2712results about "Water conservation" patented technology

An atmospheric water generation system comprises water vapor consolidation systems configured to increase the relative humidity of a controlled air stream prior to condensing water from the controlled air stream. The water vapor consolidation system comprises a fluid-desiccant flow system configured to decrease the temperature of the desiccant to encourage water vapor to be absorbed by the desiccant from an atmospheric air flow. The desiccant flow is then heated to encourage water vapor evaporation from the desiccant flow into a controlled air stream that circulates within the system. The humidity of the controlled air stream is thereby increased above the relative humidity of the atmospheric air to facilitate condensation of the water vapor into usable liquid water.

The invention discloses a self-adaptive metering method of an ultrasonic water meter, which relates to the field of water meter metering, and comprises the following steps: acquiring real-time water temperature data and real-time flow velocity data of a measured fluid, compensating the sound velocity of ultrasonic waves based on the real-time water temperature data to obtain a first compensated sound velocity, based on the first compensation sound velocity, an excitation voltage self-adaptive adjustment strategy with ultrasonic wave head-wave ratio regulation and control and a measurement frequency dynamic regulation and control strategy are executed, secondary compensation is conducted through a built error curved surface compensation model with the water temperature and the flow velocity as indexes, and the initial flow value is corrected through an error compensation value; by means of multi-parameter collaborative real-time optimization, high-precision measurement and low-power-consumption operation under all working conditions are achieved, the measurement precision in the full-scale and full-temperature range is remarkably improved, and by intelligently adjusting the measurement frequency, cooperating with the flow rate change rate and error model feedback and dynamically balancing the dynamic response speed and static power consumption, the measurement precision is improved. And finally, double optimization of precision and energy efficiency is achieved.

The invention discloses an indoor water tank sediment pushing characteristic acquisition system and method, the system mainly comprises a water tank main body, a buffer unit, a drainage adjusting unit, a sediment throwing device, an imaging unit, an adjustable support and a data processing unit, and according to the method, non-contact data acquisition is carried out through a high-definition camera and a three-dimensional terrain measuring instrument; automatic identification, parameter extraction and migration speed calculation of landforms such as sand waves are achieved, the sediment bed surface is not touched in the whole process, damage to the bed surface form caused by traditional contact type measurement is eliminated, and the authenticity and reliability of data are ensured. Meanwhile, the buffer design of the combination of the flow slowing plate and the multi-stage water baffle is adopted, the kinetic energy of water flow is effectively dissipated through the graded water outlet structure, the impact force of injected water flow is greatly reduced, the bed surface is prevented from being scoured in the initial water injection stage, and the stability of the initial test condition is powerfully protected.

The present disclosure is directed to devices, systems, and products for attracting, capturing and converting atmospheric water vapor into useful liquid water utilizing thermal dynamic processes such as deposition, phase change states and fusion.

Provided herein are water harvesting systems, as well as methods using such systems, for capturing water from surrounding air. The systems and methods use water capture materials to adsorb water from the air. For example, the water capture materials may be metal-organic-frameworks. The systems and methods desorb this water in the form of water vapor, and the water vapor is condensed into liquid water and collected. The liquid water is suitable for use as drinking water.

The invention discloses a metal tube float flowmeter based on an intelligent sensor, and relates to the technical field of float flowmeters, the metal tube float flowmeter comprises a tube body and a detection mechanism, an instrument is fixed on the outer side of the tube body through a bolt and used for realizing flow display, the instrument is connected with a Hall element, the detection mechanism used for flow detection is installed in the tube body, and the Hall element is connected with the detection mechanism. And the locking mechanism is used for realizing initial locking of the detection mechanism. According to the metal tube float flowmeter based on the intelligent sensor, the elastic regulation and control mechanism is arranged at the position of the liquid inlet of the tube body, peak kinetic energy of fluid is actively absorbed through elastic deformation of the first spring, and therefore the fluid entering the tube body can be buffered, pulsating flow of the external input fluid is effectively converted into stable flow, and the flow rate of the fluid is increased. Jumping of the floater body is greatly reduced, the problem that reading is difficult due to jumping of the floater body can be solved, the positive error of an average measured value caused by pulsation can be avoided, and the accuracy of detection data is guaranteed.

The utility model discloses energy-saving full-automatic variable-frequency constant-pressure water supply equipment, which relates to the technical field of water supply equipment and comprises a pressure tank, a water inlet flange is fixedly arranged at the top end of the pressure tank, a water outlet pipe is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the pressure tank, and an extension pipe is fixedly arranged at one end of the water outlet pipe. And a plurality of water pumps are arranged on one side of the pressure tank. The pressure tank and the water pump are arranged and connected in series, the water pump can pressurize water in the pressure tank in the water supply process so as to ensure that the water pressure of a pipe network is constant, and the filter screen is arranged in the pressure tank and is of a C-shaped structure, so that the water pressure of the pipe network is kept constant in the water filtering process. Impurities can be collected in the filter screen, so that the filter screen is convenient to disassemble and clean, and the design of the C-shaped structure can prevent the impurities from falling off in the disassembly process of the filter screen, so that the water quality in the equipment can be prevented from being influenced by the disassembly of the filter screen.

The flowmeter comprises a flowmeter body, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, two flanges and a scale removing unit, one end of the water inlet pipe is fixedly installed on one side of the flowmeter body, one end of the water outlet pipe is fixedly installed on the other side of the flowmeter body, and the scale removing unit is fixedly installed on the other side of the flowmeter body. The two flanges are fixedly installed at the other end of the water inlet pipe and the other end of the water outlet pipe respectively. By means of the closed design, water scale can be removed under the condition that the flow meter is not disassembled in the water scale removing process; through the combined action of flowing of water flow and the power assembly, a scale removing scraping ring and a dirt scraping plate of the scale removing assembly are driven to remove scale, the dirt scraping plate removes the scale on an electrode on the premise that the electrode is not damaged, particularly, the electric contact performance of the electrode is recovered through scraping of a scale layer on the end face of the electrode, and the measuring precision of the flowmeter is ensured; the downtime of the equipment is reduced, the production continuity is ensured, and the availability of the equipment and the operation efficiency of the whole system are improved.

The invention discloses a multi-parameter fusion ultrasonic water meter intelligent calibration system which comprises an ultrasonic sensor module used for collecting ultrasonic signals of water flow, including flow velocity, flow, temperature and pressure parameters; the data processing module is used for receiving the data acquired by the ultrasonic sensor module and carrying out preprocessing and feature extraction; the multi-parameter fusion module is used for fusing the extracted characteristic parameters to generate comprehensive calibration parameters; the intelligent calibration module is used for dynamically adjusting the calibration coefficient of the water meter according to the comprehensive calibration parameters to realize intelligent calibration; and the communication module is used for carrying out data exchange with external equipment to realize remote monitoring and calibration. Calibration is carried out by fusing various parameters such as the flow velocity, the flow, the temperature and the pressure, the limitation of single parameter calibration is overcome, and the calibration precision is improved; the intelligent calibration module is adopted, dynamic adjustment is conducted according to real-time data, the water meter adapts to complex water flow conditions, and the measurement stability of the water meter is improved.

The invention discloses a coal mining water retention method, which comprises the following steps of: pre-calculating the height h0 of a water flowing fissure zone in a deep aquifer when the water yield Q2 of a coal mining mine is equal to the total water consumption Q1 of production and life of a mining area, and then calculating the corresponding mining height M0 when a coal seam below is mined according to the height h0 of the water flowing fissure zone; according to the mining height M0, the filling height M2 needing to be equivalently filled in the goaf is calculated, and materials are filled into the goaf behind along with advancing of the coal face during coal mining until the materials reach the height of M2, so that too high or too low development of the water flowing fissure zone can be inhibited, the filling height or thickness can be reduced, and the filling efficiency is improved. According to the method, the balance between the filling height of the goaf and the development height of the water flowing fractured zone is found in an equivalent filling mode, mine water generated during coal mining can meet the total water consumption of production and life of a mining area, the defects caused by complete filling can be avoided, the coal mining efficiency is improved, and the water retention effect is also improved.

The invention relates to an Internet of Things water meter water consumption abnormity detection method and system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the water consumption water flow data of a user in one day, carrying out the classification and preprocessing of the water flow data, and carrying out the fitting of the processed data, and obtaining a fitting curve; a fitting curve of one day is superposed and a cross point dense region and a line segment overlapping region in a superposed graph are identified and extracted, so that the use characteristics of the user on the day are obtained, the similarity between the use characteristics of the user on the day and the use characteristics of the previous day is calculated and analyzed, and a corresponding theoretical water consumption difference value is called according to the similarity; and finally, comparing the actual water consumption difference value of two days before and after with the theoretical water consumption difference value, and when the difference is too large, considering that the user has abnormal water consumption. Through the method, the abnormal water consumption condition can be judged in an auxiliary manner based on the water consumption characteristics of the user, and a finer and more accurate detection effect is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of water meters, in particular to a character wheel-pointer type intelligent camera shooting water meter high-precision reading method and system. Comprising the following steps: positioning a character wheel area in a water meter image by adopting a rotating target detection model, and automatically correcting dial plate deflection by analyzing a deflection angle and geometrical characteristics of the character wheel area; and extracting a pointer and a pointer end region based on the corrected image, and calculating and obtaining a pointer reading by utilizing a long side slope of a pointer end bounding box. And finally, based on the pointer reading and the character wheel region, constructing a convolutional neural network classification model containing a carry state, and realizing digital reading by combining a dual-threshold carry correction algorithm, thereby realizing composite water meter reading. According to the method provided by the invention, high-precision reading can be realized under the influence of any deflection angle, indication error and mechanical carry precision difference, the processing speed reaches 74 milliseconds / frame, and the average pointer angle identification error is lt; and the method is particularly suitable for water meter automatic reading scenes in complex environments.

The invention discloses an all-working-condition air water production unit, which belongs to the technical field of air water production, and comprises a high-humidity air inlet channel, a low-humidity air inlet channel, a channel switching device and a water production channel, and the high-humidity air inlet channel and the low-humidity air inlet channel are both communicated with the water production channel; air flowing out of the high-humidity air inlet channel or the low-humidity air inlet channel enters the water production channel so that the water production channel can produce water. According to the invention, the high-humidity operation mode or the low-humidity operation mode is automatically switched according to the air inlet humidity. A traditional unit can only operate under a single working condition. According to the invention, the optimal energy efficiency and water production rate can be kept in different environments.

The invention discloses a baffle type flowmeter testing method and device with a self-cleaning control function, and relates to the technical field of flow test.The device comprises a low-level water tank, a high-level water tank, a high-level water supplementing pipeline, a low-level water supplementing pipeline and a controller; the device further comprises a filter, a water replenishing check valve, a water replenishing pump, a water inlet electric valve, a first standard flowmeter, a to-be-measured baffle flowmeter, a second standard flowmeter, a water outlet electric valve, a high water level switch, a low water level switch and a self-cleaning motor. According to the scheme, the later maintenance difficulty and the maintenance frequency increase of the baffle type flow meter are reduced, and whether the precision of the flow meter meets the operation requirement or not is measured by combining automatic verification and automatic cleaning tests of the baffle type flow meter used on site at regular overhaul periods, and whether the baffle type flow meter is qualified or not is judged. The test accuracy and the test efficiency are effectively improved, and abnormal shutdown of equipment caused by inaccurate measurement value of the flow meter is effectively prevented.

The invention discloses a secondary water supply control system based on power line carrier communication and a control method thereof. The secondary water supply control system comprises a steady flow tank, a pump set, a frequency conversion control system and a tail end pressure acquisition system. The frequency conversion control system comprises a touch screen, a PLC, an analog quantity module, a frequency converter and a power line carrier receiving module, the output end of the pump set is connected to a water supply pipe network, the water supply pipe network comprises a water supply pipeline, and a tail end pressure sensor is arranged at the tail end of the water supply pipeline and connected with a tail end pressure collecting system. The tail end pressure collecting system is provided with a power line carrier sending module, the power line carrier sending module is in communication connection with a power line carrier receiving module, the power line carrier receiving module is connected with an analog quantity module, the PLC comprises a PID control module, the analog quantity module and an RS485 communication module, the RS485 module is in communication connection with a frequency converter, preset data are input into the PID control module through a touch screen, and the PID control module is connected with the analog quantity module. And the frequency converters correspond to driving motors of the water pumps one by one to control start-stop and operation rotating speed of the water pumps.

The invention discloses a water supply method and system with low water supply energy consumption, and the method comprises the following steps: monitoring the energy consumption data of the water supply system through an energy consumption monitoring technology, and carrying out the automatic alarm processing of the abnormal energy consumption or excessive energy consumption according to the monitored energy consumption data; the energy consumption scheduling technology is adopted to control the pump station in the water supply system to control the energy consumption of the pump station according to the water demand, the water supply module is controlled to control the water supply pressure according to the water supply area, energy recovery is performed according to the energy supply time period, and the recovered energy is adopted to share the energy consumption of the water supply system; determining pressure sensors at key positions of the water delivery pipe network, analyzing pressure data of the pressure sensors at the key positions, and identifying a problem area in the water delivery pipe network; the energy consumption monitoring technology, the energy consumption scheduling technology and the pressure monitoring technology can be comprehensively applied, the energy saving performance of the water supply system can be remarkably improved, the water supply process is optimized, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the operation cost is reduced.

The invention relates to the field of liquid flow measuring instruments, in particular to a water meter and a manufacturing process thereof, and the manufacturing process of the water meter comprises the following steps: step 1, mounting an impeller in a filter casing; 2, uniformly adhering a plurality of flow guide blocks to the inner wall of the filter casing; 3, the filter casing is placed in the shell and covered with a sealing box, the sealing box and the shell extrude and fix the filter casing, and the sealing box and the shell are sealed through an adhesive; fourthly, a protective cover with a light supplementing lamp is installed on the two sliding rods, and water meter assembling is completed; fifthly, the assembled water meter is connected with a water source for sealing performance testing, and a user can conveniently clean the filter screen on the premise that the water meter is not disassembled.

The invention relates to an ultrasonic water meter bubble analysis method and system based on echo energy statistics. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, transmitting an ultrasonic signal in a water meter pipeline and receiving an echo signal propagated by fluid, then collecting multiple groups of continuous echo signals by adopting a sliding window method, calculating an energy value of each group of echo signals, carrying out normalization processing on the energy values, calculating an energy mean value and a variance value based on the normalized echo energy values, and calculating the energy mean value and the variance value. Judging whether bubble influence exists in the water meter pipeline or not according to the energy mean value and the variance value, if so, dividing the normalized echo energy value into different energy intervals, and calculating the echo signal distribution proportion in each energy interval; and finally, on the basis of the judgment, the influence of the bubbles in the ultrasonic water meter pipeline on the echo signal and the measurement precision of the ultrasonic water meter is respectively output as an analysis result, and compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of low complexity, high feasibility and the like.

To provide a communication device or a water meter capable of providing dynamic water pressure.SOLUTION: Provided is a communication device 100 including an acquisition unit 175 for acquiring a flow rate from a water meter 200 or a slave device 100B, a communication unit 160 for communicating with a center 300, and a control unit 110 for calculating dynamic water pressure from the flow rate and transmitting the dynamic water pressure to the center via the communication unit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

The water meter dial reading recognition method of the present application responds to a trigger reading request instruction, collects an original water meter image; extracts a feature point set of the original water meter image, compares the feature point set of the original water meter image with a pre-stored feature mapping table to determine a dial image segmentation rule, and segments the original water meter image according to the corresponding dial image segmentation rule to obtain a plurality of image block data; by judging that the boundary of each image block data is clear and the boundary of the valid information in each image block data is clear, or judging that the boundary of each image block data is clear and the boundary of the valid information in at least one image block data is not clear, or judging that the boundary of any image block data is not clear, different recognition modes are selected, local device resources and remote device resources can be reasonably utilized, resources are saved, recognition efficiency is improved, and recognition scenarios with high real-time requirements are met.

The invention relates to the technical field of turbine flow meters, in particular to an anti-blocking turbine flow meter which comprises a main through pipe, a filter screen plate is fixedly connected to the left side of a positioning ring seat, a first cleaning part is arranged on the left side of the positioning ring seat, a filter screen drum is fixedly installed on the inner side of a material collecting end pipe, and a second cleaning part is arranged on the outer side of the filter screen drum. Firstly, a filter screen plate close to a water inlet flange plate is used for intercepting most impurities, at the moment, a micro motor drives a driving fluted disc, then a gear ring drives a transmission shaft, a first coupling shaft at the left end of the transmission shaft is used for driving a scraper frame, and the left side of the filter screen plate is cleaned; the mounting frame is driven by the second coupling shaft to rotate on the outer side of the filter screen drum, impurities left on screen meshes of the filter screen drum in a filtering mode are scraped off through the bristle layers on the mounting pieces, then deposited impurities are discharged through the slag discharging pipe at the bottom of the material collecting end pipe, and therefore the problem that the interior of the flow meter is blocked is effectively solved.

The invention discloses a digital twin intelligent water-saving system based on a distributed optical fiber sensing network, which belongs to the technical field of water-saving management and specifically comprises the distributed optical fiber sensing network laid along a water delivery pipeline in a tree topology; the water use event recognition module collects optical fiber vibration signals, converts the optical fiber vibration signals into digital waveforms and recognizes trigger points through an amplitude threshold value; the water supply topology construction module constructs a water supply dependency topological graph containing nodes and directed edges according to the spatial position and time delay of the trigger point; a hydraulic model generation module superposes the topological graph and the digital map of the water delivery pipeline to generate a dynamic hydraulic balance model containing node water intensity weight coefficients; the intelligent water-saving control module sends a periodic intermittent closing instruction to the intelligent water valve of the low-weight node according to the node weight change, and the duration of the instruction is in direct proportion to the weight difference value of the adjacent node; according to the invention, refined intelligent water-saving management of a centralized water consumption scene is realized.

The invention discloses a dynamic weighing metering method and device for a water meter verification table, and relates to the field of water meter identification, and the method comprises the steps: S1, measuring the water flow mass, and obtaining the weight of the water flow in a weighing water tank under the action of an electronic scale after the water flow injected into the weighing water tank is stable; s2, density is obtained, the increased water flow volume increment is obtained through calculation of computer data, and recording is carried out. According to the dynamic weighing metering method and device for the water meter verification platform, as the opening and closing of the switch valve influences the flow state and has time difference, quantitative water is stored in the weighing water tank, the system error caused by the fact that the absolute reading of an electronic scale is obtained by means of the opening and closing of the switch valve in traditional dynamic weighing is avoided, and the defect of low static verification efficiency is avoided; when the electronic scale is used for weighing, data are calculated according to the difference between the weight and the volume, and the application of the method not only can improve the verification precision, but also can improve the identification efficiency, so that huge economic benefits are certainly generated, and the industry innovation is guided.

This application provides a constant pressure water supply control method, system, and medium for a standardized secondary water supply pump station. The method includes: acquiring and processing multiple historical water supply data points within a preset time period, including water supply time data, corresponding pump water supply pressure data, and user node water supply pressure data, to obtain the water supply pressure level and corresponding water supply pressure and time; processing this data in conjunction with the user node water supply pressure to obtain the pipeline pressure loss value corresponding to the water supply pressure level; acquiring and processing real-time water supply time point data to obtain the water supply pressure level, corresponding water supply pressure, and pipeline pressure loss value, to obtain the real-time demand water supply pressure of the pump; then implementing water supply and acquiring and processing real-time water supply pressure data from user nodes to obtain a real-time water supply evaluation index; finally, performing threshold comparison and adjusting the water supply mode based on the comparison results; thereby achieving constant pressure water supply and precise control of the secondary water supply while reducing energy consumption.

The invention relates to a tail end constant-pressure water supply strategy adjusting method and system based on AI, and belongs to the technical field of secondary water supply.The constant-pressure water supply strategy adjusting method comprises the steps that the flow of a header pipe and real-time health state data of each running pump are periodically collected; according to the header pipe flow, the dynamic demand lift is calculated, and all feasible pump set combination strategies are generated in combination with the dynamic demand lift and the real-time health state data; the score of each candidate strategy is calculated, the candidate strategy with the highest score is used as a pump set scheduling strategy, the pump with the most matched performance is selected from candidate pump sets corresponding to the pump set scheduling strategy to serve as a frequency conversion main guide pump, and the other pumps serve as frequency conversion auxiliary pumps; according to the set minimum service pressure and the dynamic demand lift, the target pressure of a pump outlet is calculated; and according to the target pressure and the actually-collected pump outlet pressure, the rotating speed of the variable-frequency main guide pump is adjusted. The method has the beneficial effects that the power of the pump set is matched with the actual requirement, so that the operation cost is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of water meters, in particular to an anti-blocking anti-freezing water meter which comprises a water meter box, a detachable first connecting pipe is arranged at one end of the water meter box, and a detachable second connecting pipe is arranged at the end, away from the first connecting pipe, of the water meter box. When cleaning is needed, an operator rotates a third sliding rod to drive a cleaning block on the side face of the third sliding rod to move so that the cleaning block can be tightly pressed on the outer wall of the filter box, then a rotating cylinder in a drainage structure is rotated to drive a second rotating ring fixedly connected with the rotating cylinder through a second connecting rod to rotate, and then the filter box is driven to integrally rotate; the static cleaning block continuously rubs with the outer surface of the rotating filter box, so that impurities attached to the peripheries of the filter holes are scraped, the cleaned impurities are washed by water flow and finally discharged out of the water meter through the opened rotating cylinder, the maintenance process is greatly simplified, and long-term smooth operation of the water meter is guaranteed.

The utility model discloses a cable-stayed truss side bottom water pressure balanced opposite-tie-bar-free easy-to-clean water tank, and relates to the technical field of water tanks, the cable-stayed truss side bottom water pressure balanced opposite-tie-bar-free easy-to-clean water tank comprises a bottom plate, a top plate module and side plate modules, and a plurality of bottom side pressure self-balancing truss combined components are evenly distributed on the inner side of each side plate module; the bottom side pressure self-balancing truss combined member comprises a first bottom side pressure self-balancing truss combined member and a second bottom side pressure self-balancing truss combined member. According to the bottom side pressure self-balancing truss combined component, factory assembling and welding are adopted in advance, standard and unified welding and splicing modules are formed, so that a welding component is combined, the influence caused by external factors and welding operation is reduced to a great extent, the bending resistance and the tension resistance of the bottom side pressure self-balancing truss combined component are utilized, and the welding efficiency is improved. The bottom side pressure self-balancing truss combined component can safely and reliably transfer water pressure borne by the side plates to the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate to form a stable water tank structure system, so that opposite-pulling through ribs on the two sides are omitted, the internal moving space is large, and follow-up water tank welding, manual cleaning and construction maintenance are greatly facilitated.

The utility model discloses a highway bridge pavement water seepage detection device which comprises a water supply mechanism, the top of the water supply mechanism is fixedly provided with a water containing cylinder used for detecting water bearing, the water supply mechanism is fixedly provided with a balancing weight, and the top of the water supply mechanism is provided with an air escape valve in a penetrating mode. A jacking mechanism making contact with the top of detection water is slidably connected into the water containing barrel, and an identification mechanism facilitating observation of the water falling speed is arranged at the top of the water supply mechanism. The water supply mechanism is placed on the asphalt pavement needing to be detected, then the water supply mechanism is turned on to supply water, gas at the bottom of the water supply mechanism can be discharged through the gas release valve at the moment, then the water containing barrel is filled with the gas, and then the jacking mechanism falls down after water falls down. In this way, a user can observe the water falling position on the identification mechanism with the higher height according to the jacking mechanism, the detection device can detect the water seepage condition more conveniently, and detection is more accurate.

The utility model discloses a rock sample water saturation device, which relates to the technical field of rock water saturation and comprises a flexible water saturation cover, a water supply component and a pressurizing component. A sealed saturated water cavity is formed in the flexible saturated water cover, the saturated water cavity is used for accommodating a rock sample, and the flexible saturated water cover can be flexibly deformed, so that the saturated water cavity is matched with the rock sample in shape; the water supply assembly comprises a water supply pipe and a water storage structure, two ends of the water supply pipe are respectively communicated with the saturated water cavity and the water storage structure, and the water storage structure is used for storing water; the pressurizing assembly comprises a pressurizing pipe, a sucking pump and a pressurizing tank, the sucking pump is communicated with the pressurizing tank, and two ends of the pressurizing pipe are respectively communicated with the saturated water cavity and the pressurizing tank. The water saturation device for the rock sample provided by the utility model can be suitable for rock samples with different shapes and sizes, and the water saturation treatment effect on the rock can be effectively improved.