Coal gangue-based microbial active substrate for planting and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a coal gangue microbial active substrate for planting and a preparation method thereof. The application can dissociate effective mineral elements in coal gangue through the decomposition and activation of microorganisms, and can form a microbial substrate for planting by cooperating with added biogenic solid waste such as biogas residue, coconut husk, poultry manure and vinegar residue. The prepared microbial substrate contains active microbial strains which can continuously decompose and activate coal gangue, and can continuously release mineral elements necessary for plant growth, and can decompose organic matters in biogenic solid waste. Through the added biogenic solid waste, a certain particle size, loose and breathable physical structure and stable physicochemical properties are formed, and the physical structure can stably provide nutrient elements and organic matters for plants in the plant growth period. The microbial active substrate prepared by using the application can slowly provide necessary nutrient substances for plants in the cultivation period, and can better promote plant growth.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of microbial degradation of solid waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a coal gangue-based active microbial substrate and a preparation method thereof BACKGROUND

[0002] Coal gangue is a waste discharged in the process of coal production, and the annual discharge amount of coal gangue accounts for 10%-30% of the coal production in China, with an annual output of about 3.8*10 8 From the comprehensive mining process of coal, 10 8 tons of coking coal are washed and selected, and 2*10 7 tons of coal gangue are discharged. Since the coal gangue contains a large amount of harmful substances, it causes serious damage to the mining area environment, leading to many social and environmental problems.

[0003] Biogas residue is the solid material remaining after fermentation of organic matter. The biogas residue is rich in organic matter, humic acid, trace nutrients, various amino acids, enzymes and beneficial microorganisms, and can play a good role in improving the soil. In addition to rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macronutrients, the biogas residue also contains trace elements such as boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc. The biogas residue contains 10%-20% humic acid and 30%-50% organic matter, which can meet the needs of crop growth.

[0004] At present, the solid waste treatment of coal gangue has become an increasingly serious environmental problem. Coal gangue is mainly used for power generation, chemical raw materials and building materials. With the development of microbial technology, the method of utilizing coal gangue through microbial fermentation has become a hot spot. However, the existing technology only utilizes a small part of coal gangue, and a long fermentation period is required in the process of preparing finished products, which requires a large investment to build a production workshop. Therefore, in order to realize the real efficient utilization of coal gangue and good economic benefits, it is necessary to solve the efficiency of utilizing coal gangue, which can not only utilize a large amount of coal gangue to improve the application scenarios of coal gangue, but also realize good economic benefits and efficient and sustainable treatment of biological solid waste such as coal gangue. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to solve the deficiencies of the existing coal gangue utilization technology, and to provide a high-efficiency and economical coal gangue-based microbial active substrate for planting and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively realize the efficient utilization of coal gangue and reduce the demand of plant growth on soil.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] A coal gangue-based microbial active substrate for planting, characterized in that it comprises raw coal gangue, biogas residue, coconut fiber, poultry manure and vinegar residue in a mass ratio of 70-85% : 10-15% : 0-5% : 0-10% : 0-5%, respectively, and that a mixed microbial liquid in a mass ratio of one part to five parts is sprayed into the mixture after being fully mixed.

[0008] In the raw material of the coal gangue-based microbial active substrate, the coal gangue needs to be crushed in advance for particle size combination, wherein the content of coal gangue below 4 mesh is more than 10%, the content of 4 mesh-10 mesh is more than 40%, the content of 10 mesh-20 mesh is more than 25%, the content of 20 mesh-30 mesh is more than 5%, and the content of more than 30 mesh is less than 20%.

[0009] The microbial agents in the microbial liquid include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, actinomycetes and the French citric acid bacillus SWYP5 preserved in the laboratory, and Enterobacter cloacae SWYP16, wherein the French citric acid bacillus SWYP5 is 0.2-0.7%, the Enterobacter cloacae SWYP16 is 0.3-0.8%, the Bacillus subtilis is 0-0.5%, the Bacillus megaterium is 0-0.5%, and the actinomycetes is 0-0.6%. Among them, the number of viable bacteria of the French citric acid bacillus SWYP5 in each gram of the compound microbial agent is more than 30 billion, the number of Enterobacter cloacae SWYP16 is more than 20 billion, the number of Bacillus subtilis is 0-100 billion, the number of Bacillus megaterium is 0-100 billion, and the number of actinomycetes is 0-100 billion.

[0010] The French citric acid bacillus SWYP5 was preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24, 2023, with the preservation number of CGMCC No: 28729.

[0011] The Enterobacter cloacae SWYP16 was preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24, 2023, with the preservation number of CGMCC No: 28730.

[0012] A preparation method of a coal gangue-based microbial active substrate for planting, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1, collecting coal gangue, crushing, and screening according to particle size to make the coal gangue material reach the required material ratio;

[0014] Step 2, adding biogas residue, coconut fiber, poultry manure, vinegar residue and other substances according to the nutrient element demand for planting, and fully mixing and stirring;

[0015] Step 3: Spray microbial inoculants. Add the fermented microbial inoculants to the mixed microbial substrate in the calculated proportions, ensuring that the total moisture content does not exceed 10%. After the substrate has been piled up for 48 hours to react, plant the plants.

[0016] During planting, the organic matter content in the microbial active substrate is greater than 30 g / kg, total nitrogen is greater than 0.25 mg / kg, available phosphorus content is greater than 60 mg / kg, available potassium content is greater than 150 mg / kg, and available nitrogen is greater than 200 mg / kg. During the 3-month planting period, the number of viable microorganisms is still 60% higher than that of the first addition of microbial inoculant.

[0017] The coal gangue-based microbial active substrate in this application is rich in organic matter and mineral inorganic elements. By adding active microorganisms, the effective mineral elements in the coal gangue can be slowly released. It is rich in elements such as N, P, and K, which are essential for plant growth, as well as organic matter. It can provide nutrients for plant growth, reduce or even eliminate the need for chemical fertilizers, utilize solid waste, and save land resources.

[0018] Coconut coir, poultry manure, and vinegar residue can be added as supplementary ingredients depending on the different raw materials and the needs of the plants being grown.

[0019] Microbial inoculants create an effective micro-ecological environment in the coal gangue microbial matrix, inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogens, promoting the release of effective elements in the raw materials, and facilitating the formation of microbial communities in the matrix during the planting process, thus constructing a micro-ecological community. Simultaneously, the microbial inoculants maintain high activity during the planting period, further promoting the slow release of elements from the coal gangue. This also enhances the physical properties of the matrix and creates a structure conducive to plant growth.

[0020] Therefore, adding microbial agents to coal gangue-based microbial active substrates can not only change the physical structure of the substrate and inhibit the growth of harmful pathogenic microorganisms, but also slowly release and decompose effective trace elements in coal gangue through the action of microorganisms, providing nutrients for plant growth.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the provided coal gangue-based microbial active matrix is ​​rich in organic matter and mineral inorganic elements; by adding active microorganisms, the effective mineral elements in the coal gangue are slowly released; it can continuously provide nutrients for plant growth for a certain period of time, reducing or even eliminating the need for chemical fertilizer raw materials; in addition, it utilizes solid waste and saves land resources. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This shows the growth of plants grown on different coal gangue substrates;

[0023] In the figure: Group A is coal gangue substrate without added microorganisms; Group B is active coal gangue substrate with added microbial agents; Group C is pure coal gangue planting. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present application will be described below with reference to specific embodiments. The experimental data and analysis involved in the embodiments are used to illustrate the principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. There are no fixed restrictions on the raw materials used in the present invention; any raw materials that meet the technical specifications can be used. The requirement that the heavy metal content be lower than the standard requirements for soil used in greening and planting is not a limitation of the scope of the present invention.

[0025] The selected coal gangue from Yangcheng County was crushed, sorted, and mixed according to five grades. The proportions were as follows: 10% gangue smaller than 4 mesh, 45% gangue between 4 and 10 mesh, 25% gangue between 10 and 20 mesh, 5% gangue between 20 and 30 mesh, and 15% gangue larger than 30 mesh. The mixture was then prepared for use. The required biogas residue and other biological solid waste were crushed, with the particle size controlled between 0.3 and 0.8 mm.

[0026] The preparation and application of coal gangue-based microbial active substrates specifically include the following steps:

[0027] (1) Add the prepared biological solid waste and coal gangue in a ratio of 0.2:0.8, stir and mix evenly for later use;

[0028] (2) Measure the pH of the mixed coal gangue-based matrix raw material, add vinegar residue as needed, and control the pH of the raw material at 6.5-7.5 for later use;

[0029] (3) Add microbial agents that have completed high-density liquid culture according to the following amounts: the number of viable bacteria of Citrobacter flavus SWYP5 in the final substrate is greater than 30 billion and the number of viable bacteria of Enterobacter holmie SWYP16 is greater than 20 billion per gram of compound microbial agent. The water content is controlled at 10%-15%.

[0030] (4) Transfer the substrate with added microbial agent into the planting pot and leave it at room temperature for 48 hours before use;

[0031] (5) The content of organic matter in the active matrix was determined to be 40 g / kg, total nitrogen was 0.27 mg / kg, available phosphorus was 70 mg / kg, available potassium was 180 mg / kg, and available nitrogen was 240 mg / kg.

[0032] (6) Plant three selected corn seeds in a planting pot and plant them under the same conditions for one month. Observe the growth status of each seed. The data after one month of planting are attached. Figure 1The data shows that Group A is coal gangue substrate without added microorganisms, Group B is active coal gangue substrate with added microbial agents, and Group C is pure coal gangue planting.

[0033] (7) After 3 months of cultivation, the number of live bacteria in the added microbial agent was determined to be 72% of the original amount by fluorescence quantitative PCR live bacteria detection method;

[0034] Corn was grown using the prepared coal gangue-based microbial active substrate, and its growth was as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0035] Coal gangue originates from solid waste from coal enterprises. The raw material contains various mineral elements such as inorganic phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. The effective components in biogas residue can provide rich nutrients for the coal gangue substrate. The N, P, and K contents are moderate, which will not cause seedling burn during the planting process. At the same time, it provides the necessary structural materials for the planting substrate.

Claims

1. A coal gangue-based microbial active substrate for planting, characterized in that, The substrate comprises coal gangue, biological solid waste, and microbial inoculum, with a coal gangue to biological solid waste mass ratio of 70-85:15-30; the microbial inoculum content is 0.1% to 0.5%; the preparation steps are as follows: Step 1: Crush the coal gangue, classify it according to different particle sizes, and combine the particle sizes. Step 2: Prepare the bio-organic solid waste according to the nutrient requirements for planting; add the crushed coal gangue to the bio-organic solid waste, mix thoroughly, and control the pH of the raw materials at 6.5-7.5 for later use; Step 3: Spray microbial inoculum solution. Spray the mixture with a concentration of 1 to 5 parts per thousand of the microbial inoculum solution by mass. Ensure that the total moisture content does not exceed 10%. After the mixture has been piled up and reacted for 48 hours, plant the plants. In the particle size distribution of the coal gangue, the content of coal gangue with a mesh size of less than 4 mesh is more than 10%, the content of coal gangue with a mesh size of 4-10 mesh is more than 40%, the content of coal gangue with a mesh size of 10-20 mesh is more than 25%, the content of coal gangue with a mesh size of 20-30 mesh is more than 5%, and the content of coal gangue with a mesh size greater than 30 mesh is less than 20%. The biological solid waste includes biogas residue, coconut coir, poultry manure and vinegar residue, wherein the mass ratio of biogas residue, coconut coir, poultry manure and vinegar residue is 10-15:0-5:0-10:0-5, and the particle size is controlled at 0.3-0.8 mm. The microbial agents in the microbial inoculum include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, actinomycetes, and Citrobacter f. SWYP5 and Enterobacter holmieae SWYP16 preserved in the laboratory, wherein Citrobacter f. SWYP5 is 0.2-0.7%, Enterobacter holmieae SWYP16 is 0.3-0.8%, Bacillus subtilis is 0-0.5%, Bacillus megaterium is 0-0.5%, and actinomycetes are 0-0.6%.

2. The coal gangue-based microbial active substrate for planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Citrobacter f. SWYP5 was deposited on October 24, 2023, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) with accession number CGMCC No:28729.

3. The coal gangue-based microbial active substrate for planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Enterobacter hopterii SWYP16 was deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24, 2023, with accession number CGMCC No:28730.

4. The coal gangue-based microbial active substrate for planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prepared microbial active substrate, when planted, contains more than 30 g / kg of organic matter, more than 0.25 mg / kg of total nitrogen, more than 60 mg / kg of available phosphorus, more than 150 mg / kg of available potassium, and more than 200 mg / kg of available nitrogen. During the 3-month planting period, the number of viable microorganisms is still 60% higher than that of the first addition of microbial inoculant.

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