steel arch is pre-positioned on the support frame in a folded form. The support frame includes a rectangular frame 9 for accommodating the steel arch and a walkable mechanism 13 disposed below the rectangular frame 9.

[0017] The steel arch has an I-shaped cross-section and is composed of a top arch segment 1, a left arch waist segment 2, a left arch foot segment 3, a right arch waist segment 4, and a right arch foot segment 5, which are connected by hinges and plugs. The ends of adjacent arch segments are connected by hinge shafts 8 on their inner sides. Specifically, the lower left end of the top arch segment 1 is hinged to the upper end of the left arch waist segment 2 via hinge shaft 8, the lower right end of the top arch segment 1 is hinged to the upper end of the right arch waist segment 4 via hinge shaft 8, the upper end of the left arch foot segment 3 is hinged to the lower end of the left arch waist segment 2 via hinge shaft 8, and the upper end of the right arch foot segment 5 is hinged to the lower end of the right arch waist segment 4 via hinge shaft 8.

[0018] like Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 3, the male splicing end 7 includes a vertical rod 71 and two diagonal rods 72. The vertical rod 71 is made of steel pipe and its rear end is vertically welded to the end panel of the arch section. Two barbed diagonal rods 72 are symmetrically welded to the front end of the vertical rod 71. The diagonal rods 72 and the vertical rod 71 form a certain angle. The combination of the three components forms an anchor-shaped male splicing end 7. The female splicing end 7 includes a groove 61, a fixing plate 62, a spring 63, and a translation stop 64. The width of the groove 61 corresponds to the maximum width of the male splicing end 7, and the depth of the groove 61 corresponds to the height of the male splicing end 7, so that after the male splicing end 7 is inserted into it, it can maintain a fit with the side walls and bottom wall of the groove 61 to form a limit. Spring limiting mechanisms are respectively provided on the outer end faces of both sides of the groove 61. The fixing plate 62 in the spring limiting mechanism is fixed to the outer side of the arch section. One end of the spring 63 is fixed on the fixing plate 62 and the other end is fixed on the rear end of the translation block 64 (the fixing plate 62 is L-shaped, forming a sliding mechanism for the spring 63 and the translation block 64, and can also limit the translation block 64). When the spring 63 is not under pressure, the spring 63 is at its maximum stroke and pushes the translation block 64 forward to the top of the groove 61. When the arch section is rotating, the male splice end 7 is rotated and inserted into the groove 61 of the female splice end 6. The two inclined plates on the male splice end 7 The rod 72 contacts the translation block 64, and under the clamping force of the rod 72, the translation block 64 moves outward and presses the spring 63 to allow the rod 72 to gradually enter the groove 61. It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the sliding fit between the outer end of the rod 72 and the translation block 64, the outer end of the translation block 64 is chamfered and rounded. After the rod 72 is fully inserted into the groove 61, the rod 72 disengages from the translation block 64 and the clamping force is released. Under the rebound force of the spring 63, the translation block 64 returns to its original position and moves to the top of the groove 61 to limit the male splice end 7. In other words, when the male splice end 7 is fully inserted into the groove 61, it is fully limited by the two side walls, the bottom surface, and the translation block 64, thereby forming a stable connection between adjacent arch sections and avoiding the inconvenience of further tightening with bolts.

[0019] (S2) such as Figure 4 , 5 As shown in Figure 6, an arch-mounting trolley (not shown in the figure) is installed in front of the upright frame. The trolley has a through hole in its middle section for the upright frame to pass through. An automatic erection mechanism is installed at the front end of the trolley; this automatic erection mechanism includes two sets of upper clamping arms and two sets of outer clamping arms. It should be noted that, for clarity of the image, [the following text is missing]. Figure 4 , 5 The male splicing end 7 and the female splicing end 6 at the end of the arch section are not shown in section 6. The frame carrying the folded steel arch is controlled to move forward and pass through the through hole of the arch mounting trolley to the front of the arch mounting trolley; such as Figure 4 , 5 As shown in Figure 6, the two sets of upper clamping arms are controlled to move forward and clamp the top arch section 1 of the steel arch. Then, the restrictive support of the split bottom plate 10 of the rectangular frame 9 on the steel arch is released, so that each arch section of the steel arch (left arch waist section 2, left arch foot section 3, right arch waist section 4, and right arch foot section 5) hangs down to both sides. Then, the upright is moved forward to disengage from the steel arch. The upright is specifically composed of the rectangular frame 9 and the traveling mechanism 13. Therefore, when the traveling mechanism 13 has self-propelled capability, it can drive the rectangular frame 9 to move forward and disengage from the steel arch. Two sets of upper clamping arms 15 lift the top arch section 1 to the top of the arch and position it. Then, control the two sets of outer clamping arms to extend and retract to the longitudinal depth position of the steel arch and push it outward. Under the outward expansion action of the outer clamping arms, each arch section of the steel arch (left arch waist section 2, left arch foot section 3, right arch waist section 4, right arch foot section 5) hinges outward from the folded state until it forms an arched steel arch. Adjacent arch sections are locked together by inserting the male splicing end 7 into the female splicing end 6.

[0020] like Figure 5 As shown, it should be noted that the bottom of the rectangular frame 9 is provided with a split base plate 10, which consists of two base plates. The two sides of the split base plate 10 are respectively hinged to the bottom two edges of the rectangular frame 9. A telescopic electric pin mechanism 12 and a limiting ring 11 are provided between the joints of the split base plates 10 for locking. That is, the limiting ring 11 is fixed to one side of the base plate, and the telescopic electric pin mechanism 12 is fixed to the other side of the base plate. When it is necessary to close and lock the split base plate 10, the telescopic rod of the telescopic electric pin mechanism 12 is controlled to extend and extend into the limiting ring 11. When it is necessary to open the split base plate 10 to release the steel arch, the telescopic rod of the telescopic electric pin mechanism 12 is controlled to retract and disengage from the limiting ring 11, thereby releasing the closed state of the split base plate 10.

[0021] like Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the automatic erection mechanism is equipped with a vertical lifting mechanism 14. The end of the upper clamping arm 15 is fixed to the vertical lifting mechanism 14 and the vertical lifting mechanism 14 drives the upper clamping arm 15 to move up and down. The upper clamping arm 15 is composed of a hydraulic telescopic mechanism 16. An electric clamping mechanism 17 is provided at the front end of the upper clamping arm 15. The electric clamping mechanism 17 lifts the top arch section 1 by clamping the top arch section 1.

[0022] like Figure 7 , 8As shown, two sets of outer clamping arms are respectively located at the lower part of both sides of the arch installation trolley. The outer clamping arms are composed of a hydraulic telescopic mechanism 18. A push clamping mechanism pointing outward is provided at the front end of the outer clamping arm 18. The push clamping mechanism includes a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 19 and a clamping part 20 provided at the outer end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 19. The clamping part 20 is concave and several rollers are arranged on the concave inner surface.

[0023] (S3) Finally, concrete grout is injected into the female splice end 6 and cured to solidify the male splice end 7 and the female splice end 6 into a single structure.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: (1) It can realize automated steel arch installation, which is fast, efficient and convenient for large-scale construction; (2) Adjacent arch sections are quickly assembled and locked by inserting the male splice end, which is in the shape of an iron anchor, into the female splice end, which has a spring limiting mechanism. This avoids the inconvenience of connecting with nuts in the past.

Claims

1. A method for automatically installing a folding steel arch frame in the surrounding rock of a tunnel, characterized in that... The automatic installation method for the vertical arch includes the following steps: S1: The steel arch is pre-positioned on the support frame in a folded form; the support frame includes a rectangular frame for accommodating the steel arch and a walkable mechanism disposed below the rectangular frame. The steel arch is composed of several hinged arch segments. The end faces of adjacent arch segments are connected by inserting a male splicing end into a female splicing end. The male splicing end includes a vertical rod welded to the end face of the arch segment. Two barbed diagonal rods are symmetrically welded to the front end of the vertical rod. The vertical rod and the two diagonal rods together form an anchor-shaped male splicing end. The female splicing end includes a groove formed on the end face of the arch segment. Spring limiting mechanisms are respectively provided on the outer end faces of the two sides of the groove. The spring limiting mechanism includes a fixed plate, a spring, and a translation block. One end of the spring is fixed to the fixed plate, and the other end is fixed to the translation block. Under the action of the spring, the translation block slides on the opening of the groove and the outer end face of the groove. S2: An arch mounting trolley is provided in front of the upright frame. The middle part of the arch mounting trolley has a through hole for the upright frame to travel through. An automatic erection mechanism is installed at the front end of the arch mounting trolley. The automatic erection mechanism includes two sets of upper clamping arms and two sets of outer clamping arms. The upright frame carrying the steel arch is controlled to move forward and pass through the through hole of the arch mounting trolley to the front of the arch mounting trolley. The two sets of upper clamping arms are controlled to move forward and clamp the top arch section of the steel arch, and then the rectangular frame is released. The open base plate restricts the steel arch so that each arch segment of the steel arch droops to both sides, and the front support frame is disengaged from the steel arch; the two sets of upper clamping arms lift the top arch segment to the top of the arch and position it, and then control the two sets of outer clamping arms to extend and retract to the longitudinal depth position of the steel arch and push it outward. Under the outward expansion action of the outer clamping arms, each arch segment of the steel arch hinges outward from the folded state until it forms an arched steel arch, and adjacent arch segments are locked together by inserting the male splicing end into the female splicing end; S3: Inject concrete grout into the female splice end and cure it to solidify the male splice end and the female splice end into a single structure.

2. The automatic installation method of a folding steel arch frame in tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that... The steel arch has an I-shaped cross-section, and the arch segments are a top arch segment, a left arch waist segment, a left arch foot segment, a right arch waist segment, and a right arch foot segment. The top arch segment has male splicing ends at both ends. The left arch waist segment has a female splicing end at the upper end and a male splicing end at the lower end. The right arch waist segment has a female splicing end at the upper end and a male splicing end at the lower end. The left arch foot segment and the right arch foot segment both have female splicing ends at their upper ends.

3. The automatic installation method of a folding steel arch frame in tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that... The bottom of the rectangular frame is provided with a split base plate, which consists of two base plates. The two sides of the split base plate are respectively hinged to the bottom two sides of the rectangular frame. A telescopic electric pin mechanism is provided between the joints of the split base plates for locking.

4. The automatic installation method of a folding steel arch frame in tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that... The automatic erection mechanism is equipped with a vertical lifting mechanism. The end of the upper clamping arm is fixed to the vertical lifting mechanism and is driven by the vertical lifting mechanism to move up and down. The upper clamping arm is composed of a hydraulic telescopic mechanism. An electric clamping mechanism is provided at the front end of the upper clamping arm. The electric clamping mechanism lifts the top arch section by clamping the top arch section.

5. The automatic installation method of a folding steel arch frame in tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 4, characterized in that... The two sets of outer clamping arms are respectively located on the lower sides of the vertical arch installation trolley. The outer clamping arms are composed of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms. A push-clamping mechanism pointing outward is provided at the front end of the outer clamping arm. The push-clamping mechanism includes a horizontal hydraulic cylinder and a clamping part located at the outer end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder. The clamping part is concave and a number of rollers are arranged on the concave inner surface.

6. The automatic installation method of a folding steel arch frame in tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that... The front end of the translation block has an arc-shaped chamfer.

7. The automatic installation method of a folding steel arch frame in tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that... The width of the groove is the same as the maximum width of the male splice end, and the depth of the groove is the same as the length of the vertical rod of the male splice end.

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