Sorghum harvesting and straw breaking and collecting equipment and method suitable for mountainous agriculture

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting equipment and method suitable for mountain agriculture, belongs to the field of crop harvesting, to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot complete sorghum ear harvesting and sorghum straw harvesting and crushing simultaneously under mountain agricultural conditions.The equipment includes a mobile frame, a straw harvesting and crushing assembly, a sorghum harvesting assembly, a threshing assembly and a feeding and storage assembly.The straw harvesting and crushing assembly is arranged at the front end of the mobile frame, the sorghum harvesting assembly is arranged on the straw harvesting and crushing assembly, and the feeding end of the threshing assembly is connected to the discharge end of the sorghum harvesting assembly.The feeding and storage assembly is used to transport and store threshed sorghum grains and crushed sorghum straw.The present application can realize sorghum ear harvesting and sorghum straw harvesting and crushing simultaneously under mountain agricultural conditions by setting the straw harvesting and crushing assembly and the sorghum harvesting assembly, and has strong practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of crop harvesting, and in particular relates to a sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting device and method suitable for mountain agriculture. Background Art

[0002] Sorghum has strong drought and cold resistance, and is rich in various nutrients. It has a large planting area and is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world in terms of harvest area and total output, second only to wheat, rice and corn. Sorghum is widely used in food processing, brewing, feed production and other technical fields due to its high nutritional value.

[0003] Traditional sorghum harvesting devices cut the sorghum ears, then thresh and collect them; the sorghum stalks are then burned or discarded. Burning or discarding sorghum stalks has a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, promoting straw recycling and reuse technology has become a key means of solving environmental problems. After recycling and crushing, sorghum stalks can be processed into fertilizer, feed, energy, raw materials, and substrates, and has a wide range of uses. However, existing sorghum harvesting devices can only harvest and thresh sorghum ears, and cannot simultaneously harvest, thresh, and crush the sorghum stalks.

[0004] Especially under mountain agricultural conditions, the storage space of the harvesting device is limited and cannot store a large amount of broken straw. Due to the limitations of the mountainous terrain, existing transfer vehicles find it difficult to transport the broken straw stored in the harvesting device. Therefore, realizing the harvesting and threshing of sorghum ears, the harvesting and crushing of sorghum straw and improving the storage capacity of the equipment under mountainous conditions have become urgent problems to be solved in mountain agricultural harvesting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collection equipment and method suitable for mountain agriculture, which is used to solve the problem that the harvesting device in the prior art cannot simultaneously complete the sorghum ear harvesting and sorghum straw harvesting and crushing under mountain agricultural conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides a sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting device suitable for mountain agriculture, comprising a mobile frame and:

[0007] Straw harvesting and crushing components,

[0008] The straw harvesting and crushing assembly includes a first mounting frame, a first hydraulic cylinder, and a cutting and crushing mechanism. The first hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the front end surface of the mobile frame. The first mounting frame is mounted on the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder. The first hydraulic cylinder is telescopic in the vertical direction. The cutting and crushing mechanism for cutting and crushing sorghum straw is mounted on the first mounting frame.

[0009] Sorghum harvesting components,

[0010] The sorghum harvesting assembly includes a second mounting frame, a second hydraulic cylinder and an ear-pulling and cutting mechanism, wherein the second hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the first mounting frame, the second mounting frame is mounted on the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder is telescopic in the vertical direction, and is used to cut the sorghum ears. The ear-pulling and cutting mechanism is mounted on the second mounting frame;

[0011] Threshing components,

[0012] A threshing assembly for threshing sorghum ears is mounted on the mobile frame, and a feed end of the threshing assembly is connected to a discharge end of the sorghum harvesting assembly;

[0013] Feed storage components,

[0014] The feeding storage assembly includes a first storage box and a second storage box. The first storage box for collecting threshed sorghum grains is located on a movable frame below the threshing assembly, and the second storage box for storing crushed straw and threshed sorghum ears is installed at the rear end of the movable frame.

[0015] As an optional solution, the cutting and crushing mechanism includes a first shell, a first cutting knife, a conical guide block, a first conveyor belt and a first discharge port;

[0016] The two ends of the first housing are respectively fixed to the two ends of the first mounting frame, the front end and the upper end of the first housing are both opened, and the first cutting knife for cutting the sorghum stalks is installed at the front end of the first mounting frame;

[0017] A plurality of equally spaced conical guide blocks are mounted on a first mounting frame above the first cutting blade, a crushing module for crushing the sorghum stalks is disposed between two adjacent conical guide blocks, and a first conveyor belt for transporting the crushed sorghum stalks is disposed below the conical guide blocks;

[0018] Two first discharge ports are provided on the rear end surface of the first shell, and a first mounting frame on the rear side of the first conveyor belt is provided with a first auger module for transporting the crushed straw at the discharge end of the first conveyor belt to the two first discharge ports respectively.

[0019] As an optional solution, the crushing module includes a synchronous belt, a first synchronous wheel, a second synchronous wheel, a straw shifting shaft, a guide shaft mounting shaft and a crushing knife;

[0020] The bottom end surface of the conical guide block is provided with two first synchronous wheels rotatingly installed, a synchronous belt is sleeved on the two first synchronous wheels, and a plurality of straw poking shafts are arranged at equal intervals on the synchronous belt.

[0021] Two guide shafts arranged at an acute angle are respectively rotatingly installed at the bottom end of the two adjacent conical guide blocks, the plane where the two guide shafts are located is parallel to the bottom end surface of the conical guide block, and a first driving module for driving the guide shaft to rotate is further installed on the bottom end surface of the conical guide block.

[0022] One end of the mounting shaft is rotatingly installed at the bottom end of the conical guide block, the second synchronous wheel is installed on the mounting shaft, the second synchronous wheel is located in the synchronous belt and is in transmission with the synchronous belt, the other end of the mounting shaft is provided with a crushing knife for crushing the sorghum straw, the crushing knife is located below the guide shaft, and a second driving module for driving the first synchronous wheel to rotate is further installed in the conical guide block.

[0023] As an optional solution, the first auger module comprises two first augers symmetrically arranged, one end of the two first augers is fixedly connected, and the other end of the two first augers is fixedly connected with one end of a first rotating shaft.

[0024] As an optional solution, the second housing, the second cutting knife, the poking wheel, the poking rod and the second discharge port of the stalk poking and cutting mechanism;

[0025] The two ends of the second housing are fixedly connected with the two ends of the second mounting frame, the front end and the upper end of the second housing are both provided with openings, and the second cutting knife for cutting the sorghum heads is installed at the front end of the second mounting frame.

[0026] The poking wheel is arranged on the second mounting frame above the second cutting knife, a plurality of poking rods are arranged on the poking wheel, the rear end surface of the first housing is provided with a second discharge port, and the second mounting frame at the rear side of the poking wheel is provided with a second auger module for conveying the sorghum heads to the second discharge port.

[0027] The second auger module comprises two second augers symmetrically arranged, one end of the two second augers is connected with one end of a second rotating shaft, and a plurality of second material guide rods are arranged on the second rotating shaft.

[0028] As an optional solution, the threshing assembly comprises a third mounting frame, a guide block, a semicircular guide groove, a semicircular material falling net, a third auger, a threshing shaft, a threshing rod, a semicircular top plate and an arc-shaped material guide plate.

[0029] The third mounting frame is mounted on the mobile frame, the material guide block is mounted on an end of the third mounting frame close to the sorghum harvesting assembly, a semicircular material guide trough is provided on the material guide block that runs through the length direction thereof, the semicircular material drop net is mounted on an end of the third mounting frame that is away from the sorghum harvesting assembly, the semicircular material guide trough is coaxially arranged with the semicircular material drop net, and the first material storage box is located below the semicircular material drop net;

[0030] A third auger for transmitting sorghum ears is arranged in the semicircular guide trough, and the third auger is rotatably mounted on the third mounting frame at one end close to the sorghum harvesting assembly. The third auger is coaxially arranged with the semicircular guide trough, and a plurality of threshing shafts are mounted in a circumferential array on the end surface of the third auger away from the sorghum harvesting assembly, and a plurality of threshing rods are mounted on the threshing shafts at equal intervals.

[0031] A semicircular top plate is also installed on the third mounting frame. The semicircular top plate is located above the semicircular material guide trough and the semicircular material drop net. The semicircular top plate and the semicircular material drop net are coaxially arranged. A plurality of arc-shaped material guide plates are evenly spaced on the semicircular top plate.

[0032] As an optional solution, the feeding storage assembly further includes a second conveyor belt, a fourth mounting bracket, a mounting cylinder, a fourth auger, a third storage box, a third conveyor belt and a baffle plate;

[0033] A second conveyor belt is installed on the movable frame on both sides of the threshing assembly, and the third conveyor belt is installed on the movable frame between the threshing assembly and the second storage box. The third conveyor belt is arranged obliquely upward, and a plurality of baffles are arranged on the third conveyor belt at equal intervals. The lower end of the third conveyor belt is the feeding end, and the upper end of the third conveyor belt is the discharging end. The rear end of the semicircular dropping net and the discharging ends of the two second conveyor belts are all located above the feeding end of the third conveyor belt, and the discharging end of the third conveyor belt is located above the second storage box.

[0034] A fourth mounting frame is installed on the movable frame on both sides of the threshing assembly, and the fourth mounting frame is arranged across the second conveyor belt. A third storage box is installed on the fourth mounting frame, and a mounting cylinder arranged obliquely downward is installed on the side wall of the third storage box. The fourth auger is installed in the mounting cylinder, and the lower end feed port of the mounting cylinder is located in the first storage box, and the upper end discharge port of the mounting cylinder is located above the third storage box.

[0035] As an optional solution, a guide plate is provided in each of the first discharge port and the second discharge port, and one end of the guide plate is rotatably mounted on an end of the first discharge port or the second discharge port away from the movable frame;

[0036] During the up and down movement of the straw harvesting and crushing assembly and the sorghum harvesting assembly, the guide plate in the first discharge port is always located above the feed end of the second conveyor belt, and the guide plate in the second discharge port is always located above the semicircular guide trough.

[0037] As an optional solution, the second storage box is further provided with a pressing mechanism for pressing the crushed straw, the pressing mechanism comprising a fifth mounting frame, a first screw, a first guide rod, a first mounting block, an electric telescopic rod, a magnet block, a pressing plate and a pressing plate storage box;

[0038] A blank storage box is installed on the movable frame on the side of the second material storage box away from the third conveyor belt, and a plurality of blanks are stacked in sequence in the blank storage box. The fifth mounting frame is arranged across the blank storage box and above the second material storage box.

[0039] The first screw and the first guide rod are both mounted on the fifth mounting bracket, the axes of the first screw and the first guide rod are parallel to the movement direction of the movable frame, one end of the first mounting block is threadedly connected to the first screw, and the other end of the first mounting block is slidably connected to the first guide rod, an electric telescopic rod that extends and retracts in a vertical direction is mounted on the first mounting block, and the magnet block is mounted on the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod;

[0040] A plurality of limit modules are provided on the side walls of the second material storage box in the vertical direction, and the plurality of limit modules are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction. The limit modules include a plurality of limit sub-modules provided on the four inner side walls of the second material storage box, and each of the limit sub-modules includes a limit block, a limit groove, a third rotating shaft, a torsion spring, and a guide bevel;

[0041] A limiting groove is provided on the side wall of the second material storage box and passes through the side wall thereof. Both ends of the third rotating shaft are rotatably mounted on the two side walls of the limiting groove respectively. The limiting block is fixedly mounted on the third rotating shaft. A top surface of the limiting block at one end inside the second material storage box is provided with a guiding bevel.

[0042] A torsion spring is sleeved on the third rotating shaft, one end of the torsion spring is connected to the top wall of the limiting groove, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixed to the limiting block. When the torsion spring is in a free state, the top plane of the limiting block conflicts with the top plane of the limiting groove.

[0043] A method for harvesting sorghum and crushing and collecting straw suitable for mountain agriculture, using the above-mentioned sorghum harvesting and crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1: Start the first hydraulic cylinder to move the first cutting knife to a predetermined height, and then start the second hydraulic cylinder to move the second cutting knife to a predetermined height;

[0045] S2: The sorghum harvesting component cuts off the sorghum ears and sends the sorghum ears to the threshing component for threshing through the material guiding component. The threshed sorghum grains are sent to the third storage box for storage through the feeding storage component, and the threshed sorghum ears are sent to the second storage box for storage. The specific steps are as follows:

[0046] S2.1: The moving frame is started to move forward. As the ear-pushing wheel rotates, the ear-pushing rod pushes the sorghum ear into the second housing, and the second cutting knife cuts the sorghum ear at the same time.

[0047] S2.2: The cut sorghum ears pass through the second auger module and the guide plate and then enter the separation assembly;

[0048] S2.3: The third auger conveys the sorghum ear forward, and the sorghum kernels are separated from the sorghum ear by the threshing bar. The sorghum kernels fall into the first storage bin through the semicircular drop net;

[0049] S2.4: Start the fourth auger to transport the sorghum grains in the first storage bin to the third storage bins on both sides for storage;

[0050] S2.5: The detached sorghum ears are guided by the arc-shaped guide plate to the rear end of the semicircular drop net and fall onto the third conveyor belt, which guides the detached sorghum ears into the second storage box for storage.

[0051] S3: The straw harvesting and crushing component cuts and crushes the sorghum straw, and sends it to the first storage box for storage through the feeding storage component and the material guide component. The specific steps are as follows:

[0052] S3.1: After the second cutting blade cuts off the sorghum ear, the sorghum stalk is guided between the conical guide blocks, and the first cutting blade cuts off the sorghum stalk;

[0053] S3.2: During the movement of the synchronous belt, the straw-moving shaft pushes the sorghum straw toward the end near the first auger module. Simultaneously, the guide shafts below the tapered guide blocks on both sides rotate, pushing the sorghum straw downward. The crushing blades cut and crush the sorghum straw pushed downward.

[0054] S3.3: The cut and crushed sorghum stalks fall onto the first conveyor belt, pass through the first conveyor belt, the first auger module, the guide plate, the second conveyor belt, and the third conveyor belt in sequence, and then enter the second storage box for storage.

[0055] As described above, the sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collection equipment and method suitable for mountain agriculture of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0056] 1. The present application realizes the harvesting of sorghum ears and the harvesting and crushing of sorghum stalks at the same time by setting a straw harvesting and crushing component and a sorghum harvesting component, and has strong practicality. 2. The present application adjusts the height of the sorghum harvesting component and the straw harvesting and crushing component by setting a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, and can select different height positions for cutting according to the quality of the sorghum stalks, and can adapt to the requirements of harvesting sorghum ears at different heights, and has a wide range of applications. 3. The present application cuts and crushes the sorghum stalks by a cutting and crushing mechanism, and conveys the crushed stalks to the second storage box for storage through the first conveyor belt, the second conveyor belt and the third conveyor belt, thereby realizing the crushing and collection of the sorghum stalks, and facilitating the later processing and use of the sorghum stalks. 4. The present application sets the rear end of the semicircular drop net above the feed end of the third conveyor belt, so that the third conveyor belt can realize both the collection of the crushed sorghum stalks and the collection of the threshed sorghum ears, and has a good collection effect. 5. In the present application, by providing a guide plate, the first and second discharge ports can always be connected to the threshing assembly and the second conveyor belt during the height adjustment process of the straw harvesting and crushing assembly and the sorghum harvesting assembly. 6. In the present application, the crushed straw in the second storage box is compacted in layers by a compacting mechanism, thereby increasing the storage capacity of the crushed straw in the second storage box and facilitating long-term operation of the equipment. 7. In the present application, the crushed straw is relatively loose, and the storage space of the second storage box is limited. In mountainous conditions, it is inconvenient for the loading vehicle to load the crushed straw. By providing a compacting mechanism to compact the crushed straw in the second storage box, the storage capacity of the crushed straw in the second storage box is increased, thereby extending the single working time of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the front side of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the rear side of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 Shown is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 Shown is a diagram of the connection structure between the mobile frame and the straw harvesting and crushing assembly of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 Shown is a view of the internal structure of the mobile frame of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 Shown is a top view of the straw harvesting and crushing assembly of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 7 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of a tapered guide block according to the present invention;

[0064] Figure 8Shown is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 9 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of a sorghum harvesting assembly according to the present invention;

[0066] Figure 10 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of a third material storage box of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 11 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the limit block of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 12 Shown as the present invention Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0069] In the figure: 1-mobile frame;

[0070] 2-Straw harvesting and crushing assembly; 201-First mounting frame; 202-First hydraulic cylinder; 203-First housing; 204-First cutting blade; 205-Conical guide block; 206-First conveyor belt; 207-First discharge port; 208-Timing belt; 209-First timing wheel; 210-Second timing wheel; 211-Straw shifting shaft; 212-Guide shaft; 213-Mounting shaft; 214-Crushing blade; 215-First auger; 216-First rotating shaft; 217-First guide rod;

[0071] 3-sorghum harvesting assembly; 301-second mounting frame; 302-second hydraulic cylinder; 303-second housing; 304-second cutting blade; 305-ear-moving wheel; 306-ear-moving rod; 307-second discharge port; 308-second auger; 309-second rotating shaft; 310-second guide rod;

[0072] 4- threshing assembly; 401- third mounting frame; 402- material guide block; 403- semicircular material guide trough; 404- semicircular material drop net; 405- third auger; 406- threshing shaft; 407- threshing rod; 408- semicircular top plate; 409- arc-shaped material guide plate;

[0073] 5-Feeding storage assembly; 501-First material storage box; 502-Second material storage box; 503-Second conveyor belt; 504-Fourth mounting bracket; 505-Mounting cylinder; 506-Fourth auger; 507-Third material storage box; 508-Third conveyor belt; 509-Blocking plate; 510-Fifth mounting bracket; 511-First screw rod; 512-First guide rod; 513-First mounting block; 514-Electric telescopic rod; 515-Magnet block; 516-Pressing plate; 517-Pressing plate storage box; 518-Limiting block; 519-Limiting slot; 520-Third rotating shaft; 521-Torsion spring; 5181-Guide bevel;

[0074] 601-Guide plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. People skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0076] See also Figures 1 to 12 . It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0077] The following embodiments are for illustration only and can be combined with each other, and are not limited to the contents presented in the following single embodiments.

[0078] See also Figure 1 、 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, the present invention provides a sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting device suitable for mountain agriculture, characterized in that it includes a mobile frame 1, and:

[0079] Straw harvesting and crushing component 2,

[0080] The straw harvesting and crushing assembly 2 includes a first mounting frame 201, a first hydraulic cylinder 202 and a cutting and crushing mechanism. The first hydraulic cylinder 202 is mounted on the front end surface of the mobile frame 1. The first mounting frame 201 is mounted on the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder 202. The first hydraulic cylinder 202 is telescopic in the vertical direction. The cutting and crushing mechanism for cutting and crushing the sorghum straw is mounted on the first mounting frame 201.

[0081] Sorghum harvesting component 3,

[0082] The sorghum harvesting assembly 3 includes a second mounting frame 301, a second hydraulic cylinder 302 and an ear-pulling and cutting mechanism. The second hydraulic cylinder 302 is mounted on the first mounting frame 201. The second mounting frame 301 is mounted on the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder 302. The second hydraulic cylinder 302 is telescopic in the vertical direction and is used to cut the sorghum ears. The ear-pulling and cutting mechanism is mounted on the second mounting frame 301.

[0083] Threshing component 4,

[0084] A threshing assembly 4 for threshing sorghum ears is mounted on the mobile frame 1, and a feed end of the threshing assembly 4 is connected to a discharge end of the sorghum harvesting assembly 4;

[0085] Feed storage component 5,

[0086] The feeding storage component 5 includes a first storage box 501 and a second storage box 502. The first storage box 501 for collecting threshed sorghum grains is located on the mobile frame 1 below the threshing component 4, and the second storage box 502 for storing crushed straw and threshed sorghum ears is installed at the rear end of the mobile frame 1.

[0087] In this embodiment, two sets of guide rail modules are arranged between the side wall of the front end of the mobile frame 1 and the straw harvesting and crushing assembly 2. The first mounting frame 201 and the cutting and crushing mechanism are driven up and down by two first hydraulic cylinders 202. The straw can be cut from different heights according to the different functions of the straw, thereby ensuring the quality of the straw (for example, the lower end part of sorghum straw is relatively hard. If the crushed straw is processed into feed, the lower end part needs to be discarded and cut from a higher position); there are four second hydraulic cylinders 302, which are respectively installed in the four column sleeves of the first mounting frame 201, and the four columns of the second mounting frame 301 slide along the inner walls of the four column sleeves of the first mounting frame 201 respectively; the vertical height of the second mounting frame 301 and the ear-moving and cutting mechanism is adjusted by the second hydraulic cylinder 302, which can be suitable for the harvesting of multiple varieties of sorghum of different heights.

[0088] In this embodiment, the mobile frame 1 adopts a crawler-type walking structure, which facilitates the equipment to move on mountain structures, so that the device can meet the needs of mountain agricultural harvesting.

[0089] See also Figure 1 、 2 , 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, the cutting and crushing mechanism includes a first shell 203, a first cutting knife 204, a conical guide block 205, a first conveyor belt 206 and a first discharge port 207;

[0090] The two ends of the first housing 203 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the first mounting frame 201. The front end and the upper end of the first housing 203 are both open. The first cutting knife 204 for cutting the sorghum stalks is installed at the front end of the first mounting frame 201.

[0091] A plurality of equally spaced conical guide blocks 205 are mounted on the first mounting frame 201 above the first cutting blade 204. A crushing module for crushing the sorghum stalks is disposed between two adjacent conical guide blocks 205. A first conveyor belt 206 for transporting the crushed sorghum stalks is disposed below the conical guide blocks 205.

[0092] Two first discharge ports 207 are provided on the rear end face of the first shell 203 , and a first auger module for transporting the crushed straw at the discharge end of the first conveyor belt 206 to the two first discharge ports 207 is provided on the first mounting frame 201 on the rear side of the first conveyor belt 206 .

[0093] In this embodiment, after the sorghum harvesting component 3 cuts off the sorghum ears, the sorghum stalks enter between adjacent conical guide blocks 205, and are cut off by the first cutting knife 204. The first cutting knife 204 is a triangular serrated cutter. The cut sorghum stalks are crushed by the crushing module, and the crushed sorghum stalks fall onto the first conveyor belt 206.

[0094] In this embodiment, the number of the conical guide blocks 205 is set to 5, which can harvest 4 rows of sorghum at the same time, and is suitable for harvesting mountain sorghum.

[0095] See also Figure 1 、 2 , 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, the crushing module includes a synchronous belt 208, a first synchronous wheel 209, a second synchronous wheel 210, a straw shifting shaft 211, a guide shaft 212, a mounting shaft 213 and a crushing knife 214;

[0096] Two first synchronous wheels 209 are rotatably mounted on the bottom end surface of the conical guide block 205. The synchronous belt 208 is sleeved on the two first synchronous wheels 209. A plurality of straw shifting shafts 211 are evenly spaced on the synchronous belt 208. The movement direction of the synchronous belt 208 is the same as that of the moving frame 1.

[0097] Two guide shafts 212 arranged at an acute angle are rotatably mounted on the bottom ends of two adjacent conical guide blocks 205. The plane where the axis of the two guide shafts 212 lies is parallel to the bottom end surface of the conical guide block 205. A first driving module for driving the guide shafts 212 to rotate is also mounted on the bottom end surface of the conical guide block 205.

[0098] One end of the mounting shaft 213 is rotatably mounted on the bottom end of the conical guide block 205, and the second synchronous wheel 210 is mounted on the mounting shaft 213. The second synchronous wheel 210 is located in the synchronous belt 208 and is driven by the synchronous belt 208. The other end of the mounting shaft 213 is equipped with a crushing knife 214 for crushing sorghum stalks. The crushing knife 214 is located below the guide shaft 212. A second driving module for driving the first synchronous wheel 209 to rotate is also installed in the conical guide block 205.

[0099] In this embodiment, after the sorghum stalks are cut, the synchronous belt 208 moves, and the straw shifting shafts 211 on both sides push the sorghum stalks to one end close to the first auger module. At the same time, the guide shafts 212 under the conical guide blocks 205 on both sides rotate in the same direction to push the sorghum stalks downward, and the crushing knife 214 cuts and crushes the sorghum stalks pushed downward; the upper part of the sorghum stalks is thinner than the lower part. By setting the two guide shafts 212 at an acute angle, the guide shafts 212 can also push the thinner part of the upper part of the sorghum stalks downward, and the crushing effect is good.

[0100] In this embodiment, the first driving module and the second driving module both use a driving combination of a motor and a gear set to drive the guide shaft 212 and the first synchronous wheel 209 respectively.

[0101] See also Figure 1 、 2 , 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, the first auger module includes two symmetrically arranged first augers 215, the adjacent ends of the two first augers 215 are fixedly connected, and the other ends of the two first augers 215 are fixedly connected to one end of a first rotating shaft 216, and a plurality of first guide rods 217 are evenly spaced on the first rotating shaft 216, and the first guide rods 217 on both sides are respectively located on one side of the two first discharge ports 207.

[0102] In this embodiment, two symmetrically arranged first augers 215 guide the crushed straw in the center of the first housing 203 to the sides, and first guide rods 217 rotating on both sides direct the crushed straw into the first discharge port 207. A motor for driving the first rotating shaft 216 and the first auger 215 is also mounted on the first mounting frame 201. The motor drives the first rotating shaft 216 and the first auger 215 via a belt and pulley.

[0103] See also Figure 1 、 2 , 3, 4, 9, the second shell 303 of the fringe-moving and cutting mechanism, the second cutting knife 304, the fringe-moving wheel 305, the fringe-moving rod 306 and the second discharge port 307;

[0104] The two ends of the second housing 303 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the second mounting frame 301. The front end and the upper end of the second housing 303 are both opened. The second cutting knife 304 for cutting the sorghum ears is installed at the front end of the second mounting frame 301.

[0105] The ear-prying wheel 305 is arranged on the second mounting frame 301 above the second cutting knife 304, and a plurality of ear-prying rods 306 are provided on the ear-prying wheel 305. A second discharge port 307 is provided on the rear end surface of the first shell 203, and a second auger module for transporting sorghum ears to the second discharge port 307 is provided on the second mounting frame 301 on the rear side of the ear-prying wheel 305;

[0106] The second auger module includes two symmetrically arranged second augers 308 , and the adjacent ends of the two second augers 308 are respectively connected to one end of the second rotating shaft 309 . The second rotating shaft 309 is provided with several second guide rods 310 , and the second guide rods 310 are located on one side of the second discharge port 307 .

[0107] In this embodiment, during the rotation of the ear-pushing wheel 305, the ear-pushing rod 306 pushes the sorghum ears into the second shell 303, and at the same time the second cutting knife 304 cuts the sorghum ears, and the second cutting knife 304 is a triangular serrated cutting knife; the cut sorghum ears are guided to the middle of the sorghum ears on both sides of the second shell 303 by two second augers 308 on both sides, and the sorghum ears are guided into the second discharge port 307 by the rotating second guide rod 310.

[0108] See also Figure 1 、 2 3. The threshing assembly 4 includes a third mounting frame 401, a material guide block 402, a semicircular material guide trough 403, a semicircular material drop net 404, a third auger 405, a threshing shaft 406, a threshing rod 407, a semicircular top plate 408 and an arc-shaped material guide plate 409;

[0109] The third mounting frame 401 is mounted on the mobile frame 1, the guide block 402 is mounted on an end of the third mounting frame 401 close to the sorghum harvesting assembly 3, a semicircular guide trough 403 is provided on the guide block 402 and runs through the length direction thereof, the semicircular blanking net 404 is mounted on an end of the third mounting frame 401 away from the sorghum harvesting assembly 3, the semicircular guide trough 403 and the semicircular blanking net 404 are coaxially arranged, and the first storage box 501 is located below the semicircular blanking net 404;

[0110] A third auger 405 for transporting sorghum ears is arranged in the semicircular guide trough 403. The third auger 405 is rotatably mounted on the third mounting frame 401 near one end of the sorghum harvesting assembly 3. The third auger 405 is coaxially arranged with the semicircular guide trough 403. A plurality of threshing shafts 406 are mounted in a circumferential array on the end surface of the third auger 405 away from the sorghum harvesting assembly 3. A plurality of threshing rods 407 are mounted on the threshing shafts 406 at equal intervals.

[0111] A semicircular top plate 408 is also installed on the third mounting frame 401. The semicircular top plate 408 is located above the semicircular material guide trough 403 and the semicircular material blanking net 404. The semicircular top plate 408 and the semicircular material blanking net 404 are coaxially arranged. Several arc-shaped material guide plates 409 are evenly spaced on the semicircular top plate 408.

[0112] In this embodiment, the sorghum ears enter the semicircular material guide trough 403 and are transmitted to the rear end of the movable frame 1 through the third auger 405. The threshing rod 407 removes the sorghum grains from the sorghum ears. The sorghum grains fall from the semicircular drop net 404 into the first storage box 401. The threshed sorghum ears are transmitted to the rear end of the semicircular drop net 404 through the arc-shaped material guide plate 409 and fall onto the third conveyor belt 508.

[0113] See also Figure 1 、 2 , 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, the feeding storage assembly 5 further includes a second conveyor belt 503, a fourth mounting frame 504, a mounting cylinder 505, a fourth auger 506, a third storage box 507, a third conveyor belt 508 and a baffle plate 509;

[0114] The second conveyor belt 503 is installed on the movable frame 1 on both sides of the threshing assembly 4, and the third conveyor belt 508 is installed on the movable frame 1 between the threshing assembly 4 and the second storage box 502. The third conveyor belt 508 is arranged obliquely upward, and a plurality of baffles 509 are arranged on the third conveyor belt 508 at equal intervals. The lower end of the third conveyor belt 508 is the feeding end, and the upper end of the third conveyor belt 508 is the discharging end. The rear end of the semicircular dropping net 404 and the discharging ends of the two second conveyor belts 503 are all located above the feeding end of the third conveyor belt 508, and the discharging end of the third conveyor belt 508 is located above the second storage box 502;

[0115] A fourth mounting frame 504 is installed on the movable frame 1 on both sides of the threshing assembly 4, and the fourth mounting frame 504 is arranged across the second conveyor belt 503. A third storage box 507 is installed on the fourth mounting frame 504, and a mounting cylinder 505 arranged obliquely downward is installed on the side wall of the third storage box 507. The fourth auger 506 is installed in the mounting cylinder 505, and the lower end feed port of the mounting cylinder 505 is located in the first storage box 501, and the upper end discharge port of the mounting cylinder 505 is located above the third storage box 507.

[0116] In this embodiment, the crushed straw from the first discharge port 207 enters the second storage box 502 through the second conveyor belt 503 and the third conveyor belt 508 in sequence, and at the same time the fourth auger 506 transports the sorghum grains in the first storage box 501 to the third storage box 507 for storage.

[0117] See also Figure 3 、 5 , 6, 9, a guide plate 601 is provided in each of the first discharge port 207 and the second discharge port 307, and one end of the guide plate 601 is rotatably mounted on the end of the first discharge port 207 or the second discharge port 307 away from the movable frame 1;

[0118] During the up and down movement of the straw harvesting and crushing component 2 and the sorghum harvesting component 3, the guide plate 601 in the first discharge port 207 is always located above the feed end of the second conveyor belt 503, and the guide plate 601 in the second discharge port 307 is always located above the semicircular guide trough 403.

[0119] In this embodiment, when the first hydraulic cylinder 202 and the second hydraulic cylinder 302 adjust the height of the straw harvesting and crushing component 2 and the sorghum harvesting component 3, the guide plate 601 rotates along the side wall of the first discharge port 207 or the second discharge port 307, and the other end of the guide plate 601 is always placed on the feed end of the second conveyor belt 503 or the feed end of the semicircular guide trough 403.

[0120] See also Figure 1 、 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, the second storage box 502 is further provided with a pressing mechanism for pressing the crushed straw, the pressing mechanism including a fifth mounting frame 510, a first screw 511, a first guide rod 512, a first mounting block 513, an electric telescopic rod 514, a magnet block 515, a pressing plate 516 and a pressing plate storage box 517;

[0121] A blank holding box 517 is mounted on the movable frame 1 on the side of the second storage box 502 away from the third conveyor belt 508. A plurality of blank holding plates 516 are stacked in sequence in the blank holding box 517. The fifth mounting frame 510 is disposed across the blank holding box 517 and the second storage box 502.

[0122] The first screw rod 511 and the first guide rod 512 are both mounted on the fifth mounting frame 510. The axes of the first screw rod 511 and the first guide rod 512 are parallel to the movement direction of the mobile frame 1. One end of the first mounting block 513 is threadedly connected to the first screw rod 511, and the other end of the first mounting block 513 is slidably connected to the first guide rod 512. An electric telescopic rod 514 that extends and retracts in the vertical direction is mounted on the first mounting block 513, and the magnet block 515 is mounted on the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 514.

[0123] Multiple groups of limit modules are vertically arranged on the side walls of the second material storage box 502. The multiple groups of limit modules are evenly spaced in the vertical direction. The limit modules include a plurality of limit sub-modules arranged on the four inner side walls of the second material storage box 502. Each of the limit sub-modules includes a limit block 518, a limit slot 519, a third rotating shaft 520, a torsion spring 521, and a guide bevel 5181.

[0124] A limiting groove 519 is formed on the side wall of the second material storage box 502 and passes through the side wall. The two ends of the third rotating shaft 520 are rotatably mounted on the two side walls of the limiting groove 519. The limiting block 518 is fixedly mounted on the third rotating shaft 520. The top surface of the limiting block 518 at one end inside the second material storage box 502 is provided with a guiding angle 5181.

[0125] A torsion spring 521 is sleeved on the third rotating shaft 520, one end of the torsion spring 521 is connected to the top wall of the limiting groove 519, and the other end of the torsion spring 521 is fixed to the limiting block 518. When the torsion spring 521 is in a free state, the top plane of the limiting block 518 conflicts with the top plane of the limiting groove 519.

[0126] In this embodiment, the crushed straw is relatively loose, and the storage space of the second storage box 502 is limited. Under mountain conditions, it is inconvenient for the transport vehicle to transport the crushed straw. Therefore, in order to increase the straw storage capacity of the second storage box 502, after the equipment has been working for a certain period of time, the top pressure plate 516 of the pressure plate storage box 517 is adsorbed by the magnet block 515 and placed at the opening of the second storage box 502. It is pressed down by the electric telescopic rod 514, and the pressure plate 516 is limited by a group of limiting modules. The above method increases the crushed straw storage capacity of the second storage box 502.

[0127] In this example of the present invention, the number of limiting modules is 3 groups and they are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction. The rear end of the second storage box 502 is a hinged switch plate that can be opened and closed (not shown in the figure). When the collection is completed, the switch plate is opened to take out the crushed straw in the second storage box 502.

[0128] A method for harvesting sorghum and crushing and collecting straw suitable for mountain agriculture, using the above-mentioned sorghum harvesting and crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0129] S1: Start the first hydraulic cylinder 202 to move the first cutting knife 204 to a predetermined height, and then start the second hydraulic cylinder 302 to move the second cutting knife 304 to a predetermined height;

[0130] S2: The sorghum harvesting component 3 cuts the sorghum ears and sends them to the threshing component 4 for threshing through the material guiding component 6. The threshed sorghum grains are sent to the third storage box 507 for storage through the feeding storage component 5. The threshed sorghum ears are sent to the second storage box 502 for storage. The specific steps are as follows:

[0131] S2.1: The moving frame 1 is started to move forward. As the ear-pushing wheel 305 rotates, the ear-pushing rod 306 pushes the sorghum ear into the second housing 303. Simultaneously, the second cutting knife 304 cuts the sorghum ear.

[0132] S2.2: The cut sorghum ears pass through the second auger module and the guide plate 601 in sequence and enter the separation assembly 4;

[0133] S2.3: The third auger 405 conveys the sorghum ear forward, and the sorghum kernels are separated from the sorghum ear by the threshing bar 407. The sorghum kernels fall into the first storage bin 501 through the semicircular drop net 404;

[0134] S2.4: Start the fourth auger 506 to transport the sorghum grains in the first storage box 501 to the third storage boxes 507 on both sides for storage;

[0135] S2.5: The detached sorghum ears are guided by the arc-shaped guide plate 409 to the rear end of the semicircular drop net 404 and fall onto the third conveyor belt 508. The third conveyor belt 508 guides the detached sorghum ears into the second storage box 502 for storage.

[0136] S3: The straw harvesting and crushing component 2 cuts and crushes the sorghum straw, and sends it to the first storage box 501 for storage through the feeding storage component 5 and the material guiding component 6. The specific steps are as follows:

[0137] S3.1: After the second cutting blade 304 cuts the sorghum ear, the sorghum stalk is guided between the conical guide blocks 205, and the first cutting blade 204 cuts the sorghum stalk;

[0138] S3.2: As the synchronous belt 208 moves, the straw-moving shaft 211 pushes the sorghum straw toward the end near the first auger module. Simultaneously, the guide shafts 212 below the tapered guide blocks 205 on both sides rotate to push the sorghum straw downward, and the crushing blades 214 cut and crush the downwardly pushed sorghum straw.

[0139] S3.3: The cut and crushed sorghum stalks fall onto the first conveyor belt 206, and pass through the first conveyor belt 206, the first auger module, the guide plate 601, the second conveyor belt 503, and the third conveyor belt 508 in sequence before entering the second storage box 502 for storage.

[0140] In summary, the present invention achieves both sorghum ear harvesting and sorghum stalk harvesting and crushing by providing a straw harvesting and crushing assembly 2 and a sorghum harvesting assembly 3, thereby being highly practical. Furthermore, by providing a first hydraulic cylinder 202 and a second hydraulic cylinder 302 to adjust the heights of the straw harvesting and crushing assembly 2 and the sorghum harvesting assembly 3, the sorghum stalks can be cut at different heights according to their quality, and can be adapted to the harvesting requirements of sorghum ears at different heights, thus having a wide range of applications.

[0141] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting device suitable for mountain agriculture, characterized in that: Includes transport frame, plus: The straw harvesting and crushing assembly includes a first mounting frame, a first hydraulic cylinder, and a cutting and crushing mechanism. The first hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the front end surface of the mobile frame, the first mounting frame is mounted on the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder, and the first hydraulic cylinder is telescopic in the vertical direction. The cutting and crushing mechanism for cutting and crushing the sorghum straw is mounted on the first mounting frame. The sorghum harvesting assembly includes a second mounting frame, a second hydraulic cylinder and an ear-pulling and cutting mechanism. The second hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the first mounting frame, and the second mounting frame is mounted on the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder. The second hydraulic cylinder is telescopic in the vertical direction and is used to cut the sorghum ears. The ear-pulling and cutting mechanism is mounted on the second mounting frame. A threshing assembly for threshing sorghum ears is mounted on a mobile frame, and a feed end of the threshing assembly is connected to a discharge end of the sorghum harvesting assembly; The feeding storage assembly includes a first storage box and a second storage box. The first storage box for collecting threshed sorghum grains is located on the mobile frame below the threshing assembly, and the second storage box for storing crushed straw and threshed sorghum ears is installed at the rear end of the mobile frame. The cutting and crushing mechanism includes a first shell, a first cutting knife, a conical guide block, a first conveyor belt and a first discharge port; The two ends of the first housing are respectively fixed to the two ends of the first mounting frame, the front end and the upper end of the first housing are both opened, and the first cutting knife for cutting the sorghum stalks is installed at the front end of the first mounting frame; A plurality of equally spaced conical guide blocks are mounted on a first mounting frame above the first cutting blade, a crushing module for crushing the sorghum stalks is disposed between two adjacent conical guide blocks, and a first conveyor belt for transporting the crushed sorghum stalks is disposed below the conical guide blocks; Two first discharge ports are provided on the rear end surface of the first housing, and a first mounting frame on the rear side of the first conveyor belt is provided with a first auger module for conveying the crushed straw at the discharge end of the first conveyor belt to the two first discharge ports respectively; The crushing module includes a synchronous belt, a first synchronous wheel, a second synchronous wheel, a straw shifting shaft, a guide shaft, a mounting shaft and a crushing knife; Two first synchronous wheels are rotatably installed on the bottom end surface of the conical guide block, and a synchronous belt is sleeved on the two first synchronous wheels. A plurality of straw shifting shafts are evenly spaced on the synchronous belt, and the movement direction of the synchronous belt is the same as the movement direction of the moving frame; Two guide shafts arranged at an acute angle are rotatably mounted on the bottom ends of two adjacent conical guide blocks, and the planes where the axis lines of the two guide shafts lie are parallel to the bottom end surfaces of the conical guide blocks. A first driving module for driving the guide shafts to rotate is also mounted on the bottom end surfaces of the conical guide blocks; One end of the mounting shaft is rotatably mounted on the bottom end of the conical guide block, and a second synchronous wheel is mounted on the mounting shaft. The second synchronous wheel is located in the synchronous belt and is driven by the synchronous belt. A crushing knife for crushing sorghum stalks is installed at the other end of the mounting shaft. The crushing knife is located below the guide shaft, and a second drive module for driving the first synchronous wheel to rotate is also installed in the conical guide block.

2. The sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first auger module includes two symmetrically arranged first augers, the adjacent ends of the two first augers are fixedly connected, and the other ends of the two first augers are fixedly connected to one end of a first rotating shaft. A number of first guide rods are evenly spaced on the first rotating shaft, and the first guide rods on both sides are respectively located on one side of the two first discharge ports.

3. The sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tassel-prying and cutting mechanism comprises a second housing, a second cutting knife, a tassel-prying wheel, a tassel-prying rod, and a second discharge port; The two ends of the second housing are respectively fixed to the two ends of the second mounting frame, the front end and the upper end of the second housing are both opened, and the second cutting knife for cutting the sorghum ear is installed at the front end of the second mounting frame; The ear-prying wheel is arranged on a second mounting frame above the second cutting knife, a plurality of ear-prying rods are provided on the ear-prying wheel, a second discharge port is provided on the rear end surface of the first shell, and a second auger module for transporting sorghum ears to the second discharge port is provided on the second mounting frame on the rear side of the ear-prying wheel; The second auger module includes two symmetrically arranged second augers, and the adjacent ends of the two second augers are respectively connected to one end of the second rotating shaft. A plurality of second guide rods are provided on the second rotating shaft, and the second guide rods are located on one side of the second discharge port.

4. The sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture according to claim 3, characterized in that: The threshing assembly includes a third mounting frame, a material guide block, a semicircular material guide trough, a semicircular material drop net, a third auger, a threshing shaft, a threshing rod, a semicircular top plate and an arc-shaped material guide plate; The third mounting frame is mounted on the mobile frame, the material guide block is mounted on an end of the third mounting frame close to the sorghum harvesting assembly, a semicircular material guide trough is provided on the material guide block that runs through the length direction thereof, the semicircular material drop net is mounted on an end of the third mounting frame that is away from the sorghum harvesting assembly, the semicircular material guide trough is coaxially arranged with the semicircular material drop net, and the first material storage box is located below the semicircular material drop net; A third auger for transmitting sorghum ears is arranged in the semicircular guide trough, and the third auger is rotatably mounted on the third mounting frame at one end close to the sorghum harvesting assembly. The third auger is coaxially arranged with the semicircular guide trough, and a plurality of threshing shafts are mounted in a circumferential array on the end surface of the third auger away from the sorghum harvesting assembly, and a plurality of threshing rods are mounted on the threshing shafts at equal intervals. A semicircular top plate is also installed on the third mounting frame. The semicircular top plate is located above the semicircular material guide trough and the semicircular material drop net. The semicircular top plate and the semicircular material drop net are coaxially arranged. A plurality of arc-shaped material guide plates are evenly spaced on the semicircular top plate.

5. The sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feeding storage assembly also includes a second conveyor belt, a fourth mounting bracket, a mounting cylinder, a fourth auger, a third storage box, a third conveyor belt and a baffle plate; A second conveyor belt is installed on the movable frame on both sides of the threshing assembly, and the third conveyor belt is installed on the movable frame between the threshing assembly and the second storage box. The third conveyor belt is arranged obliquely upward, and a plurality of baffles are arranged on the third conveyor belt at equal intervals. The lower end of the third conveyor belt is the feeding end, and the upper end of the third conveyor belt is the discharging end. The rear end of the semicircular dropping net and the discharging ends of the two second conveyor belts are all located above the feeding end of the third conveyor belt, and the discharging end of the third conveyor belt is located above the second storage box. A fourth mounting frame is installed on the movable frame on both sides of the threshing assembly, and the fourth mounting frame is arranged across the second conveyor belt. A third storage box is installed on the fourth mounting frame, and a mounting cylinder arranged obliquely downward is installed on the side wall of the third storage box. The fourth auger is installed in the mounting cylinder, and the lower end feed port of the mounting cylinder is located in the first storage box, and the upper end discharge port of the mounting cylinder is located above the third storage box.

6. The sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture according to claim 5, characterized in that: A material guide plate is provided in each of the first and second material outlets, and one end of the material guide plate is rotatably mounted on an end of the first or second material outlet away from the movable frame; During the up and down movement of the straw harvesting and crushing assembly and the sorghum harvesting assembly, the guide plate in the first discharge port is always located above the feed end of the second conveyor belt, and the guide plate in the second discharge port is always located above the semicircular guide trough.

7. The sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second storage box is also provided with a pressing mechanism for pressing the crushed straw, and the pressing mechanism includes a fifth mounting frame, a first screw, a first guide rod, a first mounting block, an electric telescopic rod, a magnet block, a pressing plate and a pressing plate storage box; A blank storage box is installed on the movable frame on the side of the second material storage box away from the third conveyor belt, and a plurality of blanks are stacked in sequence in the blank storage box. The fifth mounting frame is arranged across the blank storage box and above the second material storage box. The first screw and the first guide rod are both mounted on the fifth mounting bracket, the axes of the first screw and the first guide rod are parallel to the movement direction of the movable frame, one end of the first mounting block is threadedly connected to the first screw, and the other end of the first mounting block is slidably connected to the first guide rod, an electric telescopic rod that extends and retracts in a vertical direction is mounted on the first mounting block, and the magnet block is mounted on the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod; A plurality of limit modules are provided on the side walls of the second material storage box in the vertical direction, and the plurality of limit modules are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction. The limit modules include a plurality of limit sub-modules provided on the four inner side walls of the second material storage box, and each of the limit sub-modules includes a limit block, a limit groove, a third rotating shaft, a torsion spring, and a guide bevel; A limiting groove is provided on the side wall of the second material storage box and passes through the side wall thereof. Both ends of the third rotating shaft are rotatably mounted on the two side walls of the limiting groove respectively. The limiting block is fixedly mounted on the third rotating shaft. A top surface of the limiting block at one end inside the second material storage box is provided with a guiding bevel. A torsion spring is sleeved on the third rotating shaft, one end of the torsion spring is connected to the top wall of the limiting groove, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixed to the limiting block. When the torsion spring is in a free state, the top plane of the limiting block conflicts with the top plane of the limiting groove.

8. A method for harvesting sorghum and crushing and collecting straw suitable for mountain agriculture, characterized in that: The sorghum harvesting and straw crushing and collecting equipment suitable for mountain agriculture as claimed in claim 7 is used, and the specific steps are as follows: S1: Start the first hydraulic cylinder to move the first cutting knife to a predetermined height, and then start the second hydraulic cylinder to move the second cutting knife to a predetermined height; S2: The sorghum harvesting component cuts off the sorghum ears and sends the sorghum ears to the threshing component for threshing through the material guiding component. The threshed sorghum grains are sent to the third storage box for storage through the feeding storage component, and the threshed sorghum ears are sent to the second storage box for storage. The specific steps are as follows: S2.1: The moving frame is started to move forward. As the ear-pushing wheel rotates, the ear-pushing rod pushes the sorghum ear into the second housing, and the second cutting knife cuts the sorghum ear at the same time. S2.2: The cut sorghum ears pass through the second auger module and the guide plate and then enter the separation assembly; S2.3: The third auger conveys the sorghum ear forward, and the sorghum kernels are separated from the sorghum ear by the threshing bar. The sorghum kernels fall into the first storage box through the semicircular drop net; S2.4: Start the fourth auger to transport the sorghum grains in the first storage bin to the third storage bins on both sides for storage; S2.5: The detached sorghum ears are guided by the arc-shaped guide plate to the rear end of the semicircular drop net and fall onto the third conveyor belt, which guides the detached sorghum ears into the second storage box for storage; S3: The straw harvesting and crushing component cuts and crushes the sorghum straw, and sends it to the first storage box for storage through the feeding storage component and the material guide component. The specific steps are as follows: S3.1: After the second cutting blade cuts off the sorghum ear, the sorghum stalk is guided between the conical guide blocks, and the first cutting blade cuts off the sorghum stalk; S3.2: During the movement of the synchronous belt, the straw-moving shaft pushes the sorghum straw toward the end near the first auger module. Simultaneously, the guide shafts below the tapered guide blocks on both sides rotate, pushing the sorghum straw downward. The crushing blades cut and crush the sorghum straw pushed downward. S3.3: The cut and crushed sorghum stalks fall onto the first conveyor belt, pass through the first conveyor belt, the first auger module, the guide plate, the second conveyor belt and the third conveyor belt in sequence, and then enter the second storage box for storage.

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