An optical element clamping and angle adjusting mechanism comprises an outer base, an inner top plate, a magnetic plate, one magnet, connection rods, vertical rods, a limiting column, another magnet, a fixed rod and a movable rod. The top plate and a bottom plate rotate relative to each other by adjusting the fixed rod and the movable rod. Under the action of the magnetic plate and the magnets, the top plate keeps in contact with the bottom plate. The three vertical rods are driven to separate through the three connection rods, optical elements of different sizes can be placed, then the rods are reset under the magnetism action of the magnets, the optical elements are clamped among the vertical rods, and accordingly the function of clamping the optical elements of different diameters and sizes is achieved. Due to screw holes in the magnets and a thread screwing mechanism, the vertical rods can move in kidney-shaped limiting through holes in the rear side of the bottom plate, and three-angle adjusting in a plane is achieved. By means of the optical element clamping and angle adjusting mechanism, clamping is achieved through the magnets, a flexible hinge or a spring adjusting mechanism in the prior art is omitted, the structure is simple, and the whole structure is stable, reliable and compact.