Large shaft workpiece forging equipment and method

Abstract

The application discloses a large shaft workpiece forging equipment and a working method, which comprises a forging equipment, the forging equipment comprises a base and a top beam, a forging tool is oppositely arranged between the base and the top beam, the forging tool comprises a forging hammer mechanism and a roller for rotary rolling which are combined into one body, the forging hammer mechanism is used for pressing and forging, and the roller is used for rotary rolling, the application sets a mixed forging and rolling equipment which is combined into one body and is provided with a hammer head and a rotary head, when in use, the rotary head is recycled, then the hammer head with a plane or a special shape is used for extrusion forging, at least the rotary head is combined to realize the rolling forging and shaping process of the rotary circular track formed by rotating outside the raw material, when the shaft workpiece is processed, the processing technology of preliminary shaping and rolling accurate shaping can be realized, the shape of the shaft forging can be more accurately controlled during rough machining, and then the error and the waste of cutting can be maximally reduced during finish machining, the processing amount can be maximally reduced, and the efficiency of the later processing is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft forging processing, specifically to a forging equipment and method for large shaft workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] In the production of shaft structural components, forging is the most commonly used roughing method for shaft workpieces. In the existing shaft forging process, especially for medium and large shaft forgings, die forging is difficult, and the die forging dies are too large, making it impossible to fully guarantee the uniformity of forging and the internal structure. What is even more inconvenient is that the rolling forging method is not very suitable for crankshaft forging. Therefore, stamping forging is used to rough-machine the forgings, which simplifies the shaping and controls the external roundness of the shaft forgings to the greatest extent. However, because the extrusion method is used in the processing, a large machining allowance needs to be reserved to ensure that there is no problem of missing allowance during the finishing of the forging. However, in order to control this allowance, a large machining allowance is added, resulting in wasted cutting. Furthermore, multiple cutting is required in the thicker machining areas, which affects the machining efficiency of finishing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a forging equipment and method for large shaft-type workpieces to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a forging equipment and method for large shaft workpieces, including a forging equipment, wherein the forging equipment includes a base and a top beam, and forging fixtures are arranged opposite to each other between the base and the top beam;

[0005] The forging fixture includes a forging hammer mechanism for pressure forging and a rotary rolling mill, which are combined into one unit.

[0006] The top beam can be raised and lowered, and the forging fixture set at the bottom of the top beam can be raised and lowered independently or driven to be raised and lowered by the top beam.

[0007] The roller includes a rotating head, which has a fan-shaped structure, and the included angle of the fan-shaped edge is greater than 180° and less than 220°.

[0008] The radius of the rotating head's fan-shaped surface is greater than the distance between its rotation center and the bottom surface of the forging hammer.

[0009] Preferably, a lifter is provided at the inner edge of the base and the top beam.

[0010] Preferably, the forging hammer mechanism includes a guide tube, inside which is fitted a guide rod capable of being raised and lowered, and a hammer head is provided at the bottom end of the guide rod.

[0011] Preferably, a retaining ring is welded between the guide rod and the hammer head, and the rotating head is rotatably assembled at the center of the retaining ring.

[0012] Preferably, the outer assembly of the fixing ring is fitted with a fixing cover, the inner wall of the fixing cover and the inner side of the fixing ring are provided with ball grooves, the ball grooves are fitted with balls, and rollers are fitted between the balls on both sides.

[0013] Preferably, threaded grooves are formed inside both sides of the roller.

[0014] Preferably, extension brackets are welded to both sides of the guide rod, a rotating shaft is provided on the inner side of the center of the rotating head, a fixed head is provided on the inner end of the rotating shaft, and a telescopic rod that can be extended and retracted is hinged to the outer side of the rotating head, with the top end of the telescopic rod hinged to the front end of the extension bracket.

[0015] Preferably, the outer edge of the fan-shaped rotating head is spiral or vertical semi-circular.

[0016] A forging equipment and method for large shaft-type workpieces, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Raw material preparation. The steel to be processed is heated to the forging temperature and then transported to the inside of two sets of forging fixtures using external clamps and transport equipment.

[0018] Step 2: Shaping and forging. Rotate the rotating head to the outside to expose the inner hammer head. Then, activate the hydraulic mechanism set inside the guide tube and guide rod to drive the hammer head to rise and fall within the pressure working range. When the forging height exceeds the internal hydraulic mechanism, use the lifting device to drive the initial forging of the forging material.

[0019] Step 3: Uniform shape. After the overall shape is initially forged, the circular cross-section shaft forging material is rolled and shaped by external clamping equipment and the rotating head driven by the telescopic rod. By setting the vertical lifting speed, the forging depth increases by an appropriate unit amount for each rotation.

[0020] Preferably, in step three, the upper and lower rotating heads always have vertical support on the inner side of the rotation. There are two support methods: one is four sets of forging fixtures distributed vertically, and the other is four sets of fixtures distributed circumferentially.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a hybrid forging equipment with a hammer and a rotating head integrated into one unit. In use, by retracting the rotating head, the hammer with a flat or specially shaped head can be used for extrusion forging. By combining at least one set of rotating heads, a rolling forging shaping process can be achieved by rotating outside the raw material to form a rolling circular trajectory. In the processing of shaft workpieces, it can realize the processing technology of preliminary shaping and precise rolling shaping. It can more accurately control the shape of shaft forgings during rough machining, and then minimize errors and cutting waste during finish machining. It can minimize the amount of machining and improve the efficiency of subsequent processing. It can be applied to stamping forging, free forging, rolling forging, crankshaft forging and shaping, etc., and the processing methods are flexible and diverse. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the forging processing equipment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front view of the forging processing equipment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a left view of the forging processing equipment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the forging device structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the forging machine assembly from one perspective of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the forging machine assembly from a second perspective of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a rear view of the forging machine of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the processing equipment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional view of the processing equipment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a front view of the second form of the processing equipment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a third front view of the processing equipment configuration of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a two-dimensional view of the shape of the rotator of the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Forging equipment, 11. Base, 12. Lifter, 13. Top beam, 2. Hammer forging mechanism, 21. Guide tube, 22. Guide rod, 23. Fixing ring, 24. Hammer head, 25. Ball groove, 26. Fixing cover, 27. Ball, 28. Roller, 29. Extension bracket, 3. Roller, 31. Rotating head, 32. Telescopic rod, 33. Rotating shaft, 34. Fixing head. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Please see Figure 1-11 The present invention provides a technical solution: a forging equipment and method for large shaft workpieces, including a forging equipment 1, the forging equipment 1 including a base 11 and a top beam 13, and forging fixtures are arranged opposite to each other between the base 11 and the top beam 13;

[0037] The forging fixture includes a forging hammer mechanism 2 for pressure forging and a rotary rolling mill 3, which are combined into one unit.

[0038] The top beam 13 can be raised and lowered. The forging fixture set at the bottom of the top beam 13 can be raised and lowered independently or driven to be raised and lowered by the top beam 13.

[0039] The roller 3 includes a rotating head 31, which has a fan-shaped structure, and the included angle of the fan-shaped edge is greater than 180° and less than 220°.

[0040] The radius of the rotating head 31 is greater than the distance between its rotation center and the bottom surface of the forging hammer.

[0041] This invention provides a hybrid forging device consisting of a hammerhead 24 and a rotating head 31 integrated into one unit. During use, by retracting the rotating head 31, the hammerhead, either flat or of a specific shape, can be used for extrusion forging. Combining at least four sets of rotating heads 31 enables a rolling forging process that forms a circular trajectory around the raw material. In shaft-type workpiece processing, this allows for both preliminary shaping and precise rolling shaping. It provides more precise control over the shape of shaft forgings during rough machining, thereby minimizing errors and cutting waste during finish machining, reducing machining volume, and improving the efficiency of subsequent processing.

[0042] Specifically, a lifting device 12 is provided at the inner edge of the base 11 and the top beam 13. The lifting device 12 is a hydraulic rod structure. During use, hydraulic oil is pumped in or out by the hydraulic station to drive the lifting. It can adjust the distance between the top beam 13 and the base 11. The forging fixture located on the top of the base 11 can use an auxiliary bracket to limit the hammer head 24 to a fixed state during use. The structure of non-drive lifting is adopted, which helps to reduce the drive structure and improve the structural strength of the base. Alternatively, a long strip base can be used directly and the roller 3 can be installed directly.

[0043] Specifically, the forging hammer mechanism 2 includes a guide tube 21, inside which is fitted a guide rod 22 that can be raised and lowered. A hammer head 24 is provided at the bottom end of the guide rod 22. The size and thickness of the hammer head 24 need to be determined according to the actual processing requirements. At least it needs to meet the hardness requirements during the forging process. The appropriate size and shape of the hammer head 24 should be selected according to the area of ​​the forging process. The hammer head 24 can be a replaceable structure that is fixed by bolts.

[0044] The hammers are arranged in at least two sets, one above the other, to compress and shape the forging material placed horizontally in the middle.

[0045] Specifically, a retaining ring 23 is welded between the guide rod 22 and the hammer head 24, and the rotating head 31 is rotatably assembled at the center of the retaining ring 23.

[0046] Specifically, the outer assembly of the fixing ring 23 is fitted with a fixing cover 26. The inner wall of the fixing cover 26 and the inner side of the fixing ring 23 are provided with ball grooves 25. Balls 27 are sleeved inside the ball grooves 25, and rollers 28 are sleeved between the two balls 27.

[0047] The fixed ring 23 has rollers 28 distributed in a ring shape inside. The rollers 28 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the connection part at the axis of the rotating head 31 to improve the lubrication effect and ensure the pressure resistance. The two sides of the rollers 28 are spherical grooves. The spherical grooves can cooperate with the balls 27 to roll and move inside the ball groove 25, reducing wear on both sides. They can also position the rotation of the rollers 28, providing a stable lubrication support structure for the rotating head 31, ensuring the concentricity of the rotating head 31 during operation and the stability of the rotating head 31 under pressure.

[0048] Specifically, the roller 28 has threaded grooves on both sides. After a certain period of use, the ball bearing 27 on one side can be removed by disassembling and assembling the fixing cover 26. Then, a tool screw is screwed into the threaded groove to facilitate the removal of the roller 28, improving the efficiency of disassembly and assembly. The tool-assisted disassembly and assembly method can avoid the contamination of lubricating oil and improve the cleanliness of the working environment. The number of screw turns between the threaded groove and the tool screw needs to be determined according to the weight of the roller 28. The number of screw turns should be sufficient to ensure that the roller 28 is easy to disassemble and assemble.

[0049] Specifically, extension brackets 29 are welded to both sides of the guide rod 22, a rotating shaft 33 is provided on the inner side of the center of the rotating head 31, a fixed head 34 is provided on the inner end of the rotating shaft 33, and a telescopic rod 32 that can be extended and retracted is hinged to the outer side of the rotating head 31, with the top end of the telescopic rod 32 hinged to the front end of the extension bracket 29.

[0050] The rotating head 31 can be used in at least two ways:

[0051] Rotating heads 31 are distributed on both sides of the hammer head 24. The rotating heads 31 are symmetrical and are driven to rotate individually by a separate telescopic rod 32. To achieve this structure, it is only necessary to divide the rotating shaft 33 into inner and outer shafts and assemble them uniformly on the inner side of the roller 28. Through the symmetrical arrangement on both sides, the telescopic rod 32 can drive a rotating head 31 on each side of the hammer head 24 to form an integral cylindrical structure with overlapping edges. The rotating head 31 rolls on the outside of the shaft forging to trim the circumference of the forging material.

[0052] The rotating head 31 has a 3 / 4 fan-shaped structure. When the remaining 1 / 4 opening is symmetrically facing downwards, the exposed opening can expose the hammer head 24 for normal forging. When using the rotating head 31 on one side, the small openings are used alternately, and the large fan-shaped structures face each other to trim the round shaft of the forging material.

[0053] In addition to the above-mentioned uses of the rotating head 31, it also has at least two distribution methods for forging tooling;

[0054] One of them is as shown in the figure. Figure 3 or Figure 8 The forging fixture shown is configured such that the hammers 24 of the two forging fixtures are arranged opposite each other for vertical processing, and the external circular roller-shaped rolling conveyor can perform circumferential motion outside the forging material.

[0055] Another one is like Figure 8 or Figure 9The forging fixture setup shown uses four sets of forging fixtures. Without external auxiliary circumferential support rotating equipment, the four rotating heads 31 always have at least two points to shape the outer surface of the forging material when rotating at the same speed. Furthermore, the forging fixtures with lateral support on both sides can rise and fall in the vertical plane with the height of the workpiece, making it convenient to be aligned with the axis.

[0056] Specifically, the outer edge of the rotating head's fan-shaped surface is spiral or vertically semi-circular. From a top-down view, the rotating heads 31 are distributed in either a rectangular straight shape or a spiral shape. Both shapes of the rotating heads 31 employ segmented trimming and continuous trimming methods. The straight-shaped rotating head 31 is mostly used for trimming the ends of cylindrical shafts or other special end positions where a straight transition is required. The continuous spiral shape is often used for trimming the outer section of a continuous cylinder. The specific structure of the spiral shape lies in the fact that the left edge of the fan-shaped surface has a certain difference in axial direction from the right edge. Figure 12 As shown, when multiple sets are used, the shapes of the rotating heads 31 in the set should be set to a consistent structure.

[0057] A forging equipment and method for large shaft-type workpieces, comprising the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Raw material preparation. The steel to be processed is heated to the forging temperature and then transported to the inside of two sets of forging fixtures using external clamps and transport equipment.

[0059] Step 2: Shaping and forging. Rotate the rotating head 31 to the outside to expose the inner hammer head 24. Then, start the hydraulic mechanism set inside the guide tube 21 and guide rod 22 to drive the hammer head 24 to rise and fall within the pressure working range. When the forging height exceeds the internal hydraulic mechanism, the lifting device 12 is used to drive the initial forging of the forging material.

[0060] Step 3: Uniform shape. After the overall shape is initially forged, the circular cross-section shaft forging material is rolled and shaped by external fixture equipment and the rotating head 31 driven by the telescopic rod 32. By setting the vertical lifting speed, the forging depth increases by an appropriate unit amount for each rotation.

[0061] Specifically, in step three, the upper and lower rotating heads 31 always have vertical support on the inner side of the rotation. There are two support methods: one is four sets of forging fixtures distributed vertically, and the other is four sets of fixtures distributed circumferentially.

[0062] The telescopic rod 32 is a hydraulic rod structure that reciprocates and extends to drive the rotating head 31 to rotate. An auxiliary hydraulic rod is mounted on the outer side of the telescopic rod 32 to push the telescopic rod 32 past the critical point when it is at the critical point. The driving method of the rotating head 31 is not limited to the telescopic rod 32, but should also include all devices that can drive the rotating head 31 to rotate, such as the hydraulic rotating shaft structure set in the center.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forging equipment for large shaft-type workpieces, characterized in that: The forging equipment (1) includes a base (11) and a top beam (13). Forging fixtures are provided opposite to each other between the base (11) and the top beam (13). A lifter (12) is provided at the inner edge of the base (11) and the top beam (13). The forging fixture includes a forging hammer mechanism (2) for pressure forging and a rotary rolling mill (3) for rotary rolling. The top beam (13) can be raised and lowered, and the forging fixture set at the bottom of the top beam (13) can be raised and lowered independently or driven to be raised and lowered by the top beam (13); The roller (3) includes a rotating head (31), which is a fan-shaped structure, and the included angle of the fan-shaped edge is greater than 180° and less than 270°. The radius of the fan of the rotating head (31) is greater than the distance between its rotation center and the bottom surface of the hammer (24); The forging hammer mechanism (2) includes a guide tube (21), inside which is fitted a guide rod (22) that can be raised and lowered, and a hammer head (24) is provided at the bottom end of the guide rod (22). A fixing ring (23) is welded between the guide rod (22) and the hammer head (24), and the rotating head (31) is rotatably assembled at the center of the fixing ring (23); The guide rod (22) is welded with extension brackets (29) on both sides. The rotating head (31) is provided with a rotating shaft (33) on the inner side of its center. The rotating shaft (33) is provided with a fixed head (34) on its inner end. The rotating head (31) is hinged with a telescopic rod (32) that can extend and retract. The top end of the telescopic rod (32) is hinged to the front end of the extension bracket (29).

2. The forging equipment for large shaft-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing ring (23) is externally assembled with a fixing cover (26). The inner wall of the fixing cover (26) and the inner side of the fixing ring (23) are provided with ball grooves (25). Balls (27) are sleeved inside the ball grooves (25), and rollers (28) are sleeved between the balls (27) on both sides.

3. The forging equipment for large shaft-type workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The roller (28) has threaded grooves on both sides inside.

4. The forging equipment for large shaft-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer edge of the fan-shaped rotating head (31) is spiral or vertical semi-circular.

5. A processing method for a large shaft-type workpiece forging equipment according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Forging raw material preparation. The forging raw material to be processed is heated to the forging temperature, and then transported to the inside of two sets of forging fixtures using external clamps and transport equipment. Step 2: Shaping and forging. Rotate the rotating head (31) to the outside to expose the inner hammer head (24). Then start the hydraulic mechanism set inside the guide tube (21) and guide rod (22) to drive the hammer head (24) to rise and fall. Work within the pressure working range. When the forging height exceeds the stroke of the internal hydraulic mechanism, use the lifting device (12) to drive the initial forging of the forging material shape. Step 3: Uniform shape. After the overall shape is initially forged, the circular cross-section shaft forging material is rolled and shaped by external clamps and the rotating head (31) driven by the telescopic rod (32). By setting the vertical lifting speed, the forging depth increases by an appropriate unit amount for each roll.

6. The processing method of a forging equipment for large shaft-type workpieces according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, the upper and lower rotating heads (31) always have vertical support on the inner side of the rotation. There are two support methods: one is four sets of forging fixtures distributed vertically, and the other is four sets of forging fixtures distributed circumferentially.

Images