Slope monitoring and anchor support integrated device and slope support monitoring method

Abstract

The application relates to a slope monitoring and anchor cable support integrated device and a monitoring method of anchor cable support, wherein the slope monitoring and anchor cable support integrated device comprises an anchor cable support assembly, a monitoring assembly, a first sensing module, a second sensing module and a control assembly; the anchor cable support assembly is used for anchoring a slope and providing prestress; the monitoring assembly cooperates with a displacement sensor to monitor and determine whether the rock mass after anchoring changes, whether the applied prestress fails, a vibration sensor monitors the state of a single-point position and determines whether the device is in vibration or displacement, each laser displacement meter determines whether the relative position between adjacent devices has changed, the anchoring hole of the slope, the prestress and the whole slope are monitored, and finally real-time monitoring and data transmission are realized through the control assembly, so that the monitoring is more comprehensive and effective. The application effectively solves the problem that the existing slope support monitoring method monitors the slope as a whole, and the monitoring is not comprehensive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, and in particular to an integrated device for slope monitoring and anchor cable support, and a monitoring method for anchor cable support. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining can damage the stability of the original rock and soil structure. The resulting slopes with certain angles are often unstable and damaged due to natural or human disturbances, causing incalculable property losses and casualties. Therefore, monitoring and early warning of soft rock slope engineering is the most effective means to ensure safe construction and the safety of property and personnel.

[0003] Most slope instability and failure are caused by slippage and sliding of weak structural surfaces in deep rock and soil layers due to the influence of blasting vibration loads. Currently, slope monitoring uses radar equipment or micro-core pile monitoring, which monitors the slope as a whole and only monitors the vibration of the ground surface. The monitoring is too idealistic and has great limitations on the monitoring angle and monitoring distance. There is no early warning monitoring of the deformation of deep rock layers radiating to the ground surface. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an integrated device for slope monitoring and anchor cable support, as well as a monitoring method for anchor cable support, to solve the problem that existing slope support monitoring treats the slope as a whole, resulting in incomplete monitoring.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device. Multiple such integrated devices are installed on a slope to perform both support and slope monitoring operations. The integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device includes:

[0006] An anchor cable support assembly includes multiple anchor cables, one end of which extends into and is fixed in a pre-set anchoring hole on the slope to form slope anchor support.

[0007] The monitoring component includes multiple fixedly connected fasteners and a conductive structure, wherein the multiple fasteners are respectively fixedly connected to different positions on the sidewall of the anchor hole;

[0008] The first sensing module includes a displacement sensor and a vibration sensor. The end of the conductive structure away from the fixture is fixedly connected to the displacement sensor. The vibration sensor is used for vibration monitoring and tilt angle change monitoring.

[0009] The second sensing module includes a laser displacement meter, which is used to transmit laser signals to the laser displacement meter of the adjacent integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment, and to receive laser signals emitted by the laser displacement meter of the adjacent integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment, so as to obtain the positional relationship between the adjacent laser displacement meters.

[0010] The control component is connected to each of the displacement sensors, the vibration sensors, and the laser displacement meter.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the first sensing module further includes an anchor cable monitor, wherein the end of each anchor cable away from the anchor hole after anchoring is formed is connected to the anchor cable monitor to monitor the stress change of the anchor cable.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the anchor cable monitor includes a reflector, an ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal, and a transmission head. The ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal is fixed on the reflector to guide the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal into the anchor cable in a direction close to the transmission head. The transmission head is used to receive and transmit the ultrasonic waves and is signal-connected to the control component.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, the conductive structure is an elastic strip structure, and the conductive structure is in a taut state after installation.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, the fixer is a rotating structure, and multiple claws are provided on its circumferential side. The claws are arranged gradually away from the axis of the fixer along the direction close to the conductive structure, so as to extend into the inner wall of the anchor hole to form the fixation of the fixer.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, the control component includes a control circuit board, a processing center, and a data transmitter. Each of the displacement sensors, vibration sensors, and laser displacement gauges is electrically connected to the control circuit board. The processing center is used for data processing, and the data transmitter is used for transmitting real-time data to a remote end.

[0016] According to some embodiments of this application, the data transmitter is a wireless data transmitter, and the application uses LoRa, 485 communication and / or 4G communication to upload to the remote terminal.

[0017] Secondly, this application provides a slope protection monitoring method, which utilizes multiple integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support devices as described above, and further includes the following steps:

[0018] S10, the anchoring holes are machined on the slope;

[0019] S20, connect the mounting rod to the fixing device and extend it into the anchor hole to a specified depth, and fix the fixing device to the anchor sidewall by stretching the conductive structure;

[0020] S30, detach the mounting rod from the retainer, and install another retainer at the end of the mounting rod;

[0021] S40, Repeat step S20 to fix the fastener in the anchor hole at different depths;

[0022] S50, install anchor cables and form prestress;

[0023] S60, Install the first sensing module, connect each of the conductive structures to the displacement sensor, and adjust the initial value of the vibration sensor;

[0024] S70, install the second sensing module and adjust the laser beam coordination between the laser displacement gauges of the adjacent integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment.

[0025] According to some embodiments of this application, the installation of the first sensing module further includes:

[0026] S61, Install the anchor cable monitor of the first sensing module, so that the end of each anchor cable away from the anchor hole after anchoring is formed contacts the transmission head of the anchor cable monitor.

[0027] According to some embodiments of this application, the steps include:

[0028] S80, along the extension direction of the working face, a relay data transmission device is set at a fixed distance of 50m to 80m. The control components of each slope monitoring and anchor cable support integrated device within 50m to 80m are all connected to the remote end signal through the relay data transmission device.

[0029] The technical solution provided in this application has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0030] This application provides an integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device and a monitoring method for anchor cable support. The integrated device includes an anchor cable support component, a monitoring component, a first sensing module, a second sensing module, and a control component. The anchor cable support component anchors the slope and provides prestress. The monitoring component, in conjunction with the displacement sensor of the first sensing module, monitors the real-time position of the inner wall of the anchor hole to determine whether the rock mass has changed after anchoring and whether the applied prestress has failed. A vibration sensor is then used to monitor the slope at a single point and determine whether the integrated anchor cable support device is vibrating or displacing. Finally, laser displacement gauges determine whether there has been a change in the relative position between adjacent integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support devices. This allows for monitoring of the slope from the anchor hole, prestress, and the overall slope. The control component performs real-time monitoring and data transmission, making the monitoring more comprehensive and effective. This application effectively solves the problem of incomplete monitoring in existing slope support monitoring methods that treat the slope as a whole. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0034] Figure 1 This illustration shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of an integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 Explosion-proof diagram of an integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support system;

[0036] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment in conjunction with the slope during use;

[0037] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the mounting frame for the integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment.

[0038] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0039] 10. Anchor cable support assembly; 11. Anchor cable; 12. Tray; 121. Clearance perforation; 13. Anchor; 131. Anchor seat; 132. Anchor clamp; 20. Monitoring assembly; 21. Fixer; 22. Conductive structure; 30. First sensing module; 31. Displacement sensor; 311. Sensor body; 312. Protective housing; 32. Vibration sensor; 33. Anchor cable monitor; 331. Reflector; 332. Ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal; 333. Conductive head; 40. Second sensing module; 41. Laser displacement gauge; 42. Transparent protective cover; 50. Control assembly; 51. Control circuit board; 52. Processing center; 53. Data transmitter; 60. Mounting bracket; 61. Connecting base plate; 62. First mounting cavity; 63. Second mounting cavity; 64. Reinforced housing; 65. Positioning hole; 70. Independent power supply; 100. Anchor hole. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed.

[0042] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relative position or movement of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "below," "above," "front," "back," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure undergoes a positional flip, orientation change, or change of motion, these directional indications will change accordingly. For instance, an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features." Therefore, the example term "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text will be interpreted accordingly.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this application provides an integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device. Multiple integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support devices are installed on the slope for both support and slope monitoring operations. The integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device includes:

[0044] The anchor cable support assembly 10 includes a plurality of anchor cables 11, which extend into and are fixed at one end in a pre-set anchor hole 100 on the slope to form slope anchor support.

[0045] The monitoring component 20 includes multiple fixedly connected fasteners 21 and a conductive structure 22, with the multiple fasteners 21 being fixedly connected to different positions on the side wall of the anchor hole 100.

[0046] The first sensing module 30 includes a displacement sensor 31 and a vibration sensor 32. The end of the conductive structure 22 away from the fixture 21 is fixedly connected to the displacement sensor 31. The vibration sensor 32 is used for vibration monitoring and tilt angle change monitoring.

[0047] The second sensing module 40 includes a laser displacement meter 41, which is used to transmit laser signals to the laser displacement meter 41 of the integrated equipment for monitoring and anchor cable support of adjacent slopes, and to receive the laser signals emitted by the laser displacement meter 41 of the integrated equipment for monitoring and anchor cable support of adjacent slopes, so as to obtain the positional relationship between adjacent laser displacement meters 41.

[0048] The control component 50 is connected to each displacement sensor 31, vibration sensor 32 and laser displacement meter 41 respectively.

[0049] The anchor cable support assembly 10 anchors the slope and provides prestress. The monitoring assembly 20, in conjunction with the displacement sensor 31 of the first sensing module 30, monitors the real-time position of the inner wall of the anchor hole 100 to determine whether the rock mass has changed after anchoring and whether the applied prestress has failed. It also works with the vibration sensor 32 to monitor the slope at a single point and determine whether the integrated anchor cable support equipment is vibrating or displacing. Finally, each laser displacement meter 41 determines whether there has been a change in the relative position between adjacent slope monitoring points and the integrated anchor cable support equipment. This allows for monitoring of the anchor hole 100, prestress, and the entire slope. Finally, the control assembly 50 performs real-time monitoring and data transmission, making the monitoring more comprehensive and effective. This application effectively solves the problem of incomplete monitoring in existing slope support monitoring methods that treat the slope as a whole.

[0050] It should be noted that in the technical solution of this embodiment, the integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device ensures that each anchor hole 100 is equipped with a monitoring sensor module, enabling real-time monitoring of the anchor holes 100. Simultaneously, the prestressed anchor cables 11 are also monitored. Based on this, the position monitoring of the laser displacement meter 41 reflects the stability of the entire working face, thereby achieving monitoring of the entire slope. Compared to radar equipment or micro-core pile monitoring used in existing technologies, this method eliminates the need for installation and debugging of equipment at multiple locations; it only requires simultaneous installation during the anchor cable 11 anchoring operation. Furthermore, multiple sensor modules can mutually verify each other's monitoring data, resulting in more reliable actual monitoring data. Changes at a single location can be quickly captured, providing a longer warning time and preventing delays in slope warning assessment.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, the first sensing module 30 further includes an anchor cable monitor 33. The end of each anchor cable 11 furthest from the anchor hole 100 after anchoring is completed is connected to the anchor cable monitor 33 to monitor stress changes in the anchor cable 11. The anchor cable monitor 33 is used to monitor the state of the anchor cable 11. On the one hand, it can monitor the prestress state of the anchor cable 11 to determine whether its support effect is affected. On the other hand, it can comprehensively monitor undeformed rock mass. If stress changes occur in the rock mass without resulting in shape changes, it can proactively address the potential impact of stress changes.

[0052] like Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the anchor cable monitor 33 includes a reflector 331, an ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal 332, and a transmission head 333. The ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal 332 is fixed on the reflector 331 to guide the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal 332 into the anchor cable 11 along a direction close to the transmission head 333. The transmission head 333 is used to receive and transmit ultrasonic waves and is connected to the control component 50 via a signal. The ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal 332 is used to emit ultrasonic waves into the anchor cable 11, and real-time monitoring of whether the anchor cable 11 is deformed is performed through the emission and reception of ultrasonic waves. The reflector 331 is used to guide the divergent ultrasonic waves away from the reflector 331 into the anchor cable 11, which avoids errors caused by the feedback of divergent ultrasonic waves and concentrates the ultrasonic waves for monitoring, resulting in better monitoring performance. The ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal 332 is specifically a piezoelectric ultrasonic ceramic crystal that can emit ultrasonic waves according to a set monitoring frequency.

[0053] Specifically, the stress and strain monitoring method for anchor cable 11 is as follows: The ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal 332 emits ultrasonic waves to anchor cable 11 according to a set monitoring frequency. The reflector plate 331 is used to fix the ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal 332 and reflect the ultrasonic waves. During the monitoring process, ultrasonic waves are continuously emitted and received. When anchor cable 11 deforms, the path lengths of the emitted and reflected ultrasonic waves are different, meaning the transit time of the ultrasonic waves is also different, resulting in two time intervals: t1 is the time it takes for the ultrasonic waves to pass through the anchor cable before deformation, and t2 is the time it takes for the ultrasonic waves to pass through the anchor cable after deformation. The deformation amount ΔL = g(t2-t1), where g is the ultrasonic wave transmission coefficient within the anchor cable. The stress of anchor cable 11 is F = E × (ΔL / L) × A, where E is the elastic modulus of the anchor cable, L is the length of the anchor cable, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the anchor cable.

[0054] In practical applications, if a single anchor cable 11 is damaged due to improper operation during the anchoring process, or if a weak structural surface in the deep rock layer causes local hole collapse, leading to compression and shearing of the single anchor cable 11 and subsequent breakage, the anchor cable monitor 33 will calculate the stress deformation of the anchor cable 11 based on the time of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, and determine whether the anchor cable 11 has broken. If it has broken, the location of the breakage can be determined by combining the time and transmission speed, and the broken anchor cable 11 can be recovered. At the same time, the area will be subject to enhanced monitoring and support, providing effective early warning and response time for the construction process, thereby avoiding slope instability and damage, increasing safety and reducing cost losses.

[0055] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, in this embodiment, the conductive structure 22 is an elastic strip structure, and it remains taut after installation. The conductive structure 22 is used to monitor the state of the rock strata and the anchoring hole 100 in real time. The use of an elastic material ensures stability and timeliness during monitoring, and the force applied can be used to distinguish the structure. The strip shape facilitates assembly, installation, and avoids affecting the anchor cable 11, resulting in better performance. Specifically, the conductive structure 22 can be made of a material with a certain degree of elasticity, allowing the displacement sensor 31 to determine the displacement based on the magnitude of the elastic force. Alternatively, it can be made of a high-strength material such as steel wire, allowing displacement monitoring by applying elastic force to the displacement sensor 31 connected to the elastic element.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the fixture 21 is a rotating structure with multiple claws on its circumferential side. The claws are arranged gradually away from the axis of the fixture 21 along the direction close to the conduction structure 22, so as to extend into the inner wall of the anchoring hole 100 to fix the fixture 21. This arrangement allows the fixture 21 to be embedded into the side wall of the anchoring hole 100 without needing to adjust its specific shape, which is convenient for installation.

[0057] Furthermore, in the technical solution of this embodiment, the conductive structure 22 is a flexible hose structure with a metal wire for conduction inside. The claw and the rotating body structure are connected by a transmission mechanism, and the claw is connected to the metal wire so that the claw has an open state and a retracted state. This configuration allows for position control of the fixing device 21 through the flexible hose structure and the metal wire. On the other hand, the claw can retract during movement without damaging the inner wall of the anchoring hole 100. When fixing is required, the claw opens and extends into the inner wall of the anchoring hole 100 to form a limiting fixation. This makes the angle between the claw and the inner wall of the anchoring hole 100 larger, making it less likely to fall off. At the same time, the range of embedding into the inner wall is larger, making the measurement of rock mass changes more accurate.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the control component 50 includes a control circuit board 51, a processing center 52, and a data transmitter 53. Each displacement sensor 31, each vibration sensor 32, and each laser displacement meter 41 are electrically connected to the control circuit board 51. The processing center 52 is used for data processing, and the data transmitter 53 is used to transmit real-time data to a remote end. Specifically, after each sensor module collects data, it transmits it to the processing center 52 for data processing, and then transmits the real-time data to the remote end through the data transmitter 53. Furthermore, the processing center 52 can preset functional instructions corresponding to the data. When the collected data matches the preset data, it issues corresponding instructions, such as alarms or work stoppages, to facilitate a faster response and reduce the danger caused by slope instability.

[0059] In this embodiment, the data transmitter 53 is a wireless data transmitter, using LoRa, RS-485, and / or 4G communication to upload data to a remote terminal. This communication method effectively achieves wireless communication with a long transmission distance and high transmission speed, enabling rapid response to sudden slope emergencies and improving the safety and reliability of slope construction. It also avoids the problems of severe interference to equipment during blasting or thunderstorms, complex wiring and frequent power shortages, excessive reliance on wired transmission which can easily lead to monitoring failures or data loss, and high maintenance costs.

[0060] It should be noted that in the technical solution of this embodiment, a processing center 52 and a data transmitter 53 are provided. The processing center 52 can set certain preprocessing schemes to directly process slope anomalies, resulting in a faster response speed. Furthermore, the relevant data collected by multiple sensor modules can be cross-verified, avoiding errors from single monitoring, reducing the risk of false triggering, and preventing delays caused by misjudgments during construction, as well as the phenomenon of personnel underestimating monitoring results due to misjudgments. The cooperation between the processing center 52 and the data transmitter 53 can uniformly organize and transform the data, avoiding the problems of multiple monitoring devices acquiring different monitoring parameters, inconsistent data transmission methods, and inconsistent monitoring frequencies, which would lead to asynchronous acquisition and processing of monitoring information and delays in slope early warning judgment.

[0061] In an alternative embodiment, during the construction of the slope, when the prestressing construction of the anchor cable 11 is carried out, an integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device is installed simultaneously. With the help of multiple adjacent anchor cable 11 installation positions, the monitoring of the anchoring points and the entire slope can be realized. Specifically, the integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment includes a control component 50, a first sensing module 30, a second sensing module 40, a mounting frame 60, and a monitoring component 20. During installation, multiple measuring points can be set according to the drilling depth of the anchor hole 100. According to the monitoring requirements, the fixing device 21 of the monitoring component 20 is pushed to the designated monitoring point using the mounting rod, so that the claws on the fixing device 21 open and embed into the soil layer. Then, the transmission structure 22 is tightened to complete the installation of the monitoring component 20. The transmission structure 22 is connected to the displacement sensor 31. When the soil layer is displaced, the fixing device 21 drives the transmission structure 22 to transmit the displacement deformation to the displacement sensor 31. Subsequently, the displacement sensor 31 generates signal data and transmits it to the control component 50. After the control component 50 performs data comparison and analysis, the signal data is transmitted to the remote end through the data transmitter 53 to realize the monitoring of multiple anchor points.

[0062] Furthermore, the anchor cable monitor 33 is connected to the end of the anchor cable 11. It continuously emits ultrasonic waves into the anchor cable 11 through its internal ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal 332, and some of the ultrasonic waves are reflected into the anchor cable 11 through the reflector plate 331. The anchor cable 11 is in contact with the transmission head 333. The deformation of the anchor cable 11 is calculated based on the different times of ultrasonic wave passage and feedback before and after the anchor cable 11 is deformed under stress. Then, the changing force is obtained based on the elastic modulus of the anchor cable 11 to infer the change range of prestress and the degree of rock mass change. Subsequently, the anchor cable monitor 33 generates signal data and transmits it to the control component 50. After the control component 50 performs data comparison and analysis, the signal data is transmitted to the remote end through the data transmitter 53.

[0063] Furthermore, when the slope is disturbed, the vibration sensor 32 receives acceleration information due to inertial effect. The vibration sensor 32 can monitor vibration and tilt angle sensing, and convert this signal into the vibration status and tilt angle change of the slope. In conjunction with the laser displacement meter 41 in the second sensing module 40 of the integrated equipment for monitoring adjacent slopes and anchor cable support, multiple laser displacement meters 41 sequentially transmit and receive beams point-to-point and convert them into distance signals to obtain the initial displacement of the overall slope. By comparing, correcting and analyzing the relative displacement of each measuring point, and coordinating monitoring, a three-dimensional monitoring system is formed.

[0064] By coordinating monitoring through the first sensor module 30 and the second sensor module 40, the overall deformation characteristics of the slope can be accurately characterized, the stability of the slope can be evaluated, and the data processing and analysis of each monitoring point on the slope can realize the gridding and regional early warning of geological disaster points, and carry out local reinforcement support.

[0065] It should be noted that the main body of the mounting frame 60, the protective shell 312, and the transparent protective cover 42 are all made of explosion-proof materials, capable of withstanding significant forces and not easily deformed. This protects internal components from damage in the event of slope instability and ensures more accurate data collection before and after instability. The integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device has an independent power supply 70, including multiple high-density batteries, providing extended operating time. One or more solar panels are installed on the outer shell of the device to charge the high-density batteries. It requires no external power supply, integrates multiple data monitoring functions, occupies little space, and allows for quick installation without disrupting construction.

[0066] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the laser displacement meter 41 adopts the principle of echo analysis. Through the lens, it emits one million laser pulses per second to the receiver on the adjacent or nearby laser displacement meters 41, which are received by the internal CCD linear camera. Adjacent laser displacement meters 41 transmit and receive each other to verify the signal. The CCD camera calculates different distances based on the light spot received at different angles and the time from emission to reception. The digital signal is converted into the distance and relative angle between two adjacent laser displacement meters 41. Combined with the assembly of the laser displacement meter 41 for its own positioning, a three-dimensional visualization model of the slope can be generated.

[0067] The vibration sensor 32 is equipped with a vibration sensing device and a tilt sensing device. When the slope is disturbed, the inertial mass block inside the vibration sensing device will move relative to the outer shell and record the amplitude of the relative vibration displacement between the mass element and the outer shell. The formula for the relative vibration displacement between the inertial mass element and the outer shell, x(t)=A, is used. sin(ωt+φ), where x(t) is the displacement of the vibrating object, A is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, t is the time, and φ is the phase difference, the absolute vibration displacement of the slope can be calculated.

[0068] The tilt sensor is based on Newton's second law. By measuring gravitational acceleration and the acceleration of an object relative to the vertical, when the object tilts due to vibration, the built-in accelerometer calculates and processes the changes in the gravitational component, transmitting the processed data to the tilt meter to accurately measure the object's tilt. In other words, the sensor module measures the surface displacement and angular changes of the slope.

[0069] The monitoring data from multiple sensor modules are processed by the processing center 52 using the multi-Bayes estimation method for iterative calculation. This extends the monitoring information, enabling multiple sensor modules to work together to obtain an assessment and prediction of slope safety and stability. The comprehensive processing of information improves the intelligence of monitoring.

[0070] Specifically, when one sensor generates monitoring data, it automatically determines its result and generates a conditional probability function for the data, called the prior probability P(x). Subsequently, when the data from another sensor is used for judgment, the result of A is re-evaluated, denoted as P(A|B), called the posterior probability. Similarly, the data from the third sensor will evaluate the results of events A and B. P(A|B)P(x), P(A|C)P(x), and P(B|C)P(x) constitute the preprocessing for multi-information fusion. Based on existing information databases, multiple uncertain models can be established for slope safety and stability assessment to infer the probability of occurrence. The slope stability and safety assessment predicted by multiple models based on the monitoring data is unknown. Therefore, the prediction conclusions of multiple models for the data are weighted and averaged to obtain the probability of multiple models occurring, P=[1P(x1)+2P(x2)+……iP(xi)+……nP(xn)] / n. For example, error analysis can be performed based on the fused monitoring data to determine whether it is necessary to strengthen support and monitoring.

[0071] Traditional slope surface monitoring often uses radar monitoring, which results in untimely data transmission, large equipment footprint and high cost, inability to be deployed at multiple points, high power supply requirements, messy wiring of various monitoring devices, and cables often being damaged due to excavation, blasting or thunderstorms, thus losing monitoring effectiveness.

[0072] The technical solution of the above optional embodiments can monitor the surface vibration of the slope, the support status of the anchor cable 11, and the displacement of each rock layer at the support point in real time. The monitoring frequency of each sensor module is the same. The monitoring data is collected by the acquisition module and transmitted to the remote end in real time via LoRa / 485 communication / 4G communication through the data receiver and transmitter. If the slope is large and data transmission is affected, a relay module can be set up to transmit the data to the remote end one by one through the relay module, so as to avoid the asynchronous processing of monitoring data. It can form a comprehensive slope monitoring and early warning from shallow to deep, and the multiple data can be mutually corroborated and analyzed in real time to ensure high accuracy of slope safety monitoring.

[0073] It should be noted that, as Figure 2 and 4As shown, in this embodiment, the mounting bracket 60 includes a connecting base plate 61, a first mounting cavity 62, a second mounting cavity 63, a reinforced outer shell 64, and a positioning hole 65 disposed on the connecting base plate 61. The positioning hole 65 is used to cooperate with and avoid the through hole 121 to realize the installation of the displacement sensor 31. Specifically, the positioning hole 65 can be a threaded hole with internal threads. The displacement sensor 31 includes a sensor body 311 and a protective outer shell 312. The sensor body 311 is sleeved inside the protective outer shell 312, and the protective outer shell 312 is threadedly engaged with the positioning hole 65, thus realizing the positioning and matching between the tray 12 and the mounting bracket 60. The first mounting cavity 62 and the second mounting cavity 63 are used for the assembly of the vibration sensor 32, the anchor cable monitor 33, and the independent power supply 70, which are fixed by means of embedding and snap-fit. This configuration has a compact structure and high precision. The explosion-proof design of the reinforced outer shell 64 of the mounting bracket 60 also provides a good monitoring environment.

[0074] The embodiments in this application all have the following advantages:

[0075] After collecting data from multiple sensors and integrating and comparing it, multi-dimensional monitoring of single-point support locations and the overall slope is achieved. The data of the entire slope from the surface to the deep rock mass is visualized. The stability of the slope is analyzed by comparing various data, and early warning and support treatment are carried out based on this data.

[0076] Data transmitter 53 transmits data through LoRa / 485 / 4G communication technologies, thus establishing a real-time early warning system for the slope monitoring system and promoting the transformation of slope safety towards remote, intelligent and visualized directions.

[0077] This embodiment can be assembled simultaneously with the anchoring process of anchor cable 11, and does not require an external power supply. The overall equipment is compact, occupies little space, is easy to install, does not require laying of wiring, and uses batteries and solar power to save electricity. At the same time, it is not affected by construction disturbances, which greatly reduces installation and maintenance costs.

[0078] Secondly, this application provides a slope protection monitoring method. The slope protection monitoring method utilizes multiple integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support devices as described in the above embodiments. The slope protection monitoring method further includes the following steps:

[0079] S10, anchor holes 100 are drilled on the slope. Specifically, an anchor drilling rig is used for drilling. During drilling, the drilling speed is strictly controlled to prevent twisting and diameter changes, and to avoid hole collapse. The hole diameter is φ130mm, and the hole depth is 15m, used for anchor cable anchoring and installation of multi-point displacement gauges. It should be noted that the location of the anchor holes 100 needs to be selected and the rock strata determined before drilling to meet the construction requirements.

[0080] Furthermore, drilling also includes the following steps:

[0081] After drilling to the specified depth, steady drilling is carried out for 1 to 2 minutes. After sufficient drilling, ensure that the bottom diameter of the anchor hole 100 meets the design requirements. Remove the drill bit and use high-pressure air with a fluid pressure of 0.2 to 0.4 MPa to clean the water, rock powder and other debris remaining in the anchor hole 100. Spray a mixture of graphite and alcohol onto the inner wall surface of the anchor hole 100 and then ignite it. The high temperature hardens the inner wall surface of the soft rock, preventing it from affecting the adhesion between the cement mortar and the hole wall of the anchor hole 100, so as to facilitate the subsequent installation of the fixing device 21.

[0082] S20, the mounting rod is connected to the fixing device 21 and inserted into the anchoring hole 100 to a specified depth. The fixing device 21 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the anchoring hole 100 by the tension transmission structure 22. The mounting rod can be detachably connected to the fixing device 21, specifically by snap-fit, and can be separated under tension. At this time, the transmission structure 22 is not under force and extends into the anchoring hole 100 together with the fixing device 21. Specifically, the end of the mounting rod with the fixing device 21 is lowered to the bottom of the anchoring hole 100 along the hole wall near the anchoring hole 100. Then, the claws inside the transmission structure 22 open and embed the claws into the rock strata.

[0083] S30, the mounting rod is separated from the retainer 21, and another retainer 21 is installed at the end of the mounting rod; specifically, the retainer 21 is separated from the mounting rod by applying a pulling force, the mounting rod is pulled out, and the installation of the retainer 21 is completed.

[0084] S40, repeat step S20 to fix the fixture 21 inside the anchor hole 100 at different depths; multiple fixtures 21 are sequentially set at different positions on the inner wall of the anchor hole 100 according to a predetermined interval to monitor the situation of the same anchor hole 100. It should be noted that the fixed distance refers to the distance between the planes where the fixtures 21 are located along the axial direction of the anchor hole 100, that is, the direction of the fixtures 21 relative to the axis of the anchor hole 100 is not limited. This setting can monitor changes in rock strata in different directions to make a comprehensive judgment on the changes in soil and rock around the anchor hole 100, making the monitoring more accurate and effective.

[0085] S50, install anchor cables and form prestress;

[0086] Specifically, the anchor cable 11 is simultaneously lowered along the center of the anchor hole 100. The anchor cable 11 can be 6φ15.2. Wire frames are set at intervals of 1.0m to 1.5m along the length of the anchor cable 11 as required. The steel strands are combed to keep them parallel, and the anchor cable 11 is treated with anti-rust. The anchor cable 11 is lowered slowly and manually to make it smooth and orderly distributed, and to keep a certain distance from the transmission structure 22 to avoid large tensile deformation of the anchor cable 11 during the subsequent tensioning process, which would affect the measurement of the transmission structure 22.

[0087] Furthermore, the anchor cable 11 forms anchorage force using the bottom-hole grouting method. The grout is selected as pure cement mortar with a water-cement ratio of 0.4 to 0.5. The grout is mixed by a grout mixer and is required to be uniform. The grouting pipe is inserted into the bottom of the anchoring hole 100, and the grouting pressure is 0.4 to 0.8 MPa. Grouting is carried out at a uniform speed, and the grouting pipe is gradually pulled out as the grout is injected. However, it must be ensured that the grouting pipe opening is always below the grout surface throughout the grouting process to improve the compactness of the grout. Grouting ends when the length of the grouting pipe pulled out reaches the design length of the end anchorage.

[0088] After prestressing is formed, a tray 12 for fixing the prestress of the anchor cable 11 is installed. Specifically, an anchor 13 is provided on the tray 12. The anchor 13 includes an anchor seat 131 and an anchor clamp 132. The anchor seat 131 is provided with multiple fixing holes corresponding to the anchor cable 11. The anchor cable 11 is locked by the anchor clamp 132 to form prestress.

[0089] S60, install the first sensing module 30, connect each transmission structure 22 to the displacement sensor 31, and adjust the initial value of the vibration sensor 32; after completing the installation of the anchor seat 131, install the displacement sensor 31, mounting bracket 60, vibration sensor 32, anchor cable monitor 33, independent power supply 70, control component 50, etc. in sequence, clear the initial data, conduct data transmission test, and determine that there are no problems with the operation of each sensing module.

[0090] S70, install the second sensing module 40 and adjust the laser beam coordination between the laser displacement gauges 41 of the integrated adjacent slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment. The laser displacement gauges 41 of the integrated adjacent slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment form an interactive system by transmitting and receiving data to record initial surface data, enabling normal monitoring. It should be noted that the laser displacement gauges 41 can be configured by continuously transmitting laser beams to various locations. Pairing is completed when a laser beam signal is received from the corresponding laser displacement gauge 41. Because the beam transmission speed is relatively fast, the docking process does not waste time, and continuous monitoring can be performed in subsequent monitoring processes, resulting in a faster response speed.

[0091] Furthermore, in the technical solution of this embodiment, installing the first sensing module 30 further includes:

[0092] S61, install the anchor cable monitor 33 of the first sensing module 30, so that the end of each anchor cable 11 away from the anchor hole 100 after anchoring is completed comes into contact with the transmission head 333 of the anchor cable monitor 33. This step is used to set up sensors to monitor the anchor cables 11 to monitor whether the support function has failed, so as to coordinate with subsequent monitoring operations and increase the safety of construction.

[0093] Furthermore, the technical solution in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0094] S80, along the extension direction of the working face, intermediate data transmission devices are installed at fixed intervals of 50m to 80m. The control components 50 of each integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device within these 50m to 80m intervals are all connected to the remote end via these intermediate data transmission devices. This setup effectively improves the efficiency and range of slope monitoring data transmission, enabling comprehensive monitoring. Furthermore, the intermediate data transmission devices can be battery-powered and equipped with solar charging devices to provide sustainable energy to the batteries, thus meeting the requirements for real-time monitoring and long battery life.

[0095] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0096] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0097] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. An integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support device, wherein multiple such integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support devices are installed on a slope for both support and slope monitoring operations, characterized in that... The integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment includes: Anchor cable support assembly (10) includes multiple anchor cables (11), which extend into and have one end fixed in a pre-set anchor hole (100) on the slope to form slope anchor support; The monitoring component (20) includes multiple fixedly connected fasteners (21) and a conductive structure (22), wherein the multiple fasteners (21) are respectively fixedly connected to different positions on the side wall of the anchor hole (100); The first sensing module (30) includes a displacement sensor (31) and a vibration sensor (32). The end of the conductive structure (22) away from the fixture (21) is fixedly connected to the displacement sensor (31). The vibration sensor (32) is used for vibration monitoring and tilt angle change monitoring. The second sensing module (40) includes a laser displacement meter (41), which is used to transmit laser signals to the laser displacement meter (41) of the adjacent integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment, and to receive the laser signals emitted by the laser displacement meter (41) of the adjacent integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment, so as to obtain the positional relationship between the adjacent laser displacement meters (41). The control component (50) is connected to each of the displacement sensors (31), the vibration sensor (32) and the laser displacement meter (41) respectively; The first sensing module (30) also includes an anchor cable monitor (33). After each anchor cable (11) is anchored, the end away from the anchor hole (100) is connected to the anchor cable monitor (33) to monitor the stress change of the anchor cable (11). The anchor cable monitor (33) includes a reflector (331), an ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal (332), and a transmission head (333). The ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal (332) is fixed on the reflector (331) to guide the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal (332) into the anchor cable (11) in a direction close to the transmission head (333). The transmission head (333) is used to receive and transmit the ultrasonic waves and is signal-connected to the control component (50). The conductive structure (22) is an elastic strip structure, and after installation, the conductive structure (22) is in a taut state; The fixture (21) is a rotating structure, and multiple claws are provided on its circumferential side. The claws are arranged gradually away from the axis of the fixture (21) along the direction close to the conduction structure (22) so as to extend into the inner wall of the anchor hole (100) to fix the fixture (21).

2. The integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control component (50) includes a control circuit board (51), a processing center (52) and a data transmitter (53). Each of the displacement sensors (31), each of the vibration sensors (32) and each of the laser displacement meters (41) are electrically connected to the control circuit board (51). The processing center (52) is used for data processing, and the data transmitter (53) is used to transmit real-time data to a remote end.

3. The integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data transmitter (53) is a wireless data transmitter that uses LoRa, 485 communication and / or 4G communication to upload data to the remote terminal.

4. A monitoring method for slope protection, characterized in that, The slope support monitoring method employs multiple integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, and the slope support monitoring method further includes the following steps: S10, the anchoring hole (100) is machined on the slope. S20, connect the mounting rod to the fixing device (21) and extend it into the anchor hole (100) to a specified depth, and fix the fixing device (21) to the side wall of the anchor hole (100) by stretching the conduction structure (22); S30, the mounting rod is separated from the retainer (21), and another retainer (21) is installed at the end of the mounting rod; S40, repeat step S20 to fix the fastener (21) in the anchor hole (100) at different depths. S50, install anchor cables and form prestress; S60, install the first sensing module (30), connect each of the conductive structures (22) to the displacement sensor (31), and adjust the initial value of the vibration sensor (32); S70, install the second sensing module (40) and adjust the laser beam coordination between the laser displacement gauge (41) of the adjacent integrated slope monitoring and anchor cable support equipment.

5. The monitoring method for slope support according to claim 4, characterized in that, The installation of the first sensing module (30) also includes: S61, install the anchor cable monitor (33) of the first sensing module (30) so that the end of each anchor cable (11) away from the anchor hole (100) after anchoring is made to contact the transmission head (333) of the anchor cable monitor (33).

6. The monitoring method for slope support according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S80, along the extension direction of the working face, a relay data transmission device is set at a fixed distance of 50m to 80m. The control components (50) of each slope monitoring and anchor cable support integrated device within 50m to 80m are all connected to the remote end signal through the relay data transmission device.

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