River and lake channel bottom water body ecological management device, ecological management method and design method

Abstract

This invention relates to an ecological management device, method, and design for the bottom water bodies of rivers, lakes, and channels. It includes: a lower box submerged near the bottom and an upper box with an open top, partially submerged and floating on the surface. The upper and lower boxes are connected by a retractable connecting pipe. An upper hollow box surrounds the outlet of the connecting pipe in the upper box, isolating the water surface inside the upper box from the water surface outside, but maintaining a bottom connection. The inlet of the connecting pipe in the lower box is funnel-shaped, surrounded by a lower hollow box to adjust the depth of the lower box from the bottom. Both the upper and lower boxes are equipped with facilities to prevent them from being swept away by water flow. The device, method, and design utilize the upper and lower boxes with the connecting pipe to continuously transport sediment from the bottom of the water body to the surface through water evaporation and plant transpiration, without any artificial or mechanical intervention. This provides nutrients for aquatic plants planted in the upper box, improving the water environment of rivers and lakes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an ecological treatment device, ecological treatment method, and design method for the bottom water of rivers, lakes, and channels. It is an ecological treatment and protection device and design method, and a device and design method for preventing algal blooms and improving the ecological environment. Background Technology

[0002] In urban rivers and lakes, a large amount of sediment exists at the bottom, which commonly contains pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter, and even metallic compounds. The surface of sediments typically contains 95%–99% water, of which only a small portion is bound to other components to form hydrates; the majority exists as freely moving media, i.e., interstitial water. A significant concentration gradient exists between this interstitial water and the overlying water. This gradient causes pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter to be released from the sediments, creating a diffusion flux through the sediment-water interface to the overlying water. This enriches the upper water layer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter, leading to eutrophication.

[0003] High levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter in rivers and lakes promote the proliferation of algae, inhibit the growth of submerged plants, hinder water reoxygenation, and cause phytoplankton to die from oxygen depletion. The decomposition and mineralization of these dead organisms produce oxygen-consuming organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, leading to seasonal black and odorous water conditions. Rising water temperatures accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen by microorganisms and algal remains, further depleting dissolved oxygen and exacerbating the black and odorous conditions. The black and odorous conditions are primarily caused by oxygen deficiency, but are also related to eutrophication and sediment deposition.

[0004] Existing technologies for addressing the aforementioned problems mainly include aeration, water exchange, water replenishment, dredging, and ecological floating beds. Of these methods, except for dredging, the others target the upper water body and cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Dredging, on the other hand, targets the bottom sediment and can fundamentally solve the problem of excessive algae growth. However, current dredging methods primarily employ manual or mechanical methods. Manual or mechanical dredging is a resource-intensive undertaking, requiring significant manpower, material resources, and financial investment. If the water body is frequently polluted, continuous dredging is necessary to prevent recurring pollution, making it a major challenge in the management of existing urban rivers.

[0005] In practice, only pollutants in the top 20cm of sediment are released and diffused into the upper water body. When the intensity and flux of pollutant release and diffusion from the sediment surface are low, the pollution level of the upper water body is naturally reduced.

[0006] The removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter from water in nature involves a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes, including microbial absorption and transformation, plant absorption and adsorption, oxidation, gravity sedimentation of particulate matter, and interception of particulate matter by plants. Among these processes, aquatic plants play a crucial role.

[0007] Under hydroponic conditions, the plant's nutrient supply comes entirely from the water body. The abundant nitrogen and phosphorus in the bottom water are transported to the surface, promoting vigorous growth. The role of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment is closely related to their growth status; the more vigorous the growth and the greater the biomass, the greater their purification effect. Microbial absorption and transformation are the main pathways for the removal of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, and small molecule organic matter. Aquatic plants are the main carriers of microorganisms, providing ample space for their growth and reproduction, increasing the contact area and opportunities between microorganisms and plants and nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter. Emergent plants transport oxygen produced by photosynthesis or absorbed by their leaves to the roots through their aerobic channels, forming an oxidized environment in the reducing medium of the plant root zone. Submerged plants can perform photosynthesis in their stems and leaves, creating an aerobic-anaerobic microenvironment around the entire plant, providing favorable conditions and guarantees for the transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter. Aquatic plants can form special biofilm structures, which play a significant role in the filtration, adsorption, absorption, and transformation of pollutants, and their surfaces are also sites for the deposition of heavy metal phase organic matter.

[0008] The more vigorous the plant growth, the more significant the purification effect. However, the growth of aquatic plants is closely related to water depth and water quality. For example, emergent plants can only grow under certain water depth conditions, and submerged plants can only grow under certain transparency conditions. In some artificial channels, including urban waterways that have undergone riverbank management, the riverbanks are vertical, and the water depth is constantly changing, making it difficult for aquatic plants to grow and develop. How to continuously dredge the bottom of the water and plant aquatic plants with purification effects in deeper water bodies is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To overcome the problems of existing technologies, this invention proposes an ecological treatment device, method, and design for the bottom water bodies of rivers, lakes, and canals. The device, method, and design utilize two interconnected boxes, upper and lower, that continuously transport silt from the bottom of the water body to the surface through water evaporation and plant transpiration, without any manual or mechanical intervention. This provides nutrients for aquatic plants grown in the upper box, thereby improving the water environment of rivers and lakes.

[0010] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: an ecological water treatment device for the bottom of rivers and lakes includes: a lower box submerged underwater and close to the bottom, and an upper box with its top open, partially submerged and floating above the water surface. The upper and lower boxes are connected by a retractable connecting pipe. An upper hollow box is provided around the outlet of the connecting pipe in the upper box to adjust the suspension depth of the upper box on the water surface. Emergent plants are planted on the top of the upper hollow box, and a deep water area for planting submerged plants is provided around the upper hollow box. The water surface inside the upper box is isolated from the water surface outside the upper box, but the bottoms are connected. The inlet of the connecting pipe in the lower box is funnel-shaped, and a lower hollow box is provided around it to adjust the distance between the lower box and the bottom. The upper and lower boxes are equipped with facilities to prevent them from being washed away by water flow.

[0011] Furthermore, the vertical cross-sectional shape of the upper and lower boxes is rectangular, the horizontal cross-sectional shape is polygonal, and the material is fiberglass or engineering plastic.

[0012] Furthermore, the ratio of the planting area of ​​emergent plants to submerged plants in the polygonal upper box is 2:1 to 3:2.

[0013] Furthermore, the vertical cross-sectional shape of the upper and lower boxes is rectangular, and the horizontal cross-sectional shape is circular. The center of the circular upper box is a connecting pipe, and emergent plants are planted in concentric circles around it. Submerged plants are planted in concentric circles around the emergent plants. The ratio of the diameter of the circle where the emergent plants are distributed to the diameter of the circle where the submerged plants are distributed is 0.7 to 0.8.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper edge of the upper tank is 0.4 to 0.6 meters above the outer water body.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper box contains a box-type implant, which is a hexahedron with a rectangular horizontal cross-section, open at the top, closed at the bottom and on the left and right sides, and has permeable walls on the front and back sides.

[0016] Furthermore, the permeable area of ​​the permeable sidewall is 50% to 70%.

[0017] Furthermore, the facilities to prevent being swept away by the water flow are anchor posts fixed to the bottom of the water or the shore and anchor rings fixedly connected to the upper and lower boxes respectively. The upper and lower boxes are fitted onto the anchor posts with anchor rings, so that the upper and lower boxes can float up and down along the anchor posts.

[0018] A method for ecological treatment of water bodies at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and channels using the above-mentioned ecological treatment device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1, Set up the lower box: Put the anchor ring of the lower box onto the anchor column, and adjust the position of the lower box in the water by injecting coarse sand or water into the lower hollow box to ensure that the distance between the lower box and the bottom of the water body is 0.3 to 0.5m;

[0020] Step 2, setting up the upper box: Connect the lower box to the upper box using a connecting pipe, and place the anchor ring of the upper box onto the anchor post. Place a box-shaped planting body for growing emergent or submerged plants in the upper box, and combine the box-shaped planting bodies to form an area ratio of emergent to submerged plants of 2:1 to 3:2, as well as multiple plant varieties to ensure biodiversity. Fill the upper hollow box with coarse sand or water, and adjust the buoyancy of the upper box on the water surface to ensure that the upper edge of the upper box is 0.4 to 0.6 meters above the water surface.

[0021] Step 3, Absorbing water from the bottom: Due to evaporation from the water surface and transpiration from the plants, the amount of water in the upper tank decreases, creating a downward trend in the water level. This downward trend in the water level creates a downward trend in the connecting pipe, which in turn creates an upward natural water flow. With the flared opening of the lower tank, the water flow absorbs the sediment at the bottom of the water body within the flared opening area into the upper tank, where it diffuses as nutrients for the plants.

[0022] Step 4, Rainfall dilutes the bottom of the water body: When it rains, rainwater accumulates in the upper tank, creating a rising water level. This rising water level creates downward pressure in the connecting pipe, which in turn creates a downward natural water flow in the connecting pipe. The downward water flow will agitate the sediment at the bottom of the water body and dilute the impurities at the bottom of the water body.

[0023] A design method for the ecological water body treatment device at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and channels as described above, the design method comprising:

[0024] Determining the size of the upper chamber: The ratio of the sum of evaporation and transpiration within the upper chamber area to the planar area of ​​the upper structure is less than 0.1;

[0025] Determination of the diameter of the connecting pipe: The diameter of the connecting pipe should meet the requirements of smooth water flow between the upper and lower structures when the plant's water consumption and evaporation are large during the vigorous growth period or during heavy rainfall. The diameter of the connecting pipe should not be less than 0.1m.

[0026] Determining the length of the connecting pipe: The length of the connecting pipe is the difference between the depth of the river or lake and the height of the upper and lower boxes;

[0027] Layout of ecological treatment devices: To ensure the purification effect, ecological treatment devices are arranged within 30%-40% of the river and lake water surface area, and the net distance between ecological treatment devices is greater than the outer contour dimension of the upper box.

[0028] Aquatic plant configuration:

[0029] Principles for selecting aquatic plants:

[0030] (1) It has strong stain resistance;

[0031] (2) Select plants with different growth cycles;

[0032] (3) Large biomass;

[0033] (4) Resistant to cutting;

[0034] (5) Perennial;

[0035] (6) Diversity;

[0036] Basic requirements for submerged plants:

[0037] (1) It has strong resistance to pollution;

[0038] (2) It has a low photosynthetic compensation point and can grow in water under low light conditions;

[0039] (3) It has a large overwintering biomass;

[0040] Plant layout principles:

[0041] (1) According to the water quality conditions, aquatic plants should be tolerant to pollution, and the plants should be arranged from strong to weak pollution tolerance.

[0042] (2) Arrange emergent plants and submerged plants in sequence according to their ecological characteristics;

[0043] (3) Single-superior communities are distributed across different regions to facilitate management;

[0044] (4) Biodiversity: Select three different varieties and forms of plants to increase the ecological niche, ensure the diversity and stability of the ecosystem, and ensure the purification effect;

[0045] (5) Strive for seamless connection of plants at different growth stages, especially in early spring and late autumn, and configure appropriate plants to ensure long-term and continuous purification effect.

[0046] Plant layout:

[0047] Based on water quality conditions and plant characteristics, the plants are arranged in a certain proportion in terms of spatial and temporal distribution:

[0048] Horizontal spatial configuration: Based on water flow, water quality, and water depth conditions, arrange emergent and submerged plants that are pollution-resistant, fast-growing, have strong reproductive capacity, and good environmental benefits in sequence.

[0049] Vertical spatial configuration: Considering the different life forms of plant communities and their requirements for water depth, aquatic plants of different life forms or different growth forms of the same life form are selected as the water depth increases, and each occupies a different ecological space.

[0050] Seasonal selection: Choose plants that sprout early, mature late, and survive and grow in winter to ensure they still have purifying capabilities during low temperatures and cold seasons.

[0051] Configuration and management solution:

[0052] On a single body of water, multiple ecological treatment devices must be installed, with various combinations of aquatic plants to ensure biodiversity and maintain the stability and purification effect of the ecosystem. Each upper chamber contains different types of plants; within each upper chamber, three types of emergent plants are planted in the emergent plant area, and two or three types of submerged plants are planted in the submerged plant area.

[0053] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the reduction in water volume caused by evaporation from the water surface and transpiration of plants in the upper tank to create negative pressure. This negative pressure is then transmitted to the bottom flared opening of the lower tank through a connecting pipe, generating an absorption force on the sediment at the bottom of the water body. Without any manual or mechanical action, the silt at the bottom of the water body can be continuously transported to the upper tank, providing nutrients for the aquatic plants planted in the upper tank and purifying the water. This ecological treatment of the water body with aquatic plants improves the water environment of rivers and lakes, especially urban rivers and lakes. Attached Figure Description

[0054] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting pipe arranged in the middle of the rectangular upper box according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 1 View from direction B;

[0057] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting pipe arranged on one side of the rectangular upper box according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 1 View from direction B;

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circular upper box body described in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 1 View from direction B;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the permeable wall of the box-type implant described in Embodiment Six of the present invention, which has round holes.

[0060] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the permeable wall of the box-type implant described in Embodiment Six of the present invention, which is a grid. Detailed Implementation

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] This embodiment is an ecological water treatment device for the bottom of rivers, lakes, and canals, such as... Figure 1 As shown. This embodiment includes: a lower box 1 submerged underwater and close to the bottom 01, and an upper box 2 with its top open, partially submerged and floating on the surface 02. The upper and lower boxes are connected by a retractable connecting pipe 3. An upper hollow box 201 is provided around the outlet of the connecting pipe in the upper box to adjust the levitation depth of the upper box on the water surface. Emergent plants 202 are planted on the top of the upper hollow box, and a deep water area planted with submerged plants 203 is provided around the upper hollow box. The water surface inside the upper box is isolated from the water surface outside the upper box, but the bottoms are connected. The inlet 101 of the connecting pipe in the lower box is funnel-shaped, and a lower hollow box 102 is provided around it to adjust the distance between the lower box and the bottom. The upper and lower boxes are equipped with facilities 4 to prevent them from being swept away by the water flow.

[0063] The device described in this embodiment consists of an upper structure and a lower structure, which are connected by a connecting pipe, such as... Figure 1 As shown. The upper structure mainly consists of an upper box and aquatic plants grown within it. The lower structure mainly consists of a lower box and an flared opening formed by the outer contour of the lower box. The main function of the lower box is to collect water from the bottom. The lower box has a funnel-shaped cross-section and is a hollow structure, with a maximum height h2 (see...). Figure 1 The buoyancy of the upper tank is controlled by the required parameters. A hole at the top allows for the injection of coarse sand or water to adjust the position of the lower structure in the water, ensuring that the bottom edge of the lower tank is 0.3–0.5 m above the surface of the river / lake sediment. The total height of the upper tank, h4, is 2.0 m. The emergent plant area has a water depth of 0.5 m. The lower part is a hollow structure with a hole at the top for injecting coarse sand or water to regulate the buoyancy of the entire upper tank and adjust its position in the water. The submerged plant area in the upper tank has a water depth of 1.5 m. To prevent river / lake water from entering the upper tank due to external wind and waves, the outer edge of the upper tank is 0.5 m above the river / lake water level. The upper tank serves as the treatment area, planted with emergent and submerged plants in an area ratio of 2:1–3:2.

[0064] The upper and lower housings are both cylindrical in shape, with a horizontal cross-sectional shape that can be circular, rectangular, or other polygonal. The upper housing is open at the top and closed at the bottom, with a connecting port for a connecting pipe at the bottom. The lower housing is closed at the top and has a connecting port for the connecting pipe, while its bottom is open and flared. The horizontal cross-sectional shapes of the upper and lower housings can be the same or different; for example, both the upper and lower housings can have rectangular horizontal cross-sections, or the upper housing can have a rectangular horizontal cross-section and the lower housing can have a circular horizontal cross-section.

[0065] The planting area in the upper box can be planted directly or using a box-type planting method, which consists of individual small boxes. Soil or the root systems of aquatic plants are fixed to the bottom of each small box, allowing one or more types of plants to grow within it. Several small boxes containing different plants are then combined to create zones, categories, and sections for planting various plants within the upper box.

[0066] Using small boxes to divide and categorize different plants significantly increases the flexibility and adaptability of plant cultivation, and simplifies maintenance and management. Specifically, it effectively prevents the disorderly spread of aquatic plants, facilitates timely replacement of plant species, reduces mutual impact and its scope, effectively intercepts and stores sediments, prevents backflow to the bottom of rivers and lakes, and facilitates disposal. To utilize the different growth depths of different aquatic plants in water, padding blocks can be added to the upper box to raise the planting level and change the water depth to which the plants adapt. For example, in the emergent plant area, adding 0.2m high padding blocks can change the water depth from 0.5m to 0.3m, accommodating shallow-water plant growth or meeting the initial water depth requirements for planting. In the submerged plant area, adding padding blocks can even transform it into an emergent plant area. In winter, even when completely submerged below the ice layer and planted entirely with whole overwintering submerged plants, it can still purify the water.

[0067] The water inside the upper tank is isolated from the surrounding water. Due to evaporation from the water surface and transpiration from the plants, a water level difference is created inside and outside the upper tank, acting like a siphon or water pump. This causes the water at the bottom to rise to the upper tank through a connecting pipe. The water then flows sequentially through the emergent plant area and the submerged plant area. Figure 1 The direction of flow is indicated by arrow A. Because the bottom of the device is connected to the river or lake water, the water inside and outside the device naturally maintains a balance, requiring no energy consumption or specialized pumps for water intake and exchange, making it green and energy-efficient. During rainfall, rainwater remains on the surface of the river or lake water, while within the upper chamber, the rainwater mixes directly with the bottom water, effectively diluting it. Since the outer edge of the upper chamber is 0.5m above the water surface, its rainwater collection and dilution effect is even more significant during heavy rainstorms.

[0068] To ensure the connecting pipe remains straight, the horizontal projections of the upper and lower casings should be at the same position. Therefore, measures are implemented to prevent them from being swept away by the water flow. These measures can include anchor rings and anchor posts, preventing significant horizontal misalignment between the upper and lower parts while also facilitating overall horizontal movement and repositioning. In still water, anchor posts may not be necessary; instead, bags of gravel can be suspended at the anchor rings to adjust the position of the upper and lower structures. In artificial waterways such as aqueducts with relatively fixed water depths, the upper and lower casings can also be directly fixed to the bank.

[0069] The most significant feature of this embodiment is that the upper and lower chambers are adjustable, allowing it to adapt to water depths, especially in deeper waters where emergent plants can be grown. This greatly expands the planting area for aquatic plants, particularly emergent ones. This planting device offers a highly effective solution for purifying urban waterways with vertical banks or deep lakes. The connecting pipe in this embodiment uses a telescopic pipe, such as a corrugated pipe. Figure 1 As shown, or other expandable pipe types. Connecting pipes should be designed for easy assembly and disassembly so that different lengths of connecting pipes can be used for different water depths.

[0070] Example 2:

[0071] This embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment, a refinement of the upper and lower housings. In this embodiment, the vertical cross-sectional shape of the upper and lower housings is rectangular (see...). Figure 1 The horizontal cross-section is polygonal, and the material is fiberglass or engineering plastic.

[0072] Figure 2 The diagram shows an upper box with a rectangular horizontal cross-section. Two connecting pipes run through the center, with emergent plant areas on either side of the pipes and submerged plant areas on either side of the emergent plant areas.

[0073] Alternatively, the connecting pipe can be placed on one side of the upper housing, such as... Figure 3 As shown, emergent plant areas and submerged plant areas are arranged in sequence.

[0074] Example 3:

[0075] This embodiment is an improvement on the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the polygonal upper box in the above embodiment. In this embodiment, the ratio of the planting area of ​​emergent plants to submerged plants in the polygonal upper box is 2:1 to 3:2, that is, 1.5 to 2.0. In other words, the area of ​​emergent plants accounts for 60% to 70% of the total planting area.

[0076] Emergent plants exhibit significantly greater pollution tolerance and purification capacity than submerged plants. Therefore, the ratio of emergent to submerged plant planting area should be greater than 1, meaning that emergent plants should account for more than 50% of the total planting area. In the 1950s and 60s, emergent plants accounted for 80% of the total aquatic plant biomass in Taihu Lake. In the 1970s and 80s, emergent plants accounted for approximately 60% of the total aquatic plant biomass in Yuqiao Reservoir in Tianjin, at which time the water quality of both Taihu Lake and Yuqiao Reservoir was excellent. Based on the pollution tolerance and purification capacity of aquatic plants and practical case studies, the ratio of emergent to submerged plant planting area in the upper enclosure is determined to be 2:1 to 3:2.

[0077] Example 4:

[0078] This embodiment is an improvement on the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the upper and lower boxes in the above embodiment. The vertical cross-sectional shape of the upper and lower boxes in this embodiment is rectangular, and the horizontal cross-sectional shape is circular. The center of the circular upper box is a connecting pipe, and emergent plants are planted in concentric circles around it. Submerged plants are planted in concentric circles around the emergent plants. The ratio of the diameter of the circle where the emergent plants are distributed to the diameter of the circle where the submerged plants are distributed is 0.7 to 0.8.

[0079] The outlet of the connecting pipe in the upper housing is located in the middle. Both the upper and lower housings are circular in shape. Figure 4 To ensure effective water purification, the planting area ratio of emergent plants to submerged plants should be 2:1 to 3:2, correspondingly, the value of r2 / r1 should be 0.7 to 0.8. Figure 4 As shown.

[0080] To ensure effective water purification, the planting area ratio of emergent plants to submerged plants should be 2:1 to 3:2, or 1.5 to 2. Emergent plants should be planted within the r2 area, and submerged plants within the r1-r2 area.

[0081]

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] so:

[0089] Example 5:

[0090] This embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment, specifically a refinement of the upper tank. In this embodiment, the upper edge of the upper tank extends 0.3 to 0.6 meters above the external water body (h5). Figure 1 As shown.

[0091] The outer edge of the upper enclosure is about 0.5m above the external water surface, which can effectively prevent the mixing of water inside and outside the upper enclosure. For example, in a lake in a city, the average water depth is 3.0m and the wind zone length is 1500m. In winds of level 3 or 4, the average wave height is 0.15-0.15m; in winds of level 5 or 6, the average wave height is 0.25-0.35m; and in winds of level 8, the average wave height is 0.5m. If the outer edge of the upper enclosure is 0.5m above the external water surface, the exchange between the water inside and outside the upper enclosure can be completely prevented, thereby ensuring the independence of the water inside and outside.

[0092] Example 6:

[0093] This embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment, detailing the upper box. The upper box in this embodiment contains a box-type implant 204. The box-type implant is a hexahedron with a rectangular horizontal cross-section, open at the top, closed at the bottom and left and right sides, and with permeable walls on the front and back sides. Figure 5 , 6 As shown.

[0094] The sidewalls of the box-type implant are permeable in the direction of water flow, while the sidewalls perpendicular to the direction of water flow are impermeable. The permeability can be achieved through round holes (2041). Figure 5 ) or bar type (the elongated holes of the bar are 2042, Figure 6 The permeable surface area is approximately 60%, and the box-type implant body is made of engineering plastic or fiberglass. The box-type implant body has a planar area of ​​approximately 1m². 2 Using this as a base, adjustments are made in increments of 0.5m to facilitate control of planting density.

[0095] It should be noted that the front, back, left, and right buttons described in this embodiment... Figure 4 , 5 The direction of water flow is determined, with the upstream side being the front ( Figure 4 , 5 (Left side), then determine left and right in sequence.

[0096] Example 7:

[0097] This embodiment is an improvement on the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the permeable sidewall in the above embodiment. The permeable area of ​​the permeable sidewall in this embodiment is 50% to 70%.

[0098] From the perspective of water volume and flow balance, the total permeable area of ​​all planting boxes on the upper platform should equal the area of ​​the connecting pipe. This results in a very small permeable area for each planting box. However, aquatic plants have a very strong asexual reproductive capacity, increasing in number several times over in a single growing season. Emergent plants, in particular, have root systems that form a network, filling the entire living space. They utilize their extensive root systems to purify water; the more developed the root system, the stronger the purification capacity. However, extensive root systems severely hinder water flow, and in some cases, roots can even clog the permeable holes. Based on experimental results and considering a safety margin, the permeable area was determined to be 50%–70%.

[0099] Example 8:

[0100] This embodiment is an improvement on the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the above embodiment regarding the facilities to prevent being swept away by the water flow. The facilities to prevent being swept away by the water flow in this embodiment are anchor posts fixed to the bottom of the water or the shore and anchor rings 401 fixedly connected to the upper box and the lower box respectively. The upper box and the lower box are fitted onto the anchor posts 402 with anchor rings, so that the upper box and the lower box can float up and down along the anchor posts.

[0101] The upper and lower housings should be kept in the same horizontal position as much as possible to avoid bending of the connecting pipe, which could cause obstruction and impede its flow. Therefore, this embodiment employs fixed anchors: several anchors are inserted into the seabed and fixed in place. Anchor rings are fitted onto the anchors, and the anchor rings are fixedly connected to the upper and lower housings. This allows the anchor rings to move the upper and lower housings up and down along the anchors, maintaining their depth in the water and their relative positions, preventing them from being washed away by the current or experiencing significant misalignment.

[0102] Example 9:

[0103] This embodiment is a method for ecological treatment of water bodies at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and channels using the ecological treatment device described in the above embodiments. The method includes the following steps:

[0104] Step 1, Set up the lower box: Put the anchor ring of the lower box onto the anchor column, and adjust the position of the lower box in the water by injecting coarse sand or water into the lower hollow box to ensure that the distance between the lower box and the bottom of the water body is 0.3 to 0.5m.

[0105] The lower hollow tank usually has a pre-drilled opening to allow for the addition of appropriate amounts of water or coarse sand. Maintaining the lower tank's position at the bottom relies primarily on the air-to-water or coarse sand ratio within it. First, calculate the appropriate amount of water or coarse sand to add to the lower hollow tank. After placing it in the water, measure the actual depth of the lower tank from the bottom and make adjustments to achieve the required depth h1 = 0.3–0.5 m.

[0106] Step 2, setting up the upper box: Connect the lower box to the upper box using a connecting pipe, and place the anchor ring of the upper box onto the anchor post. Place a box-shaped planting body for growing emergent or submerged plants in the upper box, and combine the box-shaped planting bodies to form an area ratio of emergent to submerged plants of 2:1 to 3:2, as well as multiple plant varieties to ensure biodiversity. Pour coarse sand or water into the upper hollow box and adjust the buoyancy of the upper box on the water surface to ensure that the upper edge of the upper box is 0.4 to 0.6 meters above the water surface.

[0107] To prevent river and lake water from entering the superstructure due to external wind and waves, the outer edge of the superstructure is 0.5m above the river and lake water level. Therefore, buoyancy control is also required for the upper tank. An opening at the top of the upper tank allows water or coarse sand to be injected into the hollow upper tank to maintain the upper edge of the upper tank at a height of 0.5 meters above the external water surface. The total height h4 of the upper tank is 2.0m. The emergent plant area has a water depth of 0.5m and is planted with emergent plants; the submerged plant area has a water depth of 1.5m and is planted with submerged plants. Water from the bottom of the river and lake rises to the superstructure through a connecting pipe, flowing sequentially through the emergent and submerged plant areas.

[0108] Step 3, Absorbing water from the bottom: Due to evaporation from the water surface and transpiration from the plants, the amount of water in the upper tank decreases, creating a downward trend in the water level. This downward trend in the water level creates a downward trend in the connecting pipe, which in turn creates an upward natural water flow. With the expansion of the lower tank, the water flow absorbs the sediment at the bottom of the water body within the expansion area into the upper tank, where it diffuses as nutrients for the plants.

[0109] The water inside the upper tank is isolated from the surrounding water. Due to evaporation and transpiration from plants, a water level difference is created between the water surface inside the upper tank and the external water surface, which acts like a siphon or a water pump, causing the water at the bottom to rise to the upper structure. Because the bottom of the device is connected to the river or lake, the water inside and outside the device will naturally reach equilibrium, requiring no energy consumption and no special pumps for water intake and exchange, making it green and energy-saving.

[0110] The upward lifting force of the bottom water body mainly comes from water surface evaporation and plant transpiration. The greater the water surface evaporation and the more vigorous the plant growth, the greater the upward lifting force.

[0111] Taking Beijing as an example, the average annual water surface evaporation is 932 mm. Beijing is located in the North Temperate Semi-Arid and Semi-Humid Climate Zone, and is influenced by monsoons, resulting in four distinct seasons. Water surface evaporation is comprehensively affected by meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed, and also exhibits significant seasonal variations. Water surface evaporation follows a unimodal distribution: April sees 138 mm of evaporation; May and June have the highest evaporation rates, both at 146 mm, accounting for about one-third of the annual total; July and August see approximately 109 mm of evaporation; September, October, and November see 95, 86, and 45 mm respectively; January and December have the lowest evaporation rates, both at approximately 29 mm, accounting for only about 5% of the annual total. This is because spring is characterized by strong winds, drought, and little rain, resulting in a large saturation difference. In addition, there is plenty of sunshine, leading to rapid temperature increases and higher evaporation rates. The rainy season generally begins in late June, sometimes extending into July. Early summer is hot and dry, which is conducive to evaporation. Although summer temperatures are high, there are many cloudy and rainy days, so the evaporation rate is not as high as in May and June. Winter has the lowest temperatures and the least evaporation.

[0112] Transpiration is an indicator of plant growth vitality. The absorption of water and nutrients by plants are mutually reinforcing; plants with high transpiration rates also absorb nutrients effectively. The amount of transpiration is closely related to the species and growth stage of the aquatic plant.

[0113] Submerged plants typically have a water content of around 90%, which remains relatively stable across different species and growth stages. Emergent plants, however, exhibit varying water content depending on their growth period. For example, in May, the water content of reeds and wild rice is 68.2% and 73.5%, respectively, while in December, it is 64% and 54.3%, respectively. Different plant species also have different water consumption rates; for instance, pennywort has the highest water consumption at 210 g / (m³). 2 The highest water consumption during spring rain is 86.5 g / (m³). 2 The highest water consumption of pothos is 57g / (m³). 2 .h).

[0114] Step 4, Rainfall dilutes the bottom of the water body: When it rains, rainwater accumulates in the upper tank, creating a rising water level. This rising water level creates downward pressure in the connecting pipe, which in turn creates a downward natural water flow in the connecting pipe. The downward water flow will agitate the sediment at the bottom of the water body and dilute the impurities at the bottom of the water body.

[0115] During rainfall, rainwater remains on the surface of rivers and lakes, but within the upper enclosure, it's as if the rainwater mixes directly with the water at the bottom, thus diluting it. Because the outer edge of the upper enclosure is about 0.5m above the water surface, its rainwater collection and dilution effect is even more significant during heavy rainstorms.

[0116] Example 10:

[0117] This embodiment is a design method for an ecological water body treatment device at the bottom of rivers and lakes as described in the above embodiments. The design method includes:

[0118] Determining the size of the upper chamber: The ratio of the sum of evaporation and transpiration within the upper chamber area to the planar area of ​​the upper structure is less than 0.1;

[0119] According to research, the ratio of water volume to treatment area should be less than 0.1, that is, the ratio of the sum of evaporation and transpiration water within the upper chamber to the plane area of ​​the upper chamber should be less than 0.1. Considering the convenience of transportation and installation, the side length of the upper chamber is generally controlled to be less than 6m.

[0120] Determination of the diameter of the connecting pipe: The diameter of the connecting pipe should meet the requirements of smooth water flow between the upper and lower structures when the plants are in a period of vigorous growth and have a large water consumption and evaporation, or during heavy rainfall. The diameter of the connecting pipe should not be less than 0.1m.

[0121] (1) Evaporation, transpiration

[0122] Taking a square structure with sides of 5.5m as an example, the emergent plant area is 16.5m². 2 Water consumption: 0.007m³ 3 / h, submerged plant area 13.75m² 2 Water consumption: 0.016m³ 3 / h. With a pipe diameter of 0.20m, the flow velocity is 0.73m / h. Even in the arid northwest of my country, where evaporation increases by 2 times, the flow velocity is 2.19m / h.

[0123] (2) Rainfall

[0124] Taking a 24-hour rainfall of 100mm as an example, and using a square facility with the same side length of 5.5m and a pipe diameter of 0.20m, the flow velocity is 4.05m / h.

[0125] If a pipe diameter of 0.1m is used, the water flow velocity under the same rainfall intensity is 16.2m / h, which is still relatively low.

[0126] In summary, the diameter of the connecting pipe is not determined by the flow rate. Considering factors such as minimizing water flow resistance, preventing clogging, and ensuring safety backup, two or more connecting pipes can be installed, with a diameter of not less than 0.1m.

[0127] Determining the length of the connecting pipe: The length of the connecting pipe is the difference between the depth of the river or lake and the height of the upper and lower boxes.

[0128] The length h3 of the connecting tube (see) Figure 1 The difference between the depth of the river and lake and the height of the upper and lower boxes is the difference between the depth of the river and lake and the height of the upper and lower boxes. As rainfall and evaporation occur, the depth of the river and lake changes accordingly. This requires the length of the connecting pipe to have the ability to adjust automatically, especially to meet the requirements of increasing length.

[0129] To automatically adapt to changes in water depth, the connecting pipe uses a semi-circular sidewall (see...). Figure 1 The structure is either π or Ω-shaped, made of rubber hose. As the water depth increases, the connecting pipe lengthens, and the semi-circular or Ω-shaped structure straightens under tension. Each protruding part stretches by π / 2 to π times, achieving the purpose of lengthening the connecting pipe. This deformation is merely a deformation, not a stress deformation, which is more conducive to the reliability and safety of the facility.

[0130] Layout of ecological treatment devices: To ensure the purification effect, ecological treatment devices should be arranged within 30%-40% of the river and lake water surface area, and the net distance between ecological treatment devices should be greater than the outer contour dimension of the upper box.

[0131] The ecological restoration device is mainly subjected to buoyancy, wave force, and wind force. In urban areas, these wind and wave forces are relatively small due to the influence of surrounding buildings, and the connecting pipe has elongation properties, allowing the ecological restoration device to achieve self-balancing, making it safe and reliable.

[0132] The outer edge of the upper casing is about 0.5m above the water surface, effectively preventing the mixing of water inside and outside the structure. For example, in a lake in a city, with an average water depth of 3.0m and a wind zone length of 1500m, the average wave height is 0.15-0.15m in winds of force 3 or 4, 0.25-0.35m in winds of force 5 or 6, and 0.5m in winds of force 8.

[0133] When the water quality in the upper tank reaches the preset requirements, the position of the ecological treatment device can be moved or changed to continue treating the water at the bottom.

[0134] In winter, the ecological treatment device is lowered below the ice layer to continue purifying the water. No disassembly, transportation, or storage is required.

[0135] The upper and lower housings should be the same size and material to facilitate manufacturing, transportation, and installation. Considering durability and buoyancy control, corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and high-strength fiberglass should be used.

[0136] Aquatic plant configuration:

[0137] Principles for selecting aquatic plants:

[0138] (1) It has strong stain resistance; only with a certain degree of stain resistance can it survive, which is the primary prerequisite.

[0139] (2) Select plants with different growth cycles; especially plants that can survive and grow in early spring and late autumn to ensure the purification effect during low-temperature seasons.

[0140] (3) Large biomass: The role of aquatic plants in the wastewater treatment process is closely related to their growth status. The more vigorous the growth, the larger the biomass, and the greater the purification effect.

[0141] (4) Tolerance to cutting: In summer, pollutants in the bottom mud are released and diffused quickly, and the release and diffusion flux is large. Therefore, it is necessary to select plants with vigorous vegetative growth, rapid plant growth, large plant biomass, and several germination peaks in a year, so as to remove more pollutants through multiple harvests.

[0142] (5) Perennial; once successfully planted, only maintenance and management are needed, and replanting is not required.

[0143] (6) Diversity; When removing a variety of pollutants, it is necessary to combine different types of ecological functions to ensure the purification effect.

[0144] The emergent plants grown in the upper container must be able to withstand pollution and purify water.

[0145] Emergent plants with strong pollution tolerance mainly include: cattail, water onion, arrowhead, reed, water bamboo, sweet flag, water lilyturf, papyrus, horsetail, yellow iris, and bulrush.

[0146] The purification capacity of emergent plants is determined by the nitrogen and phosphorus content and biomass of the plant itself, with the plant's nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation capacity mainly determined by biomass.

[0147] Plants with nitrogen content from high to low: Zephyranthes candida, Iris tectorum, Phragmites communis, Canna indica, Phragmites communis, Pontederia cordata, Cyperus rotundus, Taro, Lythrum salicaria, Reed, Water onion, Acorus calamus, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Thalia dealbata, Juncus effusus, Typha orientalis, Iris.

[0148] Phosphorus content in plants from high to low: Pickerelweed, wild taro, canna, iris, variegated canna, water plantain, calamus, loosestrife, windmill grass, variegated reed, reed, thalia, water onion, cattail, rush, zephyranthes, and calamus.

[0149] Biomass from largest to smallest: Reed, Thalia dealbata, Water onion, Gypsophila melanoxylon, Canna indica, Lythrum salicaria, Cattail, Sweet flag, Variegated Canna indica, Variegated Reed, Pickerelweed, Taro, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Juncus effusus, Zephyranthes candida, Iris, Sweet flag.

[0150] Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation from highest to lowest: Canna lily, Reed, Windmill grass, Water onion, Thalia dealbata, Lythrum salicaria, Variegated Canna lily, Variegated Reed rhizome, Sweet flag, Pickerelweed, Cattail, Wild taro, Zephyranthes candida, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Iris tectorum, Juncus effusus, Iris.

[0151] Emergent plants suitable for water depths ≤20cm include: Juncus effusus, variegated reed, red knotweed, water knotweed, water celery, sedge, umbrella sedge, sweet flag, rock sweet flag, small cattail, pickerelweed, raindrop, duckweed, yellow sweet flag, iris, canna lily, and water lily, etc.

[0152] Emergent plants suitable for water depths of 20–50 cm include: *Rhizoma Cyperi*, *Rhizoma Cynodon dactylis ...Polygonum hydropiper*, *Canna indica*, *Lythrum salicaria*, *Houttuynia cordata*, *Herba Lysimachiae*, *Herba Cyperi*, *Herba Cyperi*, *Ferns*, *Cypripedium*, *Radix Cirsii*, *Radix Sagittaria*, *Rhizoma Alismatis*, and *Herba Thalia*.

[0153] Emergent plants suitable for water depths greater than 50cm include: reeds, water chestnuts, and cattails.

[0154] Emergent aquatic plants germination period: The main plants that sprout in February are pickerelweed, yellow iris, loosestrife, canna lily, shiitake mushroom grass, variegated reed, reed, water onion, cattail, and wild rice. Others such as Thalia dealbata, umbrella sedge, and arrowhead sprout in March.

[0155] Emergent aquatic plants with strong cold resistance include: rush pith, wild rice, reed, black sedge, flowering rush, red knotweed, water knotweed, clove knotweed, loosestrife, water celery, water celery, water onion, water sedge, sedge, cattail, small cattail, raindrop, duck tongue grass, yellow iris, iris, dung, ryegrass, and oriental water plantain.

[0156] Emergent plants with strong salt tolerance include: reeds, cattails, yellow irises, Spartina alterniflora, vetiver, reeds, canna lilies, salt-loving irises, irises, irises, purslane, iris, water lilyturf, and black sparganium.

[0157] Basic requirements for submerged plants:

[0158] Compared to emergent plants, submerged plants are fewer in species and quantity. Unlike emergent plants, the growth and distribution of submerged plants are mainly regulated by environmental factors such as light intensity, water temperature, and nutrients in the water. Eutrophication leads to decreased water transparency, preventing submerged plants from photosynthesizing. Therefore, overcoming light limitation is the primary issue for the growth of submerged plant communities. Submerged plants must meet the following basic requirements:

[0159] (1) It has strong resistance to pollution;

[0160] (2) It has a low photosynthetic compensation point and can grow in water under low light conditions;

[0161] (3) It has a large overwintering biomass.

[0162] Plants with strong pollution resistance include Potamogeton crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum, Lysimachia nummularia, Potamogeton pectinatus, Hydrilla verticillata, and Elodea nuttallii.

[0163] *Potamogeton crispus*, *Hydrilla verticillata*, and *Hydrilla verticillata* dominate the middle layer of the water, while *Myriophyllum spicatum* and *Ceratophyllum demersum* have strong competitive abilities in the upper layer. *Potamogeton pectinatus* and *Potamogeton pulvinata* have low light compensation points and easily grow in water bodies with poor lighting conditions, forming a canopy in the middle and lower layers, with the majority of their biomass distributed at the bottom. *Vallisneria natans* grows at the bottom and is one of the deepest-distributed types of aquatic plant communities in rivers and lakes.

[0164] Low-temperature tolerant submerged plants: Potamogeton crispus, Lysimachia christinae, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton malaianus, Myriophyllum spicatum, Vallisneria natans, Ceratophyllum demersum.

[0165] The salt tolerance of submerged plants, from strongest to weakest, is as follows: *Potamogeton crispus*, *Potamogeton buergerianum*, *Myriophyllum spicatum*, *Ceratophyllum demersum*, *Potamogeton crispus*, *Potamogeton lineare*, *Potamogeton malaianum*, *Hydrilla verticillata*, and *Vallisneria natans*.

[0166] Plant layout principles

[0167] ①According to water quality conditions, aquatic plants should be pollution-tolerant, and the plants should be arranged from strongest to weakest pollution tolerance;

[0168] ②According to ecological characteristics, emergent plants and submerged plants are arranged in sequence;

[0169] ③ Single-superior communities are distributed across different regions for easier management;

[0170] ④ Biodiversity: Select three different varieties and forms of plants to increase ecological niches, ensure the diversity and stability of the ecosystem, and ensure the purification effect;

[0171] ⑤ Strive for seamless integration of plants at different growth stages, especially in early spring and late autumn, and arrange appropriate plants to ensure a long-lasting and continuous purification effect.

[0172] Plant layout:

[0173] Based on water quality conditions and plant characteristics, emergent plants should be arranged in a certain proportion in terms of spatial and temporal distribution. Emergent plants have significantly higher pollution tolerance, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and biomass than submerged plants, so the planting density of emergent plants should be increased.

[0174] Horizontal spatial configuration: Based on water flow, water quality, and water depth conditions, arrange emergent and submerged plants that are pollution-resistant, fast-growing, have strong reproductive capacity, and good environmental benefits in sequence.

[0175] Vertical spatial configuration: Considering the different life forms of plant communities and their requirements for water depth, aquatic plants of different life forms or different growth forms of the same life form are selected as the water depth increases, and each occupies a different ecological space.

[0176] Seasonal selection: Choose plants that sprout early, mature late, and survive and grow in winter to ensure they still have purifying capabilities during low temperatures and cold seasons.

[0177] my country has a vast territory with diverse climates. For example, the climates of Hainan and Northeast China, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and Northwest China differ greatly, especially in the north where there is a freezing period, generally from late December to early February. Aquatic plants are significantly affected by climate conditions; the same plant may sprout half a month earlier in Shanghai than in Beijing. Considering the greater difficulty in selecting and maintaining aquatic plants due to distinct seasons, this study takes regions with distinct seasons as examples, combining the biological, physiological, and ecological characteristics of aquatic plants with temporal and spatial factors, purification effects, and landscape aesthetics for arrangement.

[0178] Configuration and management solution:

[0179] On a single body of water, multiple ecological treatment devices must be installed, with various combinations of aquatic plants to ensure biodiversity and maintain the stability and purification effect of the ecosystem. Each upper chamber contains different types of plants; within each upper chamber, three types of emergent plants are planted in the emergent plant area, and two or three types of submerged plants are planted in the submerged plant area.

[0180] Plants should be harvested after they mature but before they decompose to effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the water, preventing them from rotting and worsening water quality.

[0181] Different plants have different phenological periods, but most of them grow vigorously in summer and grow very little in early spring, late autumn and even winter. To ensure the purification effect, we should strengthen the selection and arrangement of plants during these seasons, such as water celery and pickled mustard greens.

[0182] When planting for the first time in spring, follow these principles:

[0183] Emergent plants: Water celery + two of the following: yellow iris, loosestrife, reed, water onion, cattail, wild rice, Thalia dealbata, umbrella sedge, arrowhead, calamus, canna lily, pink foxtail grass, pickerelweed, bulrush, and Leymus chinensis.

[0184] Submerged plants: One or two of the following: Potamogeton crispus, Myriophyllum spicatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, Lysimachia christinae, Vallisneria natans, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton microdentatum, Potamogeton malaianus, and Hydrilla verticillata.

[0185] Specific combinations can be: (1) water celery + canna + reed, pickled mustard + foxtail grass + podophyllum; (2) water celery + pickerelweed + water onion, pickled mustard + goldfish algae + podophyllum; (3) water celery + cattail + loosestrife, pickled mustard + black algae + bitter grass; (4) water celery + water chestnut + canna lily, pickled mustard + Malaysian podophyllum + Sichuan vine.

[0186] In summer, water celery and water spinach are cold-water plants. As summer approaches, water celery stops growing and water spinach dies. At this time, water celery and water spinach should be harvested. Other plants are in their vigorous growth period.

[0187] In autumn, replant water celery and pickled mustard greens, leaving everything else unchanged.

[0188] In winter, harvest plants with poor cold resistance such as umbrella sedge, arrowhead, calamus, canna, pink foxtail grass, pickerelweed, burdock, Malaysian pondweed, and hydrangea.

[0189] During the ice-covered period, all emergent plants are harvested, while cold-resistant submerged plants such as Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton microdentatum, Alternaria alternifolia, and Vallisneria natans are preserved. The superstructure is then completely submerged below the ice layer, utilizing the submerged plants to purify the water.

[0190] In coastal or arid areas with salinity, emergent plants should prioritize reeds, cattails, loosestrife, ryegrass, sweet flag, and burdock; submerged plants should prioritize waterweed, podophyllum, foxtail, pondweed, and Malayan pondweed.

[0191] Plant cultivation:

[0192] Emergent plants: can be planted directly, and the planting method is simple.

[0193] Submerged plants: These require high water depth and light conditions. Species with low light compensation points and high pollution tolerance should be selected to establish pioneer communities. When water quality is good, species with moderate pollution tolerance and high light compensation points should be planted. Individual plants can be bundled together into clumps using straw, bio-cotton, or the plant itself. Goldfish algae can be grown using a suspension cultivation method.

[0194] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred arrangements, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention (such as the shape of the device, the installation and setting method, the ecological management method, the varieties of aquatic plants and the planting method, etc.) without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological water treatment device for the bottom of rivers, lakes, and canals, characterized in that, include: The device consists of a lower chamber submerged underwater and near the bottom, and an upper chamber with an open top, partially submerged and floating on the surface. The upper and lower chambers are connected by a retractable connecting pipe. Around the outlet of the connecting pipe in the upper chamber, there is an upper hollow box for adjusting the suspension depth of the upper chamber. Emergent plants are planted on the top of the upper hollow box, and a deep-water area for planting submerged plants is located around it. The water surface inside the upper chamber is isolated from the water surface outside the upper chamber, but the bottoms are connected. The inlet of the connecting pipe in the lower chamber is funnel-shaped, and a lower hollow box is located around it for adjusting the distance between the lower chamber and the bottom. Both the upper and lower chambers are equipped with facilities to prevent them from being swept away by water flow. The water inside the upper chamber is isolated from the surrounding water. Due to evaporation from the surface and transpiration from the plants, the water at the bottom rises to the upper chamber through the connecting pipe, flowing sequentially through the emergent plant area and the submerged plant area. Because the bottom of the device is connected to river or lake water, the water inside and outside the device maintains a natural balance. The upper box contains a box-type implant, which is a hexahedron with a rectangular horizontal cross-section, with an open top, closed bottom and left and right sides, and permeable walls on the front and back sides. The aforementioned facilities to prevent being swept away by the water flow are anchor posts fixed to the bottom of the water or the shore and anchor rings fixedly connected to the upper box and the lower box respectively. The upper box and the lower box are fitted onto the anchor posts with anchor rings, so that the upper box and the lower box can float up and down along the anchor posts. By injecting coarse sand or water into the lower hollow box, the position of the lower box in the water can be adjusted to ensure that the distance between the lower box and the bottom of the water body is 0.3~0.5m.

2. The ecological governance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower boxes have rectangular vertical cross-sections and polygonal horizontal cross-sections, and are made of fiberglass or engineering plastics.

3. The ecological governance device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ratio of the planting area of ​​emergent plants to submerged plants in the polygonal upper box is 2:1 to 3:

2.

4. The ecological governance device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower boxes have rectangular vertical cross-sections and circular horizontal cross-sections. The center of the circular upper box is a connecting pipe, and emergent plants are planted in concentric circles around it. Submerged plants are planted in concentric circles around the emergent plants. The ratio of the diameter of the circle where the emergent plants are distributed to the diameter of the circle where the submerged plants are distributed is 0.7 to 0.

8.

5. The ecological governance device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The upper edge of the upper tank is 0.4 to 0.6 meters above the outer water body.

6. The ecological governance device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The permeable wall has a permeable area of ​​50% to 70%.

7. A method for ecological treatment of water bodies at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and channels using the ecological treatment device described in claim 6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1, Setting up the lower box: Place the anchor ring of the lower box onto the anchor column, and adjust the position of the lower box in the water by injecting coarse sand or water into the lower hollow box to ensure that the distance between the lower box and the bottom of the water body is 0.3~0.5m; Step 2, Setting up the upper box: Connect the lower box to the upper box using a connecting pipe, and place the anchor ring of the upper box onto the anchor post. Place a box-shaped planting body for growing emergent or submerged plants in the upper box, and combine the box-shaped planting bodies to form an area ratio of emergent to submerged plants of 2:1 to 3:2, as well as multiple plant varieties to ensure biodiversity. Fill the upper hollow box with coarse sand or water, and adjust the buoyancy of the upper box on the water surface to ensure that the upper edge of the upper box is 0.4 to 0.6 meters above the water surface. Step 3, Absorbing water from the bottom: Due to evaporation from the water surface and transpiration from the plants, the amount of water in the upper tank decreases, creating a downward trend in the water level. This downward trend in the water level creates a downward trend in the connecting pipe, which in turn creates an upward natural water flow. With the expansion of the lower tank, the water flow absorbs the sediment at the bottom of the water body within the expansion area into the upper tank, where it diffuses as nutrients for the plants. Step 4, Rainfall dilutes the bottom of the water body: When it rains, rainwater tends to accumulate in the upper tank, creating a rising water level. This rising water level creates downward pressure in the connecting pipe, which in turn creates a natural downward flow of water in the connecting pipe. The downward flow of water will agitate the sediment at the bottom of the water body and dilute the impurities at the bottom of the water body.

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